PART 1 A Solas Training Manual

INTERNATIONAL SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Project Team Rev

Doc. Type Serial No.
Code Code Status No.
GEN FL ML 008 D 0
SOLAS TRAINING MANUAL
D0 For Internal Review M.SOLTANI M.SOLTANI V.ARABI 30/08/2005

ISSUE OR REVISION
REV. ORIG. BY CHKD BY APPROVED BY DATE
DESCRIPTION
INTERNATIONAL SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Date: 31.Aug.05
SOLAS TRAINING MANUAL Page 2
GEN FL ML 008 D 0 of 107
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Overview
1.2 Contents
1.3 Availability and Distribution of SOLAS Training Manual
1.4 Updating And Amendments
2.0 Mustering And Emergency Locations
2.1 Mustering And Emergency Stations
2.2 Mustering And Emergency Instructions
3.0 Lifejackets
3.1 Lifejackets
3.1.1 Lifejackets On Board
3.1.2 Lifejacket Stowage
3.1.3 Donning Instructions
3.2 Immersion Suits

3.3 Thermal Protective AIDs (TPA’s)

3.4 Lifebuoys, Lights and Smoke Signals

4.0 Exposure Hazards, Clothing, Protection and Survival
4.1 Exposure Hazards, The Need For Warm Clothing, Protection and
Survival
4.2 Protection
4.2.1 Warm Clothing
4.2.2 Put On Lifejacket
4.2.3 Go To Your Muster Station
4.2.4 Leaving The Ship
4.3 Action When In The Water
4.4 Boarding Survival Craft
4.5 First Action To Take After Boarding Survival Craft

4.5.1 Clear The Ship
4.5.2 Collect Together
4.5.3 Use Sea Anchor
4.5.4 Lookout
4.5.5 Protection
4.5.6 Sea-Sickness
4.5.7 Treating Injured
4.5.8 Order - Leader
4.5.9 Radio and EPIRB
4.5.10 SARRT’s (Search And Rescue Radar Transponders
)
4.6 Subsequent Actions In Survival Craft

4.6.1 Survival
4.6.2 Roll Call and Log
4.6.3 Sharp Objects
4.6.4 Watches
4.6.5 Lookouts
4.6.6 Survival Instructions
4.6.7 Body Functions
4.7 Injuries, Ailments and Treatment

4.7.1 Shock
4.7.2 Bleeding
4.7.3 Burns
4.7.4 Broken Bones - Fractures
4.7.5 Fuel Oil Contamination
4.7.6 Frostbite
4.7.7 Sunburn
4.7.8 Salt Water Boils
4.7.9 Dry Mouth and Cracked Lips
4.7.10 Swollen Legs
4.7.11 Immersion Foot
4.7.12 Heat-stroke or Hypothermia
4.7.13 Dehydration
4.8 Location And Attracting Attention
4.9 Water and Food

4.9.1 Issue Of The Water Ration
4.9.2 Supplementing The Water Ration
4.9.3 Food
4.9.4 Issue Of Food Rations
4.9.5 Supplementing The Food Ration
4.9.6 Fish
4.9.7 Birds
4.9.8 Seaweed
4.9.9 Turtles
5.0 Lifeboats
5.1 Lifeboat Details
5.2 Lifeboat Equipment and Rations
5.3 Launching Lifeboats
5.4 Preparing and Launching The Lifeboats

5.4.1 In Boat
5.4.2 On Deck
5.5 Recovering The Lifeboats
5.6 Lifeboats - Use Of Equipment

5.6.1 Use Of Sea Anchor
5.7 Rescue Boat
6.0 Liferafts
6.1 Life raft Particulars
6.2 Inflatable Liferafts Operating Instructions
6.3 Launching Instructions
6.4 Liferaft Equipment and Rations
6.5 Liferaft Maintenance

6.5.1 Hydrostatic Release Unit (HRU)
7.0 Radio Installations
7.1 Lifeboat Radio

7.1.1 Walkie Talkie
7.2 Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacons (EPIRB’s)
7.3 Search And Rescue Radar Transponders (SARRT’s)

8.0 Pyrotechnics
8.1 The Vessel’s Pyrotechnics
8.2 Lifeboat Pyrotechnics
8.3 Liferaft Pyrotechnics
8.4 Instructions for Using Pyrotechnics
8.5 Disposal of Out-Of-Date Pyrotechnics
9.0 Illumination in Launching Areas
10.0 Rescue Methods and Signals
10.1 Use Of Rocket Line Throwing Apparatus & Shore Breeches Buoy
10.2 Ship To Ship Use Of Line Throwing Apparatus
10.3 Helicopter Rescue Operations

10.3.1 Helicopter Rescue Gear
10.3.2 Use Of Strop
10.3.3 High Line Technique
10.4 Rescue Signals
11.0 Lifesaving Appliances (LSA) - Maintenance Checklists
11.1 Weekly
11.2 Every Two Weeks
113 Monthly
11.4 Every Three Months
11.5 Annually
11.6 Every Two Years
11.7 Every Three Years
11.8 Every Five Years
11.9 Maintenance Of Records

11.9.1 Records Checklist
12.0 Fire Fighting
12.1 Theory Of Fire Fighting
12.2 Types Of Fire

12.2.1 Combustible Material Fires
12.2.2 Liquid Petroleum Fires
12.2.3 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Fires
12.2.4 Electrical Equipment Fires
12.3 Extinguishing Agents

12.3.1 Cooling Agents
12.3.2 Smothering Agents
12.3.3 Flame Inhibitors
13.0 Fire Fighting Equipment
13.1 Operational Readiness
13.2 Maintenance
13.3 Fireman’s Outfit

13.3.1 Equipment Checklist
13.3.2 Breathing Apparatus (BA)
13.3.3 Breathing Apparatus (BA) Manufacturer’s Data
13.3.4 BA Donning/Functional Check

13.3.5 BA Control Board
13.3.6 Breathing Apparatus Communications
13.4 Fire Extinguishing

13.4.1 Portable Fire Extinguishers
13.4.2 Fixed Fire Extinguishing Systems
13.5 Fire Hoses, Hydrants, Nozzles and Accessories

13.5.1 Fire Hoses and Hydrants
13.5.2 Fire Hose Nozzles
13.6 International Shore Fire Connection
13.7 Fire Flaps, Dampers, Electrical Stops And Quick Closing Devices
13.7.1 Fire Flaps Dampers
13.7.2 Electrical Stops and Quick Closing Devices
13.8 Main Fire Pump
13.9 Emergency Fire Pump

13.9.1 Steps to Be Taken How To Start Emergency Fire-PUMP
13.10 Emergency Alternator/Generator

13.10.1 Steps to Be Taken How To Start Emergency Generator
13.11 Fire Control Plan

13.11.1 Fire Main Isolation Valves
14.0 Fire Fighting Apparatus Checklist
14.1 Weekly
14.3 Monthly

14.5 Annually
14.6 Every Four Years



1.0 Introduction
1.1 Overview
The SOLAS Training Manual is provided in accordance with Regulation 51

to the revised Chapter III of the SOLAS Convention and incorporates all the
lifesaving and firefighting appliances on board and where situated.
The Master shall ensure that all Officers and Ratings read and understand
the contents of this manual as stated in the Company familiarization
checklist. The Training Manual has been designed "ships specific " to assist
Master, Officers and Ratings on board and personnel ashore to become
familiar with the types and whereabouts of all lifesaving and fire fighting
equipment on board and the operation thereof.
Nothing in this manual removes from the Master his authority to take any
steps and issue any orders, whether or not they are in accordance with the
contents of this manual, which he considers are necessary for the
preservation of life, the safety of vessel and her cargo or for the protection of
the environment.
1.2 Contents
This manual acts as a set of guidelines to saving life at sea for Masters,
Officers and Ratings. The Company also supplies each vessel with the
appropriate IMO Publications, including MARPOL and SOLAS
Conventions for reference.
1.3 Availability and Distribution of SOLAS Training Manual
It is the wish of the Company Senior Management for all personnel to

become familiar with the contents of each manual in the Company
documented Safety Management System, thus helping the Company achieve
its objectives by maintaining uniform operating procedures on board all
vessels. Masters and department managers are responsible for making this
manual available to all personnel and to actively encourage its use as a
source of reference.
Copies of this manual are provided in each officers and crew mess rooms
and recreation room.
This manual remains the property of the Company and must not be removed
from any vessel or office without prior permission of the DPA.
1.4 Updating And Amendments
This manual is subject to Company Procedures Manual (Proc.8 - Document &

Data Control).
2.0 Mustering and Emergency Locations
2.1 Mustering and Emergency Stations
The signals for an emergency on board are as follows:

a) Emergency Stations
Continuous sounding of alarm bells. Supplemented by four long blasts on the

ship’s whistle.
b) Boat Stations
7 or more short blasts followed by one long blast on the ship’s whistle.
c) Abandon Ship
By word of mouth from the Master or his deputies.
Full details of the action to be taken by the vessel’s crew on hearing the
signals are contained in the Company’s Safety Manual on board.
Whenever the above signal is heard, ALL personnel should proceed to their
allocated Muster Stations. These are shown on the Emergency Station Bills.
All personnel must be suitably dressed properly donned the life jackets when
proceeding to their muster station
.2.2 Mustering And Emergency Instructions
The signal for an Emergency on board is a continuous sounding of the alarms

accompanied by 4 long blasts on the whistle
(to attract attention of personnel on
deck).
This signal will be used to cover all emergencies.
Full details of the action to be taken by the ship’s crew on hearing this alarm
are contained in the Company’s Safety Manual on board.
In the event the Master, or his authorized deputy, considers it necessary to

muster all hands at their Boat Stations to prepare survival craft etc., the Boat
Station Signal - 7 or more shortblasts followed by 1 long blast on the ship’s
whistle repeated on the alarms will be made.This signal will not be sounded
prior to the emergency stations signal.
Whenever any of the above signals are given, all personnel should proceed
immediately to their allocated Muster Stations. These are shown on the
Emergency Station Bills posted on board.
Personnel must be suitably dressed at all times when proceeding to Muster

Stations.
Emergency Station Bills are located in the following locations:
■ Bridge
■ Crew accommodation (alleyway)
■ Engine room (control room)
■ Officers mess room and recreation room
■ Crew mess room and recreation room

3.0 Lifejackets
3.1 Lifejackets
3.1.1 Lifejackets On Board
All lifejackets on board are in compliance with the latest SOLAS

regulations.
There is a total of 29 lifejackets on board
3.1.2 Lifejacket Stowage
Lifejackets are stowed as follows:

Number Location
24 accommodation
2 bridge
3 engine room
Donning instructions for the lifejackets carried on board are posted

next to the stowage areas and a copy appears on the next page.
Donning Instructions
3.2 Immersion Suits
There is a total of immersion suits on board.

Immersion suits are stowed on board in the following locations:
Number Location
3.2.1 Donning Instruction
Donning instructions are as per following page.

Donning Instruction
1. Don the suit as you would a pair of coveralls.
2. Pull hood over head.
3. Close ripper fully
4. Adjust wrist and ankle bands, if fitted.

3.3 Thermal Protection Aids (TPA’s) (Not Applicable for saff 9000)
TPA’s sufficient for 10 % of the lifeboat’s capacity are stowed in the lifeboats
as follows:
Boat Number Number of TPA’s
Donning instructions are as per following page.

