Lesson 10 Chemical Composition Final

SAINT MARY’S UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines
CENTER FOR NATURAL SCIENCES
LESSON 8: Chemical Composition
Amedeo Avogadro’s full name was Count Lorenzo Romano

Amedeo Carlo Avogadro di Quaregna e di Cerreto – quite a
mouthful!
Avogadro’s constant is one of the most important numbers.

23
in chemistry. Its value is 6.02214129 x 10 . Avogadro’s
constant is the number of particles (atoms or molecules)
in one mole of any substance. For example, 12 grams of
23
carbon contain 6.02214129 x 10 carbon atoms.
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ILLUSTRATIVE PROBLEMS:
a. How many moles of magnesium is 3.01 x 1022 atoms of magnesium?

Answer: 3.01 x 1022 Mg atoms x 1 mol Mg___________ = 0.05 mol Mg
6.02 x 1023 Mg atoms
b. What is the molar mass of glucose, C6H12O6?

C = 12 g/mol H = 1 g/mol O=16 g/mol
C = 6 (12 g/mol) = 72 g/mol
H = 12 (1 g/mol) = 12 g/mol
O = 6 (16g/mol) = 96 g/mol
Answer: 180 g/mol
c. How many molecules are there in 4.00 moles of glucose, C6H12O6?
Answer: 4 moles C6H12O6 x 6.02 x 1023 C6H12O6 molecules = 2.41 x 1024 C6H12O6 molecules
1 mol C6H12O6
c. What is the molar mass of H2O?

H = 1 g/mol O= 16 g/mol
H = 2 (1 g/mol) = 2 g/mol
O = 1 (16g/mol) = 16 g/mol
Answer: 18 g/mol
c. How many grams of H2O are produced when 2.50 moles of oxygen are used?
2 H2 + O2 = 2 H2O
Answer: 2.50 moles O2 x 2 mol H2O x 18 g H2O = 90 g H2O

1 mol O2 1 mol H2O
Note: The ratio of water and oxygen based on the balanced equation is 2:1.
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PERCENT COMPOSITION OF COMPOUNDS
It is often useful to know a compound’s composition in terms of the masses of its elements.
We can obtain this information from the formula of the compound by comparing the mass of
each element present in a 1 mole of the compound to the total mass of 1 mole of the
compound. The mass fraction for each element is calculated as follows:
Mass fraction for = mass of the element present in 1 mole of compound

a given element mass of 1 mole of compound
The mass fraction is converted to mass percent by multiplying 100%.
The composition of the compound is commonly expressed as the percent by mass of the
elements and is calculated as : % element = mass of element/total mass of compound x 100
The elements in a compound are present in a definite proportion by mass. Therefore, said
composition of the elements determines the identity of the compound.
Find the mass percent of ethanol, C2H5OH.

Mass of C = 2 mol x 12 g/mol = 24 g/mol
Mass of H = 6 mol x 1 g/mol = 6 g/mol
Mass of O = 1 mol x 16 g/mol = 16 g/mol
Molar Mass of 1 mol C2H5OH = 46 g/mol
% C = 24 g/mol x 100% = 52 % C
46 g/mol
% H = 6 g/mol x 100% = 13 % H
46 g/mol
% O = 16 g/mol x 100% = 35 % H
46 g/mol
Total percentage = 52 + 13 + 35 = 100 %
Note:
Round up to the nearest whole number the atomic masses, except for Chlorine (35.45 g/mol).
The total percent should be equal to 100 % (some will be 99.99 %).
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FINDING EMPIRICAL AND MOLECULAR MASSES
Chemical formula is a shorthand method of representing the composition of a substance by

using chemical symbols.
Empirical formula is the formula that specifies the smallest whole-number ratio of atoms
of the elements in a compound.
Molecular formula is the formula that specifies both the relative and the actual number of
atoms in a molecule.
1. What is the empirical formula of a compound containing 65.02 % platinum, 9.34 %

nitrogen, 2.02 % hydrogen and 23.63 % chlorine?
(a) Obtain the mass of each element present (in grams).
65.02 % Pt = 65.02 g Pt
9.34 % N = 9.34 g N
2.02 % H = 2.02 g H
23.63 %Cl = 23.62 g Cl
100 g total
(b) Determine the number of moles of each type of atom present.
65.02 g Pt x 1 mol Pt = 0.33 mol Pt

