Kristopher Persaud

CHEM 1701 – Assignment 2

Chemistry I for Pre-health Science

____ /30 marks (5% of final grade)

Assignment is due on: _November 29th, 2019 at 11:59 pm

Background and Content:

The purpose of this assignment is for you to explore connections between your classroom learning and
healthcare. This case study contains applied questions that tie your course learning to healthcare. The
assignment includes content covered in weeks 8-12 of the course.

You will develop your problem-solving and critical thinking skills by applying your knowledge of basic concepts
to a case study. This is an important skill to develop as it allows you to relate what you are learning to the
everyday world and helps prepare you for future programs and careers in the health care field. As you proceed
through this case study, think about how these questions connect to your other courses and to your future
goals.

Learning Outcomes:
The following course learning outcomes (CLO) and essential employability skills (EES) are addressed
throughout this assignment. The CLO’s and EES can be found in the course outline.
 CLO 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
 EES 1, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11

Grading:
 This assignment is worth 5% of your final grade.
 Points have been attributed to each question.
 While you may work in pairs or small groups to complete the assignment, each student must submit
their own original work.
 Assignments may be checked for authenticity using TurnItIn software.

Handing in your work:

 Submit your completed work to the appropriate Assignment folder in DC Connect.
 File submissions must be PC compatible in Word or PDF format.
 You may type your answers directly in this document OR print this document, write your answers in and
photograph the pages. Photos must be compiled into 1 document for submission.

Other things to note:

 Show all work for full marks.
 Answer in full sentences and apply proper spelling, grammar and mechanics.
 Where required, apply significant digit rules and round final answers appropriately.
Kristopher Persaud
Case Study – Student Stress and Mental Health
Instructions:
 Read the case study below
 Answer the questions in full sentences using your own words
 Make sure to read the question carefully and thoroughly when structuring your answer

Case Study: Mary is a student enrolled in the PHS program at Durham College. She is in her mid-
20’s and has a young son, Andrew. Mary is finishing up her first semester in the PHS program and is
feeling very overwhelmed. She has worked very hard to achieve high grades and plans on applying to
several competitive healthcare programs including Paramedic and Registered Nursing. She is
struggling to picture how she will get through another semester. Her stress levels are at an all time
high and she is struggling to manage the demands of school, caring for her young son and working
part-time 20 hours/week.

Andrew is struggling to fit in at school and is having trouble focusing in class. A pediatrician
diagnosed Andrew with attention deficit disorder (ADD) and has suggested placing Andrew on one of
two medications, Ritalin or Adderall. Mary is very nervous about these medications. However, Mary
plans to research each medication extensively before making any decisions.

Mary has started experiencing panic attacks on a regular basis as a result of the stress and pressures
of her work and personal life. Her doctor has suggested cannabidiol oil (CBD) oil to help with her
anxiety. Mary also struggles with digestive issues and is lactose intolerant.

The questions below relate to the case study above.

Kristopher Persaud

Morning Routine: Mary struggles to get Andrew ready for school in the morning. Andrew particularly hates
brushing his teeth. One morning Mary catches a glimpse of the ingredients in Andrew’s toothpaste. This is
what she sees.

1. [1 mark] What is the chemical formula for calcium carbonate? Show how you determined the chemical
formula.

Ca2+ + CO32- -------- CaCO3

2. [1 mark] Why is calcium carbonate included in toothpaste? What does it do? Include a link to your
source(s). Comment in 1-2 sentences.

Calcium Carbonate is abrasive and helps to remove plaque, debris, and surface stains on your
teeth leaving them feeling smooth and clean.

Source link(s):
https://www.deltadentalins.com/oral_health/whats-in-your-toothpaste.html

Chem Connection: While Mary considers the chemical formula for calcium carbonate, she is reminded she
has a chemistry test coming up and needs to brush up on some nomenclature.

3. [1 mark] The chemical formula for iron (III) oxide is:

a. Fe3O
b. FeO3
c. Fe2O3
d. Fe3O2

4. [1 mark] The IUPAC name for the compound with the formula Cl2O5 is:
a. chlorine oxide
b. pentachlorine dioxide
c. dichlorine pentoxide
d. dichloride pentoxide

5. [1 mark] The chemical formula for magnesium phosphate is:

a. Mg3(PO4)2
b. Mg2(PO4)3
c. Mg3P2
d. Mg2P3

6. [1 mark] The chemical formula for dinitrogen tetroxide is:

a. N4O2
b. N2O4
Kristopher Persaud
c. NO2
d. N4O
7. [2 marks] Write the reaction equation from each word equation. Don’t forget physical states.

