No To Plastic Policy

NO TO PLASTIC POLICY 1
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CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM: ITS BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE
Background of the Study
The fact exists that the environment today is in great danger due to careless use and
production of plastic bags. Natural disasters are being felt in different parts of the globe
due to the durable, lightweight, flexible and easy to carry modern convenience called
plastic.
According to the data released by the United States Environmental Protection
Agencyin 2003, somewhere between 500 billion and a trillion plastic bags are consumed
worldwide annually (Legarda, 2011). Likewise, the Ecological Waste Coalition
(EcoWaste) said that plastic litter could last hundreds of years and are primarily blamed for
the floods and soil pollution (Adraneda,2007,para 14). This phenomenon also affects the
marine and sea life, increases volumes of garbage and endangers the lives of the present
and future generations.
The Philippines has the same, if not worse, condition on pollution. It was in 2000
that the mountain of garbage in Payatas landfill site in Quezon City collapsed and wiped
out properties and communities residing at its foot leaving 300 families homeless and
killed 218 people (Pinoypress, 2007). Furthermore, based on the official record of the
National Disaster and Coordinating Council (NDDC) in 2009, the typhoon “Ondoy” took
246 lives while the estimated cost of property damages wasP4.7 billion in infrastructures
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and P 1.5 billion to P 3.2 billion in agriculture due to flashfloods ( Averilla, 2009).These
events were caused by the unrelenting and neglectful use of plastic bags which led the
beginning of different local government units in the Philippines to create and implement
theplastic ban, also in compliance with the provisions in the Republic Act 9003 otherwise
known as the Solid Waste Management Law.
The Act is known as the "Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000” which
declared the policy of the state to adopt a systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid
waste management program. Its institutional mechanism shall be composed of National
Solid Waste Management Commission referred to as the Commission, under the Office of
the President. The Commissioner shall be composed of fourteen (14) members from the
government sector and three members from the private sector. Furthermore, according to
the Article 2 Section 10 of the said law states the role of the Local Government Units
(LGUs) shall be primarily responsible for the implementation and enforcement of the
provisions of the act within their respective jurisdictions (Arellano Law Foundation, 2011).
In Quezon, the municipal government of Lucban pioneered the implementation of
plastic bag ban. The Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03 was passed in September 08, 2008
and implemented in 2009. The municipal ordinance entitled an ordinance regulating the
use and sale of plastic bags or plastic cellophane (polyethylene) as packing or bagging
materials and institutionalizing the use of biodegradable containers within the municipality
of Lucban, Quezon. It is an environment friendly ordinance that covers all markets,
grocery stores, retail outlets, catering services and other commercial stalls, business
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establishments, restaurants and eateries and entities in all areas in the municipality. Entities
mentioned above are prohibited to sell, use, distribute, or issue in retail or wholesale non-
biodegradable plastics. Another, establishments are not allowed to use plastic bags as
packing or bagging materials and are advised to use paper cloth bags, buri bag or bayong,
non- plastic sack or bags and sturdy reusable shopping bags, biodegradable plastics or
other biodegradable containers. However, bulky goods shall be packed in paper boxes or
cartons or other biodegradable bagging materials (M.O. 2008-03, 2008).
On the other hand, cases of goods sold in municipal markets such as fresh meat,
fish, fruits, vegetables and the like shall be packed only by biodegradable or environment-
friendly bagging containers or such other bagging materials provided under the Section 10
of the Municipal Ordinance. Whereas stated in Section 10 of the ordinance, consumers
may provide themselves with non-biodegradable plastic bags, boxes, crates or other sturdy
reusable bags or containers in public market, provided that non-biodegradable plastic bags
shall be properly stamped or marked by proper authorities at the entrance of the public
market to determine the reuse of plastic bags in compliance with theordinance (M.O. 2008-
03, 2008).
It was due to the rampant use of plastic bags as packaging material in the
municipality and other places, that was seen as one of the reason which led to the
implementation of the ordinance.To reiterate, plastics are sources of environmental
degradation and pollution that clogs waterways, creeks and canals.The municipal
government takes into consideration open canals in their municipality. Thus, the municipal
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government aims to lessen and gradually eliminate the use and production of plastics as
packaging materials and promote the use of “bayong” or “balunglang” andnon- plastic sack
or bags to minimize harm to the environment.
Still, action is now have been taken seriously by the municipal government. The
imposed penalties for violating the ordinance are in forms of fines, confiscation,
imprisonment or suspension of business permit depending on the article that has been
violated. Likewise, to ensure the compliance of the people, the local government with the
help of the environmental officers and aides with the assistance of the local police are bind
together in the implementation of the municipal ordinance as stated in Section 13 of the
Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03. For a period of thirty (30) days upon the approval of
the ordinance, a taskforce was created composed ofPunong Barangays, the Chairman of the
Barangay Committee on Education, Barangay Health Workers, the Solid Waste
Management Board, together with the Municipal Health Officers, and the Environment
Officers and Environmental Aides is embarking a comprehensive information campaign on
the ordinance as stated in Section 16 of the ordinance (M.O. 2008-03, 2008).
Statement of the Problem
The study probed the implementation and awareness of the people on the
Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03 also known as Zero-Plastic Policy in Lucban, Quezon.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents according to:
a) sex?
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b) age?
c) educational attainment?
d) occupation?
2. What is the level of awareness of the people of Lucban, Quezon on the Municipal
Ordinance No. 2008-03 with regard to:
a) content?
b) scope and limitation of the policy?
c) advocacy of the policy?
3. What is the level of implementation of Zero-Plastic policy of the municipal
government of Lucban, Quezon in terms of:
a) intensity?(officials)
b) extent? (officials)
c) management? (officials)
4. What are the sustainability plans of the Local Government of Lucban, Quezon in terms
of:
a) enforcement, monitoring and imposition of penalty of the Municipal
Ordinance? (officials)
b) contribution and participation of the Sangguniang Barangay in the
implementation of the Municipal Ordinance? (officials)
c) sustaining the sources of biodegradable containers such as bayong, paper
bags and buri? (officials)

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Significance of the Study:
This study will be a significant endeavor in promoting environmental awareness to
the students, faculty and non-teaching personnel of the university.
This study will be beneficial to the field of the researcher by imparting additional
knowledge on the importance of an effective policy, social justice and its implementation.
It will also give a betterunderstanding on the duties and responsibilities of each individual
to contribute to the preservation and enhancement of our environment.
The municipal government of Lucban, Quezon could also probe the usefulness of
the Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03, in raising the environmental consciousness of the
people and preparedness of the municipal government to address future circumstances.
On the other hand, the researcher believes on the relevance of the ordinance to our
province especially in our environment. The ordinance serves as an excellent model for
other neighboring cities and municipalities in Quezon province. Another is the acceptance
of the people of Lucban on the said ordinance that surely affects their way of life; the idea
of regressing to primitive culture is such a tough task.
For future researchers, this study will supply as a guide and inspiration that could
promulgate new problems and begin a new journey of research on the topic.
To the researcher, this will give new knowledge and experience. This study shall
serve as the researcher’s identity throughout the entire professional career.

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Scope and Limitation
The study was focused on the implementation the Municipal Ordinance No.2008-
03 known as the ordinance regulating the use of plastic bags or plastic cellophane
(polyethylene) as packing or bagging materials and institutionalizing the use of
biodegradable containers within the municipality of Lucban, Quezon and the awareness of
the people. The researcher used descriptive- evaluative method in conducting the research.
The respondents of the surveys were ten (10) officials from the barangay and municipal.
Furthermore, one hundred (100) respondents from the business and consumer sector were
selected to represent the people of Lucban. There were two different sets of questions in
the survey forms for the municipal and barangay officials and other respondents to have an
accurate and unbiased judgment. Thus, 6 municipal officials were interviewed to know the
sustainability plans of the government on the said ordinance.
The study will only cover the implementation of the ordinance by the barangay and
municipal officials particularly the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office
and Sangguniang Barangay within the locality. Consequently, the awareness of the people
on the said ordinance particularly the content, scope and limitations and its advocacy.
Hence, the sustainability plans of the government pertaining to the monitoring,
enforcement and imposition of the policy. In addition, the sustainability of the contribution
and participation of the Sangguniang Barangay and lastly the plans of the government on
sustaining the source of “bayong” and other non-biodegradable packing and bagging
materials.
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Furthermore, all the analysis and interpretation was based on the answers of the
respondents and officials through the questionnaire and interview that served as the basis
of conclusions, recommendations and implication that the researcher obtained.
The researcher having been able to acquire data from the people and the local
government analyzed the level of implementation of the policy and awareness of the
people. Also, the sustainability plans of the government on the enforcement, monitoring,
imposition of penalties and the cooperation and participation of the Sangguniang Barangay
and sustaining the sources of biodegradable packing and bagging materials.
The researcher anticipates circumstances that hinder the success of the study, being
a first timer in this kind of research study. The researcher has seen financial incapacity and
limited time a weakness on conducting surveys and research. The span of time that the
municipal ordinance has been implemented must also be taken into consideration.
Theoretical Framework
In this part of the study, the researcher used various political theories that guided
and strengthened the assumptions and results. Furthermore, the researcher relied the
analysis based on the theories that is related to the study.
The researcher has seen the theory of Max Weber, legitimacy as a reliable stand for
the value of Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03. It is the property that a regime’s
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procedures for making and enforcing laws are acceptable to its subjects. The term is
derived from Weberian Sociology, as Weber emphasized, “Legitimacy constituted the
basis of very real differences in a way in which power was exercised. There was generally
observable need for any power to justify itself’ (American Heritage Dictionary, 2011, n.p.).
Thus, legitimacy is a source of authority, which in the study legitimacy by procedure has
been practiced. This is kind of authority is acquired through process like procedure of
democratic election or suffrage; people choose their own leaders, or inheritance which
gives the people the idea of appropriateness to have authority. Hence, connotes that an
authority exists because people think it must and appropriate to exist (Shively, 2005).The
government has been given the authority by its people through a local elections and
appointment to create and execute ordinance and policies.
For an authority to acquire power to require people to obey them, their powers must
be legitimate. The subjects must see the need of having an authority that would serve as
their steering wheel in the management of their institution and municipality; they can
acquire power through elections, appointments or succession. The government of Lucban,
given the power by the constitution and being chosen by their people, gives enough reason
for them to have power on creating, interpreting and implementing laws and ordinances
and require people to be subjected to their jurisdiction. Thus, giving the basis of Municipal
Ordinance 2008-03 to be created and implemented by the legal authority and obeyed by its
people.
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In addition to legitimacy is the theory of environmentalism which has been
practiced since the 19th century. It is a political and ethical movement that seeks to
improve and protect the quality of the natural environment through changes to
environmentally harmful human activities (Elliot, 2011). The relevance of the theory
reflects on the intention of the municipal government of Lucban to submit and implement
law which regulates the use and production of plastics that destructs our natural
environment which is beneath the implementation of the Municipal Ordinance 2008-03.
Thus it is also a synonymous with the concept of conservatism and Green politics
in which it is a movement that aims to conserve and restore our environment in its natural
world. Thus, campaign in favor of the environment (Biology Cabinet Organization, 2008).
Policy is also used in the study, it is concerned with the action of the government
designed to resolve not only differences in the society but in its environment. In essence it
is a decision, declaration, or action of the government which has authority of law (Dannug
&Campanilla, 2004).Thus, there are policies that benefits only particular sector of the
society just like the municipal ordinance, the ideology of the environmentalists benefit
from this, though its long term goal is to protect our environment there are sectors in our
society that experience inconvenience in compliance with it. So the government must take
into consideration not only on sector of the society but the welfare of the common good.
Good governance is fairly relevant as a basis of this study; the United Nations
Development Programme (UNDP)has defined governance “as the exercise of political,
economic and administrative authority in the management of a country’s at all levels.” It

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connotes that the clearness of a government’s path, the quality of the formulation of policy
and its speed has an impact on creating an enabling environment. Allocation of resources
and the political commitment for sustaining the implemented programs are great bearing in
obtaining target which can be derived from trainings and education (Dannug &
Campanilla, 2004). In the study, the implementation of the Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-
03 must be based on governance that would aim to attain its objectives and will sought the
awareness and compliance of the people. Thus, as stated about commitment for the
sustainability of the municipal ordinance not only in term of its implementation and the
awareness of the people but also the resources of the materials those are used in
acquiescence with it.
Sustainability of policies gives emphasis on the social awareness to environmental
problems. In the study, the researcher aims to know the sustainability plans of the
government which must be in line with the sustainability theory that has foundation on
human dignity (Berkshire Encyclopedia, n.d.).
Conceptual Framework
For decades, the Philippines have been experiencing environmental degradation
which leads to volume of garbage, flooding, and climate change. Due to this, the local
government officials investigated and traced the causes of floods and the reason why our
environment is polluted. It did not take long for them to find out what is the main problem,
plastic. In effect, this circumstance gave officials bold measure to solve the problem on
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flooding and garbage problems and through the implementation of plastic bans. Hence,
different cities and municipalities have been implementing plastic bag ban in their
localities.
The local government of Lucban, Quezon has taken a great step in executing the
municipal ordinance since 2009, thus the main idea of the study is to know the level of
implementation of the government and the awareness of its people. However, the
effectiveness of policy depends on the awareness of the people on what the policy is all
about and how will they comply with it. And so, it is necessary to give sufficient
information on the awareness of the people to the provisions as well as its implementation.
The study shall focus on determining the effectiveness of the Municipal Ordinance
as far as the understanding of the people the ordinance is ought to be executed. Hence, this
study would identify the level of implementation in the views of the implementers and
barangay officials. The researcher shall measure the level of awareness of the people by
conducting surveys; most of the questions would concentrate on the cognizance of the
people with the provisions, scope and limitations of the power of the government and
environment officers in the implementation of the ordinance. The researcher would also be
determining if the people are aware of the advocacy underneath the execution of the
policy.
The study would not be complete without acquiring the information on the views of
the government on how the implementation is ought to be implemented and followed. The
researcher shall seek the intensity of the environment enforcers and the officials on the
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provisions stated in the ordinance. The extent of powers of the implementation as far as the
enforcers is concerned. Henceforward, the management of the advocacy of the ordinance
with regard to the knowledge of the environment enforcers and the government is also to
be determined. The level of awareness of the people concerning the level of
implementation of the government would be the output of this study, whether the
knowledge of the people and the implementation of the government are well-matched with
each other.
The sustainability plans of the enforcement, monitoring and imposition of the
penalty was determined by an interview with the implementers particularly administrative
aides, environmental enforcers and the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources
Officer within the locality and also about the contribution and participation of the
Sangguniang Barangay on the implementation of the ordinance. Tried to identify the
sustainability plans on the sources of biodegradable packing and bagging materials would
also be determined through interview.

