RAMAYANA
RAMAYANA
RAMAYANA
One day, the sage Viswamithra comes to Dasaratha and asks that Rama accompany him to protect him during a
sacrifice. Dasaratha is heartbroken, but agrees, and sends Lakshmana with Rama. As Viswamithra travels with the boys,
he tells them the story of a demoness named Thataka. Thataka appears and threatens to eat the travelers, but
Viswamithra instructs Rama to kill her. Rama does, and the gods ask Viswamithra to teach Rama about weapons.
Viswamithra tells the boys several more stories before they reach the site of the sacrifice. Rama assures the sages and
saints of their safety as they begin the sacrifice, and he shoots the gathered demons with his bow. Viswamithra then
takes the boys to Mithila City.
Dasaratha realizes he's getting old and names Rama his successor. Rama accepts this, and they begin to prepare for
Rama's coronation the following day. Everyone is happy that Rama will be king except for Kooni, Kaikeyi's companion.
She convinces Kaikeyi that Rama will treat her poorly if he's crowned king. When Dasaratha comes to Kaikeyi that night,
she asks him to grant her two boons that he promised her years ago, and asks that Dasaratha banish Rama to the forest
for 14 years and crown Bharatha king instead. Dasaratha doesn't want to agree, but feels he must. The next morning,
advisers find Dasaratha and Kaikeyi, Dasaratha in a faint. Kaikeyi explains what happened and asks for Rama. When
Rama arrives, he agrees to go into exile. Ministers, Lakshmana, and Kausalya attempt to convince Rama to stay, but he
insists on leaving. Rama dresses in clothes made of bark. Though he tries to convince them to stay, Lakshmana and Sita
insist on joining Rama in exile. As Rama, Lakshmana, and Sita leave the city, a sad crowd follows them. Sathrugna helps
the three escape unnoticed that night. When he tells Dasaratha the next day that Rama left, Dasaratha dies. When
Bharatha returns to the city and finds out what happened, he dresses in bark and goes to Rama to try and convince him
to return. Rama insists on remaining in exile, however, and Bharatha decides to rule as a regent from outside the city.
Rama, Lakshmana, and Sita travel far away from Ayodhya so that people won't come to convince them to return. They
meet Jatayu, a great eagle who was a friend of Dasaratha's. He promises to protect Rama until he can return from exile.
One day, Rama sees a beautiful woman approaching their dwelling. Though she uses a fake name, she's Soorpanaka, a
demon and Ravana's sister. She tries to woo Rama and convince him to marry her, but he refuses. Soorpanaka spends
the night in agony and decides the next morning that if she can kill Sita, Rama will love her. When Rama leaves the
dwelling the next day, Soorpanaka stalks Sita and jumps on her. Lakshmana rescues Sita and chops off Soorpanaka's
nose, ears, and breasts. When Rama returns, he tries to explain to Soorpanaka who he is, but it has no effect on her.
Rama tells Lakshmana that he can kill Soorpanaka if she won't leave.
Soorpanaka crashes into Ravana's court and tells him what happened. She tells him that Sita is exceptionally beautiful
and Ravana should take her for himself. Ravana falls in love with the image of Sita that Soorpanaka creates and goes to
his uncle Mareecha for help. Though Mareecha is a demon, he's trying to live a virtuous life. Ravana threatens
Mareecha, and Mareecha agrees to help abduct Sita.
Mareecha turns himself into a golden deer and walks near Rama's home. Sita sees the deer and asks Rama to capture it
for her as a pet. Rama agrees and goes to chase the deer, leaving Lakshmana to guard Sita. Rama chases the deer for
miles before he realizes it's a trap. He shoots the deer, but with his dying breath Mareecha impersonates Rama and cries
for help from Sita and Lakshana. Sita hears the cry and convinces Lakshmana to go help Rama. When Lakshmana is gone,
Ravana disguises himself as a Brahmin and approaches Sita. Eventually, Ravana is unable to maintain his disguise, and he
assumes his demonic form. Sita cries for help, but Ravana digs into the earth and carries Sita away, along with the
ground she stands on. Jatayu attempts to save Sita, but Ravana chops off his wing. Rama and Lakshmana find Jatayu and
he relates to them what happened, but dies before he can tell them where Ravana was going with Sita.