Word equation Reaction equation

Solid lead (IV) carbonate decomposes with heat to

Pb(CO3)2(s) + heat ---- PbO2(s) + 2CO2(g)
give solid lead (IV) oxide and carbon dioxide gas.

Aqueous solutions of cobalt (II) nitrate and sodium

Co(NO3)2(aq) + Na2CrO4(aq) ---- CoCrO4(aq) +
chromate react to give a cobalt (II) chromate
2NaNO3(aq)
precipitate and aqueous sodium nitrate.

Dr. Avogadro: Andrew’s pediatrician is Dr. Avogadro. He is a very clever doctor and raises pet moles on the
weekends. On Dr. Avogadro’s advice, Mary starts researching Ritalin and Adderall as potential options to help
manage Andrew’s ADD.

8. [1 mark] Research to find the chemical formula for Ritalin. [HINT: For this question and others, you
may want to revisit this website used in assignment 1: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/]

C14H19NO2

Source link(s) :
https ://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4158

9. [1 mark] Calculate the molar mass of Ritalin. Show all work for full marks.

Molar Mass=CM+HM+NM+OM
=[12.01(14)]+[1.01(19)]+14.01+[16.00(2)]
=168.14+19.19+14.01+32.00
=233.34g/mol

10. [1 mark] The suggested maximum daily dose of Ritalin is 60 mg/day. Convert this value to grams (g).

60mg/1000=0.06g. Therefore, the maximum daily dose of Ritalin is 0.06grams per day.

11. [1 mark] Use your answer from the previous question to determine how many moles are in the
maximum daily dose of Ritalin. Show all work for full marks.

n=m/M
=0.06/233.34
=2.57x10-4mol

CHEM 1701 – Assignment 2 Page 4 of 8

Kristopher Persaud

12. [1 mark] The chemical formula for Adderall is C9H13N. Calculate the molar mass of Adderall. Show all
work for full marks.

Molar Mass=CM+HM+NM
=[12.01(9)]+[1.01(13)]+14.01
=108.09+13.13+14.01
=135.23g/mol

13. [1 mark] The suggested maximum daily dose of Adderall is 40 mg/day. Convert this value to grams (g).

40mg/1000=0.04g. Therefore, the maximum daily dose is 0.04 grams per day.

14. [1 mark] Use your answer from the previous question to determine how many moles are in the
maximum daily dose of Adderall. Show all work for full marks.

n=m/M
=0.04/135.23
=2.96x10-4mol

Birthday Celebrations: Andrew recently celebrated his birthday and Mary has been eating a lot of ice cream
and cake as part of the celebrations. When Mary consumes a lot of milk products (which contain lactose), her
lactose intolerance starts to bother her. When Mary’s body makes the enzyme lactase, the enzyme does not
fold into the proper shape. Therefore, the enzyme does not work properly and Mary has trouble digesting food
that contains lactose, the substrate for lactase. Mary decides to explore Lactaid, an over the counter
medication that mimics the action of the enzyme lactase.

15. [1 mark] Perform research to find the chemical formula for lactose. Include a link to your source(s).

C12H22O11

Source link(s):
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6134

16. [1 mark] In the body, lactose is broken down into glucose and galactose. Research to find the chemical
formulas for glucose and galactose. What do you notice about the chemical formulas for these two
sugars? Include a link to your source(s).

Glucose Galactose

Chemical formulas C6H12O6 C6H12O6

What do you notice about

Both of the chemical formulas are the same.
the chemical formulas?

CHEM 1701 – Assignment 2 Page 5 of 8

Kristopher Persaud
Source link(s):
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5793
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6036

17. [1 mark] What type of chemical reaction occurs when lactase breaks down lactose?
a. Combination reaction
b. Decomposition reaction
c. Single displacement reaction
d. Double displacement reaction

Anxiety: Mary’s doctor has suggested she consider taking bupropion. Bupropion is marketed and sold as
Wellbutrin and Zyban. Mary’s doctor suggested this medication because it will help with both Mary’s anxiety
and may also help Mary stop smoking. Mary has been an occasional smoker her whole life but has recently
increased to about a pack a day as she deals with the pressures of school, work and managing Andrew’s
recent ADD diagnosis.

18. [1 mark] The image below is the chemical structure of bupropion. On the image, circle or highlight the
C - Cl, C = O and N - H bonds.

19. [1 mark per column = 3 marks] Complete the table below for the bonds found in bupropion. For the
delta notation you may use the equation editor/symbols/shapes available in Word or draw by hand,
photograph and insert the image below.