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Conceptual Paradigm
Local
Government
of Lucban,
Quezon
Municipal Ordinance No. 2008- 03
SURVEY
Level of implementation
Level of awareness of
of the Local Government
the people of Lucban,
of Lucban, Quezon
Quezon
INTERVIEW
content intensity
Sustainability
scope and plans
limitation extent
advocacy
management
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Definition of Terms
The following words are defined for clarity and understanding:
Advocacy - environmental aims in the execution of the ordinance
Biodegradable- made of materials that decay relatively quick.
Biodegradable plastic- is form of plastics derived from plant sources such
as hemp oil, soy bean oil, corn starch rather than
petroleum. These plastics are derived from natural
products and have compounds that are readily broken
down by microbes, so it decays relatively quickly.
These plastics do not harm to the environment
Content- refers to the provisions/ sections stated in the
Municipal Ordinance which is being implemented
Cellophane- transparent, thin, flexible and non- biodegradable
plastic used as wrappers or packing materials
Environment friendly- designed to minimize ham to the natural world.
Environment officer- a person authorized by the Local Chief Executive to
assist in the implementation of this ordinance and to
assist also the local police forces to implement
the provisions of this ordinance and other
environmental laws and ordinances of this
municipality
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Environmentalism- political and ethical movement that seeks to improve
and protect the quality of natural environment
through changes to environmentally harmful human
activity
Extent- the range of power or area of the jurisdiction of the
ordinance with regard to the enforcement of the
Municipal Ordinance
Government- pertains to the Local Government of Lucban, Quezon
Management- the term is used according to the administration of the
environmental advocacy of the ordinance
Non-biodegradable plastics-are forms of plastic derived primarily from crude oil,
natural gas, or coal. These types of plastics cannot be
broken down by microbes. And if burned will
produce toxic smoke and pollute the environment
which will result to ecological damage
Ordinance- pertains to the Municipal Ordinance 2008-03
Plastic bags- flexible plastic containers that open at one end and
are used for carrying things. It shall include
biodegradable and non- biodegradable plastics
Scope and Limitation- used as the extent of the power of the municipal
ordinance and its implementers

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Sustainability- it is the activity of human beings that achieves it
goals without sacrificing the resources. Part of the
plan of the institution in maintaining the municipal
ordinance
Wrap or wrapping- to cover especially by winding or folding, to envelop
or secure for transportation, draw around something
***some of the definitions were borrowed from the Municipal Ordinance 2008-03
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES
Numbers of related literature and studies have been reviewed to benchmark the
current investigation.
Related Literature
The country is facing one of the world’s most threatening problems while
urbanization, modernization and population growth arise in the present society,
environmental degradation and pollution follows. The evidences can be seen in esteros,
drainage systems and water ways that are being clogged with garbage, majority of which
are compose of non- biodegradable plastics.
Sanchez and Agpaoa (2009) stressed that “there are two main factors in the spread
of pollution; these are rapid industrialization and population growth” (p.60).They said that
60 percent of the pollution problem is caused by people while about 22-40 percent is
caused by industry.
Nevertheless, the Constitution recognizes the importance of a balance and healthy
environment for the people. As specified in the Article II Section 16 of the 1987 Philippine
Constitution, the State shall protect and advance the right of the people to a healthful
ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature. In addition, Nolledo (2008)
explained that “the need for ecological balance or healthy environment is constitutionally a
State concern” (p. 10).

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Currently, Senate Bill No. 2759 also known as the “Total Plastic Bag Ban Act of
2011” is being passed by the upper house authored by Senator Loren Legarda that intends
for a total plastic bag ban nationwide. The said bill if ever be ratified and implemented will
concentrate on prohibiting establishments like groceries, restaurants, wet and dry markets
and the like to use plastics and instead they are advice to use reusable and recyclable bags.
In addition, the Republic Act No. 9512enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
in the 14th Congress states that there shall be an act to promote environmental awareness
through environmental education and for other purposes, in recognition of the vital role of
the youth in nation building and the role of education to foster patriotism and nationalism,
accelerate social progress, and promote total human liberation and development, the state
shall promote national awareness on the role of natural resources in economic growth and
the importance of environmental conservation and ecological balance towards sustained
national development ( n.p.).
As the national government takes action on the problem, local government units
with the vested power stated in the Section 2238 of the Revised Administrative Code
specifies the general power of the city and municipal council to enact ordinance and make
such regulation on health and safety for the comfort and convenience of the people and the
community, cities and municipalities has been exerting efforts on creating ordinances
aiming for the regulation, prohibition on the production and use of plastic bags. Hence, in
adherence to the provision of the Section 3of Republic Act 7160 this provides that the
Local Government Units (LGUs) shall share with the national government the
responsibility in the management and maintenance of ecological balance within their

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territorial jurisdiction. Another, under the Section 447 of R.A 7160 also empowers the
Sangguniang Bayan to protect the environment and impose penalties for acts which
endanger the environment including such activities which results in pollution, acceleration
or eutrophication of rivers and lakes or ecological imbalance. The laws above ensure the
legitimacy of the local government units in creating and implementing rules for the
common good. Magstadt (2006) implies that “legitimacy is a condition in which power is
exercised through established institutions and according to rules that are freely accepted by
the people as right and proper” (p. 4).
In the event of environment degradation, local officials are alarmed because their
localities are the ones experiencing its effects. They enlisted some of the problems on the
use of plastic bags and containers and they are: 1.) Cause of flashfloods, it has been
assumed that discarded plastic bags and other non-biodegradable containers are major
cause of flashfloods specially in cities during heavy rains as they clog canals, creeks,
rivers, and other water ways; 2.) Volume of garbage and air pollution, estimate show that
about 7,500 tons of wastes are produced daily. Of these, about 1,000 tons are recycled or
composed. Approximately 6,500 tons of wastes are hauled to the dumpsites. Of these,
about 2,000 tons are dumped illegally every day in creeks, private lands, and rivers.
Wastes, which are composed mainly of plastic and Styrofoam add toxicity to our heavily
polluted atmosphere when burned (p. 102); 3.)Inconvenience with the restriction,
consumers and retailers know the benefit of the ban for them, but people nowadays are
dependent on the convenience of using plastic bag. Thus, the throw away approach is hard
to eliminate in our system; 4.) Discipline, the problem is the openness of the people
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towards change; and 5.) Fiscal, billions of pesos spent yearly on waste collection and
disposal that can be spent in a wiser manner which will preserve and protect the
environment.
For Lao, the president of the Philippine Plastics Industry Association (PPIA) “the
heart of the problem is discipline, we have to educate people on the advocacy.” (as cited in,
Morelos,2011, para 16).
Speaking of educating people, Dante (2011) gives emphasis on the role of the
youth in environmental protection, pollution control and conservation of our natural
resources that is essential to the attainment of sustainable development. He reiterated that
teachers can help students in exploring various ways on protecting our natural wealth by
providing fresh insights and the necessary skills in environment protection and
empowering them to take responsibility in securing their future and that of the generation
after them (p. 28).
Recently, Testa (2011) assumed that “as of last count over ten (10) cities and
municipalities have banned plastic bags. Besides pioneer Muntinlupa City, the others are;
Carmona, Cavite; Antipolo City; Los Baños, Laguna; Sta. Barbara in Iloilo; Infanta,
Quezon; Imus , Cavite; Biñan, Laguna ; Batangas City; Burgos, Pangasinan and Lucban in
Quezon”(para 17).
Municipal Ordinances passed by different cities and municipalities is a form of
strategic legislation and environmental response for the prevailing circumstance. Likewise,
the municipality of Lucban with the aid of Got Heart Foundation–Non-Government
Organization stated its reason and objective in implementing Municipal Ordinance No.
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2008-03, and it is to increase the knowledge of the people about environmental protection
through the ordinance; and to have a ZERO –PLASTIC ZONE in Barangay 4 (municipal
market) respectively. The program prohibits the sale, use and distribution of plastic
pouches and bags in all business establishments in Lucban while heartening public to go
back to the use of the traditional environment-friendly bayong (Kruf, 2009, para 2 &4).
Lucban is a second class municipality of the first district of Quezon. Based on
NSCB (National Statistical Coordination Board) survey the municipality has a population
of 45,616 as of August 1, 2007 and with 32 barangays.
At present, disciplinary act and environmental awareness programis now
surrounding Lucban not only for its cleanliness but for the welfare of the people as well.
Lucban also aims to be a role model to the neighboring towns in the province (Seggara,
2011, para 5).
Setting aside legal authority, the Presidential Taskforce on Waste Management aim
the ordinances to reduce and regulate plastics disagree with one of the 7 principles of Solid
Waste Management which states that waste prevention is better than waste regulation and
control. Nonetheless, the idea that all elements of a society are fundamentally responsible
for the waste management and waste management programs must take into consideration
the physical and socio-economic conditions of the concerned communities and be applied
according to specific goal must be understand (as cited in Luna, 2008).
Yet, for these laws and ordinances to take effect, environmental awareness of the
people must be obtained. Consequently, environmental awareness is defined as“the aims to
create general awareness of environmental issues, their causes and solutions by bringing
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about changes in perception.” In the province of Palawan wherein strict lawof tropical
forestry protection program is being implemented by the municipal government with the
aid of the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act (Republic Act 7586),
conducted an Information& Education Campaign (IEC) in which topics on different
ecological programs and principles where discussed in different municipalities and
barangays which is in accord to their the "Hatawsa Barangay" program of the LGUs.
(Palawan Council for Sustainable Development, 2004). The program uses different
information dissemination tools that guarantee the knowledge of the Palawan people on the
law being implemented; these are through Radio Program, Radio Plugs, Press Releases,
Paragua Newsletter, Fliers, Billboards, Other/Special Publications, Brochures and Video
Productions/TV Program (PCSD, 2004).
The programs, strategies and policies mentioned above would not be possible
without good governance. According to Dannug and Campanilla (2004), good governance
can manifest if there would be transparency in the existing government, the people must
have the knowledge on almost everything about the decision of the state and its
justification. There must be simplicity in procedure, in all aspects of governance
procedures must be simple as possible and participants should be minimal. Another, it is
the responsibility of the official to be liable in every decision they make, whether the
outcome would be good or bad they are accountable to face the consequences. In all
manner corruption must not be practiced, this mentally destroys a good institution;
moreover, a government must keep in mind the most important pillar of democracy which
is freedom. Lastly, there must be an independence of the legal system which is free from
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pressure and intervention from other forces to guarantee that decisions are independent and
impartial. These has become the foundation of strong development frameworks of
governments in many developing countries,
On the other hand, associated with the word “governance” is the word
“sustainability”; sustainability is based on a simple principle is everything that we need for
our survival and well-being depends, either directly or indirectly, on our natural
environment. Sustainability creates and maintains the conditions under which humans and
nature can exist in productive harmony, that permit fulfilling the social, economic and
other requirements of present and future generations. (Roberto, 2002)
Sustainability is important to making sure that we have and will continue to have,
the water, materials, and resources to protect human health and our environment (EPA,
n.d.para 1 &2).In its increasingly common use, the concepts of sustainability frames the
ways in which environmental problems jeopardize the conditions of heal economic,
ecological, and social systems. Theories of sustainability attempt to prioritize and integrate
social responses to environmental and cultural problems, in a political model looks to
social systems that realize human dignity (Berkshire Encyclopedia, n.d. p. 380-384).
Sustainable development is the most popular and most cited concept that came
from the United Nation. It concerns about the “one that meets the needs of the present but
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” It also
defines the statement of basic human right, a value, an ethic and an ideology. But
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according to some who are against the concept the term sustainability depends on the
character on how the idea is accepted andwill succeed (Roberto, 2002).
However, sustainability as Roberto (2002) said “depends on the trend in the donor
community for extending finding support for the program. Thus, among the members of
the donor community is a growing number of those who argue that if only public sector
programs would only learn to price their services they would become sustainable.”
Furthermore, the following are strategies that could help organizations develop a
base for resources so that they are not dependent on one source of funding: 1. Developing
financial management; 2. Resource mobilization; and 3. Income generation.
Another relevant study on the awareness to protect our environment is entitled “A
Stewardship Move on Climate Change” in this study De Castro (2009) discussed what
causes climate change and its effect to the environment, especially in our country. Whereas
stated in the study is the most susceptible to climate hazard due to our location and the
terrain of our country. The study gave number of easy things that we could do to help our
environment. The most essential part Of De Castro’s study to the current investigation is
the notion that “population pressure and development taken by most developed nations
along with the developing placed increasing strain on natural resources and environmental
system on land.” Accordingly, concluded that the solutions to the problems of destructing
climate change must be taken concern immediately, because we cannot wait until the
effects become obvious and surely will be too late to act to find solution.
Significantly, during the Earth Summit in 1992, wherein more than 35,000
environmental activists, politicians and business representatives met for the UN

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Conference on Environmental Development ( Maximiano, 1999). In this event, the genesis
of Biodiversity Strategy took place. In which 3 broad objectives of this program are to: 1.
Maintain essential ecological processes and life –support systems; 2. Preserve biodiversity;
and 3. Ensure the sustainable development of the Philippine natural resources.
Points of conclusion, local governments have enough authority given by our
constitution and society to make and execute ordinances and policies that provides
emphasis on common good, awareness of its people and assurance.
Related Studies
Studies related to this exposition have been thoroughly examined for a precise
analysis and interpretation.
Luna (2008) conducted a research entitled “Implementation of City Ordinance1869
and Its Perceived Effects on the Awareness of Lucena City Residents Regarding Proper
Waste Management and Sanitation” this will serve as one of the basis of this study. The
study examined the effectiveness of the implementation of the City Ordinance 1869 in
different barangays in Lucena. The method used was descriptive-evaluative type for the
research which presented the environmental condition of Lucena in 2008, 100 respondents
were surveyed randomly and used ranking, percentage and weighted mean and the chi-
square of equal probability as statistical treatment. Luna concluded that “majority of the
respondents were aware of the existence of the implementation, and it was a good
ordinance that would alleviate the city’s waste problem. The majority of the respondents
responded that they have enough knowledge and the government was effective in
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disseminating information about the ordinance in terms of the fines or penalties on
violations and the ordinance taught majority of the respondents about proper waste
management.”
In line with the conclusion the author recommends that “although majority of the
respondents were aware of the ordinance, the government should mount a continuing
information campaign so that the public would internalized the provisions of the law in
their respective households. And information and education on proper waste management
should be conducted in the lowest political unit of the government. Finally, the local
government must be strict in implementing the ordinance.”
A further relevant study was done by Caparros (1993), as stated in his
recommendation for students to be aware and actively participate on the prevailing
municipal ordinance, the municipality must first analyze its cause and effect to the people
subject to the policy. Furthermore, the Sangguniang Bayan must have full power and
supervision for proper implementation of the municipal ordinances through proper
coordination and representation to the judicial system and the law enforcers of the
community.
In addition, the study of Escamilla (2005) seeks the level of awareness of the
respondents that pertains to the protection and conservation of the environment, the
essence of the Sangguniang Barangay in the implementation and effectiveness of the
implementers (Protected Area Management Board) in her study and Municipality of
Lucban in the case of the researcher. Also, the information and education campaign that is
part of the level of awareness.