In their search for Sita, Rama and Lakshmana enter the land of Kiskinda, which is populated by monkeys. There they
meet Hanuman and Sugreeva. Hanuman is Sugreeva's helper and recognizes that Rama is an incarnation of Vishnu.
Sugreeva is the king of Kiskinda, but his brother, Vali, banished him after a misunderstanding. Rama is moved by
Sugreeva's story and offers to help kill Vali. Sugreeva calls for Vali to come fight, and the brothers clash violently. As
Lakshmana and Rama watch the fight, they debate if it's right to get involved. Rama then shoots Vali from a hidden spot.
Vali is surprised that someone can kill him, and asks Rama to explain his actions. Rama explains that he killed Vali to right
past wrongs, and Vali accepts this and names Sugreeva his successor. After Sugreeva's coronation, Rama instructs him to
gather an army and report back to him after the rainy season ends.
The rain lasts for months and Rama spends the entire time depressed. When the rains end, Sugreeva doesn't arrive.
Rama sends Lakshmana to find out why, and it comes to light that Sugreeva has spent the rainy season drinking and
enjoying women. Sugreeva vows to give up alcohol, however, and promptly summons his armies for Rama. Vali's son
Angada and Hanuman are sent south to look for Sita. Rama gives Hanuman his ring and tells him how he can recognize
Sita.
When Angada and Hanuman reach the seashore, they nearly lose hope. An advisor, however, explains to Hanuman that
Hanuman has the power to grow very large. Hanuman makes himself huge and steps over the sea to Lanka, where
Ravana lives. In Lanka, he makes himself small again and begins to search for Sita. He finds her in a garden where
rakshasa women are tormenting her. Ravana torments her too, and when they finally leave her alone, Sita prepares to
commit suicide. Hanuman shows himself to Sita and tells her that Rama is coming. As he leaves Lanka, Hanuman allows
Ravana's army to capture him. He then escapes and lights the city on fire before returning to Rama.
Ravana has his city rebuilt and calls a council of his brothers and commanders. They all tell Ravana that taking Sita in the
manner he did was wrong, but at this point they must fight and either win or die. Ravana's youngest brother, Vibishana,
insists that Ravana give Sita back to Rama. Ravana banishes him, and Vibishana goes to Rama's camp. Hanuman declares
that Vibishana has a good heart and Rama accepts him as the king of Lanka. Vibishana helps Rama form a plan of attack.
When they're ready, Rama stands on the seashore and asks the sea god to help him cross the sea. The sea god finally
agrees to help make a bridge with whatever Rama's army can bring. The animals help build the bridge, and Rama's army
crosses into Lanka.
Ravana sends his soldiers out to fight Rama, but nobody returns. Ravana tries to convince Sita that Rama is dead, but she
remains resolute and faithful to Rama. Rama sends Angada to ask Ravana to concede, but Ravana refuses and Rama
officially declares war. The battle rages for days. Ravana finally decides to join the battle himself. Hanuman lifts Rama
onto his shoulders and they fight Ravana. They break his crown and send him back to his palace. Ravana then wakes his
brother, Kumbakarna, and sends him to the battle. When Kumbakarna dies, Ravana cries, and Lakshmana kills Ravana's
son, Indrajit, not long after.