TPA Donning Instructions
1. Remove from package.
2. Don feet first.
3. Close body, hood and arms with adhesive patches.

3.4 Lifebuoys, Lights and Smoke Signals
Lifebuoys are provided for man overboard situations. They are located around
the ship, two of which are fitted on the navigating bridge in special quick
release racks.
The maximum weight of lifebuoys should not exceed 6.1 kg with a minimum
weight of not less than 2.5 kg.
At least two lifebuoys are fitted with buoyant lines. If the vessel is stopped,
the end of the line can be held on board when the buoy is thrown overboard. If
the vessel is moving the buoy and line should be thrown overboard allowing
the line to trail out in the water.
At least two life buoys are fitted with self-igniting lights.
The two lifebuoys fitted on the navigating bridge are fitted with combined
buoyant light and smoke signals, described in Section 5.9.
Note: The lifebuoys used for automatically releasing the light/smoke signals
must be at least 4 kg weight or heavier, as specified by the signal
manufacturer.
4.0 Exposure Hazards, Clothing, Protection and Survival
4.1 Exposure Hazards, The Need For Warm Clothing, Protection and
Survival
Following a shipwreck the most common primary cause of death is

exposure.
■ People become too cold to help themselves in the water and drown.
■ Even after boarding a survival craft you can die of cold if you have not
taken the necessary precautions.
The epic survival voyages which have attracted publicity in the past have
nearly all taken place in tropical waters.
Regardless of how near rescue services may be - You Must Take Action
From The Beginning to safeguard your life from the elements.
The guiding principles for survival can be summarized as:
a) Protection- This has the highest priority- above all else.
b) Location- This is the second priority and details of the equipment appear
throughout this Manual.
c) Water- You can survive only for a few days without water.
d) Food - You can survive for weeks without food.
Without this approach only the lucky will survive.
Remember: No One Is A Survivor Until Rescued.
4.2 Protection
Initial actions to be taken when the Boat Station Signal is given. Try to
board the boat as dry as possible.
4.2.1 Warm Clothing
a) Wool clothing is best.
b) As many layers as possible.
c) An anorak or oilskin as the outer layer.
d) If it should be necessary to enter the water on abandoning the ship

the initial "cold shock" may prove disabling, or even fatal. Extra
clothing will markedly reduce this shock effect, while a waterproof
outer layer could prevent it entirely.
e) The extra clothing will prolong your survival time by reducing

loss of body heat. It will not weigh you down, the opposite is true.
When you enter the water the air trapped between the extra layers
of clothing will help your lifejacket keep you afloat.
f) Even if you do board the survival craft without getting wet the
extra clothing will help to save your life while awaiting rescue.
g) COLD, not lack of food and water, is the greatest killer.
h) Don’t delay- adjustments to clothing etc., can be made on the

way, or at, the lifeboat muster station.
4.2.2 Put On Lifejacket
a) Donning instructions are given in Section 3.
b) Tie all tapes with a double bow. If they come undone later you
may be too cold to re-tie them.
c) Without a lifejacket even good swimmers will have difficulty in

staying afloat in cold water because of the disabling effects of
cold, shock and cramp.
d) A lifejacket will keep you afloat without effort or swimming no

matter how much clothing is worn. If unconscious, a lifejacket will
keep your mouth clear of water.
4.2.3 Go To Your Muster Station
a) The signal is for mustering only, it is Not The Order To Abandon

Ship - this will be given by word of mouth by the Master or his
deputy.
b) Follow the instructions given in the Emergency Station Bill for

preparing the ship’s survival craft.
c) Remember the ship itself is the best lifeboat. It may or may not be
necessary to leave the ship so only abandon ship when told to do
so.
d) Collect TPA’s and/or don immersion suits.
4.2.4 Leaving The Ship
DO NOT ABANDON SHIP UNTIL TOLD TO DO SO.

a) If at all possible, board any lifeboat or liferaft without entering
the water and getting wet to reduce the effects of COLD.
b) When the order is given- get into lifeboats at the embarkation

deck. This way you will keep dry.
c) When the order is given- launch the "throw over" liferafts.
Make sure the painter is securely fixed to the ship.
d) Instructions for launching survival craft are given in Section 5 of

this Manual.
e) DO NOT JUMP onto liferaft canopies or into lifeboats. You may

injure persons already inside or yourself.
f) Do not jump into the water unless it is essential.
g) Use overside ladders or man ropes to access survival craft.

h) If you must enter the water:
Wherever possible don immersion suits. Choose a suitable place

to leave the ship bearing in mind:
i) Drift of Ship
The ship may drift down on you faster than you can swim away.
ii) Position of any Survival Craft in the Water
Remember that the survival craft may drift much more quickly
than you can swim. If there is no survival craft available it may be
preferable to abandon the ship from the bow or stern to get clear
of the ship with more certainty. There may be difficulty in getting
clear from amidships because of the ship’s drift.
iii) The sea state.
iv) Other hazards, e.g. burning oil.
i) Unless unavoidable do not jump from higher than 6 meters into
the water bearing in mind:
i) Keep lifejacket on and securely tied, hold it down by arms

over chest.
ii) Block off nose and mouth with one hand to avoid cold water
entering.
iii) Keep feet together with legs slightly bent.
iv) Check below to avoid obstructions.
v) Jump feet first looking straight ahead. Do not look down as it
makes you liable to tumble forward.
4.3 Action When In The Water
Avoid remaining in the water for even 1 second longer than necessary.
Body heat will be lost to the water faster than it can be generated. Eventually
hypothermia results leading to unconsciousness and death. Extra clothing
and headgear will slow down the heat loss and delay the onset of
hypothermia as shown in the instructions below.
a) Get into a survival craft as quickly as possible or get clear of the ship.
The danger of being struck by wreckage surfacing from the sinking ship
is greater than the suction caused by it sinking.
b) If no survival craft is available DO NOT SWIM AIMLESSLY -
Valuable body heat will be wasted.
Float as still as possible with knees drawn up and arms at your side, to
reduce heat loss.
c) Use the whistle attached to the lifejacket to attract attention.
d) If possible form a group with other people in the water. Loop arms
through each other’s lifejackets and intertwine legs to reduce heat loss.
A group can be more easily seen than a single person in the water.
4.4 Boarding Survival Craft
a) Boarding a survival craft unaided from the water is a difficult operation.

b) Make maximum use of foot and handholds bearing in mind that, when
cold, the thigh muscles are the strongest, and can be used to exert most
leverage.
c) It may help to push yourself under the water and use the extra buoyancy
of the lifejacket to help you "bob up" higher. The same technique can be
used by those in the survival craft to assist in bringing a person on board,
on his back.
d) Persons in the water should be taken into lifeboats over the weather bow
or quarter by the same method.
4.5 First Action To Take After Boarding Survival Craft
When all persons have been embarked
4.5.1 Clear The Ship
a) In lifeboats, slip the toggle painter.

b) In liferafts, cut the painter as far from the raft as possible. A
safety knife is stowed near each entrance. The knife is designed to
prevent accidental damage.
c) Using the engine, oars or paddles, manoeuvre clear of the ship’s
side and well clear of any floating obstructions which may
damage the craft.
d) After clearing the ship, the water from the boat should be bailed
out and the internal surface should be dried.
4.5.2 Collect Together
a) Motor lifeboats or even a boat under oars should then collect all
survival craft together and carry out a search for survivors in the
water.
4.5.3 Use Sea Anchor
a) Stream the sea anchor or drogue (described in Section)5when clear of

the ship to reduce the rate of drift. Try to remain in the immediate
area of the abandoned ship.
b) When gathered together, survival craft should be made fast to
each other.
About 10 meters distance is generally sufficient to allow for wave
action. Prevent craft snatching or pulling unduly on the lines to
avoid damaging the attachment points or even overturning
inflated rafts.
c) Lifeboats should be to windward if possible and other craft
streamed astern. The sea anchor in lifeboats has superior holding
power and oil can also spread from the lifeboat’s wave oil bag to
flatten the seas.
d) The drogue on liferafts also holds the entrances across the

weather and steadies the raft.
4.5.4 Lookout
a) Post a lookout, with frequent changes so they do not get too cold.
b) The immediate duties of the lookout are to listen for whistles or
cries for help, look for other survivors in the water, signaling
lights and lights of other rafts, ships or aircraft.
c) The lookout should also report the presence of any immediate
dangers or debris which could be of use.
4.5.5 Protection
a) In liferafts, close the entrances when everyone is inside.

b) In open lifeboats, rig the exposure cover. This helps to keep out
the cold and wet and keeps in the warmth created by the
occupants.
c) Remove wet clothing, wring out and put back again. This will
reduce the loss of body heat. Don TPA’s.
d) Bail out any water. Inflate the floor of rafts for insulation against
the cold.
e) Check for damage or leaks and ventilate the liferaft by
maintaining a small opening.
4.5.6 Sea-sickness
Take sea-sickness tablets as early as possible. These are in the

equipment box.
Most people, however experienced, suffer from sea-sickness in
survival craft. This results in loss of body fluid and incapacitation.
4.5.7 Treating Injured
Maintain a clear airway to unconscious survivors, control any

bleeding.
4.5.8 Order - Leader
a) Obey orders at once.

b) An officer will normally be in charge but in his absence a leader
will have to be appointed or elected as soon as possible.
Preferably the leader should have knowledge of the craft and its use
and normally be the holder of at least a Certificate of Proficiency in
Survival Craft (CPSC).
4.5.9 Radio and EPIRB
a) If a portable radio or EPIRB is carried, start operating the

equipment as soon as possible and keep sending distress signals.
b) Remember the basic principles of survival:
■ 1st Protection
■ 2nd Location
■ 3rd & 4th Water then food
Survival is a primitive craft. Prepare to be primitive.
4.5.10 SARRT’s (Search and Rescue Radar Transponders

)
Search and Rescue Radar Transponders will show a series of dashes

on a search vessel or aircraft’s radar screen which identifies the
position of the survival craft to search ship. Sufficient time should be
given for rescue co-ordination centers to respond to an EPIRB or
distress message before activating a SARRT unless a rescue vessel/
aircraft is in view or the waters are in a high traffic density area.
4.6 Subsequent Actions In Survival Craft
4.6.1 Survival
a) It is important for morale that survivors should be kept busy and

their minds occupied consistent with reducing physical exertion
to a minimum.
b) Establish a routine for duties and set watches to cover:
■ Lookout and care of injured
■ Craft maintenance and bailing
■ Navigation, keeping records and so on
4.6.2 Roll Call and Log
a) A roll call should be made to establish the likelihood of other

survivors being found, the number available for watches, injured
and the expertise available.
b) If possible, record the circumstances leading up to abandoning the
vessel and attempt to account for as many persons as possible.
c) Thereafter, keep a log of events with times, duties organized,
rations issued, first aid given and condition of survivors.
4.6.3 Sharp Objects
Collect together and stow sharp objects or potential weapons.
4.6.4 Watches
a) Watches should be set in pairs for about one hour at a time with
one person on outside lookout and the other on watch inside the
lifeboat.
b) The person on the inside is responsible for supervising the boat
management whilst others rest. This includes attending the
injured, collecting rainwater and looking after equipment and
valuable items.
c) Depending upon the number of survivors, an engineer’s and a

helmsman’s rota should be arranged in addition to the inside and
outside watches in lifeboats.
4.6.5 Lookouts
a) Keep a sharp lookout at all times.

