Modul Intermediate Grammar

UNIT 1 Conditional Sentence:
Future, Present, and Past
In this session, students learn formulations and functions of conditional sentence:

future, present, and past which are useful to cope with exercises and daily English
communication. Having accomplished this topic, students are able to:
1. Identify formulations and functions of conditional sentence: future, present, and

past.
2. Answer various exercises related to conditional sentence: future, present, and past.
3. Apply conditional sentence: future, present, and past in daily English
communication.
I. ILLUSTRATION
Fio : I am not sure that I will pass speaking class 1. My attendance is less
than 60%. I would be never absent if I didn’t have to work.
Marco : If you had consulted your problem to the head of study program, he would
have recommended that you took extensive class which classes are started
in the afternoon.
Fio : You are right. I will meet him this noon if I can leave work earlier.
II. FORMULATION
IF CLAUSE RESULT CLAUSE SITUATION
simple present will + bare infinitive true in the future
simple past would + bare infinitive untrue in the present
past perfect would have + past participle untrue in the past
Example: (+) If she has enough money, she will buy a car tomorrow.
( - ) If she has enough money, she will not buy a car tomorrow.
( ? ) If she has enough money, will she buy a car tomorrow?
(+) If I were a rich man, I would go travelling every month.

( - ) If I were a rich man, I would not go travelling every month.
( ?) If I were a rich man, would I go travelling every month?
(+) If they had come to the meeting, they would have worked with us
on this project last month.
( - ) If they had come to the meeting, they would not have worked
with us on this project last month.
( ? ) If they had come to the meeting, would they have worked with us
on this project last month?
III. THE USE
1. We use Future Conditional to express something or activities which are true

in the present or future.
Example: → They will pass the exam if they study hard.

→ If she finishes her study, she will become a nurse.
→ If it doesn’t rain, I will go fishing tomorrow morning.
→ Will you marry me if I become a rich man one day?
2. Present Conditional is used to express the activities which are untrue in the
present or future.
Example: → If a cat has wings, it would fly and hunt birds.

→ If there were no oxygen in the earth, there would be no
human beings.
→ I would drink sea water if it were not salty.
→ Would they stop smoking if they knew it is dangerous?
3. Past Conditional is used to express the activities which are untrue in the past.
Example: → If you had gotten up earlier, you would not have missed the
bus last week.
→ We would have met Professor Smith if we had waited for
him a little longer yesterday.
→ I would have registered for master degree if it had been
opened last year.
→ Would he have graduated last semester if he had studied
more seriously?
IV. PRACTICE
A. Change a word or phrase in the bracket in the appropriate conditional!
Example: If it (rain) yesterday, I (come) to the party.

→ If it had not rained yesterday, I would have gone to the party.
1. If there (be) flowers here, this yard (be) more beautiful.

2. The air (be) fresh if I (plant) some tress several years ago.
3. She (recover) from her illness soon if she (drink) medicine routinely.
4. They (not, retake) structure 3 if they (be, not, often absent) last semester.
5. Would Titanic (not, sink) if it (not, hit) a ghost-looking iceberg?
6. The Tsunami (not, take) many lives, it (not, happen) suddenly in Aceh.
7. Our country (be, prosperous) if there (not, be) so many corruptors.
8. If you (go) sleeping earlier, you (get up) earlier every day.
9. If I (have) a motorcycle, I (not, go) to campus by a taxi.
10. Would you (finish) the task if I (not, help) you yesterday?
B. Work in pairs, take turns asking and answering the questions in the
Conditional. See the example!
A : What would you do if you failed structure 2?
B : Well, if I failed structure 2, I would take it again next semester.
C : Where will you go if you feel hungry?
D : I will go to canteen if I feel hungry.
E : What would you have done if it had rained yesterday?
F : I would have stayed at home and not done anything.
C. Rewrite each sentence as a positive, negative or interrogative according

to the instruction given!
Example: I would have been able to buy a car if had saved money
routinely. (?)
→ Would I have been able to buy a car if I had saved money
routinely?
1. If he worked hard, he would not be as successful as his father. (+)
2. Would she have come to the party if it had not rained yesterday?(-)
3. The lecturer will attend the class if there is no obstacle. (?)
4. If the meeting had not been suddenly conducted, I would have been
present. (-)
5. If human could breathe without oxygen, they would track on the land
and into the sea freely.(-)
6. The sun light would not be dangerous if there were no ozone layer. (+)
7. Fiolina will not submit the assignment late if she wants a good score. (?)
8. If the elephant were smaller, I would not have one as a pet. (+)
9. Would you leave work earlier if there were a band concert? (-)
10. Water will freeze if the temperature is less than 5 degree Celsius. (?)
D. Create 10 conditional sentences which involve future, present, and past

conditional!
Example: → I will be happy if I become a true lecturer someday.
→ I would finish my study soon if I studied seriously.
→ I would have got grade A if I had done all assignments.
E. The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and
(D). Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in
order for the sentence to be corrected.
1. If you had sat the plant in a cooler location, the leaves would not have
A B C
burned.
D
2. If motorists do not observe the traffic regulations,
A B
they would be stopped, ticketed, and have to pay a fine.
C D
3. If it had not been for the computerized register tape from the grocery
A B
store, I never would have been able to figure on my expenditures.
C D
4. Some of us have to study their lessons more carefully if we expect
A B C
to pass this examination.
D
5. She wished that we didn’t send her the candy yesterday because
A B C
she’s on a diet.
D
6. My brother is in California on vacation, but I wish he was here so that he
A B C
could help me repair my car.
D
7. I would attend the meeting of the planning committee last week, but I
A B
had to deliver a speech at a convention.
C D
8. Had the committee members consider the alternatives more carefully,
A B
they would have realized that the second was better than the first.
C D
9. Suzy had better change her study habits if she hoped to be
A B C
admitted to a good university.
D
10. If calcium oxide remainsexposed to air turns to calcium carbonate.
A B C D
11. Jane said she would borrow me her new movie camera if I wanted to use
A B C
it on my trip to Europe.
D
12. The results of the test proved to Fred and me that we needed
A B
to study harder and watch less movies on television
C
if we would want to receive scholarships.
D
13. If it were more humid in the desert of the Southwest,
A B
the hot temperatures would unbearable.
C D
14. If the two waves pass a given point simultaneously, they would have no
A B C
effect on each other’s subsequent motion.
D
15. If one of the participants in a conversation wonders what the other