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Both of the study used the theory of legal authority, as clearly defined, it is a
specific kind of power which was assigned to individual by operation of the law to act on
behalf of the organized community.
Different studies discussed above are about conclusions on the level of awareness,
implementation, and the effect of programs. Various recommendations were also given to
guide administrators, subjects, and researchers like the author which emphasized on the
improvement of municipal ordinances that affects our environment.
These studies shall help in founding the current investigation, thus could aid in the
formation, analysis, conclusion, recommendations and implication of the study.

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CHAPTER III
METHODS AND PROCEDURES
In this chapter, the researcher will discuss the choice of method or approach of the
research collection, research locale, respondents and statistical treatment that will be used
in the study.
Research Design
The researcher used descriptive- evaluative research design. The research method is
fit to describe the existing situation in particular place or locality. This type of research
design was able to probe the level of awareness and implementation of Municipal
Ordinance No. 2008-03.
Research Locale
The study will be conducted in Lucban, which is a second- class municipality of
Quezon province that has a total population of 45, 616. The study was conducted in the
Poblacion of the Lucban which includes 10 barangays.
Respondents
The respondents were ten (10) selected municipal and barangay officials to provide
data on the level of implementation of the policy and the sustainability plans. Furthermore,
one hundred (100) selected respondents from the business and consumer sectors which
represented the people of Lucban on the level of awareness. Thus, 6 municipal officials
were interviewed for the sustainability.
Sampling Procedure
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The researcher used cluster sampling method for the consumers and business
sector, because the direct involved in the municipal ordinance are business entities and
consumers. Furthermore, the researcher identified individuals from these cluster which
were subjects drawn from the selected groups. Another, for the selected the representatives
from administrative aides, environmental enforcers, and barangay officials purposive
sampling was used. This sampling procedure was used to have access on a particular
subset of people.
Research Instrument
The researcher used questionnaires and interview as method of data gathering.
There were different sets of questionnaires for the residents (business sector and
consumers) and for the municipal and barangay officials. The first part of the questionnaire
for residents was the demographic profile of the respondents and the second part was the
level of awareness of the people in terms of: a.) content; b.) scope and limitation of the
policy; and c.) advocacy of the policy. Thus, for the selected municipal officials and staff
will be the demographic profile; then, the level of implementation of the policy with regard
to: a.) intensity; b.) extent; and c.) management. The researcher also used interview
protocol to probe the views of the respondents which included interview questions
particularly on the topic or other suggested questions to know the sustainability plans of
the local government of Lucban, Quezon.
The questionnaires and interview questions were written in Filipino for the
convenience of the respondents and the researcher.

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Data Gathering Procedure
The researcher distributed the questionnaires in Filipino to the selected one hundred
(100) respondents from the consumers and business sector and ten (10) selected barangay
and municipal officials. The researcher let the respondents answer the questionnaire and
gave them time to finish answering it. The researcher guided the respondents in answering
the questionnaires but avoided influencing the respondents on their opinion. For the
interview, after having the approval of the adviser on the interview questions the researcher
personally interviewed the selected municipal officials. The focus of the interview
questions were on the enforcement, monitoring and imposition of penalty of the ordinance,
the contribution and participation of the Sangguniang Barangay in the implementation of
the ordinance and the sustenance of the biodegradable packing and bagging materials.
Statistical Treatment
The researcher will be using statistical treatments such as frequency, percentage,
and weighted mean.
The following formulas will be used:
Percentage:
P= F/ n x 100
Where:
P= Percentage
F= Frequency
N= number of respondents
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Weighted Mean:
WM= 5(n) + 4(n) + 3(n) + 2(n) + 1(n)
Where:
WM= weighted mean
n= number of samples
n= total sum of frequency

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CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
The chapter is the most relevant part of the study. It represents the data gathered
through questionnaires and interviews. There were two (2) sets of questionnaires; the first
one was given to the random representatives from the business sector and consumers. The
other was given to the barangay and municipal officials. Thus, a set of interview questions
were also given to the municipal officials who answered the questionnaires. The first set of
questionnaires contained within the level of awareness of the people with regard to the
Municipal Ordinance 2008-03. Thus, evaluating the municipal ordinance with respect to
the level of implementation, the second questionnaire includes the measurement of the
intensity, scope and limitation and management of the Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03.
They were presented in the form of figures, graphs, and tables for a more systematic
presentation. The data were analyzed and interpreted to arrive at a better and clearer
understanding of the study. On the other hand, data gathered through the interview
conducted by the researcher, were analyzed and interpreted to arrive at a better and clearer
understanding of the study.
The presentation of the questionnaire was compressed into two parts in accordance
with the three sub-problems of the study. The result dealt with the data gathered by the
responses from the two groups of respondents. In addition, the interview presentation was
organized in accordance with the last sub-problem which the data gathered came from the
Municipal Officials.
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Part I of the questionnaires for the random representatives from the business sector
includes, the demographic profile of the respondents, their sex, age, civil status,
educational attainment, occupation and monthly income. For the Municipal officials, it
consist their sex, age, civil status, educational attainment, position and monthly income,
which were all presented in graphical forms..
Part II for the random representatives from the establishments and consumers,
comprised their awareness with regard to the a) content ;b) scope and limitation: and c.)
advocacy of the policy of the Municipal Ordinance 2008-03. For the Municipal official, it
dealt with the level of their implementation on a.) intensity; b.) extent; and c.)management
of the Zero-Plastic policy.
For the interview, Part I. includes the demographic profile of the respondents.
PartII presented the transcript of interview with the respondents with pertains to the
sustainability plans of the Local Government of Lucban in terms of the enforcement,
monitoring and imposition of penalty of the Municipal Ordinance, contribution and
participation of the Sangguniang Barangay in the implementation of the Municipal
Ordinance, and sustaining the sources of biodegradable containers such as bayong, paper
bags and buri. They were properly transcribed and put in tables to find out the answers to
the last sub-problems.

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PART I. Demographic profile of respondents
A. People of Lucban
Sex
69%
70%
60%
50%
40% 31%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Male Female
Figure 2.Distribution of the respondents as to sex.
Figure 2 shows that majority of the respondents from the investigation are females
compared to their male counterpart who obviously represented by 31% of the total
population.
Thus provides the idea that females’ opinion with regard to the Municipal
Ordinance No. 2008-03 is much represented than the males.

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Age
12% 16- 20
13% 21-25
14% 6% 26-30
31-35
15% 36-40
17% 7% 41-45
46-50
13% 2% 51-55
16% 56 up
Figure 3.Distribution of respondents as to age.
To show the distribution of the respondents according to age, the data was
illustrated by a pie graph. It demonstrated that, 17% of the respondents belonged to the age
bracket of 26- 30 years old, followed by the age bracket of 21-25years old which is 16% of
the total number of respondents.In addition, 13% of the total number of respondents both
belonged to ages 36- 40 years old and 41-45 years old. And 2% of the respondents are
from ages 56 and above years old.
Thus implies that the number of respondents according to age was fairly
represented. Furthermore, respondents were of the age of majority which may give them
understanding of the ideas such as laws and ordinances.

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Educational Attainment
Elementary Undergraduate
3%1%3% Elementary Graduate

7%
High School Undegraduate
38% 20%
High School Graduate
College Undergraduate
College Graduate
28%
Others
Figure 4.Distribution of respondents according to educational attainment.
The figure above indicates that most of the respondents are college graduates
garnering 38% of the total number of the population. Subsequently, 28% of the
respondents were college undergraduate followed by 20% high school graduate, 7% high
school undergraduate, 3% elementary graduate and 1 % elementary undergraduate.
Educational attainment concludes that respondents, mostly having been able tohave
formal education and literacy may perhaps acquire and understand ideas and concepts on
laws and ordinances, particularly the Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03.

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25% 22%
19%
20%
15% 11%
10% 11% 11%
7% 11%
5% 0% 8%
0%
0 0 0
Figure 5.Distribution of respondents according to occupation.
The figure presents that 22% of the respondents are into eatery and restaurant
business. 19% were from the sari-sari store and grocery business. Whilethe consumers,
convenience and drug stores, wet and dry market garnered 11% of the total number of
respondents. Whereas, respondents from bakeries and ambulant vendors garnered 8% and
7% of the total number of population respectively.
With this figures, establishments from different business sectors was objectively
represented. The respondents were chosen because they are directly affected by the
ordinance especially the food business.

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Demographic profile of the respondents
B. Official Respondents
30%
Female
Male
70%
Figure 7.Distribution of official respondents according to sex.
The figure above shows that 70% of the officials were male and 30% of the total
numbers of respondent were females.
Majority of the official respondents are male. Thus, since the Municipal Ordinance
No. 2008-03 requires field work on the implementation and enforcement, it is expected and
appropriate to assign male enforcers.

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Age
36-40 ,
10%
46-50 21-25
, 10% , 30%
41-45 56 and above , 10%

, 40%
Figure 9.Distribution of official respondents according to age.
Figure 9 reflected that 40% of the officials belonged to the age bracket 41-45 years
old. Consequently, 30% of the officials are included in the age bracket of 21-25. Thus,
ages 56 and above, 46-50 and 36-40 were 10% each of the total number of population.
The figure implies that all the officials are of the age of majority which gives them
the concept of understanding and implementing policies and ordinances, in this study, the
Municipal Ordinance NO. 2008-03.

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Educational Attainment
0 10%
Elementary Undegraduate
10% Elmentary Graduate
High School Undergraduate
High School Graduate
College Undergraduate
College Graduate
80% others
Figure 10.Distribution of official respondents according to educational attainment.
To illustrate the distribution of the official according to age the data was illustrated
in a doughnut graph. Majority or 80% of the officials were college graduate, 10% college
graduate and 10% High School Graduate.
The Figure shows that all the official respondents have acquired formal education.
Thus, could determine their understanding to execute laws and ordinances.

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Position
50%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25% 20% 20%
20%
15% 10%
10%
5%
0%
MENRO Administrative Environmental Barangay Kagawad
Aide I Officers
Figure 11.Distribution of official respondents according to position.
Most of the officials are Barangay Kagawad composed of 50% of the total
population. The Administrative Aide and Environmental enforcer each have 20% of the
total population of the respondents. While, the MENRO has a percentage of 10%.
The figure shows that majority of the official respondents are Barangay Kagawad.
This is because the barangay kagawad, especially the Committee on Environment were
assigned as environmental enforcers.

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PARTII. Level of Awareness of the People
Table 1
Content of the Policy
STATEMENTS A(3) U(2) NA (1) WM QD R
F F F
1 The Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03 is known 88 9 3 2.85 A 1

as the ordinance regulating the sale of plastic bag /
plastic cellophane as packing/ bagging materials
and the use of biodegradable materials within the
municipality of Lucban.
2. The Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03 84 9 7 2.77 A 4
requiresall retail stores to use paper or cloth bag,
biodegradable plastic or biodegradable containers
as wrapper or packaging of goods instead of non-
biodegradable plastics.
3. The Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03 is 86 10 4 2.82 A 2
requiring all restaurantsto use paper or cloth bag,
biodegradable plastic or biodegradable containers
as wrapper or packaging of goods instead of non-
4. Violators of the Section 5 of the ordinance for 58 31 11 2.47 A 9
the second time shall have a sanction of five days
imprisonment.
5. The use of biodegradable plastic containers 51 27 22 2.29 U 13
isauthorized by the Municipal Ordinance No.2008-
03.
6. Agents or delivery men engaged in the sale of 58 26 16 2.42 A 11
non-biodegradable plastic bags shall not be allowed
to sell or distribute the same or unload non-
biodegradable plastics or similar items in any
establishments of Lucban.
7. Businesses engaged in the sale of non- 67 19 14 2.53 A 7
biodegradable plastics bags are prohibited to sell
non-biodegradable plastics in any establishments in
the municipality of Lucban.
8. Environmental Aides and Enforcers monitor the 70 21 9 2.61 A 6
implementation of the Municipal Ordinance No.
2008-03.
9. The police monitor the implementation of the 41 41 18 2.23 U 14
Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03.
10. Violators of the Municipal Ordinance No. 85 8 7 2.78 A 3
2008-03 may be fined.
11.Violators of the Municipal Ordinance No. 2008- 77 24 11 2.72 A 5
03 might suffer confiscation of prohibited plastics.
12.Violators of the Municipal Ordinance No. 2008- 57 25 18 2.39 A 12
03 might suffer revocation of business permit and
shall be disqualified to engage in the same
business.
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13. Consumers may provide themselves with non- 45 29 26 2.19 U 15
biodegradable plastics provided that the plastic
bags shall be properly stamped by proper
authorities before entering the public market.
14. According to Section 13, any person or 64 23 13 2.51 A 8
establishments that violated the ordinance will be
given a ticket indicating violated of provisions.
15. According to Section 13, any person or 59 24 17 2.42 A 11
establishments that violate the ordinance will be
given a ticket stating the punishment.
Legend:
1.00- 1.66 Not Aware QD Qualitative Distribution
1.67- 2.33 Uncertain 3 Aware (A)
2.34- 3.00 Aware 2 Ucetain (U)
WM Weighted Mean 1 Not Aware (NA)
Statement number 1 denoted the overview of the ordinance, it ranked highest.
Majority of the respondents were aware that the ordinance regulates the use and sale of
plastic bags and promotes the use of non-biodegradable materials. This implies that the
respondents are aware of the existing Zero- Plastic Policy therefore greater compliance
with the ordinance is projected, thus according to Luna (2008) awareness of the people
means the effectiveness of the policy. It was followed by statement number 3 in which
86% of the respondents were aware that restaurants are compelled to use environment
friendly materials instead of plastics. The implementation of the ordinance has led major
changes and was seen especially in restaurantswhich are directly affected by the ordinance
since it uses plastic bags when giving to-go orders, resulting to modification in the
entrenched habits of the consumers and establishments on the use of plastics. Thus stated
in Section 4 of the Municipal Ordinance No. 2008- 03 that, “All supermarkets, markets,
bakeries, restaurants, groceries and retail stores in the municipality are hereby required to
use packing/ bagging materials such as papers or cloth bags, buri bag or bayong, non-
plastic sacks or bags and sturdy reusable shopping bags, biodegradable plastics or other
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biodegradable containers instead of plastic bags. Bulky goods shall be packed in paper
boxes or cartoons or other biodegradable bagging materials.”
Hence, as part of the Information Education Campaign posters were placed at
public premises. The awareness of the respondents was due to this strategy, like in the
province of Palawan wherein strict law of tropical forestry protection program is being
implemented by the municipal government with the aid of the National Integrated
Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act (Republic Act 7586), conducted an Information&
Education Campaign (IEC) in which topics on different ecological programs and principles
where discussed in different municipalities and barangays which is in accord to their the
"Hataw sa Barangay" program of the LGUs. (Palawan Council for Sustainable
Development,2004). The program uses different information dissemination tools that
guarantee the knowledge of the Palawan people on the law being implemented; these are
through Radio Program, Radio Plugs, Press Releases, Paragua Newsletter, Fliers,
Billboards, Other/Special Publications, Brochures and Video Productions/TV Program
(PCSD, 2004).
Statement number 10 ranked third (WM 2.78), it provided data that
respondents were aware of the penalty stated in the ordinance, and this implies that most of
the respondents, aside from being aware of the policy are also aware of the sanctions when
the ordinance is violated. Thus, posters, leaflets and tarpaulins having information on
penaltiesand prohibitions were posted and distributed in the town proper, public places and
businessestablishments.
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On the other hand, the statement number 2 ranked2nd. Retails stores are
rampant in the municipality, these establishments are covered by the municipal ordinance
because one of the primary source of plastic bags are retail stores which areused as packing
or bagging materials for the retail goods.
The statement “Violators of the Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03 might
suffer confiscation of prohibited plastics” ranked 5th. This implies that since most of the
respondents are aware of the sanctions, compliance with the policy is expected. Thus,
imposition of penalty could inculcate discipline and change in the attitude of the
respondents towards the obedience of the policy.
Statement number 12 has a weighted mean of 2.39 (ranked 12th). The table shows
that the respondents are uncertain whether violators (establishments) of the ordinance
might be subjected to revocation of business permit and shall be disqualified to engage in
the same business. This implies that the knowledge of the people regarding this statement
in the ordinance is not broad. This statement reflects with the implementation of the policy,
in which even though it is clearly stated in the municipal ordinance, the enforcement of the
policy is not extensive.
On the other hand, respondents were uncertain with the statement number 5 which
ranked 13th. In the ordinance, it is authorized to use biodegradable plastics as packing or
bagging materials. This implies that for the respondents, biodegradable or non-
biodegradable is still plastic.
Statements 9 and 13 both fell in the undecided response. Respondents were not
aware that police has an authority given by the ordinance to monitor the maintenance of
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the said policy. This infers that the people do not know that the police are appointed by
the municipal ordinance in the monitoring and maintenance of the ordinance. Still, the
respondents were uncertain that the ordinance permits consumers to bring their own
plastics provided that the plastic bag will be properly stamped by proper authorities; this
implies that respondents are uncertain of the section 10 of the Municipal Ordinance
because it somehow contradicts to the aim of the ordinance to regulate the use of plastic
bags.This also results to confusion with the compliance with the ordinance which controls
but authorized the re-use of plastic bags.
Thus, by the power vested upon by the people to its government to create, execute
and interpret ordinances legitimatized the implementation and enforcement of the
municipal ordinance. Thus, the awareness and compliance of the people in every law
strengthen and shows that the government applies its legitimacy to its people.
However, the table reveals that the respondents were aware of most of the content
written in the municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03. Though there were statements that the
respondents answered uncertain, still most of the statements were comprehended by the
majority of the respondents.