195 g Pt
9.34 g N x 1 mol N = 0.67 mol N
14 g N
2.02 g H x 1 mol H = 2.00 mol H
1gH
23.63 g Cl x 1 mol Cl = 0.67 mol Cl
35.45 g Cl
(c) Divide the number of moles of each element by the smallest number of moles to
convert the smallest number to 1. If all of the numbers so obtained are integers (whole
numbers), these are the subscripts in the empirical formula.
0.33 mol Pt = 1 0.67 mol N = 2 2.00 mol H = 6 0.67 mol Cl = 2

0.33 mol 0.33 mol 0.33 mol 0.33 mol
Empirical Formula (EF) = PtN2H6Cl2 (cisplatin)
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Note: If one or more of these numbers are not integers, go on to step (d).
(d) Multiply the numbers you derived in step c by the smallest integer that will convert
them all to whole numbers. This set of whole numbers represents the subscripts in
the empirical formula.
2. Determine the empirical formula of Vanadium oxide, VxOy.
0.3546 g V x 1 mol V = 0.0069 mol V

51 g V
0.2784 g ) x 1 mol O = 0.0174 mol O

16 g O
0.0069 mol V = 1 0.0174 mol O = 2.5

0.0069 mol 0.0069 mol
2 x 1.000 V = 2 V
2 x 2.500 = 5 O
Answer: Empirical Formula: V2O5 (Vanadium oxide)
3. A white powder is analyzed and found to have an empirical formula of P2O5. The compound
has a molar mass of 283.88 g. What is the compound’s molecular formula?
Molecular formula = (Empirical formula) n where n is a small whole number.
Molar Mass = (n) (Empirical formula mass)
Formula mass of P2O5 = 31(2) + 16 (5) = 142 g.mol
Solving for n gives n = molar mass / empirical FM
Thus, Molar mass = 283.88 g = 1.99 = 2

Empirical Formula Mass 142 g
Answer: MF = (EF)n = (P2O5)2 = P4O10
Prepared by: Elsa L. Cajucom
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SAINT MARY’S UNIVERSITY

Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines

CENTER FOR NATURAL SCIENCES

LESSON 8: Chemical Composition

Amedeo Avogadro’s full name was Count Lorenzo Romano

Avogadro’s constant is one of the most important numbers.

CENTER FOR NATURAL SCIENCES

a. How many moles of magnesium is 3.01 x 1022 atoms of magnesium?

b. What is the molar mass of glucose, C6H12O6?

c. What is the molar mass of H2O?

Answer: 2.50 moles O2 x 2 mol H2O x 18 g H2O = 90 g H2O

CENTER FOR NATURAL SCIENCES

PERCENT COMPOSITION OF COMPOUNDS

Mass fraction for = mass of the element present in 1 mole of compound

The mass fraction is converted to mass percent by multiplying 100%.

Find the mass percent of ethanol, C2H5OH.

Total percentage = 52 + 13 + 35 = 100 %

CENTER FOR NATURAL SCIENCES

FINDING EMPIRICAL AND MOLECULAR MASSES

Chemical formula is a shorthand method of representing the composition of a substance by

1. What is the empirical formula of a compound containing 65.02 % platinum, 9.34 %

(a) Obtain the mass of each element present (in grams).

65.02 g Pt x 1 mol Pt = 0.33 mol Pt

0.33 mol Pt = 1 0.67 mol N = 2 2.00 mol H = 6 0.67 mol Cl = 2

Empirical Formula (EF) = PtN2H6Cl2 (cisplatin)

CENTER FOR NATURAL SCIENCES

2. Determine the empirical formula of Vanadium oxide, VxOy.

0.3546 g V x 1 mol V = 0.0069 mol V

0.2784 g ) x 1 mol O = 0.0174 mol O

0.0069 mol V = 1 0.0174 mol O = 2.5

Answer: Empirical Formula: V2O5 (Vanadium oxide)

Molecular formula = (Empirical formula) n where n is a small whole number.

Molar Mass = (n) (Empirical formula mass)

Formula mass of P2O5 = 31(2) + 16 (5) = 142 g.mol

Solving for n gives n = molar mass / empirical FM

Thus, Molar mass = 283.88 g = 1.99 = 2

Answer: MF = (EF)n = (P2O5)2 = P4O10

Prepared by: Elsa L. Cajucom

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