A B
person said no real communication existence.
C D
16. If a ruby heated it will temporarily lose its color.
A B C D
17. If the oxygen supply in the atmosphere were not replenished by plants
A B
would soon be exhausted.
C D
18. If you had bought this product at the regular price yesterday,
A B
you would have received the other one with no extra cost now.
C D
19. If the ozone gases of the atmosphere had not filtered out the ultraviolet
A
rays of the sun, life as we know it would not have evolved on earth.
B C D
20. If England had not imposed a tax on tea two hundred
A
and twenty years ago, will the United States have remained
B C
part of the British Commonwealth?
D
UNIT 2 Conditional Sentence:
Wish, As if, and Would
In this session, students learn formulations and functions of conditional sentence: wish,
as if, and would which are useful to cope with exercises and daily English
communication. Having accomplished this topic, students are able to:
1. Identify formulations and functions of conditional sentence: wish, as if, and would.
2. Answer various exercises related to conditional sentence: wish, as if, and would.
3. Apply conditional sentence: wish, as if, and would in daily English
communication.
I. ILLUSTRATION
That morning, Ann looked as if she hadn’t slept. It seemed that she was not feeling
well. She would not have gotten rained if she had brought her umbrella yesterday.
That rain must have affected her badly. I wish she had been more careful with her
health.
II. FORMULATION
INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT
SITUATION
CLAUSE CLAUSE
past future untrue in the future
Wish simple past untrue in the present
past perfect untrue in the past
Example: → I wish my parents would come to the graduation ceremony.

→ I wish she were here.
→ I wish they had come to the party.
AS IF CLAUSE SITUATION
past future untrue in the future
as if simple past untrue in the present
past perfect untrue in the past
Example: → Work as if you would live forever!

→ She always brings an umbrella as if it rained every day.
→ When I heard the news, I felt as if my heart had stopped beating.
RESULT CLAUSE SITUATION
will + bare infinitive true in the future
would + bare infinitive untrue in the present
would have + past participle untrue in the past
Example: → She will arrive at 7.00 tomorrow.

→ It would be nice to have a holiday tomorrow.
→ I don’t know what would have happened to us without her help.
III. THE USE
1. Wish is used to express that something or an activity is untrue in the future,

present, and past.
Example: → I wish I would graduate from this collage next semester.

(I will not graduate from this collage next semester.)
→ They wish they were professional football players.
(They are not professional football players.)
→ She wishes I had come to her birthday party.
(I didn’t come to her birthday party.)
2. Similar to wish, as if is also used to express that something or an activity is

untrue in the future, present, and past.
Example: → She locks all doors and windows as if there would be a storm.
(There will not be a storm.)
→ He talks as if he were our boss.
(He is not our boss.)
→ They were so calm as if they had known the solution.
(They didn’t know the solution.)
3. Would is also used to express that something or an activity is untrue in the

future, present, and past.
Example: → She would be happier to get a bar of chocolate tomorrow.

(She will not get a bar of chocolate tomorrow.)
→ It would be surprising if Bob were here.
(Bob is not here.)
→ I didn’t know what I would have done without their help.
(I knew what to do because they helped me.)
IV. PRACTICE
A. Determine whether or not these sentences are incorrect!

Example: I wish Ann would be here now. (incorrect)
→ I wish Ann were here now.
1. It would be nice to have a holiday tomorrow.

2. He performed the plot as if he were an actor.
3. They wish they will become soldiers.
4. We would have gone to campus if it didn’t rain last week.
5. She dresses herself as if she was mature.
6. I wish everything is going to be fine.
7. I will eat if I feel hungry.
8. It looks as if it is going to rain.
9. She acted as if she didn’t known me.
10. They wish she will get better soon.
B. Change a word or phrase in the bracket in the appropriate conditional!

Example: He would give you the money if he (have) it.
→ He would give you the money if he had it.
1. If the roofer doesn’t come soon, the rain (leak) inside.

2. I (know) about the meeting if you had told me.
3. She wishes she (miss) the subway, so she (miss) the exam yesterday.
4. I wish the library (not, closed), thus I (not, wait) until tomorrow.
5. (Be) I you, I would go to Montreal.
6. They acted as if they (rich).
7. Wearing that dress, Molly looks as though she (be) a princess.
8. Having eaten the spicy food, she was sweaty as if she (take) a shower
with dress on.
9. We wish it (stop) raining soon, so we (can, go) home.
10. He works as if he (have) no time tomorrow.
C. Give your response!

Example: What would you do if you had $ 1000.000.0000?
→ I would get a luxurious house built, get married, and establish
an educational institution.
1. What would you do if your girlfriend or boyfriend asked you to get married
but you were not ready?
2. What would you do if a robber suddenly pointed a gun at your head?
3. What would you do if you lost your wallet when you were going to pay
meals that you had eaten?
4. What would you do if you were fired by your boss?
5. What would you do if you were prisoned because of criminality that you
didn’t do?
D. Create 10 conditional sentences by using WISH, AS IF, and WOULD!
Example: → I wish it were not raining, so I could go home now.

→ She dresses her cat as if it were a human.
→ We would go to the concert if we had the tickets.
1. The motorcycle would not have broke down if my father had checked it.
A B C D
2. Joel wishes that he will spend his vacation on the Gulf Coast next year.
A B C D
3. Mrs. Wood always talks to her tenth-grade students as though they
A B C
are adults.
D
4. Would your father go out more often if he hadn’t had to do
A B C
so much in the office?
D
5. Mike wished that the editors would permit him to copy
A B C
some of their materials.
D
6. If she had left the office earlier, she would not be so late
A B C
getting to the airport.
D
7. Because Rose did so poorly on the exam, she wishes that he studied
A B C
harder last night.
D
8. I wish I bought some eggs when I was at the store.
A B C D
9. If the man had transported to the hospital sooner than he was, he could
A B C
have survived the electrocution.
D
10. After we talked to each other for only a short time, we felt as if we
A B
knew each other all of our lives.
C D
11. When I reached the fourth floor, I feel as if I had climbed Mt. Everest
A B C
instead of just three flights of stairs.
D
12. I wish our classroom had some windows that it had not been so hot.
A B C D
13. If you caught plagiarizing one more time, you will be expelled.
A B C D
14. Should you lost your parking permit, you will have to buy a new one,
A B C
with no discount.
D
15. If you missed one of your lectures, you will be able to find them on the
A B C
internet, 24 hours after they were given.
D
16. They might have been injured if they were not wearing seatbelts.
A B C D
17. Ann had seen that the hotel was bad if she had checked the website.
A B C D
18. I wish I would have done a lot of research about the local history, so I
A B
knew exactly where I wanted to go.
C D
19. Ms. Laura wishes the computer had been automatically saved the
A B C
changes, thus she would not have lost her work.
D
20. I feel as though I’d been lying in the sun for hours.
A B C D
UNIT 3 Subjunctive
in noun clause
In this session, students learn formulations and functions of subjunctive in noun clause
which is useful to cope with exercises and daily English communication.
Having accomplished this topic, students are able to:
1. Identify formulations and functions of subjunctive in noun clause.

2. Answer various exercises related to subjunctive in noun clause.
3. Apply subjunctive in noun clause in daily English communication.
I. ILLUSTRATION
Max : Did you go to the concert last night?