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Table 2
Scope and Limitation of the Policy
STATEMENTS A (3) U (2) NA (1) WM QD R
F F F
1. The Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03 is being 74 22 4 2.7 A 1

implemented throughout the town of Lucban since 2009.
2. The Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03 covers all 75 17 8 2.67 A 2
enterprises on the use of biodegradable material as packing or
bagging material.
3. The Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03 also covers 61 25 14 2.47 A 5
households about the use of non-biodegradable material as
packing or bagging material.
4. The Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03 does not completely 33 40 27 2.06 U 8
prohibits the use of plastics that are not biodegradable.
5. The Municipal Ordinance 2008-03 covers only the 26 34 40 1.86 U 10

residence of Lucban.
6. The policehave the authority to issue tickets to violators of 26 44 30 1.96 U 9
7. The environmental aideshave the authority to issue tickets 61 27 12 2.49 A 4
to violators of Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03.
8. The ambulant vendors in the town of Lucban are not 18 37 45 1.73 U 11
subject to the power of the Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03.
9. Whoever violates Section 4 of the Municipal Ordinance 51 30 19 2.32 U 6
No. 2008-03 for the third time shall suffer revocation of
business permit and disqualification to engage in the same
business.
10. Except for environmental officers, environmental aides, 37 39 24 2.13 U 7
police and the barangay tanod have the power to arrest
violators in accordance with Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-
03.
11. The Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03 applies to the 64 24 12 2.52 A 3
school about the prohibition of using plastic as the packaging
or bagging materials.
Legend:
2.34- 3.00 Aware 2 Uncertain (U)
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The statements above show the level of awareness of the people with regard to the
scope and limitations of the policy.
Statement number 1 which rankedfirstindicates that 74% of the total population is
aware that it is in 2009 that the implementation of the municipal ordinance started.Aside
from compliance, since 2009 majority of the respondents are aware of the action of the
government to resolve environment degradation. Thus, the respondents are conscious of
the decision of the government in the involvement in the resolution of the circumstance. It
is followed by statement number 2, in which section 3 of the municipal ordinance stated
that, “This ordinance shall cover all markets, grocery stores, retail outlets, catering services
and other commercial stalls, business establishments, restaurants and eateries and entities
in all areas of the municipality.”
Thus, suggests that considering that majority of the respondents represents different
establishments they are aware of the power of jurisdiction covers the above mentioned
entities. Businesses generate jobs, opportunities and income;the government took into
consideration the condition of the municipality’s economy in implementing the ordinance
that has a direct impact on the responsiveness of the establishments covered by the
policy.However, the statements, “municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03 applies to the school
about the prohibition of using plastic as the packaging or bagging materials” ranked 3rd. the
statement implies that when it comes to the general involvement of establishments and
entities of the ordinance most of the respondents are aware of the extent of powers of the
municipal ordinance.
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However, the statement “The ambulant vendors in the town of Lucban are not
subject to the power of the Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03” asserts that the respondents
were uncertain whether the power of the ordinance extends with the ambulant vendors
within the municipality of Lucban. Also, statement number 5 which says that “The
Municipal Ordinance 2008-03 covers only the residence of Lucban” garnered the weighted
mean of 1.86 and acquired uncertain as a response. Thus implies that the awareness of the
respondents with regard to the specific provisions on the power of the ordinance is not
broad. Similarly, the statement “The police have the authority to issue tickets to violators
of Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03.” ranked 9thand has a weighted mean of 1.96.This
implies that people were uncertain whether the scope of the ordinance extends its power to
the policemen to issue citation tickets. And they are not aware of the deputized power
given by the municipal ordinance to enforce and implement the policy which is stated in
the Section 13 of the municipal ordinance.
Luna (2008) conducted a research entitled “Implementation of City
Ordinance1869 and Its Perceived Effects on the Awareness of Lucena City Residents
Regarding Proper Waste Management and Sanitation.” Luna concluded that “majority of
the respondents were aware of the existence of the implementation, and it was a good
ordinance that would alleviate the city’s waste problem. The majority of the respondents
responded that they have enough knowledge and the government was effective in
disseminating information about the ordinance in terms of the fines or penalties on
violations and the ordinance taught majority of the respondents about proper waste
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management.” Thus, it is but relevant that the subjects are well aware of the penalties,
violations and fines that could be the basis of effectiveness of the policy.
Thus, in terms of the governance, the government must be able to achieve a
conducive and legal environment which regulates the behavior and actions of individual
particularly the subject of their jurisdiction. It is the government that make, executes laws
that individuals and institutions are expected to recognize, respect and follow (Dannug &
Campanilla, 2004).
The statements above assert that the respondents’ awareness is clearer when
establishments or the general public is the scope of the provisions. While, when certain
individual is involved it is ambiguous for the respondents if the extent of powers of the
ordinance cover it.

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Table 3.
Advocacy of the Policy
STATEMENTS A (3) U (2) NA (1) WM QD RA
F F F
1. The Municipal Ordinance No.2008-03 aims to 90 7 3 2.87 A 4.5

reduce the use of plastics.
2. The Municipal Ordinance No.2008-03 aims to reduce 83 12 5 2.78 A 10
the sale of plastics in the town of Lucban.
3. The Municipal Ordinance ensures the 85 14 1 2.84 A 7
endorsement of the “balulang”as the primary
shroud.
4. The Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03 aims to 91 6 3 2.88 A 2
reduce flooding caused by the use of plastics.
reduce pollution.
prevent the destruction of nature.
7. The Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03 aims to 90 7 3 2.87 A 4.5
raise the level of awareness of the people about
environmental protection.
8. The Municipal Ordinance No. 2008- 78 17 5 2.73 A 11
03 has advocacy to combat climate change.
10. Municipal Ordinance No. passed. 2008-03 to 89 9 2 2.87 A 4.5
maintain the beauty of Lucban.
10. The Municipal Ordinance preserves and 89 9 2 2.87 A 4.5
ensures the beauty of the town of Lucban by
enforcing the citizens of proper use of non-
11. The Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03 reveals 83 7 5 2.68 A 12
the importance of discipline in the limited use of
plastics.
12. The Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03 provides 85 10 5 2.60 A 13
discipline that fosters strong relationships between
local government and citizens.
13. Purpose of the Municipal Ordinance No. 2008- 89 5 6 2.83 A 8
03 became ZERO-Plastic Zone the town of Lucban.
Legend:
2.34- 3.00 Aware 2 Uncertain (U)
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All of the statement above indicates that the respondents are aware of the advocacy
of the policy.
The statement number 6 got the highest rank with the weighted mean of 2.89 shows
that people were aware that theprimary aim of the Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03 is to
prevent the destruction of nature.Followed by statement number 4 which states that the
municipal ordinance aims to reduce pollution which indicates that people are aware of the
environmental aims and benefits of the policy.
Thus, the study of Escamilla (2005) seeks the level of awareness of the
respondents that pertains to the protection and conservation of the environment, the
essence of the Sangguniang Barangay in the implementation and effectiveness of the
implementers (Protected Area Management Board) in her study and Municipality of
Lucban in the case of the researcher. Also, the information and education campaign that is
part of the level of awareness.
Statement 12, “Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03 provides discipline that fosters
strong relationships between local government and citizens” has the least weighted mean
and ranked 13th. Thus implies that it could be one of the advocacies of the policy but is the
least reason why the municipal ordnance was implemented and does not directly reflect
with the imposition of the policy.
Statement number 11 says that the municipal ordinance reveals the importance of
discipline in the limited use of plastics since the orientation of the ordinance is to change
the way people use plastic. Though respondents are aware of this benefit, is difficult to
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inculcate this advocacy because the respondents are already used to the convenience of
using plastics as bagging material. While statement number 8 ranked 11th and implies that
the respondents sees that the relevance of the advocacy to fight climate change is of least
importance, but reflects to the aim of the municipal ordinance.
Accordingly, disciplinary act and environmental awareness programis now
surrounding Lucban not only for its cleanliness but for the welfare of the people as well.
Lucban also aims to be a role model to the neighboring towns in the province (Seggara,
2011, para 5).
All in all, environment benefits and aim ranked the highest in terms of the
awareness of the respondents, while discipline, and strong relationship raked least thus
implies that it is easier to grasp general concept than to accept changes within self.
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Part II. The Level of Implementation of Zero-Plastic Policy of the Municipal
Government of Lucban, Quezon.
Table 4
Intensity of the Implementation of the Policy
STATEMENTS SI PI NI WM QD R
(3) (2) (1)
F F F
1. The ordinance regulates the sale of non- 8 1 1 2.7 SI 5

2. The ordinance is requiring all retail stores to use 9 1 - 2.9 SI 1
paper or a cloth bag, biodegradable plastics or
biodegradable containers as wrapping of goods
rather non-biodegradable plastics.
3. The ordinance is requiring all restaurants to 8 1 1 2.6 SI 8.5
use paper or a cloth bag, biodegradable plastics or
biodegradable containers as wrapping of
goods rather than non-biodegradable plastics.
4. The violators who violated the ordinance twice 1 5 4 1.7 PI 13
will be imprisoned for five days (5).
5.The establishments are allowed to use container 8 2 - 2.8 SI 2.5
made of biodegradable materials.
6. Agents or delivery men is prohibited tosell or 7 2 1 2.6 SI 8.5
distribute the same or unload non-biodegradable
plastics or similar items in any establishments of
Lucban.
7. All agents or delivery man is not permitted to 8 1 1 2.7 SI 5
deliver or sell any kind of non-biodegradable
plastics.
8. The environmentalenforcers and aide strictly 7 2 1 2.6 SI 8.5
monitors the implementation of the Municipal
Ordinance no. 2008-03.
9. The police strictly monitor the implementation 1 4 5 1.6 NI 14
of the Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03.
10. The violators of the Municipal Ordinance No. 6 3 1 2.5 SI 11
2008-03 are given fines.
11. The plastics that the violators of the Municipal 7 2 1 2.6 SI 8.5
Ordinance No. 2008-03 possess will be
confiscated.
12. The violators of the Municipal Ordinance No. 2 6 2 2.0 PI 12
2008-03 will not be given permit to engage in the
business if it has been already foreclosed.
13. Consumers are not allowed to bring their own 1 2 7 1.4 NI 15
old plastics as wrapper or casing.
14. The violators are issued ticket indicating the 9 - 1 2.8 SI 2.5
violated provision in the Municipal Ordinance No.
2008-03.
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15. The violators are issued ticket indicating the 8 1 1 2.7 SI 5
punishment in the Municipal Ordinance No. 2003.
Legend:
1.00- 1.66 Not Implemented QD Qualitative Distribution
1.67- 2.33 Partially Implemented 3 Strictly Implemented (SI)
2.34- 3.00 Strictly Implemented 2 Partially Implemented (PI)
WM Weighted Mean 1 Not Implemented (NI)
Table 4 shows the majority of the statements above mentioned is being strictly
implemented by the municipal government. Nevertheless, there are statements that are
partially implemented.
The statement “The ordinance is requiring all retail stores to use paper or a cloth
bag, biodegradable plastics or biodegradable containers as wrapping of goods rather non-
biodegradable plastics” ranked 1st in the level of implementation, thus denotes that there is
a strict implementation on sari-sari stores in the use of environment-friendly containers as
packing or bagging materials.This implies that since sari-sari store are easily monitored by
the enforcers, the level of implementation is focused on these kinds of establishments.
While both statements (5 and 14) ranked 2.5 having the weighted mean of 2.8, strict
implementation of permitting establishments to use biodegradable containers like brown
paper, balulang, bayong or buri, or cartons as packing or bagging materials. Thus, strictly
implements the issuance of citation tickets to the violators of the ordinance which is very
important because sanctions serve as a disciplinary action and measurement of the
effectiveness of the implementation.
The statement “the violators of the Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03 will not be
given permit to engage in the business if it has been already foreclosed” ranked 12th, it
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indicates that this penalty is partially implemented by the officialsand it is difficult to
implement. Policies like this which is concerned with the granting of benefits to a specific
interests and a burden to some in this particular, the establishments. Since it has been only
three years since the start of the implementation explains why the government partially
implements the sanction.Thus, it could affect their income form the taxes that these
establishments pay.
The statement “violators who violated the ordinance twice will be imprisoned for
five days” (5) ranked 13th4% of the officials responded that it is not implemented.
Meanwhile, police strictly monitor the implementation of the Municipal Ordinance No.
2008-03 ranked 14th is partially implemented 5% of the officials responded that the
statement is not implemented.
“Consumers are not allowed to bring their own old plastics as packing or bagging
containers statements” is not implemented. Thus it is justly because according to the
Section 10 of the municipal ordinance which states that, “Consumers may provide
themselves with non-biodegradable plastic bags or other sturdy reusable bags, boxes or
crate or containers in the public market, provided that in case of non-biodegradable plastic
bags, the same shall be properly marked/ stamped by proper authorities at the entrance of
the public market to determine the reuse of plastic bags in compliance with the ordinance.”
The statements explain that the intensity of the implementationdepends on certain
provisions that are stated in the Municipal Ordinance.
According to Dannug & Campanilla (2004), governance for it to be good must
know the language and extraordinariness. A drive away from the ordinary, a decision away
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from the usual, and results away from the routinely is extraordinary. On this note, the
move of the government can be describe as extraordinary, the decision of taking away the
convenience that the plastic gives to its people and practicing the old way of packing
things, the only problem is the move or process to have an extraordinary result. The
intensity of the implementation is very relevant and must be given importance. All the
stated provisions must be strictly followed not only by the subject but also the
implementers.
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Table 5
Extent of the Jurisdiction of the Policy
STATEMENTS SI (3) PI (2) NI (1) WM QD R
F F F
1 .The power of the ordinance covers the entire 9 - 1 2.8 SI 2

