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    11 Alcohols Phenols and Ethers

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    Varun Sankpal
    1. Alcohols are named according to the carbinol system, with monohydric alcohols named as derivatives of methyl alcohol (methanol). 2. Tertiary alcohols readily undergo reactions like oxidation and dehydration, while primary alcohols are more stable. 3. Phenols can be oxidized to benzoquinone, and react with neutral FeCl3 to give a purple coloration. Electron-withdrawing groups on phenols increase acidity.

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    11 Alcohols Phenols and Ethers

    Uploaded by

    Varun Sankpal
    443 views2 pages
    1. Alcohols are named according to the carbinol system, with monohydric alcohols named as derivatives of methyl alcohol (methanol). 2. Tertiary alcohols readily undergo reactions like oxidation and dehydration, while primary alcohols are more stable. 3. Phenols can be oxidized to benzoquinone, and react with neutral FeCl3 to give a purple coloration. Electron-withdrawing groups on phenols increase acidity.

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    1. Alcohols are named according to the carbinol system, with monohydric alcohols named as derivatives of methyl alcohol (methanol). 2. Tertiary alcohols readily undergo reactions like oxidation and dehydration, while primary alcohols are more stable. 3. Phenols can be oxidized to benzoquinone, and react with neutral FeCl3 to give a purple coloration. Electron-withdrawing groups on phenols increase acidity.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    443 views2 pages

    11 Alcohols Phenols and Ethers

    Uploaded by

    Varun Sankpal
    1. Alcohols are named according to the carbinol system, with monohydric alcohols named as derivatives of methyl alcohol (methanol). 2. Tertiary alcohols readily undergo reactions like oxidation and dehydration, while primary alcohols are more stable. 3. Phenols can be oxidized to benzoquinone, and react with neutral FeCl3 to give a purple coloration. Electron-withdrawing groups on phenols increase acidity.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    11 

    Target Publications Pvt. Ltd.


    Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers Chapter 11: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

    1. In the carbinol system, monohydric alcohols are named as derivatives of methyl alcohol, CH3OH (which is
    known as carbinol).
    2. Reactivity of alkyl halides having same halide group, but different alkyl group is tertiary > secondary >
    primary.
    3. H3C H3C OSO3H H3C OH
     , H2O
    C = CH2 + H2SO4  C 
     H2SO4
     C
    H3C (cold and CH3
    H3C CH3 H3C
    Isobutylene conc.)
    tert-Butyl hydrogen tert-Butyl alcohol
    sulphate

    4. CH3CH2CHO 
    H 2 / Raney Ni
     CH3CH2CH2OH
    Propionaldehyde Propan-1-ol
    (A)

    6. The solubility of isomeric alcohols increases with increase in branching.


    7. At room temperature, tertiary alcohols react with Lucas reagent readily, secondary alcohols react slowly
    while primary alcohols do not react with Lucas reagent at room temperature.
    8. Pyridine catalyses the reaction by neutralizing the hydrogen chloride produced.
    9. Tertiary alcohols undergo oxidation under drastic conditions.
    10. Alcohols which form the most stable carbocation undergo dehydration more readily. Tertiary-butyl alcohol
    forms the most stable tert-butyl carbocation among the given alcohols.
    CH3 CH3 CH3
    11.
    HCl  Anhydrous ZnCl2
    CH3  C = O 
    H 2 / Raney Ni
    413 K
     CH3  CH  OH 
    Room temperature
     CH3  CH  Cl
    Propanone Propan-2-ol 2-Chloropropane
    (A) (B)

    12. Primary alcohols give the best yield of dialkyl ether on treatment with sulphuric acid.
    13. Due to delocalization of negative charge over the ortho and para position, phenoxide ion is more stable than
    phenol.
     
    O O O O O

    14. Br+ is the electrophile in the bromination of phenol.


    15. OH O

    
    Na 2 Cr2 O7
    H 2SO4

    Phenol
    O
    Benzoquinone

    16. Phenols react with neutral FeCl3 to give purple colouration.


    1
    Std. XII : Triumph Chemistry 
    17. OH OH OH OH

    H3O , 
    
    Sn/HCl
    (Reduction)
     
    NaNO2 / HCl
    273 278K
     
    (Hydrolysis)
    NO2 NH2 (Diazotisation )
    N2Cl OH
    m-Nitrophenol Resorcinol

    18. Due to almost identical sizes of 2p-orbitals of C and F, +R effect and I effect of F almost balance each
    other, thus p-fluorophenol is almost as acidic as phenol. p-chlorophenol and p-nitrophenol are more acidic
    than phenol. p-nitrophenol is a much stronger acid than p-chlorophenol due to R and I effect of NO2
    group.
    19. Electron withdrawing groups like NO2, Cl increase the acidity of phenols while electron releasing groups
    like CH3, OCH3 decrease the acidity of phenols.
    20. 2R  OH 
    Al2 O3
    525K
     ROR + H2O
    Alcohol Ether

    21. OH ONa OC2H5

    
    NaOH
     H 2O
     
    C2 H5 I

     + NaI

    Phenol Sodium Ethyl phenyl


    phenoxide ether

    22. CH3  OH + CH2N2 


    HBF4

     CH3  O  CH3 + N2
    Methanol Diazomethane Methoxymethane

    23. C2H5  O  C2H5 + 2HI 


    Hot
    373K
     2C2H5  I + H2O
    Diethyl ether Iodoethane

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