George : I would have gone there if I had recovered from illness. Doctor
recommended that I not go anywhere. It was important that I take
a rest at home.
Max : I am so sorry to hear that. By the way, how is your condition?
George : It has been better. My parents were right. They advised that I be
careful with my health. I should not have ignored their words.
Max : I am happy to hear that. It is essential that you not force yourself
too much and I suggest that you not be ignorant towards your
parents’ words any more.
II. FORMULATION
Main Clause Noun Clause

S + bare infinitive + complement/ O
Common verbs followed by
S + not + bare infinitive +
subjunctive
complement/ O
Example: → Lecturers demand that we be on time.

→ My friend advised that I not buy that house.
→ Is essential that we eat three times a day on time?
Verbs followed by subjunctive:
demand (that) recommend (that) It is important (that)

insist (that) advise (that) It is necessary (that)
request (that) propose (that) It is essential (that)
ask (that) It is vital (that)
suggest (that) It is imperative (that)
III. THE USE
1. Subjunctive is used to stress importance.
Example: → I suggest that you eat more meals.

→ She advised that the secret not be told to anyone.
→ it is a must that students be diligent in studying.
→ The lecturer recommended I retake the class next semester.
→ My mother asked that I buy some fruits.
2. Subjunctive does not have present, past, and future form.
Example: → My friends have suggested that I save more money.

→ The demonstrators are asking that their salary be increased.
→ The fans requested the singer give a signature on his album.
→ Before the teacher started his class, he had demanded that the
students be on time.
→ It is vital that we wear helmets when riding a motorcycle.
3. Subjunctive is neither singular nor plural.
Example: → My sister asked that some apples be pealed.

→ It is important that she take a good care of her appearance.
→ Their parents suggest that they continue study to a collage.
→ He proposed that the building get painted.
→ It is necessary some plants grow around the city for fresh air.
Note: Should is also possible after suggest and recommend.*
Example: → The mechanic suggested that I should buy a new front tire.
→ The nurse recommend that I should see a doctor.
IV. PRACTICE
A. Create subjunctive in noun clauses in answer to the following sentences!

Example: Jolie often comes late when she has to work in the morning.
→ It is necessary that alarm be set in order for her to get up
earlier.
1. There are many corruptors that have not been jailed in our country.
2. Educational cost is growing expensive by the time.
3. It is difficult for me to understand what my lecturer explains in the class.
4. We feel quite tired but there is a pill of work that we have to finish.
5. I feel disappointed because my girlfriend has another boyfriend.
6. I need some help to finish my homework but everyone is busy.
7. They are not able to speak English fluently, so they failed speaking IV.
8. The lecturer gets angry easily, so his students are afraid to ask questions.
9. He wants to buy a new motorcycle but he doesn’t have enough money.
10. The room is quite dirty but I don’t have time to clean it.
B. Rearrange these words into a well-formed sentence!
Example: (necessary/It/that/is/diligently/study/students)
→ It is necessary that students study diligently.
1. (insists/I/that/finish/She/her homework/her/help)
2. (Did/ your academic advisor/that/you/recommend/English
debate/join/competition/?)
3. (the truth/demands/I/her/tell/She/that/no matter/it is/how pain)
4. (The constructors/all necessary things/asked/be/near the building/stored)
5. (important/It/is/when/a motorcycle/be turned on/the head
lamp/that/ride/you)
6. (the material/he/at home/teaches/I/advices/reread/The teacher/that/that)
7. (what/be kept/had happened/that/asked/He/secret)
8. (She/in/we/what/proposes/have planned/a little change/that/be made)
9. (be punctual/He/that/on/insists/the schedule/we/have been agreed/that)
10. (vital/Is/that/be responsible to/a company/its employees/ the future/it/?)
C. Match the following words or phrases into the blank sentences!
be turned off be obtained be installed

re-check not go not be invited
apologize not be held master
not be lazy be offered
Example: My sister advised that I …… to my friend for what I have done.

→ My sister advised that I apologize to my friend for what I have
done.
1. Doctor asked my young brother …… in brushing teeth.

2. It is important that the lamp …… when it is not used.
3. It is necessary that you …… your assignment before submitting it.
4. The college students demanded that the subject ..… in the short semester.
5. In 2014, it is obliged that master degree …... by prospective lecturers.
6. They propose that the annual meeting …… on Sunday.
7. She insists that her ex-boyfriend …… to join the trip.
8. It is raining hard. Ann suggests that we …… anywhere.
9. It is vital that an anti-virus …… on a computer.
10. The job requires that all applicants …… computer programming.
D. Create 10 sentences which contain subjunctive in noun clauses!
Example: → The teacher asks that the assignment not be submitted late.
→ The nurse recommended that she come to a pediatrician.
→ Class Structure 3 requires students pass class Structure 2.
1. Ms. Henry insisted that the results of the research to be presented

A B
to the panel before the vote was held.
C D
2. Having been suspended for misbehavior, the student requested that
A B C
reconsideration being taken.
D
3. The lecturer advised that Bob read a short description before the chapter
A
and comprehended it though it was not the actual homework that he was
B C
assigned.
D
4. Dean demanded that thorough research, complete investigation, and a
A B
well-written report been finished next month.
C D
5. The general recommended that the small town, which was protected by a
A B
cliff to the north, a river to the south, and a large forest to the east be
C
choosen for the fort.
D
6. It is important that students not preparing unwell when they are
A B C
to face a new school year.
D
7. The doctor suggested that the patient weight lose in order to reduce the
A B C
risk of suffering diabetes.
D
8. The judge insisted that the jury returned to deliberate further for the
A B C
completion of the case.
D
9. It has been suggested that we will change the location of the meeting
A B
due to bad traffic.
C D
10. It is important that you must arrive immediately since your presence
A B C
cannot be substituted.
D
11. Although her friends suggest that Christie applies for a job at the factory,
A B
she resists to make an application.
C D
12. She asked that George contacted as quickly as he had arrived at the office.
A B C D
13. Even for a graduate of a reputable business school that has
A
the proper credentials, it is difficult that a job find if being lack of
B C
practical experience.
D
14. The nurse asked that he exhale slowly and sat on the sofa while she was
A B C
examining his condition.
D
15. The doctor forced that an antibiotic inject into his body with a syringe.
A B C D
16. Upon reaching the destination, a number of personnel is asked that their
A B C
reservations be changed and proceed to Hawaii.
D
17. It is proper that a short paragraph be not added after the body of
A B C
this type of letter.
D
18. Maria’s parents suggested that she reschedules the party after the
A B
originally scheduled time.
C D
19. It is vital that vaccine given because it is able to prevent humans from
A B C
being attacked by diseases.
D
20. Because of the high risk of fire during the drought, the officials ordered
A B
that outside fire of any sort not to be set.
C D
UNIT 4 Simple Sentence
In this session, students learn formulations and functions of simple sentence which are
useful to cope with exercises and daily English communication.
1. Identify formulations and functions of simple sentence.