Municipality of Lucban.
2. All business establishments in Lucban are 6 3 1 2.5 SI 6
allowed to use only biodegradable material as
packaging for their sold goods.
3. The use of plastics in the households is 3 3 4 1.9 NI 8
covered by the power of the local government.
4. There are some non- 5 4 1 2.3 PI 7
biodegradable (reusable or obsolete) container
s that are permitted to use by the
establishments for packaging.
5. Anyone who violates the ordinance (from 8 1 1 2.7 SI 3
Lucban or not) will immediately be subjected
to punishment.
6. The police issues ticket to the violators of - 2 8 1.2 NI 10
the Municipal ordinance No. 2008-03.
7. The environmental enforcers and aides issue 7 2 1 2.6 SI 4.5
tickets to the violators of the Municipal
8. Ambulant vendors are covered by the power 7 2 1 2.6 SI 4.5
of the ordinance.
9. Business establishments that violated certain - 8 2 1.8 PI 9
provision are foreclosed.
10. Barangay tanod have the power to - 1 9 1.1 NI 11
apprehend the violators of the ordinance.
11. Schools (canteen) are prohibited to use 10 - - 3.0 SI 1
plastics as bagging or packaging materials.
Legend:
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The data above presents the extent of powers of the municipal ordinance in
terms of its implementation.
The statement “schools (canteen) are prohibited to use plastics as bagging
or packaging materials the municipal ordinance covers school canteens in the prohibition
of the use of plastics” ranked 1st in extent of the policy in which all entities are subjected to
the jurisdiction of the policy. Therefore canteens and other entities within the municipality
are covered by the power of the Zero Plastic policy.
The power of the ordinance covers the entire Municipality of Lucban
ranked 2nd, but 1 of the respondent officials responded that it is not implemented which is
quiet strange because since all of them were officials who were directly involved in the
municipal ordinance all of them must know the scope and limitations of the policy. The
statement “anyone who violates the ordinance (from Lucban or not) will immediately be
subjected to punishment” ranked third (2.7 WM), it is strictly practiced that all entities
within the municipality of Lucban who will violate or violated the ordinance will be
subjected to penalty.
Statement 9, states that the business establishments that violated certain provision
are foreclosed. This explicates that it is only partially implemented by the officials, thus
the extent of their power towards foreclosing establishments one way or anotheris not
extremely practiced.
The statement “The police issues ticket to the violators of the Municipal ordinance
No. 2008-03” ranked 10th, which clarifies that the extent of power of the ordinance with
regard to the direct involvement of the policemen is not implemented.

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Ranked 11th explains that barangay tanods do not have powers to apprehend
violators of the Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03 which is true because it is not stated in
the municipal ordinance.
Based on the table above, it explains that the strictness of the level of
implementation of the policy depends on the subject of the being affected by the extent of
powers. To expound further, the implementers identifies which entities can be constrained
and which is partially restricted. And the extent and limit of the power of the enforcers is
the Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03 itself.
In the extent of powers, statements in the municipal ordinance must be in its
simplest form so that the execution of the policy would be clear not only for the subject but
also for the implementers. Thus, duties must be well defined for the interpretation;
implementation and the regulations of the policies would be done properly.

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Table 6
Management of the Policy
STATEMENTS SI (3) PI (2) NI (1) WM QD R
F F F
1. Ensuring the compliance of establishments in 4 6 - 2.4 SI 11

reducing the use of non-biodegradable plastics
by conducting seminars.
2. Ensuring 8 1 1 2.7 SI 10
the compliance of establishments with no selling of non-
3. Ensuring the endorsement of the “balulang”as the 8 2 - 2.8 SI 6
primary shroud.
4. Ensuring the reduction of incidence 9 1 - 2.9 SI 2
of flooding by reducing the use of non-
5. Ensuring the compliance of the people 8 2 1 2.8 SI 6
and establishments in the use ofbiodegradable
plastics to reduce pollution.
6. Ensuring the compliance of the people 7 3 - 2.7 SI 10
and establishments in the use ofbiodegradable
plastics to reduce environmental degradation.
7. Ensures the distribution of 8 2 - 2.8 SI 6
leaflets containing information on proper care for
theenvironment.
8. Ensures the resistance to climate through the 6 3 1 2.5 SI 12
ordinance.
9. Ensuring the availability of environmental aide to 9 1 - 2.9 SI 2
maintain the cleanliness of the town of Lucban.
10. Preserving and ensuring the beauty of the town 9 1 - 2.9 SI 2
of Lucban by enforcing the citizens of proper use of
non-biodegradable plastics.
11. Ensuring to show the importance of discipline 8 2 - 2.8 SI 6
in the use of plastics to citizens through posters and
leaflets distributed.
12. Ensuring good interaction of citizens and local 8 2 - 2.8 SI 6
governments through regular meetings about the
ordinance.
13. Ensuring that Lucban will be a Zero- Plastic 7 3 - 2.7 SI 10
Zone through the ordinance.
Legend:
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All statements above mentioned are strictly implemented.
Statements 2, 9and 10 ranked 2nd this explains that 9 out ten officials responded
that there is a strict implementation with regards to the management of the ordinance
byreducing the use of non-biodegradable plastics, ensuring the availability of
environmental aide,and enforcing the citizens of proper use of non-biodegradable plastics
that leads to the reduction of incidence of flooding, maintenance of the cleanliness of the
town of Lucban and preserving the beauty of the town of Lucban. These statements are the
advantages that people and governments benefits and the result can be easily determinedby
the strict implementation of the ordinance and observation of their environment.
The statement “ensuring the compliance of establishments in reducing the use of
non-biodegradable plastics by conducting seminars” ranked 11th, which refers to the
management that seminar is not the main tool of the government in informing the people of
the existing ordinance.
Lastly, the statement “ensures the resistance to climate change through the
ordinance” is the least. This implies that since we cannot easily measure the effect of
climate change and that issue is far-reaching, it is the least of the reason of the aims of the
implementation of the ordinance.
Thus, arelevant study on the awareness to protect our environment is entitled “A
Stewardship Move on Climate Change” in this study De Castro (2009) discussed what
causes climate change and its effect to the environment, especially in our country. Whereas
stated in the study is the most susceptible to climate hazard due to our location and the
terrain of our country. The study gave number of easy things that we could do to help our
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environment. Accordingly, concluded that the solutions to the problems of destructing
climate change must be taken concern immediately, because we cannot wait until the
effects become obvious and surely will be too late to act to find solution. The concept of
protecting our environment in fighting against climate change must be fully inculcated in
the minds of the respondents, because it is the main purpose of the implementation of the
ordinance. Awareness and better understanding of this advocacy could lead to a
participative people, effective implementation and attainment of objectives.
The statements above shows what are the tools of the government in the
management of the program. It implies that the primary aims of the ordinance is
revitalization of the environment and avoid further destruction through the implementation
and compliance of the ordinance. And the least priority of the implementation is resistance
to climate change, reduction of the use of non-biodegradable material and aim of a Zero
Plastic Zone, perhaps the least priorities are takes a long period of time before it manifests.
Thus, understanding relationships in governance is important andsignificant in so
far as managing change, people and institutions concerned. If the government would
address proper management and tools in the implementation of a program, needs and
expectations of its subject would be realized and effectiveness of the program would be
gained.
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PART I. Profile of the Respondents
Educational
Respondent Age Sex Civil Status Attainment Position
A 45 Female Married College Graduate MENRO
B 38 Male Married College Municipal
Undergraduate Administrator
C 37 Female Married College Graduate Administrative
Aide I
D 36 Male Married College Environmental
Undergraduate Enforcer
E 24 Male Single College Graduate Administrative
Aide I
F 23 Female Single College Graduate Environmental
Enforcer
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PART II.Transcriptions of the Interviews with the officials respondents
Table 7
Transcribed responses of the Officials as to the Sustainability Plans of the Government of
Lucban in terms of the Enforcement of the Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03.
CODES/CATEGORIES TRANSCRIPTIONS
No sustainability plans A. sa kasalukuyan ay, since wala pang
amendment ay as is pa yung implementation
nung law…
Researches B. patuloy ang pagpapatupad ng bayan ng
Lucban doon sa ating ..kami’y nakabase pa
rin doon sa nilalaman ng ating kautusan…
patuloy po ang aming pag-aaral, patuloy ang
aming pagsasaggawa ng pananaliksik kung
papaano lalo pang makakatupad kami doon
sa sinasabi, di lamang sa sinasabi nung
ordinance
Information and Education Campaign C tuloy- tuloy na implementation, e di yung
through seminars mga seminars para malaman, distribution ng
mga leaflets.
Information and Education Campaign D. ang plano pong ito ay ang sa
pagpapanatili ngating ah (pause) nga ting
Zero Plastic Policy upang ito ay malaman n
gating mamamayan na talagang tayo ay ah
kung maaari ay iwasan na nating ang plastik
No sustainability plans D. Para lang mapanatili ang zero ordinance
ay ung siguro ang magagawa lang ng tao ay
ung enforcement….. Mas malaki ang pwersa
mas malaki ang impact sa tao…Kaya dapat
mapalakas uli ang pag-eenforce
No sustainability plans E. Ah yung nagkaroon ngE nvironmental
Enforcers ah para mapanatili…namin na
gabayan na din yung mga tao na di gumamit
at sumunod na din sa batas
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As shown in the table 7, many of the officials do not have an idea what will be the
sustainability plans of the government for the enforcement of the policy, one of the official
said that they continue researching to comply with the provisions of the Municipal
Ordinance but there are no definite strategy that would sustain the enforcement of the
policy. Aside from the information dissemination of the policy through seminars there are
no other concrete plans. This implies that since the ordinance has only been implemented
for three years, the government has not yet drafted sustainability plans on the enforcement
of the policy. Continuous implementation regarding the enforcement of the policy is the
concern of the government based on the answers given by the respondents as of the
moment.
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Table 8
TranscribedResponses of the Official as to the Sustainability Plans of the Government of
Lucban in terms of the Monitoring of the Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03.
constant monitoring A. …tuloy-tuloy hindi naman naming,
meron nga kaming environmental enforcers
constant monitoring with the help of B. …unang una nating kailangan natin ay
barangays mga tao… yung mga tao ng munisipyo in
coordination dun sa mga tulong ng mga
barangay officials…
constant monitoring C. ang monitoring ay di ang tuloy tuloy na
panghuhuli. Ahm, kung baga yung sa
pagbibigay ng business permits, dapat
meron silang business permit. Ayun.
constant monitoring with the help of D. ang pagmomonitor po ay sa
barangays pamamagitan po namin (EO), ang mga
kagawad na mga environmental sila po ay
katulong namin sa pagpapatupad nitong ah
ito nga pong sinasabing ordinansang ito.
reporting/ evaluating E. katulad di nung number 3… kami naman
ay may consecutive reporting para
malaman namin kung anon ng update sa
ordinansa.
No idea F... para mapanatili yung monitoring ng
ordinansa, ah ah hindi, hindi naman
nagkulang, hindi naman nagtanggal ng
empleyado na tututok dun sa ordinansa
para masabi ng mga tao kasi kung wala na
yung nagmomonitor sa ordinansa
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As shown in table 8, reporting and evaluation are part of the sustainability plans to
ensure the monitoring of the establishments, the compliance with the ordinance and the
monitoring of the violators. Evaluation measures if the sustainability plans are obtained
through the used strategies and tools or the need to have other tactics for better monitoring.
Thus, continuous monitoring of the enforcers are the answers of most of the
officials which implies that there is no direct plans aside from reporting and evaluation to
ensure the monitoring of the ordinance. Respondents E has no idea about the sustainability
of the ordinance which might be because she recent in the agency.