b) The outside lookout should be suitably dressed and protected from
the elements as well as being secured to the craft. This person is
responsible for keeping a lookout for ships, survivors, aircraft, land
and any possible dangers, as well as collecting useful debris.
c) Lookouts should be properly briefed in their duties regarding the
collection of useful debris, how to keep a lookout, sector searches
and the use of pyrotechnics, including when to use them.
d) Keep the distress signals dry but readily available.
4.6.6 Survival Instructions
All survivors should read the survival instructions contained in the

survival craft’s stores.
4.6.7 Body Functions
a) Urine retention can be dangerous, so overcome the

embarrassment as early as possible. Survivors should urinate
within the first few hours in the craft. Thereafter at least once a
day so that any harmful wastes do not build up in the body. If
retention occurs, dipping your hands in the water may help.
b) Urine will become dark and smoky after a few days in survival
craft due to reduce water intake - this is normal.
c) Urination will be increased and made easier if the water supply
can be supplemented by rainwater, dew or condensation.
d) Whenever possible survivors should also attempt a bowel
movement within the first 12-24 hours. Very little waste residue
results from eating the emergency rations in survival craft and
survivors should not worry if they become constipated.
e) No bowel movements will also prevent the loss of valuable body
water.
4.7 Injuries, Ailments and Treatment
A first aid kit is supplied with every lifeboat and liferaft. A leaflet describing
simple first aid is enclosed with each kit.
4.7.1 Shock
a) May be caused by severe bleeding, injuries, burns, infections, heat

exhaustion or may be due to nervous reaction.
b) It results in a state of collapse due to a reduction in the volume of
blood circulating in the body caused by loss of blood, serum or
fluids. The pulse becomes rapid and feeble. Dizziness, fainting and
unconsciousness can occur.
c) Control bleeding and, if possible, treat to relieve pain due to
injuries. Ensure maximum supply of blood (and oxygen) to the
brain by raising legs with patient on his back if conscious.
Reassure and encourage the patient.
d) If unconscious, place in coma position and ensure clear airway.
Prevent patient from shivering, without warming him too much.
4.7.2 Bleeding
a) Severe bleeding must be stopped as soon as possible.

b) Clear away any clothing to expose the wound and cover it with a
STANDARD DRESSING from the first aid kit. Bandage firmly
and apply firm hand pressure to the dressing, if necessary adding
more padding if bleeding continues.
c) Clean the wound before applying the dressing if it is badly
contaminated by dirt etc. Large foreign bodies can be removed
gently.
d) It is important to avoid risk of subsequent infection to the wound
by applying antiseptic cream and clean dressings as the wound
heals.
4.7.3 Burns
a) All burns provide raw tissues susceptible to infection. They may

be caused by "dry" heat such as fire, flames, sunburn, contact
with hot objects or "wet" heat from hot water or steam.
b) The larger the area of body burned the greater the shock and more
seriously ill the patient.
c) All burns are serious but if the burned area exceeds 10% of the
body surface they are dangerous. Those exceeding 33% of the
body surface are often fatal.
d) Superficial burns affecting only the outer skin layers should be
cleaned and covered with a sterile or paraffin gauze dressing.
e) Deep burns have penetrated and destroyed all the skin and burned
the underlying fat and muscle which will present a
yellowish/white appearance.
f) Wash the area thoroughly after removing any clothing covering it.
Apply clean dry dressing. Loosen dressing if swelling occurs.
g) Treat patient for shock and if conscious give small sips of fresh
water to help replace lost body fluid.
4.7.4 Broken Bones - Fractures
Unless expert medical attention is available, little can be done in the

survival craft except to immobilize the fracture with bandages, slings
or splints.
Make the patient as comfortable as possible, provide pain killing
tablets and treat for shock. Place the patient between two fit survivors if
possible to prevent movement with the rolling of the survival craft.
4.7.5 Fuel Oil Contamination
Survivors who have spent time in the water which has been
contaminated by fuel oil are likely to be affected by:
■ Swallowing the oil
■ Clogging of skin pores
■ Pollution of lungs
■ Inflammation of the eyes.
Swallowing fuel oil usually causes vomiting and it’s effect will wear
off in a few days. Milk or additional water should be given to
replace body fluid lost due to vomiting.
Oil on the skin should be cleaned off as far as possible. The skin is
unable to perspire or breathe and can be the cause of death if the
patient is totally smothered in oil.
Little can be done in the craft for a patient who has polluted his lungs
with oil fuel. It can be dangerous and lead to pneumonia. Rest,
warmth and fresh air are about the only treatment.
Eyes should be washed out and protected from bright sunlight until the
inflammation has gone.
4.7.6 Frostbite
Usually occurs at the body’s extremities - fingers, toes, ears. Wear

protective clothing if possible. Reduce lookout periods in very cold
weather, watch each other’s condition. Wriggle nose and cheek, and
exercise hands and feet to keep circulation going.
Do not massage effected area once signs of frostbite have appeared.
Warm the area by holding hand against it.
4.7.7 Sunburn
Avoid excessive exposure to the sun by keeping under cover. Keep

head, neck and other exposed areas covered. A very gradually acquired
sun tan may be beneficial.
4.7.8 Salt Water Boils
These are due to the skin becoming sodden with seawater. Do not
squeeze or burst boils.
Keep them clean and cover with a dry dressing. Keep the area as dry
as possible to avoid chafing.
4.7.9 Dry Mouth and Cracked Lips
Swill water around your mouth prior to swallowing. Suck a button.

Smear lips with cream or soft petroleum jelly.
4.7.10 Swollen Legs
This is common and due to long periods spent in a sitting position. It

will subside without treatment after rescue.
4.7.11 Immersion Foot
The feet become chilled and wet, resulting in poor circulation. It is

caused by cold and usually, but not necessarily, through immersion in
cold water.
The affected part becomes swollen and painful. Later the skin may
crack. Keep the victim warm and elevate the feet. Cover any broken
skin with clean dressings.
Keeping the craft as dry as possible and the survivors feet warm will
help to prevent the problem. Regular exercise of the knee and ankle
joints will assist in maintaining good circulation.
4.7.12 Heat-stroke or Hyperthermia
In warm or tropical climates excessive exposure to the sun and heat

can cause extremely bad cases of sunburn and hyperthermia (or heat-
stroke).
The effects of hyperthermia are similar to hypothermia except that, in
this case, the body cannot lose heat fast enough. The body core
temperature rises and eventually affects the nervous system leading to
unconsciousness and possibly death.
You must therefore protect yourself from heat by:
a) Rig exposure cover on lifeboats as protection against the sun and
raise the sides to allow a "breeze" through the craft.
b) Turn liferaft entrances into the wind to allow a breeze through the
craft. This can be done by altering the position of the drogue
attachment to the raft by pulling the drogue line round near the
entrance and making it fast.
c) Wet clothing early in the day and allow the heat to dry it out.
Contrary to popular belief, clothing as much of the body as
possible rather than being naked is cooler. Ensure clothing is dry
by nightfall when relatively much lower temperatures can be
expected, even in the tropics.
d) Do not move about more than absolutely necessary, it just makes
you hotter.
e) Splash or spray water on the exposure cover or liferaft canopy.
f) Occasional small sips of water or even damping the lips are
beneficial during the day. Salt water MUST NOT be used for this
purpose.
4.7.13 Dehydration
Normal loss of water from the body each day is at least 1 liter when
neither food nor water is taken. The body contains about 40 liters of
water of which 25 liters must be maintained for life to continue.
In theory a person would survive for at least 6 days if there was no
additional loss of water. Longer with the availability of the water
rations supplied in the craft.
Accelerated water loss from the body will be caused by:
a) Sweating due to exertion or heat.
b) Vomiting and diarrhoea.
c) Drinking urine - this contains poisonous waste products which the
body has discarded. It is of no use and urine must not be drunk.
d) Drinking sea-water - the salt in sea-water must be dissolved using
water from the body so that the kidneys can pass the salt into the
urine. This sets up a vicious circle - the more salt water is drunk
the more fresh water is taken from the body cells to dissolve the
salt. Continued drinking of sea-water is fatal.
e) Eating or sucking fish, sea birds and seaweeds - these are also
salty to a greater or lesser degree.
Seaweed and fish should NEVER be EATEN unless plentiful
resources of water is available.
Fish and birds are also salty and require that additional fresh water be
drunk. The spinal fluid of fish contains fresh water and can be safely
sucked out and drunk.
f) Smoking, as it make the person thirsty.
4.8 Location And Attracting Attention
a) Do not attempt to sail away from the area of the sinking ship. Search for
survivors will commence at the last known position of the ship.
b) Survival craft should be kept together to provide a bigger location target;
there will also be more survival aids to share.
c) Where a survival craft portable radio is available, "distress" messages
should be transmitted, following the simple instructions provided on the
equipment. Rescuers can "home in" on these signals.
d) Distress flares and rockets should be used only when a potential rescuer
is likely to be in the vicinity or can be heard or seen. If the sun is shining
the heliograph can be used to attract attention.
e) If sighted by a searching aircraft, it may be sometime before rescue is at
hand but your location will be known.
f) From the air, on a fine sunny day, the maximum distances a lifeboat or
liferaft are likely to be sighted are 8 km and 5 km respectively; slightly
less from a searching ship. These distances will be considerably reduced
in bad weather or poor visibility.
g) To attract attention of search aircraft and ships the above ranges of
visibility will be extended by the use of the signaling equipment on
board the survival craft.
These are:
i) Radio equipment up to 100 km.
Instructions in Section 5.
ii) For use by night - rockets 20-30 km and hand flares (up to 10 kin).
For use by day - orange smoke signal (up to 10 kin).
Instructions in Section 5.
iii) Heliograph.
The reflected sunlight from a heliograph mirror can be seen up to 30
km in good conditions.
In bright sunshine it is probably one of the most effective visual signals

available. Instructions for the use of a signaling mirror are included
with equipment in the survival craft.
Easiest to use when the sun is in the same direction as the target. Attempt
to flash the reflected light onto, then away from the target repeatedly.
Normally the movement of the survival craft will provide sufficient
flashing effect. Direct flashes towards the sound of an aircraft if only
the noise can be heard.
If you believe a search is in progress flash the heliograph around the
horizon at regular intervals.
iv) Signaling torch for use at night (about 5 km). A flashing light is more
likely to be sighted such as repeated flashing of the Morse signal
SOS (  --- ).
v) An oil lantern is provided in lifeboats. It can be shown as a
flashing light if put into and out of a bucket.
vi) Lights on liferafts can be visible up to 3 km.
vii) Exposure covers and canopies are designed to be highly visible
and may be sighted up to 8 km in fine weather.
viii) Retro-reflective tape will reflect the light of searchlights from
ships or aircraft (keep it clean).
ix) The whistle provided in survival craft and on lifejackets may prove
invaluable in very poor visibility and has a better range than the
human voice.
4.9 Water and Food
Water is the one essential ration for survival. Lifeboats carry 3 liters of fresh
water for each person the boat is certified to carry. Liferafts carry 1 ½ liters
for each person.
4.9.1 Issue of the Water Ration
a) No water should be issued in the first 24 hours except to sick and