2. Answer various exercises related to simple sentence.
3. Apply simple sentence in daily English communication.
I. ILLUSTRATION
Max : What are you going to do next Sunday?

Billy : I am going to go fishing in a fishing pool.
Max : That sounds great. May I join you?
Billy : Of course. Come to my house at about 6.00. Don’t forget to bring
fishing stuffs.
Max : All right. By the way, how much does it cost to enter the fishing pool?
Billy : We don’t need to pay when entering the pool. However, caught fishes
are measured to find out their weight. Then, we pay as much as the
weight of the fishes.
Max : How much is it per kg?
Billy : It is just 10.000 rupiah.
Max : Okay. See you that day.
II. FORMULATION
Subject + Verb + Object / Complement.

Verb + Object / Complement!
Question Form + Subject + Verb + Object / Complement?
Example: → I am a college student.

→ We are not studying Math.
→ Close the windows!
→ Don’t be rude, please.
→ Have you eaten lunch?
→ Is she being busy right now?
III. THE USE

1. To express a statement.
Example: → She has beautiful eyes.
→ Whale is not the biggest animal in the world.
→ I didn’t go to campus yesterday.
2. To express an imperative.
Example: → Give it more sugar, please.
→ Don’t come late!
→ Go hiding!
3. To express a question.
Example: → Are you okay, Leon?
→ Where did you go last night?
→ Will you go with me to the party?
Note: Formula for question tag is different from the formula above.
Example: → She is smart, isn’t she?
→ They didn’t do the assignment, did they?
→ He has gone home, hasn’t he?
IV. PRACTICE
A. Rearrange these words into a well-formed sentence!

Example: (last/didn’t/well/sleep/I/well/night)
→ I didn’t sleep well last night.
1. (a language/It/to learn/a long/ takes/time)

2. (In any/greatly/carnivores/herbivores/animal community/outnumber)
3. (Floods/worth of property/annually/billions of dollars/damage/cause)
4. (airmail service/in 1918/Regular/in the United States/began)
5. (but/the tiny coral snake/beautiful/Is/deadly?)
6. (that/dog!/away/from/Keep)
7. (Mushrooms/in an incredible range of/are found/and shapes/sizes, colors)
8. (measures/The Richter scale/earthquakes/the severity of)
9. (what to do?/the nurse/you/Did/tell)
10. (meet/anymore!/Don’t/her)
B. Determine whether or not these sentences are incorrect!

Example: I some books in Gramedia yesterday. (incorrect)
→ I bought some books in Gramedia yesterday.
1. She looks beautiful in black.

2. They are playing football in the back yard?
3. Open you the gate, please.
4. There two types of calculus, differential and integral.
5. Each of the Ice Ages was more than a million years long.
6. You don’t touch the hot iron!
7. Are you serious with what you just said.
8. Teeth are covered with a hard substance called enamel.
9. A number of special conditions necessary for the formation of geyser.
10. Earth and Pluto are the only two planets believed to have a single moon.
C. Match the following words in order to create a complete sentence!
pretty varies is
handed moves makes
have to arrive submitted
composed working
Example: She stops …… in order to have more time for her study.
→ She stops working in order to have more time for her study.
1. Ethics …… the study of moral duties, principles, and values.

2. In a chess game, the player with the white pieces always …… first.
3. The battery, along with the alternator and starter, …… up the electrical
system of a car.
4. The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom …… from element to
element.
5. Cirrus cloud are …… entirely of ice crystals.
6. The offer must be …… in by tomorrow morning.
7. Because of work, many fathers cannot …… in time for their children’s
concerts at school.
8. All applications must be …… on or before May 14th in order to be
considered for the fall semester.
9. In the beginning of chapter 1, the book is …… boring.
10. She will …… take two weeks off because of that injury.
D. Create 10 simple sentences by involving the following words!
sharpen automatic marketing

minimize systematic production
cooperate furious income
argue enchanting balance
Example: → The marketing of our products increased 5% last year.

→ Don’t argue what she says!
1. In the United States, for water treatment is generally the responsibility of
A B C
municipal governments.
D
2. Crop rotation it is one method of preserving soil fertility.
A B C D
3. Adopted by Canada the dollar as its monetary unit in 1878.
A B C D
4. Being almost impossible to capture the beauty of the aurora borealis
A B C
in photographs.
D
5. Harvard University that has two major art museums,
A B C
the Fogg and the Sadler.
D
6. American actress and director Margaret Webster famous as she became
A B
for her production of Shakespearean plays.
C D
7. It is two gas tanks are connected to welding equipment, one full of
A B C
oxygen and the other full of acetylene.
D
8. That Philip Glass who is more interested in rhythm than in melody is
A B C
apparent from his compositions.
D
9. That the earth is constantly bombarded by cosmic rays.
A B C D
10. There are three primary colors are red, blue, and yellow.
A B C D
11. That Jane Byrne who was elected the first woman mayor
A B C
of Chicago in 1979 is true.
D
12. Every computer consist of a number of systems working together.
A B C D
13. On the moon has no air because the moon’s gravitational field is too
A B C
weak to retain an atmosphere.
D
14. The Glass Mountains of northwestern Oklahoma are covered with flecks
A B
of gypsum shine in the sunlight.
C D
15. In some cases, it is difficult to decide if an organism a plant or an animal.
A B C D
16. The first American novelist to have a major impact on world literature
A B C
who was James Fennimore Cooper.
D
17. To take a tomato plant from seventy-five to eighty-five days to develop
A B C
into a mature plant with ripe fruit.
D
18. There are only a few of the sounds produced by insects can
A B C
be heard by human.
D
19. In Michigan, there salt deposits are over 600 feet deep.
A B C D
20. Before the invention of the printing press, books that were very rare.
A B C D
UNIT 5 Compound Sentence:
Coordinate and Correlative Conjunction
In this session, students learn formulations and functions of coordinate and correlative
conjunction which are useful to cope with exercises and daily English communication.
1. Identify formulations and functions of coordinate and correlative conjunction.

2. Answer various exercises related to coordinate and correlative conjunction.
3. Apply coordinate and correlative conjunction in daily English communication.
I. ILLUSTRATION
Mrs. Brown : Both Ann and Ashley want to join with us in the trip to Sanur
beach. Unfortunately, we have only one seat left in our car.
Mr. Brown : I think it will be better not to allow them join us. Bringing one of
them will make either Ann or Ashley disappointed.
Mrs. Brown : You are right. We can bring neither Ann nor Ashley with us. It
will make not only one of them disappointed but also our car full.
Mr. Brown : Tell Ann and Ashley that we are so sorry for not being able to
bring them with us. I am sure they will understand.
Mrs. Brown : I phone Ann but her number is being busy. What should I do?
Mr. Brown : You should wait for a moment or tell her after Ashley.
II. FORMULATION
A. Coordinate Conjunction
noun + and / but / or + noun
adjective + and / but / or + adjective
verb + and / but / or + verb
Example: → She has a car and a motorcycle.