Ravana decides that he has to finish the battle himself. He dresses for battle and climbs into his chariot. The gods send
Rama Indra's chariot, which is driven by Matali. Rama gets into the chariot and the battle begins. Ravana ignores the
ominous signs and chases Rama. He shoots arrows with his many arms, but none of them reach Rama. The battle moves
to the sky and Rama and Ravana circle the world several times before Ravana begins using supernatural weapons. Rama
destroys every attempt with either meditations or his own weapons. Finally, Rama sends a weapon at Ravana's heart
and kills him. When they land, Rama notices a scar on Ravana's back and fears that he killed him dishonorably. Vibishana
explains that the scar is old.
Rama sends for Sita. She dresses beautifully and presents herself in front of Rama, but he tells her that it's improper to
accept her back. Distraught, Sita asks Lakshmana to build a fire, and she steps into it. The god of fire carries her back out
and presents her to Rama, insisting that she's pure. Rama accepts her, but his test worries the gods. They address him
and remind him that he's divine. They then send Dasaratha to earth to meet Rama, which makes Rama very happy.
Finally, the gods tell Rama to return to Ayodhya, as Bharatha will kill himself if Rama doesn't return on time. Vibishana
summons a magical vehicle that carries Rama and all his army to Ayodhya. They arrive just in time, and Rama and Sita
are crowned king and queen and rule for many years in peace. The narrator then explains some storytelling customs,
and admits that he's not telling the story of the sequel, in which Rama and Sita part again for morally questionable
reasons.
NARRATOR: Here is the Holy legend Ramayana, brought to you by Rishi Valmiki.
NARRATOR: Many long years ago, there lived two mighty races, the Kosalas and the Videhas. The Kosalas was ruled by
the just king named Dasa-ratha. He had four sons, Rama being the eldest, Bharat, the second, Lakshman, the third, and
Satrughna, the youngest. Meanwhile, the Videhas was ruled by the great Janak.
Narrator: Now, the princess of the Videhas, Sita, had beauty that reached the ears of other kingdoms' royal families.
Intrigued, they would go to Mithila to see whether the rumors they hear are true. When they see that it is indeed true,
they would bring gifts and ask for her hand. This earned her many suitors. Too many in fact, that she was not able to
choose at all!
JANAK: The time is ripe for you to marry a husband. You have grown to be a fine young woman. You must pay more
attention to your suitors in order for you to be able to choose.
SITA: But, Father, there are far too many of them! How would I ever be able to choose?
SITA: How?
Beat.
JANAK: AHA! I know! We will organize an archery competition! Whoever wins shall have your hand in marriage.
[JANAK], [SITA], and the other royal people are sitting somewhere on the stage.
[JANAK] stands.
JANAK: Now, let us begin the competition. Whoever shoots the nearest to the center of the target shall win the
competition and the hand of my daughter.
The audience claps.
[RAMA] and [SITA] hold hands, smiling whilse facing the audience.
[DASA-RATHA] sits on a throne with [RAMA], [BHARAT], [LAKSHMAN], and [SATRUGHNA] standing before him.
DASA-RATHA: I have called the four of you because we need to discuss a very important matter. I am now old, and my
days are almost done. When I am dead and gone, one of you must take my place as king. And for this I have chosen...
Rama. For he is the oldest. He has the most knowledge and experience that will surely be helpful when he becomes king.
RAMA: I thank you, dear father, for this great honor. I swear to you that I shall be a good and just king, like you.
A [SERVANT] enters and bows before [DASA-RATHA], who sits on his throne.
KAIKEYI: My king.
[KAIKEYI] rises.
KAIKEYI: I implore you to make Bharat regent king, and that Rama be banished to the Dandak forest.
KAIKEYI: Do you not remember your promise to me? When you were ill and there was no one to care for you, only I was
there. You promised that you would give me any boon that I wanted.
DASA-RATHA: Bu-but---!
KAIKEYI: You could refuse. You are the king, after all. But what would that do to your honor, I wonder?
NARRATOR: Dasa-ratha was torn. How could he choose between Kaikeyi and Rama?