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Table 9
Transcribed Responses of the Officials as to the Sustainability Plans of the Government of
Lucban in terms of the imposition of penalty of the Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03.
No sustainability plans A. yung pagpapataw ng parusa it is
incorporated already in the Municipal
Ordinance. So bago ito mabago, bago ito
ma-magkaroon ng ah, ng ah pagkakaiba ay
dapat ay may amendment sa law.
No sustainability plans B. ang mga parusa dun sa mga lumalabag
sa Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03 ay
malinaw namang nakalagay dun sa
ordinansa at sa tingin namin ito ay sapat
na
No sustainability plans C. ang mga plano ng tanggapan [stutter]
sa pagpapanatili ng pagpapataw ng parusa
sa Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03 ay
yung pagbibigay ng mga multa, kung ano
yung naandun sa mga law yun yung
pinapatupad, pinapanatili naming yun.
No sustainability plans D. ang plano po n gating tanggapan sa
pagpapataw ng parus, sila po ay
pinagmumulta namin at sila po ay
iniisyuhan name ng citation ticket at sila po
ay ah dinudulog sa aming himpilan upang
sila ay magbayad ng sa kanilang
kaukulang pataw na parusa.
No sustainability plans E. Ung pagpaparusa naman kase ung

penalty naman dito ay naka stated dito
(Municipal Ordinance).
No sustainability plans F. bale dun sa batas namin nakasaad
naman dun, as stated naman kung ano
yung mga karampatang parusa dun sa mga
nahuhuli…
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As shown in table 9, the basis of the sustainability plans of the government would
be the amendment of the law. However,the sustainability plans must be based and
designed on the existing law or encompass future circumstances. Thus, sustainability
concerns about the “one that meets the needs of the present but without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” (Roberto, 2002). It is a must for a
government to plan especially in this kind of policy in which long term plans must be put
up to acquire the long term effects of the policy. Since imposition of penalty is very
relevant in the sustainability plans, Dannung & Campanilla asserts that sanctions are an
enforcement of obedience used by the rulers to their subjects to supplement voluntary
acceptance of their authority (2004). The government has not yet seen the relevance of the
sustainability plans on the imposition of penalty of the ordinance.
Governance fails and succeeds through time, if the government would not act on
the planning of sustaining the imposition of penalty, the relevance of the program would
not be seen by its subjects and thus would result into ineffective implementation. (Dannug
& Camapanilla, 2004).

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Table 10
Transcribed Responses of the Official as to the Sustainability Plans of the Government of
Lucban in terms of the contribution of the Sangguniang Barangay the Municipal
Funding A. kalimitan naman nataya sila eh… yung
Manpower effort naman nila nakikita lagi naman
silang nandun
Implementation of the Policy B. lagi naming tinatanong kung ano ang
posibleng contribution dahil , higit sa lahat
mas kilala nila ang kanilang
nasasakupan… sila yung pangunahing
tagapagpatupad
Funding C. ahh..pera, ganun. Diba? Siyempre
manpower kelangan natin ng pondo, kasi yung mga
leaflets kelangan natin ng pondo. At saka
yung pagbabando namin, pamamahala.
Manpower D. ang naiaambag ko lang sa mga
barangay sa mga kagawad sa
Environmental, sana tuloy-tuloy
ipagpatuloy natin ang programang ito.
Guidance E. dahil nga sila ay mga politikong tao na
manpower din kaya di na sila nila kayang manghuli,
kaya paala ala nalang
Reports on the update F. kontribusyon nila, yun kasi nga bawat
manpower barangay may committee on environment
kagawad sila yung ngarereport sa amin sa
mga environmental enforcers tapos kami
yung gumagawa ng action kasi kami yung
intact dito sa programang municipal
ordinance 2008-03
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As shown in table 10, the sustainability plans of the local government interms of
the contribution are the following:manpower, the Sangguniang barangays are expected to
report updates on the implementation of the ordinance in their respective areas. Guide and
remind their respective subordinates andif they could set aside politics, they can assist
environmental enforcers in the monitoring and enforcement of the ordinance. Thus,
continue the financial assistance that they give to the municipal government for the
programs and materials that will be used to further sustain the municipal ordinance.
In addition, sustainability as Roberto (2002) said “depends on the trend in the
donor community for extending finding support for the program. “
Furthermore, the following are strategies that could help the government develop a
base for resources so that they are not dependent on one source of funding: 1. Developing
financial management; 2. Resource mobilization; and 3. Income generation. (Roberto,
2002)
The Sangguniang Barangay plays a big role in term of their contribution on the
sustainability planning they can be the one to enforce and execute the sustainability plans.
They can be a tool for the funding of the municipal ordinance so that there could be other
sources of budget that the government could use for sustaining the municipal ordinance
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Table 11
Transcribed Responses of the Officials as to the Sustainability Plans of the Government of
Lucban in terms of the participation of the Sangguniang Barangay the Municipal
Involvement in sustainability Planning A. parang ganito yun, sinasabi nga from
the grassroot level, kung baga’y… ang
munisipyo naminay palaging ganun. Hindi
kami nakaranas ng mag… kukuha ng
project, ibibigay sa kanila, hindi pala nila
kelangan, ibibigay ay namin. Kung baga’y
dapat laging participatory.
Involvement in the sustainability Planning B. ang Sangguniang Baranagay ay laging
katuwang ng munisipyo… meron silang
regular meeting with our GSO at
environment enforcers
Effort C. ay yung, ..Priority ay yung effort. Ayun.
Human Resource Yun na. [ laughs]
Man power on the enforcement D. ang katulong namin, kung meron pong
kaunting ahh kung merong mga bagay na
tungkol sa plastic sila po yung mga
katulong namin, kami yung nag-iisyu ng
ticket at sila naman.. Mga kasama namin.
Man power on the enforcement E. kasama namin ang committee on
environment bilang enforcers, tapos
biglang naglaho, biglang wala na [ laughs]
… pero dati kasama sila sa meeting . Pero
sa panahon ngayon siguro muling bubuo
para muling mabalik sa sirkulasyon
Involvement in the sustainability planning F. before dati nagkakaron ng meeting ang
mga EO together with the Environement
Committee kagawad… meeting yun
meeting dun sa kanila tapos nagplaplano
kung ano pa ang dapat gawin para sa
barangay para sa ordinansa
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As shown in table 11, manpower regarding the enforcement and the effort of the
Sangguniang Barangay and in the involvement in the planning of the sustainability of the
ordinance is the direct participation of the Sangguniang Barangay.Hence direct access and
actions in their respective community, the municipal government always refers to
Sangguniang Barangay strengthens the plans of the local government because project and
programs that each barangay really needs re the programs that are being given.Thus it
implies the willingness of the local government to give credit to the Sangguniang Barangay
in their participation on the sustainability plans, which upholds unity from a bottom to top-
approach.
According to Dannug and Campanilla, “governance needs the presence and drive of
a team”. The teams plans, strategizes, legislates, execute, follows through and evaluates.
The purpose of it is to achieve goals, envision, act, think and strategies together. This
approach is to attain unity in every program that the municipal government plans,
particularly in this study the sustainability plans. This would create better communication
and effectiveness in sustaining the ordianance.

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Table 12
Transcribed responses of the Officials as to the Sustainability Plans of the Government of
Lucban in Sustaining the Sources of Biodegradable Containers such as Bayong, Paper
Bags and Buri.
Tree planting A. nagtatanim o nagpatamin na dito sa may
May-it ng mga hagikik… pandan leaves…
Tree planting B. patuloy naman po ang pagtatanim yun
nga lang ang malaking problema ay yung
pagliit ng mga pinagkukunan namin ng
pandan, na pangunahing materyales sa
paggawa ng bayong…, pag-aaralan narin
natin kung paano makakakalap ng
teknolohiya hingil sa pagtatanim ng
pandan.
Tree planting C. mga plano (looks at her notes) gumawa
ng sarili, magtanim ng pandan, magtanim
ng hagikik at tsaka puno nga tulad ng mga
saging bilang alternatibo.
Importation of raw materials from other D. siguro pwede silang ah umangkat sa
neighboring municipalities. ibang bayan. Halimbawa sa Lucian, yun
lang talaga yung masasabi ko,..sa
Sampaloc.
No idea E. hindi ko pa alam, para kasing,
pagdating kasi sa gamit
No idea F. sa plano ng pamahalaan about sa suplay
ay wala pa akong naririnig pero yung ilang
mga negosyante, ilang tindahan dito na
dun mo na mabibiling yung lahat kelangan
mong pambalot except plastic.
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As shown in table 12, the sustainability plans of the government of lucban in
sustaining the sources of biodegradable containers such as bayong, paper bags and buri is
planting trees that could sustain the supply that the municipality needs and thus protects
the environment and importation from the neighboring municipalities is also suggested.
Thus two of the officials were not aware of the plans of the municipal government. Thus,
implies that the government has not yet proposed sustainability plans in leading the
sustenance of the materials used to produce biodegradable or environment- friendly
containers.
However, sustainability is important to making sure that we have and will
continue to have, the water, materials, and resources to protect human health and our
environment (EPA, n.d.para 1 &2).Theories of sustainability attempt to prioritize and
integrate social responses to environmental and cultural problems, in a political model
looks to social systems that realize human dignity (Berkshire Encyclopedia, n.d. p. 380-
384).
If the government would not create a concrete and attainable sustainability plans
on the resources, the aim for a healthier environment would not be attained because most
of the raw materials arenot limitless and scarced.

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CHAPTER V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
The chapter presents the summary, findings and conclusion and recommendation
of the study. It is a brief description and evaluation of the study that provides theory and
interpretation of the gathered data from the people of Lucban and the Local Government.
The researcher used survey question and interview protocol as research instrument
to gather data. Thus, the researcher had collected related literatures and studies which are
relevant to the study.
The study was conducted to probe the level of implementation of the Local
Government of Lucban with regard to the Zero- Plastic policy as to the level of awareness
of the people and the sustainability plans of the Local Government.
Summary of Findings
Based on the data gathered from the respondents, the following findings are
obtained:
1. Majority of the respondents (establishments) were females compared to their
male counterpart who was represented by 31% of the total population. 17% of the
respondents belonged to the age bracket of 26- 30 years old, followed by the age bracket of
21-25years old which is 16% of the total number of respondents. Most of the respondents
are college graduates garnering 38% of the total number of the population. Subsequently,
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28% of the respondents were college undergraduate followed by 20% high school
graduate.22% of the respondents are into eatery and restaurant business;19% were from the
sari-sari store and grocery business.
While, 70% of the official- respondents were male and 30% of the total numbers of
respondent were females.Consequently, 30% of the officials are included in the age bracket
of 21-25; 40% of the officials belonged to the age bracket 41-45 years old.Majority or 80%
of the officials were college graduate, 10% college graduate and 10% High School
Graduate.Most of the officials are Barangay Kagawad composed of 50% of the total
population; Administrative Aide and Environmental enforcer each have 20% of the total
population of the respondents; MENRO has10% of the total population.
2. “The Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03 is known as the ordinance regulating the
sale of plastic bag / plastic cellophane as packing/ bagging materials and the use of
biodegradable materials within the municipality of Lucban” denoted the overview of the
ordinance, it ranked highest. Majority of the respondents were aware that the ordinance
regulates the use and sale of plastic bags and promotes the use of non-biodegradable
materials. While, “The police monitor the implementation of the Municipal Ordinance No.
2008-03” and “Consumers may provide themselves with non-biodegradable plastics
provided that the plastic bags shall be properly stamped by proper authorities before
entering the public market” both fell in the undecided response. Respondents were not
aware that police has an authority given by the ordinance to monitor the maintenance of
the said policy. Still, the respondents were not aware that the ordinance permits consumers
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to bring their own plastics provided that the plastic bag will be properly stamped by proper
authorities; this implies that respondents are uncertain of the section 10 of the Municipal
Ordinance because it somehow contradicts to the aim of the ordinance to regulate the use
of plastic bags. Meanwhile, with regard to the awareness of the people on the scope and
limitations of the policy, “The Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03 is being implemented
throughout the town of Lucban since 2009” statement which ranked first indicates that
74% of the total population is aware that it was in 2009 that the implementation of the
municipal ordinance started. While, “The ambulant vendors in the town of Lucban are not
subject to the power of the Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03” asserts that the respondents
were uncertain whether the power of the ordinance extends with the ambulant vendors
within the municipality of Lucban. On the other hand, the advocacy of the policy got the
highest rank with the weighted mean of 2.89 shows that people were aware that the
primary aim of the Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03 is to prevent the destruction of
nature. However, “Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03 provides discipline that fosters
strong relationships between local government and citizens” has the least weighted mean
and ranked 13th. Thus implies that it could be one of the advocacies of the policy but is the
least reason why the municipal ordnance was implemented and does not directly reflect
with the imposition of the policy.
3. The statement “The ordinance is requiring all retail stores to use paper or a cloth
bag, biodegradable plastics or biodegradable containers as wrapping of goods rather non-
biodegradable plastics” ranked 1st in intensity of the level of implementation, thus denotes
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that there is a strict implementation on sari-sari stores in the use of environment-friendly
containers as packing or bagging materials.While, “Consumers are not allowed to bring
their own old plastics as packing or bagging containers statements” is not implemented.
Thus it is justly because according to the Section 10 of the municipal ordinance which
states that, “Consumers may provide themselves with non-biodegradable plastic bags or
other sturdy reusable bags, boxes or crate or containers in the public market, provided that
in case of non-biodegradable plastic bags, the same shall be properly marked/ stamped by
proper authorities at the entrance of the public market to determine the reuse of plastic
bags in compliance with the ordinance.” On the other hand, the The statement“schools
(canteen) are prohibited to use plastics as bagging or packaging materials the municipal
ordinance covers school canteens in the prohibition of the use of plastics” ranked 1st in
extent of implementation of the policy in which all entities are subjected to the jurisdiction
of the policy. Yet, barangay tanods do not have powers to apprehend violators of the
Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03 which is true because it is not stated in the municipal
ordinance which ranked the least in the extent of implementation of the policy. While, in
the level of implementation on the management, 9 out ten officials responded that there is a
strict implementation with regards to the management of the ordinance by reducing the use
of non-biodegradable plastics, ensuring the availability of environmental aide, and
enforcing the citizens of proper use of non-biodegradable plastics that leads to the
reduction of incidence of flooding, maintenance of the cleanliness of the town of Lucban
and preserving the beauty of the town of Lucban. Thus, the statement “ensures the
resistance to climate change through the ordinance” is the least. This implies that since we
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cannot easily measure the effect of climate change and that issue is far-reaching, it is the
least of the reason of the aims of the implementation of the ordinance.
4. Many of the respondent officials do not have concrete idea what will be the
sustainability plans of the government for the enforcement of the policy, one of the official
said that they continue doing researches to comply with the provisions of the Municipal
Ordinance but there are no definite strategy that would sustain the enforcement of the
policy. With regard to the sustenance of monitoring, reporting and evaluation are part of
the sustainability plans to ensure the monitoring of the establishments, the compliance with
the ordinance and the monitoring of the violators. Evaluation measures if the sustainability
plans are obtained through the used strategies and tools or the need to have other tactics for
better monitoring. Aside from the information dissemination of the policy through
seminars there are no other perceptible plans. Thus, the basis of the sustainability plans on
the imposition of penalty of the government would be the amendment of the law. They
have not yet seen the need for amending the stated penalties in the municipal ordinance.,
the sustainability plans of the local government in terms of the contribution are the
following: manpower, the Sangguniang barangays are expected to report updates on the
implementation of the ordinance in their respective areas. Guide and remind their
respective subordinates and if they could set aside politics, they can assist environmental
enforcers in the monitoring and enforcement of the ordinance. Hence, manpower regarding
the enforcement and the effort of the Sangguniang Barangay and in the involvement in the
planning of the sustainability of the ordinance is the direct participation of the