→ He is rich but arrogant.
→ We can stay at home or go out tonight.
B. Correlative Conjunction
both …… and ……
not only …… but also ……
either …… or ……
neither …… nor ……
Example: → Both Mike and Max are smart.
→ We not only swept the floor but also cleaned the window.
→ She must be either at office or at home.
→ The film is neither attractive nor educative.
III. THE USE
A. Coordinate Conjunction
1. Conjunction and is correctly used to show addition.
Example: → She must finish her homework and submit it tomorrow.

→ They are tough and unbeatable.
→ Molly and I went to beach last week.
→ He wants to finish his study soon and (to) get a job.
2. Conjunction but is correctly used to show contrast or opposition.
Example: → She must study for the exam but she wastes her time for fun.
→ This laptop is cheap but reliable.
→ It was not Max but Billy who didn’t come to the meeting.
→ I don’t want to drink a cup of coffee but a glass of milk.
3. Conjunction or is correctly used to show choice between alternatives.
Example: → She probably bought a watch or a belt for her boyfriend.

→ You may cook rice or wash plates.
→ If he is not at home, he must be at office or at collage.
→ After finishing my study, I can continue to master degree or
look for a job.
4. Conjunction so is correctly used to show result of an action.
Example: → I won the lottery, so I will quit working.

→ It’s raining, so we cannot go to the park.
→ She was sick, so she didn’t go to campus.
→ He looked nervous, so I asked him to be calm.
B. Correlative Conjunction
Correlative conjunction is a conjunction in pair which must not be placed in an

incorrect combination.
Example: → She has neither a car or a motorcycle. (INCORRECT)

→ She has neither a car nor a motorcycle. (CORRECT)
→ Not only Leon and Chris joined the mission. (INCORRECT)
→ Not only Leon but also Chris joined the mission. (CORRECT)
IV. PRACTICE
A. Fill the blank with the appropriate conjunction!
Example: I may choose …… a bar of chocolate or a bottle of milk.

→ I may choose either a bar of chocolate or a bottle of milk.
1. She studies …… English but also Spanish.
2. My father sold vegetables …… fruits in the traditional market.
3. My teacher has foreign students …… he doesn’t have local students.
4. His Asean tour includes …… Singapore and Malaysia but also Thailand.
5. My brother did his assignment neither quickly …… correctly.
6. You may continue your study to master degree now ...... next year.
7. It was raining hard when I went home …… I got wet.
8. My husband asked me to determine if we bought a bouquet of flowers ……
a box of chocolate.
9. The car is being repaired …… I cannot use it now.
10. Tina not only practices English …… teaches it.
B. Combine these ideas with the appropriate coordinate conjunction!
Example: Homer wrote the Iliad. Homer wrote the Odyssey.

→ Homer wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey.
1. Historians know that Alice lived in Greece. Historians know that Alice
lived in the 7th century B.C.
2. They may have lived in the 6th century B.C. They may have lived in the 5th
century B.C.
3. There are no written records about his life. No one can be sure about his
history.
4. In the past we knew that there were eleven planets in the universe. Now
we know that there are thousand or even million planets in the universe.
5. The books could have been written by one man. The books could have
been written by many people.
6. One of the most famous tricks in history is the trick of the Trojan Horse.
The Trojan Horse is not the most famous trick in the history of military.
7. William Shakespeare was born in 1564. William Shakespeare’s father was
a soldier.
8. Some people think of Leonardo as an engineer. Some people think of
Leonardo as a painter.
9. I often teach English from 7.10 to 21.40. I get more than two million rupiah
every month.
10. The children in the back yard has not taken a bath. The children in the back
yard has not brushed their teeth.
C. Combine these ideas with the appropriate correlative conjunction!
Example: The lecturer didn’t come to the class. The lecturer didn’t give any
assignment to the class.
→ The lecturer neither came nor gave any assignment to the class.
1. The sea snakes that live at the bottom are more poisonous than the Cobra.
The sea snakes that live at the bottom are more poisonous than the Rattle.
2. Electric eels are not less dangerous than anacondas. Electric eels are not
less dangerous than pythons.
3. Tomorrow morning at 7.00, they will probably be fishing. Tomorrow
morning at 7.00, they will probably be swimming.
4. I have to finish the assignment now. I have to submit the assignment to the
lecturer now.
5. Scientists estimate that people have lived in North America for 20.000
years. Scientists estimate that people have lived in North America for
30.000 years.
6. There are indigenous people in Central and South America. There are
indigenous people in Canada and the United States.
7. By the time the people returned, the fire hadn’t consumed the entire village.
By the time the people returned, the fire hadn’t killed the entire livestock.
8. I think that she is a good tennis player because she hits the ball hard. I think
she is a good ballerina because she dances beautifully.
9. The coffee that you made doesn’t smell good. The coffee that you made
doesn’t taste good.
10. I have one more ticket left, so you can ask Ann to join us. I have one more
ticket left, so you can ask Fio to join us.
D. Create sentences using coordinate and correlative conjunction at least 10

for each of them!
Example: Coordinate Conjunction
→ I have one young sister and three young brothers.
→ I am not very good at Math but I am good at English.
Correlative Conjunction
→ She is both young and enthusiastic.
→ We went neither to beach nor to mountain.
1. Model airplanes can be guided both by control wires or

A B C
by radio transmitters.
D
2. Specialty stores, unlike department stores, handle only one line of
A B
merchandise instead a limited number of closely related lines.
C D
3. Thomas Eakins studied not only painting but also anatomy as well when
A B C
he was training to become an artist.
D
4. Information in a computer can be lost because it is not longer stored or
A B C
because it is stored but cannot be retrieved.
D
5. A mosaic is a picture done from small bits of neither colored glass or tile.
A B C D
6. Although topology is the youngest branch of geometry, however it is
A B C
considered the most sophisticated.
D
7. John Lancaster Spaulding was not only a religious leader
A B
and also a social reformer.
C D
8. In 1923 Jean Toomer wrote a book titled Cane that combined fiction
A B
or poetry to describe the experience of being black in the United States.
C D
9. Although fish can hear, they have neither external ears or eardrums.
A B C D
10. In all animals, whether simple and complex, enzymes aid in the
A B C
digestion of food.
D
11. Endive can be used such as a salad green or as a cooking vegetable.
A B C D
12. The two most common methods florists are used to tint flowers are the
A B C
spray method and the absorption method.
D
13. Beekeepers can sell both the honey and the beeswax that their bees
A B C
produces.
D
14. Glucose does not have to be digested, so it can put directly
A B C
into the bloodstream.
D
15. The human brain is often compared to a computer, and such an analogy
A B C
can be misleading.
D
16. Not only rust corrodes the surface of metal, it but also weakens
A B C
its internal structure.
D
17. Natural fiber comes from either animal otherwise plant sources.
A B C D
18. A work of science fiction generally uses scientific discoveries and
A B
advanced technology, either real or imaginary, as part of their plot.
C D
19. Community theatre provides not only entertainment for local audiences
A B
but also furnishes a creative outlet for amateurs interested in drama.
C D
20. Paint is not only the substance which is used to protect wood.
A B C D
UNIT 6 Compound Sentence:
Conjunctive Adverb
In this session, students learn formulations and functions of conjunctive adverb which
are useful to cope with exercises and daily English communication.
1. Identify formulations and functions of conjunctive adverb.