NARRATOR: Dasa-ratha decided to give Kaikeyi what she wanted as he, after all did promise her. The faithful wife, Sita,
and the loving brother, Lakshman came with him.
[DASA-RATHA], [KAIKEYI], [KAUSALYA], [BHARAT], [SATRUGHNA], and [JANAK] exchange farewells with [RAMA], [SITA],
and [LAKSHMAN].
RAMA: You must stay here and help Father and Bharat in ruling Ayodia.
SATRUGHNA: But--.
[KAUSALYA] is in tears.
A crowd has gathered to witness the sad occasion. One of them steps up.
FOLLOWER: Let us come with you, Prince Rama. We shall be of help to you during your exile.
[RAMA], [SITA], [LAKSHMAN], and the rest of the followers walk around the stage as the narrator talks.
NARRATOR: The loyal people of Ayodia followed their exiled prince as far as the banks of the Tamasa River where they
halted on the first night.
While the [FOLLOWERS] are sleeping, [RAMA], who is lying down, suddenly sits up and wakes up [LAKSHMAN] and
[SITA]. His whispers are sharp and strained.
RAMA: Lakshman! Sita! Wake up!
LAKSHMAN: What?!
SITA: Why?!
RAMA: There are far too many of them to feed and care for. Let us go and leave them now while they are still asleep.
NARRATOR: Rama, his wife, and his brother, Lakshman stole away at night to escape the citizens who wanted to follow
them. They crossed the Ganges River penetrating deeper into the wilderness of the forest until they came to the
hermitage of Valmiki.
NARRATOR: Dasa-ratha was so stricken with grief at the loss of his son. He suffered from a terrible illness that none of
the kingdom's doctors could heal.
BHARAT: Father,
[BHARAT’s] voice cracks and tears start to appear in the corners of his eyes.
BHARAT: Father, please do not say that.
DASA-RATHA: It pains me to know that I will be leaving you without being able to see Rama. But know that I love all of
my sons equally. And I am sure that you will become a magnificent king when I am dead and gone.
BHARAT: But I do not know if I am ready to be king. I do not know if I have enough experience and knowledge.
DASA-RATHA: True. You may not have as much knowledge and experience as Rama, but do not worry, for I shall be
watching over you from the heavens, where I shall be reunited with our ancestors. Whenever you are having doubts,
just look to the skies, and remember that I will always be there, guiding you.
[BHARAT] kisses DASA-RATHA’s forehead and leaves as soon as his last breath is drawn.
NARRATOR: Bharat had made up his mind. Even his father's comforting words were not able to convince him otherwise.
He would go to the forest of Dandak to seek his elder brother and convince him to claim the throne.
BHARAT: RAMA!
[BHARAT] and [RAMA] go round and round the stage, looking for each other, then get surprised when they do find each
other.
BHARAT: Rama!
RAMA: Bharat!
RAMA: And you, my dear brother. But, might I inquire as to why you are here?
[BHARAT’s] smile slides off his face and gets replaced with a sad expression.
[RAMA] frowns.
Beat.
BHARAT: When you left, he became miserable and an illness that none of our doctors could heal took him. Before he
passed, father mentioned you a lot of times.
RAMA: I am very sorry. I was not there at the time of his passing. But, there is one ray of sunshine that may be seen
here. You are about to be king! For that, I must congratulate you.
BHARAT: Do not. For I have no desire to be king. This is also why I have come to you, brother. I implore you to come
back to Ayodia and claim the throne that is rightfully yours. Come home. Surely, Father’s death would release you from
your oath?
RAMA: But I may not seek Ayodia’s ancient throne, for righteous father’s mandate dutiful son may not disown. And I
may not, gentle brother, break the word of promise given, to a king and to a father who is now a saint in heaven.
BHARAT: Very well. Then I would like to ask for one last request.
RAMA: Anything, my dear brother. Anything! Of course, with the exception of returning to Ayodia.