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Sangguniang Barangay. Hence direct access and actions in their respective community, the
municipal government always refers to Sangguniang Barangay strengthens the plans of the
local government because project and programs that each barangay really needs re the
programs that are being given. lastly, the sustainability plans of the government of lucban
in sustaining the sources of biodegradable containers such as bayong, paper bags and buri
is planting trees that could sustain the supply that the municipality needs and thus protects
the environment and importation from the neighboring municipalities is also suggested.
Thus two of the officials were not aware of the plans of the municipal government.
Conclusions
Based on the summary of findings, the following conclusions are made:
1. That the people of Lucban are aware with regards to the content of the Municipal
Ordinance to the existing execution of the policy. Although, there are sections in the
municipal ordinance that are confusing and has a tendency to be misunderstood by the
people and its implementers. However, with the scope and limitation, it asserts that the
respondents’ awareness is clearer when establishments or the general public is the scope of
the provisions. While, when certain individual is involved it is ambiguous for the
respondents if the extent of powers of the ordinance still covers it.
Nevertheless, the people were very much aware of the advocacy of the policy that lies
within the creation of Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03 though the municipal ordinance
did not stated the rationale of its foundation. All in all, environment benefits and aim
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ranked the highest in terms of the awareness of the respondents, while discipline, and
strong relationship raked least thus implies that it is easier to grasp general concept than to
accept changes within self.
2. Explains that the intensity of the implementation depends on certain provisions
that are stated in the Municipal Ordinance. Thus, with regard to the extent of the level of
implementation, it explains that the strictness of the level of implementation of the policy
depends on the subject being affected by the extent of powers. To expound further, the
implementers identifies which entities can be constrained and which is partially restricted,
the extent depends upon the interpretation of the implementers of the Municipal
Ordinance. Also, the extent and limit of the power of the enforcers is the Municipal
Ordinance No. 2008-03 itself. While, on the level of implementation of the management of
the municipal ordinance, it depends on the tools that is being used by the government in
the attainment of the objectives. It implies that the primary aims of the ordinance is
revitalization of the environment and avoid further destruction through the implementation
and compliance of the ordinance. And the least priority of the implementation is resistance
to climate change, reduction of the use of non-biodegradable material and aim of a Zero
Plastic Zone, perhaps the least priorities are takes a long period of time before it manifests.
3. That the sustainability plans of the government for Municipal Ordinance No
2008-03 are not yet documented and most of the answers of the respondents are mere
assumption on the sustainability plans that they ought to do. Although, the answers given
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can be the start of an attainable sustainability plans like, increasing numbers of
environmental enforcers and to continue and strengthen the existing Information-
Education campaign through the help of the Sangguniang Barangay and the compliance of
the people.The Sangguniang Barangay could contribute and participate in the planning of
the sustainability plans, share in the funding and monitor in the implementation.
Recommendations
Based on the conclusion the researcher has attained the following recommendation;
1. That the section of the municipal ordinance must be stated in its simplest form
for the benefit of the people and the implementers. The legislators must clearly define what
are the prohibited materials and materials that are allowed. Thus, amendment or
clarification in the Section 4 of the ordinance must be taken action.
2. That the local government must establish enough number of environmental
enforcers and aide that could match the ratio of establishments to ensure strong
implementation of the policy. Thus, require the Barangay Kagawad on Committee on
Environment to have a comprehensive information campaign in their respective areas
regarding the ordinance. They must form a committee that would focus on the review of
the Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03, rephrase or delete sections that gives the police the
power to issue ticket to violators since the police does not contribute to the implementation
of the ordinance.
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3. The legislators together with the executive must construct a rationale behind the
implementation which should also be written in the municipal ordinance. Thus, they must
have a regular evaluation on the standing and implementation of the ordinance to ensure
that violators are punished according to the violated provisions.
4. They must have a documented sustainability plans for the municipal ordinance
to ensure that if ever the term of the current mayor ends the implementation and
enforcement of the ordinance will remain. Thus, the sustainability plans on the supply of
the raw materials that they use as packing or bagging materials. Tree-planting activities
must be constant to ensure that the supply of brown papers, buri and bayong will be
maintained, thus would contribute to the reforestation and fight against climate change,
and for the benefit of future generations.
Implications
This study will be significant endeavor in promoting environmental awareness not
only to the Lucban people but all the people who will read this. Thus, the study isalso
relevant in determining the level of implementation of the government which corresponds
to the awareness of the people who are the adherents of the policy. The study will give the
government ideas on which sections to improve and to the people the awareness of the
content, scope and limitation and advocacy of the policy.

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Also the study opens the idea of sustainability plans for the government to attain
the advocacy of the policy which is fighting climate change and environmental
degradation.
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References
Related Literature
Books:
________________. (2007). Taking sides: Clashing views on controversial environmental
issues 10th ed. Connecticut: McGraw-Hill.
Agpaoa, F.B., & Sanchez, C.A. (2009).Contemporary social problems and issues.3rd ed.
Mandaluyong City: National Bookstore.
Dannug, R. R., & Campanilla, M.B. (2004).Governance, politics and government with
Philippine constitution. 2nd Ed. Quezon City: National Bookstore.
Magstadt, T.M. (2006). Understanding politics. Australia: Thoms/ Wadsworth.
Nolledo, J.N., & Nolledo, M.S. (2008). The constitution of the Republic of the Philippines
explained. Mandaluyong City: National Bookstore.
Ordoñez, J.A, II. (2003). Environmental biology Philippine setting. Mandaluyong City:
National Bookstore.
Roberto, N. (2002). How to make local governance work listening to citizen’s voice and
taking action: The final scorecard. Metro Manila, Philippines: Asian Institute of
Management.
Shively, W.P. (2005). Power and choice an introduction to political science.9th Ed. New
York City: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.
Magazines/ Articles
De Castro, P.J. (2009).A stewardship move on climate change. MSEUF Quarterly, 47 (2),
34-
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Dela Cruz, J. (June 2011)How to become environment friendly.The Modern Teacher, 60
(1), 28.
Santos, D. F. Environmental awareness through environmental education.The Modern
Teacher, 60 (1), 28.
Maximiano, J.M.B. ( 1999). Earth, ethic and sustainable development.MSEUF Quarterly,
38 (1), 13.
Vergara, R.M. (2007). Sustainability of aggregate quarrying practices at Sariaya, Quezon.
MSEUF, Quarterly, 46 (1).
Electronic Sources:
__________. (2007). 7 years after Payatas tragedy, Philippines still mired in trash.
Pinoypress. Retrieved from http://www.pinoypress.net/2007/07/09/7-years-after-
payatas-tragedy-philippines-still-mired-in-garbage-crisis/
Adraneda, K. (2007). Say no to plastic, yes to bayong, other reusable bags. Philippine Star
Headlines.Retrieved from http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=32559
American Heritage Dictionary.(2011). Legitimacy. Retrieved from
http://www.answers.com/topic/legitimacy=
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Averilla,J. A. ( 2009). Typhoon Ondoy damage worth 4.7 billion. Ezinearticles.Retrieved
from http://ezinearticles.com/?Typhoon-Ondoy-Damage-Worth-4.7-
Billion&id=3008388
Berkshire Encyclopedia.Sustainability theory. Retrieved from
http://www.berkshirepublishing.com/assets_news/sustainability/Spirit_Sustainabilit
yTheory.pdf
Biology Cabinet Organization.(2008). Environmentalism. Retrieved from
http://www.biocab.org/Environmentalism.html
Burgonio, T.J. (2011). Philippine senate bill seeks to ban plastic bag.Inquirer Headlines /
Metro.Retrieved from
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view/20110406-
329637/Senate-bill-seeks-to-ban-plastic-bags
Elliot, L.(n.d.). Environmentalism.Questia Trusted Online Research. Retrieved from
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/189205/environmentalism
Kruf.(2009). Zero plastic lucban. Retrieved from
http://www.goheartfoundation.org/quezon.html
Mair, A.D., Gaac, J.G.,&Dinisco, M. Solid waste management in the Philippines: A small
island experience. Retrieved from www.environment.com
Morelos, M. (2011).City faces tough fight over plastics ban. Inquirer Headlines /
Metro.Retrieved from
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/metro/view/20110122-316009/City-
faces-tough-fight-over-plastics-ban
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Segarra,D. (2011). Sa Lucban walang plastic! Retrieved from
http://www.wowquezon.co/towns-cities/sa-lucban-walang-plasstik/
Testa, B.(2011). Green groups push national phase out of plastic bags.Interaksyon.
Retrieved from http://www.interaksyon.com/article/7463/green-groups-push-
national-phaseout-of-plastic-bags
The Free Dictionary.(n.d.)Environmentalism. Retrieved from
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Environmental+awareness
Arellano Law Foundation. (2001). RA 9003: Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of
2000.The Lawphil Project.Retrieved from http://www.arkicentral.com/Building-
Laws/RA-9003-Ecological-Solid-Waste-Management-Act-of-
2000?print=1&tmpl=component
Laws and ordinances:
Article II Section 16 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution
Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03
Republic Act 7160 also known as the 1991 Philippine Local Government Code
Republic Act No. 9512
Republic Act 9003 otherwise known as the Solid Waste Management Law.
Section 2238 of the Revised Administrative Code
Senate Bill No. 2759 also known as the “Total Plastic Bag Ban Act of 2011”
Related Studies:
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Capparros, A.B. (1993). Municipal Ordinance as perceived by the students of Eastern
Quezon College. Lucena City: MSEUF.
Escamillas, E.M. (2005). Effectiveness of the protected area management board (PAMB)
in the protection and conservation of Mt. Banahaw- San Cristobal protected
landscape as perceived by selected residents of Dolores, Quezon. Lucena City:
MSEUF.
Luna, S.J. (2008). Implementation of City Ordinance1869 and Its Perceived Effects on the
Awareness of Lucena City Residents Regarding Proper Waste Management and
Sanitation.Lucena City: MSEUF.

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TALLY SHEET
(Consumer- Business-Respondents)
I. Profile of the Respondents
Consumer and Business Respondents
A. Sex: 100
(31) Male lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-l

(69) Female lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-
lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-llll
100
B. Age: 100
(13) 16 – 20 yrs. Old lllll-lllll-lll (13) 41-45 yrs. Old lllll-lllll-lll

(16) 21- 25 yrs. Old lllll-lllll-lllll-l (6) 46- 50 yrs. Old lllll-l
(17) 26-30 yrs. Old lllll-lllll-lllll-ll (7) 51-55 yrs. Old lllll-ll
(14) 31-35 yrs. Old lllll-lllll-llll (2) 56 above ll
(12) 36-40 yrs. Old llll-lllll-ll
100
C. Educational Attainment: 100
(1) Elementary Undergraduate l

(3) Elementary Graduate lll
(7)High School Undergraduate lllll-ll
(20) High School Graduate lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll
(28)College Undergraduate lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lll
(38) College Graduate lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-llll-lllll-lll
(3)Others lll
100
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D. Occupation 100
(11)Convenience/ Drug Store lllll-lllll-l

(19)Sari- sari/ Grocery Store lllll-lllll-lllll-llll
(22)Restaurants/ eateries lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-ll
(7)Ambulant lllll-ll
(11)Wet market lllll-lllll-l
(11)Dry market lllll-lllll-l
(8)Bakery lllll-lll
(11) Consumers lllll-lllll-l
100
(Municipal- Barangay Officials)
A. Sex: 10
(7) Male lllll-ll
(3) Female lll
10
B. Age: 10
16- 20 yrs. Old (4)41-45 yrs. Old
(3) 21- 25 yrs. Old (1)46- 50 yrs. Old
26-30 yrs. Old 51- 55 yrs. Old
31-35 yrs. Old (1)56 above
(1)36-40 yrs. Old
10
C. Educational Attainment: 10
Elementary Undergraduate
Elementary Graduate
High School Undergraduate
(1)High School Graduate l
(1)College Undergraduate l
(8)College Graduate lllll-lll
10
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D. Position: 10
(1) MENRO l
(2) Administrative Aide ll
(2) Environmental Officer ll
(5) Barangay Kagawad lllll
10
Part II. Level of Awareness(Respondents)
A. Content of the Policy
STATEMENTS A(3) U(2) NA (1) total
1 The Municipal Ordinance lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-llll-llll-lllll-lllll- lllll-llll-9 lll- 3 100

No. 2008-03 is known as the
ordinance regulating the sale
of plastic bag / plastic lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-
cellophane as packing/
bagging materials and the
use of biodegradable lllll-lll- 88
materials within the
2. The Municipal Ordinance lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-llll- 9 lllll-ll- 7 100
No. 2008-03 requires all
retail stores to use paper or
cloth bag, biodegradable lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-
plastic or biodegradable
containers as wrapper or
packaging of goods instead lllll-llll -84
of non-biodegradable
plastics.
3. The Municipal Ordinance lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-llll-llll-lllll-lllll- lllll-llll- 10 llll- 4 100
No. 2008-03 is requiring all
restaurants to use paper or
cloth bag, biodegradable lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-
plastic or biodegradable
containers as wrapper or
packaging of goods instead lllll-l- 86
of non-biodegradable
plastics.
4. Violators of the Section 5 lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll-l 100
of the ordinance for the
second time shall have a
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sanction of five days lllll-llll-llll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll-l 31 -11
imprisonment.
lllll-lllll-lllll-lll - 58
5. The use of biodegradable lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-llll-llll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll- 100

plastic containers is
authorized by the Municipal
Ordinance No.2008-03. lllll-lllll-l- 51 lllll-ll- 27 lllll-lllll-
ll- 22
6. Agents or delivery men lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-llll-llll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll- 100

engaged in the sale of non-
biodegradable plastic bags
shall not be allowed to sell or lllll-lllll-lllll-lll 58 lllll-lllll-l- 26 lllll-l- 16
distribute the same or unload
non-biodegradable plastics
or similar items in any
establishments of Lucban.
7. Businesses engaged in the lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-llll-llll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll- 100
sale of non-biodegradable
plastics bags are prohibited
to sell non-biodegradable lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-ll- 67 llll- 19 llll- 14
plastics in any
establishments in the
8. Environmental Aides and lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-llll-llll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-llll- 100
Enforcers monitor the
implementation of the
Municipal Ordinance No. lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll 70 lllll- l- 21 9
2008-03.
9. The police monitor the lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-llll-llll-lllll-lllll-- lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll- 100

implementation of the
Municipal Ordinance No.
2008-03. l41 lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lll-
lllll-lllll-l- 18
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41
10. Violators of the lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-llll-llll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lll- 8 lllll-ll- 7 100