C – Cl C=O N–H
C: 2.5 C: 2.5 N: 3.0
EN value of each element
Cl: 3.0 O: 3.4 H: 2.1
EN difference between
ΔEn=Cl-C=0.5 ΔEn=C-O=0.9 ΔEn=N-H=0.9
elements
Bond classification
Polar Polar Polar
[polar, nonpolar, ionic]

CHEM 1701 – Assignment 2 Page 6 of 8

Kristopher Persaud

C---Cl C=O N----H

Delta notation
δ+ δ- δ+ δ- δ- δ+

CBD: As an alternative to bupropion, Mary’s doctor has suggested cannabidiol (CBD) oil to manage her
anxiety and panic attacks. CBD is a non-polar chemical compound.

20. [1 mark] You learned in lab that water is a polar molecule and that some B vitamins which are also
polar will dissolve in water. This is called the “like dissolves like” rule. Fat is a non-polar substance.
Would you expect CBD to be fat-soluble or water soluble? Explain your answer in 1-2 sentences.

I would expect it to be fat-soluble because it’s non-polar and fats are non-polar substances.

Stress Response: When the body responds to stress, chemical compounds are released which lead to
changes in blood pressure and respiratory rate. One chemical compound released in the body is cortisol.
Cortisol is a hormone released by the adrenal glands in response to stress. Visit
https://www.britannica.com/science/cortisol to learn more about the role of cortisol in the body.

21. [1 mark] The chemical structure of cortisol is very similar to the chemical structure of many other
hormones, including testosterone, the male sex hormone. Research to find the chemical formulas for
cortisol and testosterone. Then, summarize the similarities and differences in the chemical formulas for
each. Include a link to your source(s).

Cortisol Testosterone

Chemical formula C21H30O5 C19H28O2

Similarities Same three elements. (C,H,O)

Differences Testosterone has less atoms than cortisol

Source link(s):
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5754
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6013

Breathalyzer Chemistry: A relaxation technique Mary enjoys is going for evening car rides. Mary has seen a
lot of dangerous and distracted drivers on the roads lately and was recently part of a RIDE checkpoint. At the
checkpoint, Mary saw some drivers receive a roadside breathalyzer test. Mary decides to research more about
the chemistry of how a breathalyzer works.

Inside the breathalyzer, the alcohol in the breath sample (ethanol, C2H5OH) is oxidized by potassium
dichromate (K2Cr2O7). When this happens, a color change occurs that indicates the presence of ethanol. You
can read more about how a breathalyzer works here: https://sites.duke.edu/apep/module-4-alcohol-and-the-
breathalyzer-test/content-how-does-the-breathalyzer-work/
CHEM 1701 – Assignment 2 Page 7 of 8
Kristopher Persaud

The chemical reaction that takes place in a breathalyzer is written below.

+2 -2
2 K2Cr2O7 + 3 C2H5OH + 8 H2SO4  2 Cr2(SO4)3 + 2 K2SO4 + 3 CH3COOH + 11 H2O

22. [1 mark] How many molecules of water are produced in this reaction? __11__

23. [1 mark] Assign oxidation numbers to every atom in the potassium dichromate. Show/explain how you
determined the oxidation numbers. [You may type out your work or write out, photograph and insert the
image].

Potassium dichromate oxidation numbers

I determined the oxidation numbers by first looking at chromate as a
whole. It has a charge of 2- so I assigned that oxidation number to
chromate. All that was left was the potassium so I added a 2+ charge to it
so the compound is balanced.

Alcohol Differences: There are many types of alcohols and you will learn about some of them in semester 2
of chemistry. The alcohol in alcoholic beverages (i.e. wine, liquor and beer) is called ethanol. The chemical
formula of ethanol is C2H5OH. Another kind of alcohol called methanol has a chemical formula of CH3OH.
Methanol is very dangerous in even small doses. Methanol is found in things like antifreeze and windshield
washer fluid.

24. [2 marks] Calculate the molar mass of methanol and ethanol. Show all work for full marks.

Molar mass methanol CH4O Molar mass ethanol C2H6O

Molar Mass=CM+HM+OM Molar Mass=CM+HM+OM

=12.01+[1.01(4)]+16.00 =[12.01(2)]+[1.01(6)]+16.00
=12.01+4.04+16.00 =24.02+6.06+16.00
=32.05g/mol =46.07g/mol

25. [2 marks] Which has a greater mass: 2.5 moles of methanol or 2.5 moles of ethanol? Support your
answer with a calculation or explanation.

mmethanol=n*M methanol=n*M
= 2.5*32.05 = 2.5*46.07
=80.13g = 115.18g
Therefore, 2.5 moles of ethanol has a greater mass than 2.5 moles of methanol.

CHEM 1701 – Assignment 2 Page 8 of 8