injured.
b) A ration of 500m1 (½ liter) should then be issued daily. It is

recommended that the daily ration be issued in three parts: at
sunrise, mid-day and sunset, in 160 ml (6 fluid oz) lots to each
survivor.
The ration should be drunk slowly. Holding water in the mouth and
gargling before swallowing helps to get the most value from it.
c) The last day of the water ration in a liferaft will be the 4th day. If
no other water is obtained the ration should be halved on or
before day 2.
d) The last day of the water ration in a lifeboat will be the 7th day. If
no other water is obtained the ration should be halved on or
before day 3.
4.9.2 Supplementing the Water Ration
The importance of supplementing the water rations cannot be

overstressed.
If additional water can be obtained the rations in the craft should be kept
as a reserve.
Rainwater is the main source for supplementing the ration. Lookouts
should be briefed to inform survivors of impending rain so they can be
prepared to collect it.
a) In liferafts the canopy has drainage tubes leading inside through
which rainwater can be directed into containers, plastic bags,
empty water tins, etc.
Bear in mind the early rainfall will wash salt and dirt etc., from
the canopy and this should be discarded or used to further wash
the canopy down.
b) In lifeboats use whatever methods are available, in particular the
exposure cover. Pierce one or two holes and pull the cover down
to act as a catchment.
Buckets, bailers, the exposure cover bag and small containers can
all be used to store water.
c) If rainfall persists, drink as much water as possible and use excess
for personal hygiene.
Water may also condense on the underside of the liferaft canopy
or exposure cover. Collect this water with sponges or cloths used
only for that purpose and not contaminated with salt water.
4.9.3 Food
Food is not essential for survival over a short period of time. However,
it assists the body to provide energy and so economizes on water, it is
also a good morale booster.
The food in survival craft is chosen on the basis of the water used for
their breakdown in the body.
Barley sugar, glucose and biscuits are the most common survival craft
food rations.
4.9.4 Issue Of Food Rations
a) No food should be issued in the first 24 hours.

b) In liferafts the daily ration of food should be 100 - 125 gms per
person.
c) In lifeboats the daily ration should total between 170 and 225 gms
per person.
d) The daily food ration should be divided into three and issued at
the same time as the water ration.
In the case of barley sugar, milk or glucose tablets they could be
issued twice per day to be sucked or chewed between "meals".
e) It is suggested that one food container is opened at a time and the
contents counted out.
4.9.5 Supplementing The Food Ration
The sources of additional food at sea are limited to:

Fish, birds, seaweed, turtles, shellfish and possibly plankton.
It is IMPORTANT for survivors to realize that it is vital for
additional water to be available before eating these foods.
4.9.6 Fish
A basic fishing tackle is provided in all survival craft.

Most fish caught in the open sea are likely to be edible. The
dangerous types have spines, spikes, bristles or puff themselves up.
These should not be touched as their spines or flesh may contain
strong poisons.
Do not fish if sharks are near and cease all fishing if one appears.
4.9.7 Birds
All sea birds are edible although the taste may not be attractive.
4.9.8 Seaweed
Most seaweeds are edible although salty. Inspect carefully for small
fish or organisms, which may be poisonous.
4.9.9 Turtles
These offer a major source of food if they can be caught.

The beak or claws on the flippers could damage inflatable rafts and
considerable caution is necessary. In general they can be better dealt
with in lifeboats.
Pull the turtle on board, turn on it’s back and kill it by cutting it’s
throat. The blood is valuable source of nourishment and can be drunk
before it coagulates.
The meat can be dried out and any eggs mixed with emergency
rations.
5.0 Lifeboats
5.1 Lifeboat Details
Lifeboats total: one port with engine and one starboard no engine (oar)
Type:---Open type
Manufacturer: Nippon kokan kk
Size:---length overall 7.5m, width 2.3m
Capacity:25 person total 50 person
Instructions for the preparation, launching, release and recovery together

with drawings of the davits and stowage arrangements are shown on the
following pages.
Launching Instruction for lifeboat
1- Detach all lashing lines, disconnect the air winch.

2- Set bottom plugs.
3- Fasten painters and tripping lines.
4- Detach the gripe lines, remove the cradle stopper.
5- Raise the hand brake lever and lower boat to embarkation deck.
6- Launching crew boarding to lifeboat.
7- Detach the tripping lines.
8- Raise the hand brake lever and lower lifeboat to water.
9- Release the boat fall blocks.
10- Startup the boat engine and boarding all crew by ladder.
11- when the boat is waterborne pull the handle for release of the hooks.
12- Release the painters and go away.
13- Steer clear of ship
14- Prepare the sea anchor.
5.2 Lifeboat Equipment and Rations

The normal fittings and equipment of every lifeboat consist of:
1) Means to enable persons to cling to the boat if it is upturned, such as
bilge keels or keel rails, also grab lines secured from gunwale to
gunwale under the keel.
2) A lifeline becketed round the outside of the boat.
3) A rudder attached to the boat with tiller.
4) 2 Plugs for each plug hole attached by chains/lanyards (or filled screw
down valves).
5) 2 Painters. One fitted with strop and toggle (to be released from the
boat), one shackled to stem.
6) One exposure/protection cover (high visibility cover
).
7) Small ladder for use by people in the water to get into boat.
8) Set of oars and 2 spare with crutches attached to boat. (half this number in
motor boats). One steering oar with mounting crutch or strop aft.
9) Boat hook (2 in motor boats, 1 in rowing boats
).
10) Mast and sails (only in rowing boats
).
11) 2 axes, one each end of boat.
12) 1 bailer, 2 buckets, 1 manual pump.
13) ■ Sea anchor with hawser and tripping line.
■ 1 oil bag for use with sea anchor.
■ 4 ½ liters wave oil for oil bag (vegetable, fish or animal ).
oil
14) 1 compass with illumination.
15) 1 oil lamp with 12 hours oil, 2 boxes matches.
16) ■ 4 parachute rockets (Red).
■ 6 hand flares (Red).
■ 2 buoyant smoke signals (Orange)
17) 1 waterproof electric torch capable of being used for signaling with set
spare batteries and bulb.
18) 1 daylight signaling mirror (Heliograph).
19) 1 whistle or other sound signal.
20) 1 table of lifesaving signals.
21) 1 first aid outfit.
22) Food ration. A food ration to tallying not less than 10.000 kJ for each
person the lifeboat is permitted to accommodate.
23) 1 jack-knife.
24) 3 tin opener.
25) Fresh water - 3 liters of water for each person.
26) Rust proof dippers for water tanks and rust proof graduated drinking
vessel.
27) 1 set fishing tackle.
28) 2 buoyant rescue quoits, attached to not less than 30 m of buoyant line.
29) Boats with engines: ■ Fuel for 24 hours.
■ Tools for minor adjustments.
■ 1 Fire extinguishers.
■ 1 Bucket sand with scoop.
30) Radar reflector.
31) Thermal protective aids, sufficient for 10% of the lifeboat capacity or
two whichever is greater.
32) Anti-seasickness medicine sufficient for at least 48h and one
seasickness bag for each person.
33) Sea anchors of adequate size fitted with a shock-resistant hawser.
34) A survival manual
5.3 Launching Lifeboats
The order to launch the lifeboats will normally be given verbally by the
Master and it is the responsibility of each individual to know his particular
lifeboat and emergency station.
5.4 Preparing and Launching The Lifeboats
5.4.1 In Boat
■ Check plugs are in place.

■ Check loose gear is secured except for boathooks.
■ Check brake release wire is free.
5.4.2 On Deck
a) ■ Check lifting handle is not fitted in winch.

■ Remove section of guardrail and throw over boarding ladder.
■ Release the gripes by operating the slip hooks or by
operating the hydrostatic release unit. Deploy toggle painter.
b) Release handbrake, locally or by brake release wire at aft davit,
and lower to embarkation deck. Bowes boats in with bowsing
tackles and release tricing pennants.
c) Report boat ready for embarkation and when instructed by
bridge personnel may board.
d) When all personnel are on board and properly seated (with seat
belt fastened iffitted), release bowsing tackles, lift handbrake -
either manually or with remote wire - and lower boat steadily to
water.
Note: The speed of lowering is governed by the centrifugal
brake.
Once the boat is in the water - keep the brake open until the falls
have been released
.
In heavy sea or swell conditions lowering of the boat should be

stopped just clear of the water. Final lowering should be made
so that the boat enters the water on the crest of a wave. the brake
must be left open.
e) Release the falls simultaneously.
f) The person who operated the brake can now descend and board
the boat by the ladder, or if the remote brake release is used, the
painter can be released and the boat can pull away. Keep a
lookout for obstructions and survivors in water. Collect up and
keep together with any liferafts or other boats.
5.5 Recovering The Lifeboats
a) Bring the boat alongside and make fast using a suitable rope painter.
b) Allow personnel to board the ship when the boat has reached
embarkation level at drills. If the boat has been used to rescue survivors
from the water, and the boat contains more personnel than it is certified
to carry, as many able bodied persons as possible must board the ship
using ladders or scrambling nets. This is to avoid overloading the davits
and falls.
c) Lower falls with sufficient slack so they can easily be hooked on. Hook
on the forward block first if both cannot be hooked on at the same time,
making sure that the hooks are the correct way around by looking up
and ensuring that there are no twists in the falls.
d) Start the winch motor and hoist the boat back on board, making sure
that the hooks are correctly in place and not fouled.
Note: Limit switches are fitted which stop the hoist motor when the
lifeboat is approximately 150 mm from the stowed position. The
remainder of the operation must be carried out by hand, using the
handle supplied, to avoid stretching or damaging the wires.
e) When the boat is housed, refit the gripes and unship the plug.
f) Place the cradle stopper pin (safety/harbour pin
).
5.6 Lifeboats - Use Of Equipment
Information on the best use of the lifeboat facilities and actions to be taken
in order to survive are given in Section 4.
The sea anchor (drogue) and attachments supplied in the lifeboat differ
slightly from that on a liferaft.
5.6.1 Use of Sea Anchor
Each lifeboat is supplied with a sea anchor and attachments. These

consist of:
a) A square or round mouthed tapered, tubular, canvas or plastic
drogue.
This is fitted with a main bridle with shackle thimble at the large
end and a similar, smaller, rope bridle with thimble at the other
end.
b) A main "sea anchor line " (typically 25 mm diameter
) about three
times longer than the boat. This should be securely shackled to
the main bridle thimble.
c) A "tripping line " (typically 10 mm diam ) about 4 meters longer
than the main sea anchor line. This should be secured to the
bridle at the small end of the sea anchor.
d) An oil bag made of canvas or similar material, filled with a
means of filling and an endless whip secured to the main sea
anchor line or shackle.
To reduce the effect of rough breaking seas the boat equipment
contains a can of Wave Oil. This should be used to fill the oil bag
which is then attached to the sea anchor line on an endless whip as
shown in the attached sketch. Oil from the bag then seeps out and
spreads on the sea surface ahead of the craft to reduce the effect of
breaking waves. It may be necessary to alter the distance of the oil
bag from the boat to obtain the best effect.
The main sea anchor line (b) should be well protected from chaffing
where it passes into the boat; a careful watch on the sea anchor must
be maintained.
To recover the sea anchor, heave in on the tripping line (c); this will
cause the drogue to collapse and reduce the water pressure on it. The
sea anchor can then be hauled back on board using the tripping line.
If a long period of bad weather is expected it will probably be
necessary to refill the oil bag with Wave Oil several times.
Using the heaving lines in the boat’s equipment, reeve one through
the main bridle shackles on the sea anchor and bring both ends back
on board.
An endless whip is now available to which the oil bag can be
secured. This is hauled out towards the sea anchor, after filling with
oil, and similarly can be hauled back on board for refilling without
disturbing the sea anchor.
Note: The sea anchor can be rigged either over the bow or stern of the
boat. It is preferable to use it over the bow if the boat can be turned into
the weather and sea. When used this way, the steering oar or rudder can
also be used to assist in steering the boat into the weather and reduce
any tendency to sheer on the sea anchor line.
5.7 Rescue boat
Number: 2 port side
Type:Open type life boat
Nippon kokan kk
Manufacturer:
Capacity:25 person
Engine Type:yanmar 1 cyl. Diesel sv80 7.5 hp