2. Answer various exercises related to conjunctive adverb.
3. Apply conjunctive adverb in daily English communication.
I. ILLUSTRATION
Erie : I am not feeling well; furthermore, I haven’t finished the
assignment given by my lecturer. I don’t think that I will go to
campus today.
Fiolina : I’m so sorry to hear that. I hope you will get better soon; in addition,
you can finish the assignment. As we know, the weather is
unpredictable lately. It’s bright now; in contrast, it will probably
rain hard several hours later. Therefore, you must keep your health
well.
Erie : Thanks. By the way, have you arrived at campus?
Fiolina : Yes, I have arrived at campus fifteen minutes ago. My car is being
repaired; as a result, I must go to campus by taxi. Don’t worry about
missing activities at campus. I’ll tell you if there is homework or
assignment from lecturer.
Erie : Thank you very much, Fio.
Fiolina : You’re welcome.
II. FORMULATION
independent clause; conjunctive adverb, independent clause
Example: → He didn’t wear a helmet when riding; consequently, he was

stopped by policemen.
→ I have ever lost consciousness because of missing breakfast;
henceforth, I never miss it again.
→ I like dressing in bright colors; in contrast, my wife likes dressing
in dark colors.
→ She says she doesn’t love me; in fact, she cannot preserve being
apart with me.
Common conjunctive adverbs:
 accordingly  furthermore  next

 additionally  hence  nonetheless
 again  henceforth  notably
 almost  however  now
 although  in addition  otherwise
 anyway  in comparison  rather
 as a result  in contrast  similarly
 besides  in fact  still
 certainly  incidentally  subsequently
 comparatively  indeed  that is
 consequently  instead  then
 contrarily  just as  thereafter
 conversely  likewise  therefore
 elsewhere  meanwhile  thus
 equally  moreover  undoubtedly
 eventually  namely  uniquely
 finally  nevertheless  on the other hand
 further
III. THE USE
A conjunctive adverb is used to connect two independent clauses. It can show

cause and effect, sequence, contrast, comparison, or other relationships.
Example: → I wanted to see a horror movie; however, my friend wanted to see
a comedy movie.
→ You need to focus on your studies; otherwise, you will fail the
class.
→ I cannot go out tonight; in addition, there is a homework that must
be submitted tomorrow morning.
→ I was late; consequently, I was not permitted to enter the class.
IV. PRACTICE
A. Arrange these words into good sentences!

Example: (He/to campus/had gone/ when/came/I)
→ He had gone to campus when I came.
1. (am/an exam/going to face/I/therefore/study/must/hard/I)
2. (a gift/Girls/from boys/often receive/generally/a chocolate/is/it)
3. (Crocodile and alligator/like twins/look/however/different/they/are)
4. (continues/My friend/his study/outside/Lampung/
henceforth/rarely/meet/we)
5. (Bandar Lampung/from here/far/is/
approximately/takes/it/to get there/an hour)
6. (She/hard/study/must/unless/wants/reading 3/to retake/she/next semester)
7. (arranged/They/the books/just as/ordered/I)
8. (wasn’t chosen/He/as the leader of class/certainly/was/he/disappointed)
9. (at 18.00/He/home/arrived/thereafter/ate/dinner/he)
10. (turned off/I/the lamp/then/to bed/went/I)
B. Give the appropriate conjunctive adverb!

Example: The young man was so bashful;……, he didn’t speak to the girl.
→ The young man was so bashful; hence, he didn’t speak to the girl.
1. Angles are pure spirits; ……, they are invisible.
2. He heard the news; ……, he was overcome with grief.
3. Richard and Roger are different in personality; ……, they are brothers.
4. I remember being paid for the job; ……, I forget the exact amount.
5. She will not get up early; ……., the alarm is set on.
6. The officer compelled the prisoners to finish the job; ……., he wished.
7. The room was warm; ……, the students fell asleep.
8. W.H. Auden wrote many novels; ……, the novels are detective stories.
9. It’s raining hard in Pringsewu; ……, it’s being so bright and hot here.
10. He had a motorcycle accident; ……, he suffered from back pain.
C. Combine the following sentences with conjunctive adverbs!

Example: He was often absent from class structure 2. He failed class
structure 2.
→ He was often absent from class structure 2; hence, he failed it.
1. Ann is two years younger. She looks five years older than me.
2. She is always kind to him. He is so ignorant to her.
3. Fiolina is smart, diligent, and enthusiastic. She is beautiful and charming.
4. This room is painted white. The other one is painted black.
5. There are fifty students in class structure 3. All of them are never absent.
6. Of course I don’t mind taking you home. I’m going that way.
7. He submitted his assignment late. The grade of it was reduced.
8. You should take a taxi. It is the fastest and safest way to get there.
9. She said to me that she had been fine. She had not felt well.
10. I must arrive at campus soon. My motorcycle is out of gas.
D. Create 10 sentences using the following conjunctive adverbs!
accordingly in fact nonetheless

additionally incidentally notably
contrarily just as subsequently
henceforth likewise thereafter
Example: → She said she loved only me; in fact, she has another boyfriend.
→ He went to London last year; henceforth, we never meet again.
1. Johnson and Smith encountered many great difficulties in promoting

