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    12 Geography Notes b1 ch1

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    anil sharma
    The document discusses the nature and scope of human geography. It defines human geography as the study of the relationship between humans and the earth's surface and the interactions between physical and socio-cultural environments. The field integrates perspectives from other social sciences and can be studied through different approaches. Over time, the concerns and methods of human geography have developed as interactions between humans and the environment have changed with advances in technology and understanding of natural laws.

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    12 Geography Notes b1 ch1

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    anil sharma
    183 views4 pages
    The document discusses the nature and scope of human geography. It defines human geography as the study of the relationship between humans and the earth's surface and the interactions between physical and socio-cultural environments. The field integrates perspectives from other social sciences and can be studied through different approaches. Over time, the concerns and methods of human geography have developed as interactions between humans and the environment have changed with advances in technology and understanding of natural laws.

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    The document discusses the nature and scope of human geography. It defines human geography as the study of the relationship between humans and the earth's surface and the interactions between physical and socio-cultural environments. The field integrates perspectives from other social sciences and can be studied through different approaches. Over time, the concerns and methods of human geography have developed as interactions between humans and the environment have changed with advances in technology and understanding of natural laws.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    183 views4 pages

    12 Geography Notes b1 ch1

    Uploaded by

    anil sharma
    The document discusses the nature and scope of human geography. It defines human geography as the study of the relationship between humans and the earth's surface and the interactions between physical and socio-cultural environments. The field integrates perspectives from other social sciences and can be studied through different approaches. Over time, the concerns and methods of human geography have developed as interactions between humans and the environment have changed with advances in technology and understanding of natural laws.

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    of 4

    CBSE

    Class 12 Geography
    Revision Notes
    Fundamentals of Human Geography

    Chapter -1 Human Geography Nature and Scope

    Key Notes:

    The core concern of geography as a discipline is to understand the earth as home of


    human beings and to study all those elements which have sustained them
    It emphasis is on study of nature and human beings
    Geography is a field of study is integrative, empirical and practical
    It studies each and every event on the earth over the space and time
    Geography can be studied through law making or descriptive
    Both physical and human phenomena are described in metaphors using symbols
    from the human anatomy
    German geographers describe the ‘state/country’ as a ‘living organism’. Networks of
    road, railways and water ways have often been described as “arteries of circulation”.

    There are two approaches of geography a. Systematic approach and b. Regional approach

    According to Ratzel, “Human geography is the synthetic study of relationship between


    human societies and earth’s surface."
    According to Ellen C Sample, “Human geography is the study of “the changing
    relationship between the unresting man and the unstable earth.”
    According to Paul Vidal De la Blache, “Conception resulting from a more synthetic
    knowledge of thephysical laws governing our earth and of the relations between the
    living beings which inhabit it”.

    NATURE OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

    Human geography studies the inter-relationship between the physical environment


    and socio- cultural environment created by human beings through mutual interaction
    with each other
    Houses, villages, cities, road-rail networks, industries, farms, ports, items of our daily

    Material downloaded from myCBSEguide.com. 1 / 4


    use and all other elements of material culture have been created by human beings
    using the resources provided by the physical environment

    Naturalisation of Humans

    Man interact with nature with the help of technology


    It is not important that what he creates but with what tools he used to create
    Technology indicates the level of cultural development of society
    Human beings were able to develop technology after they developed better
    understanding of natural laws
    In the early stages of their interaction with their natural environment humans were
    greatly influenced by it. They adapted to the dictates of Nature. This is so because the
    level of technology was very low and the stage of human social development was also
    primitive.This type of interaction between primitive human society and strong forces
    of nature was termed as Environmental determinism
    Primitive societies which live incomplete harmony with their natural environment
    Nature is a powerful force,worshipped, revered and conserved. There is direct
    dependence of human beings on nature for resources which sustain them. The
    physical environment for such societies becomes the “Mother Nature
    It is the theory that the environment sets certain constraints or limitations, but
    culture is otherwise determined by social conditions
    A geographer, Griffith Taylor introduced another concept which reflects a middle
    path (Madhyam Marg) between the two ideas of environmental determinism and
    possibilism. He termed it as Neodeterminism or stop and go determinism

    Humanisation of nature

    With the development of technology people understood the nature well


    They move from state of necessity to state of possibilities
    Human activities created cultural landscape
    The concept shows that neither is there a situation of absolute necessity
    (environmental determinism) nor is there a condition of absolute freedom
    (possibilism)
    It means that human beings can conquer nature by obeying it

    Material downloaded from myCBSEguide.com. 2 / 4


    Human Geography through the Corridors of Time

    If we imagine the beginning of human geography with the interaction of environment


    and human beings, it has its roots deep in history
    The concerns of human geography have a long temporal continuum though the
    approaches to articulate them have changed over time
    This dynamism in approaches and thrusts shows the vibrant nature of the discipline
    For example, in the late 15th century witnessed attempts of explorations in Europe
    and slowly the myths and mysteries about countries and people started to open up
    The colonial period provided impetus to further explorations in order to access the
    resources of the regions and to obtain inventorised information
    The intention here is not to present an in-depth historical account but to make you
    aware of the processes of steady development of human geography

    Fields and Sub-fields of Human Geography

    Human geography assumes a highly inter-disciplinary nature


    It develops close interface with other sister disciplines in social sciences in order to
    understand and explain human elements on the surface of the earth

    Fields of human
    Sub field Sister disciplines
    geo

    --- Social science-Sociology

    Behavioral geography Psychology

    Geography of social well being Welfare economics

    Geography of leisure Sociology

    Social geography Cultural geography Anthropology

    Sociology, anthropology, women


    Gender geography
    studies

    Historical geography History

    Medical geography Epidemiology

    Material downloaded from myCBSEguide.com. 3 / 4


    Urban geography --- Urban studies and planning

    --- Political science

    Political geography Electoral geography Psephology

    Military geography Military science

    Population
    --- Demography
    geography

    Settlement
    --- Urban and rural planning
    geography

    --- Economics

    Geography of resources Resource economics

    Geography of Agriculture Agricultural science

    Geography of industries Industrial economics


    Economic
    geography Business studies, economics,
    Geography of marketing
    commerce

    Geography of tourism Tourism and travel management

    Geography of international
    International trade
    trade

    Material downloaded from myCBSEguide.com. 4 / 4

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