6.0 Liferafts
6.1 Liferaft Particulars
Liferaft total:2
Capacity:25 persons per one life raft
6.2 Inflatable Liferafts Operating Instructions
See following 3 pages

6.3 Launching Instructions
a) Ensure painter made fast to strong point i.e. hydrostatic release unit.
b) Release securing arrangement, and throw liferaft over side.
c) Pull painter to its full extent and inflate liferaft.
d) Pull raft alongside and throw over nearest boarding ladder.
e) When order given, board liferaft.
f) When all personnel on board, cut painter and move clear of vessel.
Launching instructions must be displayed adjacent to the stowage position for
each liferaft.
6.4 Liferaft Equipment and Rations
The normal equipment of every Liferaft shall consist of:

a) 1 buoyant rescue quoit, attached to 30m of buoyant line.
b) 1 knife of the non-folding type having a buoyant handle and lanyard
attached and stowed in a pocket on the exterior of the canopy near the point
at which the painter is attached to the liferaft.
c) For a liferaft which is permitted to accommodate not more than 12 persons,
one buoyant bailer. For a liferaft which is permitted to accommodate 13
persons or more, two buoyant bailers.
d) 2 sponges.
e) 2 sea-anchors each with a shock resistant hawser and tripping line, one
being spare and the other permanently attached to the liferaft.
f) 2 buoyant paddles.
g) 3 tin openers.
h) 1 first-aid outfit in a waterproof case.
i) 1 whistle.
j) 4 rocket parachute flares.
k) 6 hand flares.
l) 2 buoyant smoke signals.
m) 1 waterproof electric torch suitable for Morse signaling with one spare set of
batteries and one spare bulb in a waterproof container.
n) An efficient radar reflector or survival craft radar transponder.
o) 1 daylight-signalling mirror with instructions on its use.
p) 1 copy of the life-saving signals.
q) 1 set of fishing tackle.
r) A food ration for each person: these rations are to be kept in airtight
packaging and be stowed in a watertight container.
s) A total of 1.5 liters of fresh water for each person the liferaft is permitted to
accommodate.
t) 1 rustproof graduated drinking vessel.
u) 6 doses of anti-seasickness medicine and one seasickness bag for each
person the liferaft is permitted to accommodate, sufficient for 48 hours.
v) Instructions on how to survive.
w) Instructions for immediate action.
x) 2 thermal protective aids (TPA’s).
6.5 Liferaft Maintenance
Liferafts should never be hosed down during deck washing. Regular washing
with fresh water is recommended provided that unnecessary wetting is avoided.
Liferafts should be handled carefully whenever they are placed on or removed
from their stowage positions. They must not be rolled or dropped.
Each liferaft on board must be landed to an approved service agent annually.
6.5.1 Hydrostatic Release Unit (HRU)
Every HRU on board must be serviced annually. Those HRU’s of the

disposable or non-servicing type must be replaced every two years. It is
vitally important that every liferaft is correctly secured to the vessel via
the HRU.
7.0 Radio Installations
7.1 Lifeboat Radio
Radio make:ICOM_S55V
Model:GMDSS
Serial № .:---
3
Number on board:
MULTI CHANNEL
Frequencies: 500 KHz, 2182 KHz, 8364 KHz
7.1.1 Walkie Talkie
Number on board:3 nos

Manufacturer: Standard Horizon
Model:submersible
multi channels
Frequencies:Marine VHF all marine channels
Diagrams of radios are shown in the following pages.
Lifeboat Radio
GMDSS Emergency Radio

7.2 Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacons (EPIRB’s)
The vessel carries at least one float-free EPIRB. In addition, some vessels
may carry extra EPIRB’s for use with survival craft. These differences are due
to the choices available to the industry before the carriage of this equipment
became mandatory in July 1991.
Masters must ensure that all Officers and Ratings know the position of each
EPIRB
on board the vessel and are familiar with the methods of operation, including
the consequences of misuse and the purpose for carrying this equipment.
The following are information on the EPIRB’s carried:
Float-Free COSPAS SARSAT EPIRB
Type:
Model:
Frequencies:
Position on board:
Class:
7.3 Search And Rescue Radar Transponders (SARRT’s)
The vessel is supplied with SARRT’s. The Master must ensure that all
Officers and Ratings know the position of each SARRT on board the vessel
and are familiar with the methods of operation, including the consequences
of misuse and the purpose for carrying this equipment
The following are information on the SARRT’s carried:
Number of SARRTs on board: 2 nos
Position on board: Bridge

Mc MURDO
Manufacturer:
Type:RT9-3
Frequency:9.2-9.5 GHz
8.0 Pyrotechnics
These consist of rocket parachute flares, hand flares and buoyant smoke
signals and these are shown in detail in the attached manufacturer’s
instructions.
8.1 The Vessel’s Pyrotechnics
a) Parachute Signal, Red 12 nos.

b) Hand Flare, Red nil
c) Buoyant Smoke Signals 8 nos
8.2 Lifeboat Pyrotechnics
a) Parachute Signal, Red

b) Hand Flares, Red
c) Buoyant Smoke Signals, Organe
8.3 Liferaft Pyrotechnics
a) Parachute Signals, Red 4 pcs./each

b) Hand Flares, Red 6 pcs./each
c) Buoyant Smoke Signals 2 pcs./each
Instructions for use of pyrotechnics (parachute signals, red hand flares and
buoyantsmoke signals) are shown in the following pages.
Instruction to Use Parachute Signals
1. Remove top cap
2. Remove Bottom cap and safety pin to release tripper
3. Hold signal firmly ready to fire
4. Aim dowwing, fire vertically. Push tripper lever upwards

Instruction to Use Hand Flares
1. Point downing. Pull ribbed handle to release spigot from safety gate.
2. Rotate handle until arrow marks align
3. Strike handle sharply with palm or hand surface

Instruction to Use Smoke Signals
1. Pull out safety pin
2. Pull out igniting ring
3. After smoking, throw on the sea

8.4 Instructions for Using Pyrotechnics
Although all pyrotechnics necessarily contain materials which generate

considerable heat, approved pyrotechnics are tested to very high standards.
They are safe and easy to use if the following simple points are observed:
a) Learn by heart the purpose of the pyrotechnic devices you carry and
know how and when to use them.
b) Follow the manufacturer’s instructions exactly to obtain optimum
performance.
c) Carefully read the operating instructions on each label and memorize
them for future use. Remember - time saved in an emergency can save
lives.
d) Store all pyrotechnics in a secure, cool and dry place but make sure they
will be accessible in an emergency. Make sure their whereabouts,
together with operating instructions, are known to all who may need to
use them.
e) Never use pyrotechnics for fun. It is foolish to do so and can also be
illegal. They should only be used for their designed purpose.
f) Never fire time expired pyrotechnics. It may seem harmless to disregard
the manufacturer’s recommendations but performance may not be as
required if this important point is ignored.
g) A WORD OF WARNING. In the event of a signal failing to operate
maintain it in a firing position for at least thirty seconds. After this time if
it still has not operated remove end caps and either place in a bucket of
water or throw into the sea. End caps must be removed to allow water to
penetrate thus rendering the signal harmless.
8.5 Disposal of Out-Of-Date Pyrotechnics
Out-of-date pyrotechnics must be disposed of ashore by one of the following

means:
a) Returning them to the supplier, directly or via their local representative.
b) Requesting a liferaft service station to accept any of the ship’s out-of-date
pyrotechnics when liferafls are being sent ashore for servicing; liferaft
service station deal with the disposal of expired pyrotechnics on a regular
basis and have arrangements locally to do this.
c) Contacting the local authorities who will be able to arrange disposal
through a military establishment.
d) The firing of distress signals in any situation other than distress is an
offence. Expired pyrotechnics must not be used at sea for tests or practice
purposes or used on land as fireworks, and should be landed ashore as
soon as possible after their date of expiry.
9.0 Illumination in Launching Areas

Lighting and emergency lighting of muster station and boats/rafts boarding
station are shown in the following plan.
10.0 Rescue - Methods And Signals
10.1 Use Of Rocket Line Throwing Apparatus & Shore Breeches Buoy
a) Should lives be in danger and the vessel is in a position where rescue by

the rocket rescue equipment is possible, a rocket with line attached will
be fired from the shore across the vessel. Get hold of this line as soon as
you can. When you have got hold of it, signal to the shore as indicated
below.
b) Should the vessel carry a line-throwing appliance, it may be preferable to
use this and fire a line ashore, but this should not be done without first
consulting the rescue brigade service/party on shore. If this method is
used, the rocket line may not be of sufficient strength to haul out the whip
and jackstay and those on shore will secure it to a stouter rocket line.
When this is done, they will signal as indicated below. On seeing the
signal, haul in the line which was fired from the vessel until the stouter line
is on board.
c) Then, when the rocket line is held, make the appropriate signal to the shore
and proceed as follows:
i) When you see the appropriate signal, i.e. "haul away", made from
the shore, haul upon the rocket line until you get a tail block with an
endless fall rope through it (called the w" hip"), and with a jackstay
attached to the becket of the tail block.
ii) Cut or cast off the rocket line and make the tail block fast, close up
the mast or other convenient position, bearing in mind that the fall
should be kept clear from chafing any part of the vessel. Before
cutting or casting off the rocket line, make sure that you have the
tail attached to the block is made fast, signal to the shore again.
iii) As soon as this signal is seen, the shore party will then set the jackstay
taut, and by means of the whip will haul the breeches buoy out to the
ship. The person to be rescued should get in to the breeches buoy
and sit well down. When he is secure he should signal again to the
shore. The men on shore will haul the person in the breeches buoy
to the shore. When he is landed the empty breeches buoy will be
hauled back to the ship. This operation will be repeated until all
persons are landed.
iv) During the course of the operations should it be necessary to signal,
either from the ship to the shore or from the shore to the ship to "slack
away" or "avast hauling" this should be done as indicated below.
d) It may sometimes happen that the state of the weather and/or the
condition or position of the ship will require the aforementioned
procedures to be modified. Where this is the case, the rescue
brigade/service/party will always attempt to advise you of the
procedures to be followed.
e) All rescue services are equipped with VHF radio and rescue operations,
as a whole, it will be greatly facilitated if communication with the
rescue service is established on VHF Channel 16, as soon as possible.
In the absence of radio communications the system of signaling
indicated below must be strictly followed. However, if communication
by flashing light is necessary, a large majority of rescue services have
trained signalmen.
f) Normally, all women, children, passengers and helpless persons should
be landed before the crew of the vessel but there may be occasions
when, perhaps due to communication difficulties between the casualty
and the rescue company ashore, it would be sensible if the first person
to be landed were a responsible member of the ship’s crew. If possible
he should take a ship’s portable radio (walkie-talkie) a crew list and
details of any hazards etc.
g) Signals to be employed in connection with the use of shore life-saving
apparatus are displayed on the bridge and are provided in the survival
craft.
10.2 Ship To Ship Use Of Line Throwing Apparatus
a) Where an assisting ship proposes to establish communications by

means of a line-throwing apparatus she should ascertain whether or not
it is safe for her to fire the rocket, particularly if the other ship is a
tanker, before making her final approach. If it is safe she should
manoeuvre to Windward before firing over the other ship’s deck. If not,
she should go to Leeward and prepare to receive a line. Extreme
Caution must be exercised when firing line-throwing rockets between
ships when helicopters are in the vicinity.
b) When a vessel in distress is carrying petrol aviation spirit or other
highly flammable liquid and is leaking, the following signals should be
exhibited to show that it is dangerous to fire a line-carrying rocket due
to the risk of ignition:
■ By day - Flag 3 of the International Code of Signals hoisted at the
masthead.
■ By night - A red light hoisted at the masthead.
In poor or reduced visibility the above signals should be supplemented
by the use of the following International Code of Signals on the ship’s
whistle:
GU (--.. .--) "It is not safe to fire a rocket

".
10.3 Helicopter Rescue Operations
10.3.1 Helicopter Rescue Gear
Helicopters are frequently used for maritime rescue.

