Microsoft Word Document جديد

Master in Environmental Hydraulics
Ideal Flow Exercise

Name: Hatem AbuHamed
Question inputs;
 Apply the Ideal two-dimensional flow theory
 The pillar has a width of 1 m and a length of 10 m
 The pressure in the wake zone is constant and equal to the pressure in the corner end of the pillar
Solution;
For the case of an incompressible and ideal fluid, we interested to present the potential function as
contour lines and as well the stream function which describe the motion of the fluid in two
dimensional axes (X, Y) the affected on the pillar of bridge, which is the derivative between two
adjacent contours gives the velocity in each dimension. The general equation of the potential function
is as following (obtained originally from NS equation and as result of the viscous forces being negligible
compared to the inertia forces as Re tends to infinity);
𝜓 = 𝜓 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 + 𝜓 𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒
𝑄 𝑥
𝜓 = 𝑈𝑖𝑛𝑓 ∗ 𝑦 + ∗ atan( )
2𝜋 𝑦
And the relationship between the stream function and the potential function is the divertive;
𝑄
𝑉𝑥 = 𝜕𝑦 𝜓 = 𝑈𝑖𝑛𝑓 + ∗ 𝑥 2 /(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )
2𝜋𝑥
𝑄
𝑉𝑦 = −𝜕𝑥 𝜓 = − ∗ 𝑦/(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )
2𝜋
Noting that the 𝑈𝑖𝑛𝑓 is the velocity of river. The assumed data of velocity is 0.5 m/s and the
flow rate is 1 and the density of fluid equal 1.
The idea for plotting is creating vector of x, y as mesh grid with values of potential functions
applied using the python.
Then, the stream lines which we are interested that surrounded the pillar till the length 10m
and the width of 1m. To achieve this, we must define where is the location that the velocity
become zero and where the stream line become changed due to pillar. This can be
calculated by put the velocity of Vx equal zero among y axis (y=0).
𝑉𝑥 = 0
𝑄
0 = 𝑈𝑖𝑛𝑓 + ∗ 𝑥 2 /(𝑥 2 + 0)
2𝜋𝑥
𝑄
𝑥=− = 0000000
2𝜋𝑈𝑖𝑛𝑓
So the following figure obtained to resembles the scheme of potential lines and the position
of x location;
The interested contour line among the width of pillar 1m which is corresponding to the
surface of the pillar. The width of this pillar considered as 0.5m steps in positive and other
0.5m steps in negative.
𝜓 = 𝑈𝑖𝑛𝑓 ∗ 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ = 𝑉𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 [𝑈𝑖𝑛𝑓 ∗ −0.5] 𝑡𝑜 [𝑈𝑖𝑛𝑓 ∗ 0.5]
Picture:
Starting from x location (where Vx=zero) and defining the path potential lines that
corresponding to 1m width, firstly we defined the contour line then finding the locations (X,Y)
using the cupper.collections command in python. The following figure obtained;
To determine and represent the speed along these current lines, We will used the equations
that mentioned previously 𝑉𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉𝑦 among the new collective path that surrounding
surface of pillar for the total length of pillar (10 meters);
plt.plot(x,vxSurface,label='$v_x$')
plt.plot(x,vySurface,label='$v_y$')
Since we have assumed that the flow is ideal we can write the Bernoulli principle
(conservation of energy) and we can assume that we know that ambient pressure. This will
help us to present the pressure on the surface; see following equations;
𝜌 𝜌
𝑝 = 𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑓 + ∗ 𝑈 2 = 𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑓 + ∗ (𝑣𝑥 2 + 𝑣𝑦 2 )
2 2
𝜌
𝑝 − 𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑓 = ∗ (𝑣𝑥 2 + 𝑣𝑦 2 )
2
plt.plot(x,p_pinf,label='$p-p_{\infty}$')
To calculate the force that pressure exerts on the pillar, the main idea for solving this by the following
governing equation;
𝐹 = ∫(𝑝 − 𝑝inf ) ∗ 𝑛 𝑑𝑦
To solve such equation, we introduce the finite element method to calculate such values. This will be
obtained by discretizing the length of pressure line into segments and analyzing each component of
pressure and normal for each dimension. See below figure;
Normal Components
X2, Y2
Middle Point Pillar
DeltaL Pressure
X1, Y1
Components
So the Final Total Forces exerted on the pillar will be the summation of components as following
expressions;
𝑥=10𝑚
𝐹𝑥 = ∑ (𝑝 − 𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑓)𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 ∗ (𝑛)𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠

𝑥=0
𝑥=10𝑚
𝐹𝑦 = ∑ (𝑝 − 𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑓)𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 ∗ (𝑛)𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠

𝑥=0
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝐹𝑦 + 𝐹𝑥
By programming such concept in python, the following results obtained;

Microsoft Word Document جديد

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Microsoft Word Document جديد

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Microsoft Word Document جديد

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Master in Environmental Hydraulics

Ideal Flow Exercise

𝐹𝑥 = ∑ (𝑝 − 𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑓)𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 ∗ (𝑛)𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠

𝐹𝑦 = ∑ (𝑝 − 𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑓)𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 ∗ (𝑛)𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠

By programming such concept in python, the following results obtained;

You might also like