Long Test No.2 Sex Linked Traits

Name: Date: Strand: __________ Score:______/60
LONG TEST NO.2

SEX-LINKED TRAITS
Sex-linked traits are genetic characteristics determined by genes located on sex chromosomes. Genes are
segments of DNA found on chromosomes that carry information for protein production and that are
responsible for the inheritance of specific traits. Genes exist in alternative forms called alleles. One allele
for a trait is inherited from each parent. Like traits originating from genes on autosomes (non-sex
chromosomes), sex-linked traits are passed from parents to offspring through sexual reproduction.
Sex-linked diseases are passed down through families through one of the X or Y chromosomes. X and Y
are sex chromosomes.
Dominant inheritance occurs when an abnormal gene from one parent causes disease even though the
matching gene from the other parent is normal. The abnormal gene dominates.
Recessive inheritance is when both matching genes must be abnormal to cause disease. If only one gene
in the pair is abnormal, the disease does not occur, or is mild. Someone who has one abnormal gene (but
no symptoms) is called a carrier. A carrier can pass this abnormal gene to his or her children.
The term "sex-linked" usually refers to X-linked traits.
I. Answer the questions below about sex linked traits. (15 points)
1. X-linked (also called sex-linked traits) are inherited on the chromosome.

2. Y-linked (also called sex-linked traits) are inherited on the chromosome.
3. Which gender (male or female) is most likely to have X-linked traits?
4. How many X chromosomes do males have?
5. How many X chromosomes do females have?
6. Why does a single X chromosome that carries the allele for red-green colorblindness cause males
to be color blind but doesn’t cause females to be color blind? (2pts.)
7. (a) Why are men never heterozygous for an X-linked trait? (2pts.)
(b) Why must men always inherit an X-linked trait from their mothers? (2pts.)
(c) Can a color-blind father pass this allele on to his sons? Explain. (2pts.)
(d) Can a normal male ever have a daughter that is color-blind? Explain. (2pts.)
Sex-linked Traits Practice Problems

II. Answer the following problems using a Punnett square. Show your complete solution. (5pts each)
1. In fruit flies, the gene for white eyes is sex-linked recessive. (R) is red and (r) is white. Cross a white-
eyed female with a normal red-eyed male.
a. What percent of the males will have red eyes? White eyes?
b. What percent of the females will have red eyes? White eyes?
c. What total percent of the offspring will be white-eyed?
2. The gene for colorblindness is carried on the X chromosome and is recessive. A man, whose father
was colorblind, has a colorblind daughter. Show the possible Punnett square of the couple.
a) What is the percentage of couple having a colorblind son?
b) Where did he get his gene for colorblindness?
c) Must the fathers of all colorblind girls be colorblind? Why?
Name: Date: Strand: __________ Score:______/60
3. In humans, hemophilia is a sex-linked recessive trait. If a female who is a carrier for hemophilia
marries a male with normal blood clotting, answer the following questions.
a. What fraction of the female children will have hemophilia?
b. What fraction of the female children will be carriers?
c. What fraction of the male children will have normal blood clotting?
d. What fraction of the male children will have hemophilia?
4. Two normal vision parents have a color-blind son. Give the genotype of both parents and the son. Show the
Punnett square of the couple.
5. Cross a woman carrier for hemophilia to a hemophiliac man. Show the Punnett square of the couple.
a. What will be the percentage of having carrier female offspring?
b. What will be the percentage of having normal males?
c. What will be the percentage of having normal females--those who do not have the disease?
d. What will be the percentage of having hemophiliac females?
6. Anthony, a colorblind person got married, divorced, and remarried. Anthony and his first wife, Linda, has a
colorblind son, a colorblind daughter, a normal son and a normal daughter. Anthony and his current wife, Mary,
have four boys and two girls, none of whom is colorblind. Give the genotype of EACH WIFE and state whether
she is colorblind or not.
7. Colorblindness is a sex-linked recessive gene. A colorblind woman marries a man with normal vision. She is
pregnant. What is the chance that her child will be (a) a girl with normal vision? (b) a colorblind girl? (c) a boy
with normal vision? (d) a colorblind boy?
8. Red-green color blindness is a sex-linked recessive trait. A woman with normal vision whose father was
colorblind marries a man with normal vision. What is the genotype of each of these people? What can you
predict about their children?
9. Hemophilia is a disease caused by a recessive trait on the X chromosome. You are a genetic counselor. Bob and
his sister Mary come to your office. Bob is 25 and has no children. Mary is 23 and engaged. Bob and Mary are
both normal as are both their parents. However, they had a brother and an uncle who died of hemophilia. Bob
and Mary both want to know what their chances are of having hemophiliac children. What would you say to
them?

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Name: Date: Strand: ____ Score:/60

LONG TEST NO.2

The term "sex-linked" usually refers to X-linked traits.

1. X-linked (also called sex-linked traits) are inherited on the chromosome.

Sex-linked Traits Practice Problems

c. What total percent of the offspring will be white-eyed?

a. What fraction of the female children will have hemophilia?

b. What fraction of the female children will be carriers?

d. What fraction of the male children will have hemophilia?

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