The Master should ensure that the vessel is steady on a course such
that the relative wind is 30º on the bow.
The following are basic guidelines for use in such operations.
DO NOT touch the winchman, stretcher or winch hook until it has
been earthed.
DO NOT secure any lines passed down from helicopter.
DO NOT fire rockets or use line-throwing appliances in vicinity
of helicopter.
DO NOT transmit on the vessel’s main radio whilst winching is in
progress
DO NOT shine light at the helicopter at night.
DO steer with wind 30º on:
■ Port bow if rescue area is aft.
■ Starboard bow if rescue area is forward.
DO clear rescue area, secure all loose gear and remove all
aerials.
DO fly flag (illuminated at night
) to indicate wind direction.
DO illuminate rescue area at night.
DO wear rubber gloves when handling winch wire.
One of the following rescue methods may be employed:
a) The helicopter may land on deck.
b) A helicopter crewman may be lowered on a wire with a strop
which is secured to the survivor - both are then winched back to
the helicopter.
c) The strop only may be lowered for the survivor to don himself.
10.3.2 Use Of Strop
To use strop:
a) Grasp strop and put arms and head through loop.
b) Ensure padded part is as high as possible with two straps coming
under armpits and up in front of face.
c) Pull toggle down as far as possible.
d) When ready look up and put one arm out and give "thumb up"
sign.
e) Put arms down beside body.
f) When winched up alongside helicopter door, follow the
instructions given by the craft’s crew, Exactly.
10.3.3 High Line Technique
In bad weather it may not be possible to lower strop on deck, in

which case a rope extension will be lowered on deck and crew should
haul in slack as winch wire is paid out. Rope should be coiled on
deck. Do Not Make Fast.
When strop is reached use as explained previously and when being
hoisted tend rope extension until end is reached.
If the survivor is injured a rigid framed stretcher is lowered. This has
straps which are to be properly secured to prevent the casualty falling
out.
10.4 Rescue Signals
Response signals from shore or airborne rescue services are shown on a poster,
displayed in prominent part of the bridge.
11.0 Lifesaving Appliances (LSA) - Maintenance Checklists
11.1 Weekly
1. All survival craft, rescue boats and launching appliances must be

visually inspected.
2. Grease davit pivots, sliding surfaces and sheaves.
3. Lifeboat engine, running test (minimum 3 minutes if design and ambient
temperature allow
).
4. General emergency alarm test.
5. Lifejackets inspection at drills.
6. Check lifeboat main and emergency lights, grease base pivots.
7. Check two-way radiotelephone apparatus.
8. Check portable radio apparatus with dummy antenna.
9. Check vessel’s emergency transmitter, receiver, auto alarms and 2182kHz
watchkeeping receivers, EPIRBs and SARRT’s.
10. Inspect all liferaft valises and stowage arrangements. Ensure that painter
and hydrostatic release units are correctly rigged.
1. Boats to be lowered to embarkation deck.

2. Falls, grease parts in contact with sheaves.
3. Check lifeboat davit limit switches.
4. Check signaling lamp and emergency supply.
5. Check if lifeboat launching instructions are clearly posted.
6. Check if lifejacket, immersion suit, thermal protective aid and donning
instructions are posted.
11.3 Monthly
1. Check lifeboat equipment and food.

2. Check lifebuoys’ self-igniting lights.
3. Inspect ropework of lifeboat and embarkation ladders.
4. Open and air sea anchor and sails.
5. Check condition of immersion suits and thermal protective aids.
6. Operate manually liferaft quick release fittings.
7. Safety equipment store: check contents and report missing items.
8. Check pumproom means of escape trunking and lifelines.
9. Pumproom bilge alarm: check operation.
10. Grease watertight doors, air ducts, dogs.
11. Check condition of oxygen meter/gas meter/.
1. Launch lifeboats and manoeuvre them in the water with their crews.
2. Test correct operation of hook release.
3. Lifeboat fresh water tank, flush and refill.
4. Check lifeboat engine spares and tools.
11.5 Annually
1. Change lifeboat engine lubricating oil.

2. Inflatable liferafts yearly service.
3. Hydrostatic release units for liferafls service.
4. Overhaul inspection of lifeboat engines, winches and brakes.
11.6 Every Two Years
1. Lifeboat falls, turn end for end (max interval 30 months

).
2. Renew liferaft hydrostatic release units (those of the disposable, non-
servicing type
).
11.7 Every Three Years
1. Renew drugs in first aid kit.

2. Renew all pyrotechnics.
1. Renew combined rations.

2. Test of enclosed lifeboats air cylinders.
3. Renew lifeboat falls, unless made of stainless steel.
11.9 Maintenance of Records
Chapter III, Regulation 52 of SOLAS 1974 (as amended) gives details on the
instructions for on board maintenance. The text of this regulation is
reproduced below and Masters are to be guided accordingly.
Instructions for on board maintenance of lifesaving appliances shall be easily
understood, illustrated wherever possible, and, as appropriate shall include
the following for each appliance:
1. A checklist for use when carrying out the inspections required by
Regulation 19.7.
2. Maintenance and repair instructions.
3. Schedule of periodic maintenance.
4. Diagram of lubrication points with the recommended lubricants.
5. List of replaceable parts.
6. List of sources of spare parts.
7. Log for records of inspections and maintenance.
11.9.1 Records Checklist
1. BI-weekly operation of lifeboat engine.

2. BI-weekly operation of two-way radiotelephone apparatus.
3. BI-weekly operation of portable radio apparatus, emergency
transmitter, receiver, auto alarms, watch-keeping receiver,
EPIRBs and SARTS.
4. Every three Months inspection of all lifeboat equipment.
5. Every three months manoeuvre lifeboats in water with their
crews.
6. Every year lifeboats should be inspected by an approval
authority as well as quick releases, lifeboat extinguishers EPIRB
batteries.
7. Every 30 months turn falls end for end.
8. Every three years, first aid kit renewal.
9. Pyrotechnics renewal (every 3 years)
10. Every five years renew combined rations.
11. Every five years renew lifeboat falls unless the falls are made of
stainless steel. Stainless steel falls must be inspected for wear
along their entire length before authorizing continued use.
12. In cases when there is crew change where more than 25% of the
crew are changed there must be a lifeboat drill within 24 hours of
the new crew members joining the vessel.
12.0 Fire Fighting
12.1 Theory Of Fire Fighting
To control or prevent the possibility of fire all crew members must be aware
of the elements required to create combustion. The three elements involved
(fuel, heat and oxygen
) are often shown as the three sides of a triangle. These
three components are inter-dependent on each other and therefore if any one
of the components is removed combustion cannot take place.
Also if any one of the three components is reduced below an established value,
combustion will not be possible.
Therefore fires can be controlled and extinguished by the removal of heat,
fuel or air and the main aim when lighting a fire is to reduce the
temperature, remove the fuel and/or exclude the supply of oxygen.
12.2 Types Of Fire
12.2.1 Combustible Material Fires
Examples of such fires are bedding, clothing, furnishing, wood,

canvas rope and paper fires.
Cooling by large quantities of water, or the use of extinguishing
agents containing a large proportion of water, is of primary
importance when fighting fires of such combustible material. Cooling
the source and surrounding area should continue long enough to
prevent any possibility of re-ignition.
12.2.2 Liquid Petroleum Fires
Foam is an efficient agent for extinguishing most liquid petroleum

fires. It should be applied so as to flow evenly and progressively over
the burning surface, avoiding undue agitation. This can best be
achieved by directing the foam jet against any vertical surface adjacent
to the fire, both in order to break the force of the jet and to build up an
unbroken smothering blanket. If there is no vertical surface the jet
should be advanced in oscillating sweeps with the wind, taking care to
avoid plunging it into the liquid. Foam spray streams, while limited in
range, are also effective.
Volatile oil fires of limited size can be extinguished by water fog or
water spray if the whole of the burning surface is accessible. The
surface of the liquid transfers its heat rapidly to the water droplets
which present a very large cooling surface and the flame can be
extinguished with advancing and oscillating sweeps of fog or spray
across the whole width of the fire.
Any oil fire which has been burning for some time is more difficult
to extinguish with water, since the oil will have been heated to a
progressively greater depth and cannot readily be cooled to a point
where it ceases to give off gas. Furthermore, the use of a water jet
may spread the burning oil by splashing or overflow. Spreading can
also occur through agitation of the oil caused by violent boiling of the
water. Water should only be applied to oil fires as a spray or fog,
although jets of water can play a valuable role in cooling hot
bulkheads and tank walls.
The best way of dealing with such fires in tanks is by means of a
smothering agent, such as foam, carbon dioxide, or in some cases dry
chemical, coupled if possible with sealing off the tank and cooling
adjacent areas or spaces.
The risk of re-ignition of a liquid petroleum fire must be borne
constantly in mind. Having extinguished such a fire, a watch should
be maintained and fire fighting equipment and personnel kept in a
state of immediate readiness.
12.2.3 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Fires
Fires involving escaping liquefied petroleum gas should, where

possible, be extinguished by stopping the gas flow. If the flow of gas
cannot be stopped it may be safer to allow the fire to continue to
burn, at the same time using water spray to cool and control the effect
of radiant heat.
Extinguishing the flame may result in a wide spread of unignited gas
and subsequent wider spread of flame if it is re-ignited.
In order to reach and close the valve controlling the flow of gas it may
be necessary to extinguish flames from small leaks in its vicinity. In
this case dry powder extinguishers should be used.
Water jets should never be used directly into a liquefied petroleum
gas fire. Foam will not extinguish such fires.
12.2.4 Electrical Equipment Fires
These may be caused by short circuit, over heating or the spreading