A B
their theories and methods; similarly, they reached
C
great heights in the business world.
D
2. Air is composed of about 78 percent nitrogen and only about 21 percent
A B
oxygen; however, is a little known fact on the street.
C D
3. There is a law in France; uniquely, it says only the family having the right
A B
to decide what must be known or not known about the health of a patient.
C D
4. Kurt Vonnegut wrote many novels; most, all of them
A B
display a remarkable skepticism about the ultimate value
C
of technological advances.
D
5. In recent month, the final mapping of human genome has extended the
A
range of medical treatments; indeed, it has increased cures available to
B C
those are suffering from various diseases.
D
6. Ink stains will not succumb to the usual array of detergents and cleaners
A
found in supermarkets; consequently, it regarded as the most difficult
B C
stains to remove.
D
7. The mimic octopus that has a naturally aggressive disposition and
A
a particularly large size; in fact, it survives quite easily because of
B C
its natural adaptations.
D
8. Life in the Sahara has many negative features including aridity and high
A B
temperatures; therefore, it has many positive aspects as well.
C D
9. Japanese persimmon offered the precocity of the trees and the large size
A
and great beauty of the fruit; as a result, its introduction into the
B
United States aroused wide spread interesting throughout the country.
C D
10. To supply the means for providing a sufficient and wholesome supply of
A B
food for the nation’s people the function of the Department of
C
Agriculture; moreover, it is the most important function.
D
11. The Asiatic wild ass famed for knowing how to run fast; otherwise,
A B C
it is known as the onager.
D
12. A nocturne by Jensen unlike a melody by Rossini or a scherzo
A
by Beethoven; in comparison, it brings into focus the difference
B C
between schools of music.
D
13. The Duncan sofa is a colonial masterpiece; undoubtedly, it is highly value
A B C
in today’s antique furniture market.
D
14. Aluminum is a silver, ductile metal; further, it’s the most abundant metal
A B
in the earth’s crust is.
C D
15. Alexander Graham bell is best remembered for his invention of the
A
telephone; hence, he is renowned for his work with the deaf.
B C D
16. He makes much higher grades than his brothers; however, they are
A B
a great deal more sociable than him.
C D
17. The original sections of New Orleans have been built upon a natural
A B
levee; then, the natural drainage of all streets away from the river.
C D
18. Mr. Gilmore is one of those men appearing to be friendly; henceforth, it is
A B C
very hard to deal with him.
D
19. He must follow the directions carefully in taking medicine; therefore, he
A B C
will get better much quicker.
D
20. I believe the man to be innocent of the crime; although, a large amount of
A B C
people think the man to be guilty.
D
UNIT 7 Complex Sentence:
Adjective Clause
In this session, students learn formulations and functions of adjective clause which are
1. Identify formulations and functions of adjective clause.

2. Answer various exercises related to adjective clause.
3. Apply adjective clause in daily English communication.
I. ILLUSTRATION
Mr. Smith is the man whose house is in front of mine. In the morning, before he
goes working, he always waters the front yard of his house in which he plants
various flowers. He works in a company where Hewlett Packard (HP) computers
are produced. Ten years ago, he got married with a woman who also worked in the
company. He has a daughter who schools in the same educational institution as me.
He lets her daughter go to school by a bicycle that he bought last month.
II. FORMULATION
adjective clause marker + verb + O/C
Example: → The lecturer who is wearing a brown shirt is Mr. Simpson.

→ Motorcycles that consume much gas are not chosen by students.
→ The book which is on the table is mine.
→ I know the man who can drive a car.
adjective clause marker + subject + verb + object/complement
Example: → The novel that he borrowed is boring.

→ The house where I live has two floors.
→ The girl whom I saw last night is Erie.
→ Next Sunday is the day when I have to leave Jakarta.
Adjective clause marker: that, who, whom, where, which, whose, when.
THE USE
1. Adjective clause marker who is used as a subject that is normally people.

Example: → The man who met me in the office was Mr. Kipps.
→ I saw the girl who got a motorcycle accident.
→ The students who are wearing green alma maters are from
STBA.
→ People who teach at higher schools are called lecturer.
2. Adjective clause marker whom is used as an object that is normally people.

Example: → The man whom she loves is Leon.
→ The residents whom we met were all kind.
→ The accident victims whom I saw were physically in a good
condition.
→ All students whom I teach are handsome and beautiful.
3. Adjective clause marker whose is used as possessive for people.

Example: → The student whose study card is left is not allowed to join the
examination.
→ The lecturer whose motorcycle is new is Mr. Smith.
→ People whose attitudes are bad will not be well-liked.
→ I know the man whose car was stolen.
4. Adjective clause marker which is used as a subject or object for things.

Example: → The laptop which was bought by Ann is black.
→ Things which are branded are usually expensive.
→ The room in which I study has an air conditioner.
→ Something about which I want to tell you is not a secret.
5. Adjective clause marker that is used as a subject or object for people or things.
Example: → The girl that gave me a chocolate is Erie.
→ The lecturer that teaches structure 3 is Mr. Brown.
→ The book that I read is interesting.
→ Novels that tell love stories are not my favorite novels.
6. Adjective clause marker where is used as adverb of place.

Example: → The higher school where I study is Teknokrat.
→ It is the room where I usually work.
→ The hotel where we stayed for a week is not expensive.
→ The swimming pool where we swam has four chambers.
7. Adjective clause marker when is used as adverb of time.

Example: → Tomorrow morning is the day when he has to face the exam.
→ Sunday is the day when I am free.
→ 04.00 is the time when she usually gets up.
→ Next month is the deadline when the assignment must be
submitted.
Note: Adjective clause can be reduced. When the noun that you are describing is
NOT the subject of the adjective clause, you can remove the connector
“that” or “which” or “whom”. DO NOT REMOVE other connectors , ie.
Where, whose, or when.
Example: The herb that many people have in their garden can be used
medicinally.
→ The herb many people have in their garden can be used
medicinally.
I like the book which you are reading because it is interesting.

→ I like the book you are reading because it is interesting.
PRACTICE
A. Combine these simple sentences into more complex sentences. Use the
second sentence as an adjective clause.
Example: It is easy to recognize my house. My house is painted purple.
→ It is easy to recognize my house that is painted purple.
1. There are many students in the class. I haven’t known them.

2. There are buildings in Germany. They have pointy spires.
3. I have a motorcycle. I bought it five years ago.
4. There are many huge stained glass windows. They are symbols of gothic
architecture.
5. She is the girl. I fall in love with her.
6. It is easy to recognize Greek buildings by their roof. The roof has no arch.
7. Many churches are built in the shape of a cross. Those churches are in
Europe.
8. The lecturer is Mr. Smith. He teaches structure 4.
9. Houses in Toronto are narrow and have high ceilings. Those houses are in
the Victorian style.
10. The man is Mike. I accidentally met him in London.
B. Combine these simple sentences into more complex sentences. Use the
second sentence as an adjective clause.
Example: This is a house. I live in it.
→ This is a house which I live in,
→ This is a house in which I live, or
→ This is a house where I live.
1. Every neighborhood in Brussels has small cafes. Customers drink coffee

and eat pastries there.
2. 07.10 is the time. I start teaching at that time.
3. Egypt is the country. All western architecture started from that place.
4. Seven thousand years ago was a time. The Egyptians built their pyramids
at that time.
5. Morocco is a country. The Romans imported marble from it.
6. Sunday is the day. I don’t have to work on that day.
7. The Renaissance was a time. People started building Greek-style buildings
at that time.
8. The Victorian Era was a time. Many narrow buildings were built at that
time.
9. That is the suitcase. You must go up it.
10. The beach was beautiful. We spent our vacation there.
C. Combine these sets of sentences – use the second sentence as an adjective

clause!
Example: I met the woman. Her husband is a lecturer in Teknokrat.
→ I met the woman whose husband is a lecturer in Teknokrat.
1. Mr. Smith teaches students. Their native language is not Spanish.