BHARAT: My request is for you to give me your sandals. I would like to place them on the throne as testimony to the
people that I am ruling in your name.
BHARAT: Farewell!
NARRATOR: Rama wandered from Northern India and reached Southern India. He built his forest hermitage in the
wilderness, there he live with Sita and Lakshman, in peace and serenity... until…
NARRATOR: In the country of Ceylon, there lived two siblings. One of which was named Raksha, who was a princess and
the other was Ravan, the ruler of all monsters.
[RAKSHA] sighs.
RAKSHA: His name is Rama. He was once a prince of Kosalas but was exiled.
RAKSHA: I want him, Ravan. He has heart, and is very handsome too.
RAKSHA: But I would be willing to share his love with another woman.
RAVAN: Then go, my dear sister. Go to him. I do not think that he will be able to resist you with your beauty, even if he
already has a wife.
[RAKSHA] grins, goes to edge of stage and disappears in another puff of smoke.
[RAMA] and [SITA] sit in a corner while [LAKSHMAN] stands elsewhere with a bow in hand.
[RAKSHA] appears at the edge of the stage with a puff of smoke, face hidden, and starts to dance sexually in front of
[RAMA] when music starts.
[RAMA] is mildly amused but he shakes his head and points to his brother [LAKSHMAN].
[RAKSHA], eyes [LAKSHMAN], inspecting him from afar. She looks pleased, so she dances her way to him.
[LAKSHMAN] is a little more timid. But he also shakes his head and points back to [RAMA].
[RAKSHA] tries to dance back to [RAMA], but [RAMA] is still pointing to [LAKSHMAN]. She stops, in the middle of the two
now. She looks back to [LAKSHMAN], also pointing back to [RAMA].
The music suddenly stops. And so does [RAKSHA’s] dancing. She is frustrated and angry. This is visible as she disappears
in a puff of smoke.
RAKSHA: Those reprobates! Those filthy, filthy... DOGS! I gave them my love, but they refused it!
NARRATOR: Ravan sent a beautiful golden deer to tempt Rama and Lakshman away from the hermitage.
[RAMA] and [LAKSHMAN] sneak around until they reach the edge of the stage and are covered by the curtain.
RAKSHA: No matter how loud your screams are, they won't be able to hear you. Now sleeeeep...
[RAVAN] goes to edge of stage with [SITA] and [RAKSHA], then flaps his cloak to hide themselves. They disappear.
[RAKSHA’s] cackling is still heard as the curtains close.
NARRATOR: After a year, Rama was finally able to find the siblings’ lair.
The music starts as [RAMA] sneaks into [RAVAN’s] chambers. [RAVAN] is caught off guard but immediately recovers.
But [RAMA] eventually outsmarts [RAVAN] and stabs him in the heart.
[RAVAN’s] death is horrible, filled with screams as he writhes in agony on the floor.
[SITA] sits in a corner. She gets nervous when she hears footsteps.
[RAMA] enters and [SITA's] fright turns to happiness as she rushes to hug her husband.
RAMA: Now that Ravan is slain, you are now free to choose your path in life. You may stay in Ceylon, or you could
accompany Lakshman. You could also go to Bharat if you so desire.
[SITA] frowns.
RAMA: Sita, you were held captive by Ravan for a whole year. How would I be assured that you are still pure?
Beat.
SITA: Very well.
SITA: I bid you to make an enormous fire. We shall settle this with a trial by fire.
SITA: This trial of fire is being performed in order to prove my purity. I am pure. I shall walk on this fire and if ever I am
lying, then may the flames consume me. But if I am not, then I will step out unharmed.
NARRATOR: In finding Sita, the gods had given Rama an aerial car which they, then used to travel back to North India.
This story was passed from Indian fathers to Indian sons, from generation to generation, and now, to you. We hope that
you will always remember this story and its virtues and to use it as a guide in your everyday lives. Thank you for
watching!