of a fire from elsewhere. The immediate action should be to isolate
the equipment and a non-conductive agent, such as carbon dioxide or
dry chemical, should then be used to extinguish the fire.
12.3 Extinguishing Agents
12.3.1 Cooling Agents
a) Water
Water is the most common cooling agent. This is largely because
water possesses very good heat absorbing qualities and is available in
ample quantities at terminals and on ships.
A water jet, although excellent for fighting fires involving
combustible materials, should not be used on burning oil, or on
burning cooking oil or fat in galleys, because of the danger of
spreading the fire.
Water spray and water fog may be used effectively against oil fires and
for making a screen between the fire fighter and the fire.
Owing to the danger of electrical shock, water should not be directed
towards any electrical equipment.
A wetting agent may be added to water when it is to be used on

tightly packed combustible materials. This has the effect of lowering
its surface tension and thus increasing its effective penetration.
b) Foam
Foam has a limited heat absorbing effect and should not normally be
used for cooling.
12.3.2 Smothering Agents
a) Foam
Foam is an aggregation of small bubbles, of lower specific gravity
than oil or water, which flows across the surface of a burning liquid
and forms a coherent smothering blanket. It will also reduce the
surface temperature of the liquid by the absorption of some heat.
Foam applicators should be directed away from liquid petroleum
fires until any water in the system has been flushed clear.
Foam should not come into contact with any electrical equipment.
Foam concentrates may deteriorate with time depending on the
storage conditions. Storage at high temperatures and in contact with
air will cause sludge and sediment to form. This may affect the
extinguishing ability of the expanded foam. Samples of the foam
concentrate should therefore be returned periodically to the
manufacturer for testing and evaluation.
b) Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide is an excellent smothering agent for extinguishing

fires, when used in conditions where it will not be widely diffused.
Carbon dioxide is therefore effective in enclosed areas such as
machinery spaces, pumprooms and electrical switch rooms where it
can penetrate into places that cannot be reached by other means. On
an open deck or jetty area carbon dioxide is comparatively
ineffective.
Carbon dioxide does not damage delicate machinery or instruments
and, being a non-conductor, can be used safely on or around
electrical equipment.
Due to the possibility of static electricity generation, carbon dioxide
should not be injected into any space containing a flammable
atmosphere which is not on fire.
Carbon dioxide is asphyxiating and cannot be detected by sight or
smell. No one should enter confined or partially confined spaces.
Carbon dioxide must be fully ventilated before entry without
breathing apparatus.
c) Steam
Steam is inefficient as a smothering agent because of the substantial

delay that may occur before sufficient air is displaced to render the
atmosphere incapable of supporting combustion. Steam should not be
injected into any space containing an unignited flammable atmosphere
due to the possibility of static electricity generation.
d) Sand
Sand is relatively ineffective as an extinguishing agent and is only
useful on small fires on hard surfaces. Its basic use is to dry up small
spills.
12.3.3 Flame Inhibitors
Flame inhibitors are materials which interfere chemically with the

combustion process, and thereby extinguish the flames. However
cooling or removal of fuel is necessary if re-ignition is to be
prevented.
a) Dry Chemical Powder
Dry chemical powder is discharged from an extinguisher as a free

flowing cloud. It is most effective in dealing initially with a fire
resulting from an oil spill on a jetty or on the deck of a tanker but can
also be used in confined spaces. It is especially useful on burning
liquids escaping from leaking pipelines and joints. It is a non-
conductor and therefore suitable for dealing with electrical fires. It
must be directed into the flames.
Dry chemical powder has a negligible cooling effect and affords no
protection against re-ignition, arising, for example, from the presence
of hot metal surfaces.
Certain types of dry chemical powder can cause a breakdown of a foam
blanket and only those labeled "foam compatible " should be used in
conjunction with foam.
b) Vaporizing Liquids (Halon)
Vaporizing liquids, like dry chemical powder, have a flame inhibiting

effect and also have a slight smothering effect. There are a number of
different liquids available, all halogenated hydrocarbons, often
identified by a system of halon numbers.
The halons are most effective in enclosed spaces such as computer
centers, storage rooms, tanker engine or pumprooms, generator
enclosures and similar locations.
All halons are considered to be toxic to some degree because contact
with hot surfaces and flame causes them to break down, yielding
toxic substances. All personnel should therefore evacuate the area
where halons are to be used, although it is possible to start the
discharge of halons before the evacuation is complete as the normal
concentrations encountered in extinguishing fires are acceptable for
brief periods. After the fire has been extinguished the area should be
thoroughly ventilated. If it is necessary to enter the area before
ventilating, suitable breathing apparatus should be used.
Carbon tetrachloride should not be used as it is highly toxic.

The Company is aware of international legislation on phasing out the
use of halon as a fire extinguishing medium. This section is included
for information only as exhausted halon extinguishers MUST NOT be
refilled; halon extinguishers shall be replaced by another suitable fire
extinguisher and the Company advised of the matter.
13.0 Fire Fighting Equipment
13.1 Operational Readiness

All fire fighting systems and appliances should at all times be in good order
and available for immediate use while the ship is in service.
If a fire fighting system is under repair, then suitable arrangements should be
made to ensure safety is not impaired.
13.2 Maintenance
On board maintenance of fire fighting systems should include the following:
a) List of replaceable parts
b) Log for records or inspections and maintenance
c) Deficiencies and the targeted rectification dates
13.3 Fireman’s Outfit
Each vessel shall carry a minimum of two fireman’s outfits as detailed below.
Masters are expected to be familiar with requirements for the carriage of this
equipment and shall therefore ensure that the correct number of outfits are
carried and ready for immediate use. Please refer to Section 14 for the
frequency of inspections and the maintenance of appropriate records.
13.3.1 Equipment Checklist
Each fireman’s outfit on board shall consist of:

a) Personal equipment comprising:
■ Protective clothing of material to protect the skin from the heat

radiating from the fire and from burns and scalding by steam.
The outer surface shall be water-resistant.
■ Boots and gloves of rubber or other electrically nonconducting
material.
■ A safety helmet.
■ An electric safety lamp (hand lantern) of an approved type with a
minimum burning period of three hours.
■ An axe.
b) A self-contained compressed-air-operated breathing apparatus, the
volume of air contained in the cylinders shall be at least 1,200 liters
and capable of functioning for at least 30 minutes. Two spare
cylinders for each set shall be carried.
c) For each breathing apparatus a fireproof lifeline capable of being
attached to the safety harness by means of a snaphook.
d) Separate safety harness.
13.3.2 Breathing Apparatus (BA)
Number:3 sets
Extra cylinder:3 bottels
Mask:3 set
13.3.3 Breathing Apparatus (BA) Manufacturer’s Data
SCA POSITIVE RESPIRATOR, a self-contained compressed air

Breathing Apparatus is exceptionally easy to operate and maintain
and is designed with extreme simplicity, to enable the wearer to
obtain air from the cylinder in order to work in toxic environments.
A slight positive pressure will at all times be maintained in the face-

mask to eliminate any inward leakage.
Especially this SCA Set is equipped with all conditions to enable

Heat-Resistant Clothing (One Piece Type SCA 1202
) to be worn onto.
Its features include:
 As designed for hung up user’s back. This set is used with Fire
Approach Suit (SCA 1202) to give maximum protection.
 Low purchase price
 Maximum reliability with a minimum of maintenance
Use:  Saving, a life and extinguishing works for special service.
Total weight: about 14 kg, cylinder weight 8.2 kg, volume 1200ℓ at
atmosphere pressure, operating time 30~40 minutes (8ℓ cylinder)
Structural device:Air Cylinder, Pressure gauge, Face-mask, Alarm,

Pressure regulator, A-frame system.
Cylinder Spec.
Division 2 Type 4 Type 6 Type 8 Type
Cylinder Capacity (ℓ) 2 4 6 8

(150kg/cm2ℓ)
300 600 900 1200
Maximum Air Capacity
13.3.4 BA Donning/Functional Check
The operator, assisted by his controller, should don the apparatus as

follows:
a) Remove the facemask from its stowage clip and place the neck
strap over the head so allowing the facemask to hang on the chest.
The neck strap must always be outside the operator’s clothing and
not in contact with the skin.
b) Release the apparatus securing bands and pass the right arm
through the right shoulder strap; lift the apparatus clear of the
locker and pass the left arm through the left shoulder strap.
c) Adjust the shoulder strap by pulling backwards towards the

cylinder, then fasten the waist belt and chest strap. Do not over
tighten the shoulder straps otherwise the waist belt may be too
high.
d) Select negative pressure mode using the change over knob.
e) Open the cylinder valve fully. The warning whistle should sound
briefly. If the whistle is not heard then shut the valve, select
positive pressure mode and reduce pressure in the HP air hose to
43 bar. If the whistle still does not operate it is defective and this
fact must be reported to the BA coordinator.
f) Select negative pressure mode and then open the cylinder valve.
Should the air then leak from the demand valve the apparatus is
faulty and must not be used. The BA coordinator is to be
informed.
g) The BA controller removes and retains the control armband and

records the set number and the operator’s name on the control
panel.
13.3.5 BA Control Board
A BA. control board must be kept to ensure that persons wearing BA

are properly accounted for by providing a record of entry time bottle
pressure and estimated exit time.
13.3.6 Breathing Apparatus Communications
Once fire-fighting or a rescue team wearing breathing apparatus (BA)

enter an emergency area, the following actions are initiated:
1) A gauge reading is taken.
2) A BA. control board is positioned in fresh air at the entry point.
3) A signaling/life line is attached to the leader for communication
purposes.
Signaling
By the wearer of the BA or smoke helmet:

■ One pull - more air required (bellows only).
■ Two pulls - slack off the line.
■ Three pulls - help me immediately.
To the wearer of BA or smoke helmet:
■ Three pulls - come out immediately.
13.4 Fire Extinguishing
Every vessel is fitted with both portable and fixed fire extinguishing
apparatus.
13.4.1 Portable Fire Extinguishers
All crewmembers are required to become familiar with every type of

portable fire extinguisher carried on board the vessel. The
following are details, including extinguishers in lifeboats:
Type of Extinguisher Number on board

Sand box ---
Portable foam applicator 1
CO2 portable extinguisher 1
Dry power portable extinguisher 1
Foam portable extinguisher 11
Foam portable extinguisher (10 gal) ----
Dry power portable extinguisher (45 kg) ---
Fire damper in vent duct ---
The Master must ensure that all crewmembers receive the appropriate
training in the operation of each type of extinguisher on board and
the type of fire to use each one on. Every portable fire extinguisher
on board must be discharged at least once in every two years and
records shall be maintained. Every extinguisher on board must be
numbered, place and type along with its last date of service be
recorded (overhaul and pressure test
).
The various fire extinguishers on board and the types of fire each can
be used on are included below.
13.4.2 Fixed Fire Extinguishing Systems
All Officers are required to become fully conversant with the operation
procedures for fixed fire extinguishing systems.
a) Fixed CO2 fire extinguishing system:
Space protected by the system : main engine scavenging

space
b) Water sprinkler system: Not applicable
Space protected by the system
Position of nozzles
13.5 Fire Hoses, Hydrants, Nozzles and Accessories
13.5.1 Fire Hoses and Hydrants
The number and location of fire hoses on board is governed by SOLAS.