2008-03 may be fined.
lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-
lllll - 85
11. Violators of the lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-llll-llll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll- 100

2008-03 might suffer
confiscation of prohibited lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-ll- lllll-llll- l- 11
plastics.
77 24
12. Violators of the lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-llll-llll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll- 100

2008-03 might suffer
revocation of business lllll-lllll-lllll-ll- 57 lllll-lllll- lllll-lll-
permit and shall be
disqualified to engage in the
same business. 25 18
13. Consumers may provide lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-llll-llll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll- 100

themselves with non-
biodegradable plastics
provided that the plastic bags lllll- 45 lllll-lllll-llll- lllll-lllll-
shall be properly stamped by
proper authorities before
entering the public market. 29 lllll-l-
26
14. According to Section 13, lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-llll-llll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll- 100

any person or establishments
that violated the ordinance
will be given a ticket
indicating violated of
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provisions. lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-llll- 64 lllll-llllll-
23 13
15. According to Section 13, lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-llll-llll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll- 100

any person or establishments
that violate the ordinance
will be given a ticket stating lllll-lllll-lllll-llll- 59 lllll-llll- lllll-ll-
the punishment.
24 17
B. Scope and Limitation
STATEMENTS A (3) U (2) NA (1) total
1. The Municipal Ordinance lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll-lllll- llll- 100

No. 2008-03 is being
implemented throughout the
town of Lucban since 2009. lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-ll 4
lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll- 22
lllll-lllll-llll- 74
2. The Municipal Ordinance lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll-lllll-ll lllll-lll 100

No. 2008-03 covers all
enterprises on the use of
biodegradable material as lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll- 17 8
ENVERGA UNIVERSITY
lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll- 75
3. The Municipal Ordinance lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll- 100

No. 2008-03 also covers
households about the use of
non-biodegradable material as lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-l- 61 lllll-lllll llll- 14
25
4. The Municipal Ordinance lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lll- 33 lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll- 100

No. 2008-03 does not
completely prohibits the use
of plastics that are not lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll-
biodegradable.
lllll-lllll- lllll-ll
40 27
5. The Municipal Ordinance lllll-lllll-lllll-llll-lllll-l- lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll- 100

2008-03 covers only the
residence of Lucban.
26 lllll-lllll-lllll-llll lllll-lllll-
34 lllll-lllll-
lllll-lllll
40
6. The police have the lllll-lllll-lllll-llll-lllll-l- lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll- 100

authority to issue tickets to
violators of Municipal
Ordinance No. 2008-03. 26 lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll-
ENVERGA UNIVERSITY
lllll-lllll-llll lllll-lllll-
44 30
7. The environmental aides lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll-ll 100

have the authority to issue
tickets to violators of
Municipal Ordinance No. lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-l- lllll-lllll-ll 12
2008-03.
61 27
8. The ambulant vendors in lllll-lllll-lllll-lll lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll- 100

the town of Lucban are not
subject to the power of the
Municipal Ordinance No. 18 lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll-
2008-03.
lllll-ll lllll-lllll-
37 lllll-lllll-
lllll
45
9. Whoever violates Section 4 lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll- 100

of the Municipal Ordinance
No. 2008-03 for the third time
shall suffer revocation of lllll-lllll-l – lllll-lllll-lllll lllll-llll-
business permit and
disqualification to engage in
the same business. 51 30 19
10. Except for environmental lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-ll- lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll- 100

officers, environmental aides,
police and the barangay tanod
have the power to arrest
violators in accordance with
ENVERGA UNIVERSITY
Municipal Ordinance No. 37 lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-llll-
2008-03.
lllll-llll llll-
39 24
11. The Municipal Ordinance lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll-ll 100

No. 2008-03 applies to the
school about the prohibition
of using plastic as the lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-llll- lllll-llll 12
packaging or bagging
materials.
64 24
C. Advocacy of the Policy
STATEMENTS A (3) U (2) NA (1)
1. The Municipal Ordinance lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-ll lll 100

No.2008-03 aims to reduce the use
of plastics.
lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll- 7 3
lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll
90
2. The Municipal Ordinance lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll-ll lllll 100

No.2008-03 aims to reduce the sale
of plastics in the town of Lucban.
lllll-lllll-lll
ENVERGA UNIVERSITY
83
3. The Municipal Ordinance lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll-llll l 100

ensures the endorsement of the
“balulang” as the primary shroud.
lllll-lllll-lllll
85
4. The Municipal Ordinance No. lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-l lll 100

2008-03 aims to reduce flooding
caused by the use of plastics.
lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll- l
91
5. The Municipal Ordinance No. lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-llll lllll-l 100

2008-03 aims to reduce pollution.
lllll-lllll-lllll
85
6. The Municipal Ordinance No. 20 lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll lll 100

08-03 aims to
prevent the destruction of nature.
lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll- ll
92
ENVERGA UNIVERSITY
7. The Municipal Ordinance No. lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-ll lll 100
2008-03 aims to raise the level of
awareness of the people about
environmental protection. lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll- 7 3
lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll
90
8. The Municipal Ordinance No. 20 lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll 100

08-
03 has advocacy to combat climate
change. lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll- ll 5
lllll-lll 17
78
10. Municipal Ordinance No. lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-llll ll 100

passed. 2008-03 to maintain the
beauty of Lucban.
lllll-lllll-lllll-llll
89
10. The Municipal Ordinance lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-llll ll 100

preserves and ensures the beauty of
the town of Lucban by enforcing
the citizens of proper use of non- lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll- 9 2
89
11. The Municipal Ordinance No. lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-ll lllll 100

2008-03 reveals the importance of
discipline in the limited use of
ENVERGA UNIVERSITY
plastics. lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll- 7 5
lllll-lllll-lll
83
12. The Municipal Ordinance No. lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll-lllll lllll 100

2008-03 provides discipline that
fosters strong relationships between
local government and citizens. lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll- 10 5
lllll-lllll-lllll
85
13. Purpose of the Municipal lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll- lllll lllll-l 100

Ordinance No. 2008-03 became
ZERO-Plastic Zone the town of
Lucban. lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll-lllll- 5 6
89
Part II. Level of Implementation (Official Respondents)
A. Intensity of the Policy

ENVERGA UNIVERSITY
STATEMENTS SI (3) PI (2) NI (1) total
1. The ordinance regulates the sale of

lllll-lll l l 10
non- biodegradable plastics.
8 1 1
2. The ordinance is requiring all retail

lllll-llll l - 10
stores to use paper or a cloth bag,
biodegradable plastics or biodegradable
containers as wrapping of goods rather not
biodegradable plastics. 9 1
3.
lllll-lll l l 10
The ordinance is requiring all restaurants t
o use paper or a cloth bag,
biodegradable plastics or
biodegradable containers as wrapping of 8 1 1
goods rather than non-biodegradable
plastics.
4. The violators who violated the
l lllll llll 10
ordinance twice will be imprisoned for
five days (5).
1 5 4
5.The establishments are allowed to use

lllll-lll ll - 10
container made of biodegradable
materials.
8 2
6. Agents or delivery men is prohibited to

lllll-ll ll l 10
sell or distribute the same or unload non-
biodegradable plastics or similar items in
any establishments of Lucban.
7 2 1
7. All agents or delivery man is not

lllll-lll l l 10
permitted to deliver or sell any kind of
non-biodegradable plastics.
8 1 1
8. The environmental enforcers and aide

lllll-ll ll l 10
strictly monitors the implementation of
the Municipal Ordinance no. 2008-03.
ENVERGA UNIVERSITY
7 2 1
9. The police strictly monitor the

l llll lllll 10
implementation of the Municipal
1 4 5
10. The violators of the Municipal

lllll-l lll l 10
Ordinance No. 2008-03 are given fines.
6 3 1
11. The plastics that the violators of the

lllll-ll ll l 10
Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-03
possess will be confiscated.
7 2 1
12. The violators of the Municipal

ll lllll-l ll 10
Ordinance No. 2008-03 will not be given
permit to engage in the business if it has
been already foreclosed.
2 6 2
13. Consumers are not allowed to bring

l ll lllll-ll 10
their own old plastics as wrapper or
casing.
1 2 7
14. The violators are issued ticket

lllll-llll - l 10
indicating the violated provision in the
9 1
15. The violators are issued ticket

lllll-lll l l 10
indicating the punishment in the
Municipal Ordinance No. 2003.
8 1 1
B. Extent of Jurisdiction of the Policy

ENVERGA UNIVERSITY
1 .The power of the ordinance covers the lllll-lllll - l 10
entire Municipality of Lucban.
9 1
2. All business establishments in Lucban lllll-l lll l 10

are allowed to use only biodegradable
material as packaging for their sold
goods. 6 3 1
3. The use of plastics in the households lll lll llll 10

is covered by the power of the local
government.
3 3 4
4. There are some non- llllll llll l 10

biodegradable (reusable or obsolete) cont
ainers that are permitted to use by the
establishments for packaging. 5 4 1
5. Anyone who violates the ordinance lllll-lll l l 10

(from Lucban or not) will immediately be
subjected to punishment.
8 1 1
6. The police issues ticket to the violators - ll lllll-lll 10

of the Municipal ordinance No. 2008-03.
2 8
7. The environmental enforcers and aides lllll-ll ll l 10

issue tickets to the violators of the
7 2 1
8. Ambulant vendors are covered by the lllll-ll ll l 10

power of the ordinance.
7 2 1
9. Business establishments that violated - lllll-lll ll

certain provision are foreclosed.
8 2
10. Barangay tanod have the power to - l lllll-llll

apprehend the violators of the ordinance.
ENVERGA UNIVERSITY
1 9
11. Schools (canteen) are prohibited to lllll-lllll - -

use plastics as bagging or packaging
materials.
10
C. Management
1. Ensuring llll lllll-l - 10

the compliance of establishments in
reducing the use of non-
biodegradable plastics 4 6
by conducting seminars.
2. Ensuring
lllll-lll l l 10
the compliance of establishments with no sel
ling of non-biodegradable plastics.
8 1 1
3. Ensuring the endorsement of the lllll-ll ll - 10

“balulang”as the primary shroud.
8 2
4. Ensuring the reduction of incidence lllll-lll l - 10

of flooding by reducing the use of non-
9 1
5. Ensuring the compliance of lllll-lll ll l 10

the people and establishments in the use
of biodegradable
plastics to reduce pollution. 8 2 1
6. Ensuring the compliance of lllll-ll lll - 10

the people and establishments in the use
of biodegradable
plastics to reduce environmental 7 3
degradation.
ENVERGA UNIVERSITY
7. Ensures the distribution of lllll-lll ll - 10
leaflets containing information
on proper care for the environment.
8 2
8. Ensures the resistance to climate lllll-l lll 1 10

through the ordinance.
6 3 1
9. Ensuring the availability of lllll-llll l - 10

environmental aide to maintain the
cleanliness of the town of Lucban.
9 1
10. Preserving and ensuring the lllll-llll l - 10

beauty of the town of Lucban by
enforcing the citizens of proper use of
non-biodegradable plastics. 9 1
11. Ensuring to show the importance of lllll-lll ll - 10

discipline in the use of plastics to
citizens through posters and leaflets
distributed. 8 2
12. Ensuring good interaction of lllll-lll ll - 10

citizens and local governments through
regular meetings about the ordinance.
8 2
13. Ensuring that Lucban will be a lllll-ll lll - 10

Zero- Plastic Zone through the
ordinance.
7 3

No To Plastic Policy

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What problem is the ordinance trying to address?

What problem is the ordinance trying to address?

What are the main provisions of the ordinance?

What are the main provisions of the ordinance?

NO TO PLASTIC POLICY 1

THE PROBLEM: ITS BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE

Background of the Study

According to the data released by the United States Environmental Protection

worldwide annually (Legarda, 2011). Likewise, the Ecological Waste Coalition

and future generations.

known as the Solid Waste Management Law.

waste management program. Its institutional mechanism shall be composed of National

In Quezon, the municipal government of Lucban pioneered the implementation of

of Lucban, Quezon. It is an environment friendly ordinance that covers all markets,

cartons or other biodegradable bagging materials (M.O. 2008-03, 2008).

of the Municipal Ordinance. Whereas stated in Section 10 of the ordinance, consumers

implementation of the ordinance.To reiterate, plastics are sources of environmental

or bags to minimize harm to the environment.

together in the implementation of the municipal ordinance as stated in Section 13 of the

Barangay Committee on Education, Barangay Health Workers, the Solid Waste

Officers and Environmental Aides is embarking a comprehensive information campaign on

the ordinance as stated in Section 16 of the ordinance (M.O. 2008-03, 2008).

Statement of the Problem

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents according to:

Ordinance No. 2008-03 with regard to:

b) scope and limitation of the policy?

c) advocacy of the policy?

3. What is the level of implementation of Zero-Plastic policy of the municipal

government of Lucban, Quezon in terms of:

a) enforcement, monitoring and imposition of penalty of the Municipal

b) contribution and participation of the Sangguniang Barangay in the

implementation of the Municipal Ordinance? (officials)

c) sustaining the sources of biodegradable containers such as bayong, paper

bags and buri? (officials)

This study will be a significant endeavor in promoting environmental awareness to

the students, faculty and non-teaching personnel of the university.

to contribute to the preservation and enhancement of our environment.

people and preparedness of the municipal government to address future circumstances.

of regressing to primitive culture is such a tough task.

serve as the researcher’s identity throughout the entire professional career.

(polyethylene) as packing or bagging materials and institutionalizing the use of

sustainability plans of the government on the said ordinance.

Hence, the sustainability plans of the government pertaining to the monitoring,

of conclusions, recommendations and implication that the researcher obtained.

and sustaining the sources of biodegradable packing and bagging materials.

analysis based on the theories that is related to the study.

derived from Weberian Sociology, as Weber emphasized, “Legitimacy constituted the

appointment to create and execute ordinance and policies.

acquire power through elections, appointments or succession. The government of Lucban,

environment which is beneath the implementation of the Municipal Ordinance 2008-03.

Development Programme (UNDP)has defined governance “as the exercise of political,

economic and administrative authority in the management of a country’s at all levels.” It

acquiescence with it.

Sustainability of policies gives emphasis on the social awareness to environmental

human dignity (Berkshire Encyclopedia, n.d.).

For decades, the Philippines have been experiencing environmental degradation

enforcers is concerned. Henceforward, the management of the advocacy of the ordinance