The Master shall ensure that the vessel has the correct number on board
and ready for immediate use at all times. Every fire hose on board
must be tested under pressure at least annually and a record of each
test maintained. The numbering of fire hose boxes and hydrants helps
with the required record keeping of spare hoses and hydrant spare parts
which must be carried and stowed in a suitable locker on board.
8 nos
Total number of hydrants on board:
Location Size Number

Accommodation --- ----
Deck 2 inch 6
New Accommodation --- ---
Engine Room 2 nich 2
9Nos
Total number of hoses on board:
Size of hoses:2"
13.5.2 Fire Hose Nozzles
Every hose/hydrant shall be fitted with the proper nozzles. All

crewmembers are required to be familiar with the type of nozzles
carried on board and drilled in the application of each type.
The Master shall ensure that each hose has the appropriate coupling
to ensure that all nozzles and hoses are compatible with one another.
Total number of fire nozzles on board: 9 pcs 2"
Number and size of jet/spray and shut-off ----

Number and size of jet/spray ----
Number and size of jet and shut-off 10 pcs 2 "
Other nozzles ----
13.6 International Shore Fire Connection
Every vessel must carry at least one International Shore Fire Connection. The
connection shall be kept aboard the ship together with a gasket or any
material suitable for 1.0 N/mm2 services.
Standard dimensions of flanges for the international shore connection are in
accordance with the following table:
Description Dimension
Outside diameter 178
Inside diameter 64
Bolt circle diameter 132
Slots in flange A holes 19 mm in diameter spaced equidistantly on a bolt circle
of the above diameter, slotted to the flange periphery
Flange thickness 14.5 mm minimum
Bolts and nuts 4, each of 16 mm diameter, 50 mm in length
13.7 Fire Flaps, Dampers, Electrical Stops And Quick Closing Devices
13.7.1 Fire Flaps Dampers
All Officers are required to be familiar with the checklists detailing

which flaps and/or dampers must be closed in the event of fire in
specified compartments or zones.
All fire flaps and dampers shall be operated at maximum intervals of
one month and their maintenance shall be incorporated into the
vessel’s greasing programme.
13.7.2 Electrical Stops and Quick Closing Devices
All Officers are required to be familiar with the location and purpose
of these devices. The crew must be given appropriate training in this
regard and warned of the effects of unauthorized operation.
13.8 Main Fire Pump

All Officers and Senior Ratings are required to be conversant with the starting
and operating procedures for the main fire pump.
Maker: NANIWA pump MFG.Co
Capacity: 40.0 T/h
Motor Voltage and RMP: 450 v
13.9 Emergency Fire Pump

All Officers and Senior Ratings are required to be conversant with the starting
and operating procedures for the emergency fire pump. These procedures
must be posted in the space containing the emergency fire pump:
Portable
Location of emergency fire pump:
The EFP must be tested weekly to check that it supplies the vessel’s fire
main with the required pressure.
13.9.1 Steps To Be Taken How To Start Emergency Fire-Pump
Step 1: Check the oil level in hydraulic drive P/P tank.

Step 2: Check fire pump suction & discharge V/VS in void space
beneath main crane tube.
Step 3: Check discharge valve in the main crane tube
Step 4: Start hydraulic drive pump for emergency fire P/P
Step 5: Adjust hydraulic drive pump pressure to 50 kg/cm2
NB: Precautionary take care of hydraulic P/P driving motor not to
overload & maintain 20-21 Amps at ampere meter of
hydraulic drive P/P panel.
These procedures must be posted in the space containing the
emergency fire pump.
13.10 Emergency Alternator/Generator
All Officers are required to be conversant with the starting and operating
procedures for the Emergency Alternator/Generator.
Location of Emergency Alternator/Generator. HARBOR/Generator
Engine Rating:240hp
The emergency Alternator/Generator must be started and tested every two
weeks to check that it operates satisfactorily on load.
13.10.1 Steps To Be Taken How To Start Emergency Generator
Step 1: Check fuel oil level.
Step 2: Check lub oil level.
Step 3: Check cooling water level.
Step 4: Switch off the circuit breaker at the side of panel.
Step 5: Adjust hydraulic drive pump pressure to 50 kg/cm2
NB: Start the Emergency Generator by turning the knob to

manual position at generator panel.
These procedures must be posted in the space containing the
emergency Alternator/Generator.
13.11 Fire Control Plan
In all ships fire control plans shall be permanently exhibited for the guidance
of the ship’s Officers, showing clearly for each deck the control stations, the
various fire sections enclosed by "A" class divisions, the section enclosed by
"B" class divisions together with particulars of the fire detection and fire
alarm systems, the sprinkler installation, the fire extinguishing appliances,
means of access to different compartments, decks etc and the ventilating
system including particulars of the fan control positions, the position of
dampers and identification numbers of the ventilating fans, serving each
section. Plans and booklets shall be kept up to date, any alternations being
recorded thereon as soon as practicable. In addition, instructions concerning
the maintenance and operation of all the equipment and installations on
board for the fighting and containment of lire shall be kept in the SOLAS
Training Manual.
In all ships a duplicate set of fire control plans or a booklet containing such
plans shall be permanently stored in a prominently marked weathertight
enclosure outside the deckhouse for the assistance of shoreside fire-fighting
personnel.
13.11.1 Fire Main Isolation Valves
All Officers are required to be conversant with the location of all

fire main isolation valves. A schematic diagrams of the fire main
layout indicating the position of all fire main isolation valves are
posted on entrance to all decks. The plan also shows all the pumps
that can be used to pressurize the fire main.
14.0 Fire Fighting Apparatus Checklist
14.1 Weekly
a) Routine check to ensure that all fire extinguishers are in place (deck and
engine room).
b) Check BA cylinder pressures, including practice cylinders.
c) Test fire and general alarm.
d) Function test of fire detection system. All heads etc to be tested in
rotation such that all points are tested annually.
e) All public address systems and general alarm systems are functioning
properly.
f) Test remote stops and quick closing devices in rotation such that all are
tested every three months.
g) Operate fire doors and check that self-closing devices are operating
correctly.
h) Operate flaps and dampers in rotation such that all devices are operated
monthly.
i) Test all fire hoses and nozzles in rotation such that all hoses and
nozzles are tested annually.
j) Operate all fire extinguishers in rotation such that all fire extinguishers
(except CO2) are operated annually.
a) Check operation of water fire fighting monitors. Grease as per

manufacturer’s instructions.
b) Run emergency alternator/generator on load.
c) Check sprinkler control valve alarms in rotation such that all valves are
tested every three months.
14.3 Monthly
a) Check inventory and condition of all fireman’s outfits on board. Record

cylinder pressures, including BA practice bottles and note any items of
equipment that are missing or damaged.
b) Check location and condition of international shore fire connection.
c) Check all hoses and nozzles are in place, properly arranged and are in
proper condition.
d) Check condition of oxygen and explosion meters, calibrate both meters
according to manufacturers’ instructions.
e) Check all fixed fire-fighting system stop valves are in the proper
position, dry pipe sprinkler systems have appropriate pressure as
indicated by gauges.
f) Check All sprinkler system pumps automatically operate on reduction of
pressure in the systems.
g) Check all fire pumps are operated.
h) Fixed CO2 smothering system: check alarms and cylinder security.
i) Inspect galley fire blanket.
j) Check contents of sandboxes in engine room; condition of shovel.
k) Check operation of all fire hydrants and fire main isolation valves.
l) Check inventory of safety equipment store.
m) Check sprinkler system header tank.
n) Check ER and accommodation fire alarm call points.
o) Check records to ensure that all fire flaps and dampers have been operated
and greased.
a) Check records to ensure that all remote stops and quick closing devices
have been tested and are operating satisfactorily.
b) Check records to ensure that all sprinkler control valves alarms have
been tested and are operating satisfactorily.
c) Check International Shore Connection is in proper condition.

d) Check lockers providing storage for fire-fighting equipment contain proper
inventory and equipment is in proper condition.
e) Check fixed CO2 smothering release mechanism and alarms. Check
cylinder condition and contents level where possible.
f) Check fire doors and fire dampers are tested for local operation.
g) Check sprinkler isolating valves.
h) Check records to ensure that all hoses and nozzles have been tested.
14.5 Annually
a) Ensure all fire extinguishers are checked for proper location, charging
pressure and condition.
b) Ensure fire detection systems are tested for proper operation as
appropriate.
c) Ensure all fire doors and dampers are tested for remote operation.
d) CO2 fixed smothering system: blow through distribution pipes with
compressed air.
e) Check records to ensure that all fire detection heads have been tested.
f) Check records to ensure that all fire extinguishers have been operated
and internally inspected (except CO2).
g) Renew lub oil in emergency fire pump as necessary.
h) Renew lub oil in emergency generator/alternator as necessary.
i) Check number and condition of fire extinguisher refills (one charge per
extinguisher, including CO
2 charges).
14.6 Every Four Years
a) Verify fluid level of fixed CO2 smothering cylinders (refill if any cylinder is
10% below rated capacity ).
b) Hydraulic pressure test all portable fire extinguishers, including CO2.
Hydraulic pressure test all BA cylinders, including those carried for training
purposes.

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PART 1 A Solas Training Manual

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INTERNATIONAL SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Project Team Rev

SOLAS TRAINING MANUAL

D0 For Internal Review M.SOLTANI M.SOLTANI V.ARABI 30/08/2005

SOLAS TRAINING MANUAL Page 2

GEN FL ML 008 D 0 of 107

1.3 Availability and Distribution of SOLAS Training Manual

1.4 Updating And Amendments

2.0 Mustering And Emergency Locations

2.1 Mustering And Emergency Stations

2.2 Mustering And Emergency Instructions

3.2 Immersion Suits

3.3 Thermal Protective AIDs (TPA’s)

3.4 Lifebuoys, Lights and Smoke Signals

SOLAS TRAINING MANUAL Page 3

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4.0 Exposure Hazards, Clothing, Protection and Survival

4.3 Action When In The Water

4.4 Boarding Survival Craft

4.5 First Action To Take After Boarding Survival Craft

4.6 Subsequent Actions In Survival Craft

SOLAS TRAINING MANUAL Page 4

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4.6.7 Body Functions

4.7 Injuries, Ailments and Treatment

4.8 Location And Attracting Attention

4.9 Water and Food

SOLAS TRAINING MANUAL Page 5

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5.1 Lifeboat Details

5.2 Lifeboat Equipment and Rations

5.3 Launching Lifeboats

5.4 Preparing and Launching The Lifeboats

5.5 Recovering The Lifeboats

5.6 Lifeboats - Use Of Equipment

5.7 Rescue Boat

6.1 Life raft Particulars

6.2 Inflatable Liferafts Operating Instructions

6.3 Launching Instructions

6.4 Liferaft Equipment and Rations

6.5 Liferaft Maintenance

7.0 Radio Installations

7.1 Lifeboat Radio

7.2 Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacons (EPIRB’s)

7.3 Search And Rescue Radar Transponders (SARRT’s)

SOLAS TRAINING MANUAL Page 6

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8.1 The Vessel’s Pyrotechnics

8.2 Lifeboat Pyrotechnics

8.3 Liferaft Pyrotechnics

8.4 Instructions for Using Pyrotechnics

8.5 Disposal of Out-Of-Date Pyrotechnics

9.0 Illumination in Launching Areas

10.0 Rescue Methods and Signals

10.2 Ship To Ship Use Of Line Throwing Apparatus

10.3 Helicopter Rescue Operations

10.4 Rescue Signals

11.0 Lifesaving Appliances (LSA) - Maintenance Checklists

11.2 Every Two Weeks