2. Roman buildings are older than Gothic buildings. Roman arches are
round.
3. I live in a boarding house. Its residents came from many regions.
4. I have to call the woman. I accidentally picked up her pen after the
meeting.
5. That is the building. Its penthouse is the most expensive in Canada.
6. A man’s motorcycle was stolen. He called the police.
7. That is the woman. Her book is used as the textbook.
8. The man’s daughter had been admitted to the hospital. I spoke to him.
9. I read about a child. His life was saved by her pet dog.
10. We couldn’t find the man. His car was blocking the driveway.
D. Reduce the following adjective clauses into adjective phrases!

Example: Students who take structure 3 must have passed structure 1 and 2.
→ Students taking structure 3 must have passed structure 1 and 2.
1. People who want to buy herbal medicine have a much wider choice today
than even 10 years ago.
2. The human backbone is a highly complex and delicate structure which is
made up of 33 small bones called vertebrae.
3. Brain tumors are a mass of cells-either abnormal or normal-that grow
unnecessarily in the brain.
4. The cause of type 1 diabetes is unknown, although there is evidence that
shows it might be inherited.
5. Emphysema is caused by gradual damage to the structure of the lungs,
which makes it harder to exhale.
6. Which drug is prescribed will depend on the individual patient, and their
particular form of the disease which affects them.
7. St Louis encephalitis, which was named after the town where it was first
classified in 1933, is the most common viral encephalitis in the US.
8. So far, avian influenza has mostly infected people who have been around
infected birds and their waste.
9. Tourette’s syndrome tics, which are classified into two broad categories,
can be verbal or physical.
10. In 2004, the number of cases of mumps which were recorded in England
and Wales jumped dramatically.
1. Most folk songs are ballads have simple words and tell simple stories.
A B C D
2. After its introduction in 1969, the float process that became the world’s
A B
principal method of manufacturing flat sheets of glass.
C D
3. Dolphins lack vocal cords but they have a large, oil-filled organ calling
A B C
the melon, with which they can produce a variety of sounds.
D
4. In 1850, Yale University established Sheffield Scientific School, where
A B
were engineers educated.
C D
5. There are thousands of kinds of bacteria, many of whom are beneficial.
A B C D
6. The Ringling Brothers were five brothers which built a small group of
A B
performers into the world’s largest circus.
C D
7. Most beans are cultivated in the United States are a form of kidney bean.
A B C D
8. In addition to being a naturalist, Stewart E. White was a writer who
A B
novels describe the struggle for survival on the American frontier.
C D
9. Diamonds are often found in rock formations called pipes, which they
A B C
resemble the throats of extinct volcanoes.
D
10. William Samuel Johnson, helping writing the constitution, becoming
A B C
the first president of Columbia University in 1787.
D
11. Seals are able to move short distances faster than most people can
A B
run appear clumsy on the land.
C D
12. The Pritzker Prize is given every year to architects their work benefits
A B C
humanity and the environment.
D
13. The instrument panel of a light airplane has at least a dozen instruments
A B
that the pilot must watch them.
C D
14. A keystone species is a species of plants or animals which its absence has
A B C
a major effect on an ecological system.
D
15. Active stocks are stocks they are frequently bought and sold.
A B C D
16. Pipettes are glass tubes, open at both ends, which chemists use them to
A B C
transfer small volumes of liquid.
D
17. The size and shape of a nail that depend primarily on the function which
A B
they are intended for.
C D
18. Gene Krupa had one of the few big bands that it was centered
A B C
on a drummer.
D
19. In geometry, a tangent is a straight line whose touching a curve
A B C
at only one point.
D
20. There are many species of plants and animals that they are peculiar
A B C
to Hawaii.
D
Noun Clause
In this session, students learn formulations and functions of noun clause which are
1. Identify formulations and functions of noun clause.

2. Answer various exercises related to noun clause.
3. Apply noun clause in daily English communication.
I. ILLUSTRATION
Mia : Please tell me what I should prepare for the exam and when it will be
held. I was absent in the last meeting.
Tina : You have to study what Mr. Smith has explained starting from the
beginning till the end. The time and the place are when and where we
usually study.
Mia : Do you know what type of test Mr. Smith will give in the exam?
Tina : It will be a multiple choice test consisting of 50 items. By the way,
may I know how you will prepare yourself for the exam?
Mia : I will probably spend more time at home for studying. How about
you?
Tina : I will study together with other students in the library. We will
discuss what Mr. Smith will probably question in the exam.
II. FORMULATION
noun clause marker + verb + O/C
Example: → He knows what makes her happy.

→ I wonder what brings him here.
→ The policeman found out who killed the girl.
→ Who led the mission has been decided by general.
noun clause marker + subject + verb + object/complement
Example: → They asked the lecturer why they failed the class.
→ I didn’t know what she was thinking of.
→ That the earth is round is not questionable.
→ Where she is now is still unknown.
Noun clause marker: how, what, when, who, where, why, that.
III. THE USE
1. Noun clause is used as a subject in a sentence.

Example: → How the prisoners escaped from the jail is being investigated.
→ When we will have a meeting has not been decided yet.
→ Why she left home is still mysterious.
→ What causes the errors on my computer is being removed.
2. Noun clause is used as an object in a sentence.

Example: → I can estimate how much that bag costs.
→ We are discussing what may be questioned in the exam.
→ They hide what I have to know.
→ She didn’t tell me when she will go to Bandung.
Note: To make a noun clause reduction, first, remove the subject of the noun
clause; second, change the entire verb structure to the infinitive.
Example: I don’t know what I should do.

→ I don’t know what to do.
He asked the receptionist when he should call the director.

→ He asked the receptionist when to call the director.
I. PRACTICE
A. Fill the blank with the best connector of noun clause! In some cases, there
can be more than one correct answer.
Example : ______ Jack the reaper is has not been discovered yet.
→ Who Jack the reaper is has not been discovered yet.
1. ______ “Excalibur” was made is a question that is still unanswered.

2. The question is ______ helped them escape the prison.
3. ______ the president chose that particular place to build a capital is a
mystery.
4. ______ the king chose his knights was very unique at that time.
5. Many people are still looking for ______ the treasure was buried.
6. There are many mysteries about ______ she died.
7. I don’t know ______ she arrived home.
8. ______ the medicine was made of is not explained at detail.
9. ______ Arthur knew where “Excalibur” was is a mystery.
10. ______ drove Jack the reaper to kill prostitutes is unknown.
B. Change these questions into sentences that begin: I don’t know … or I want
to know … Remember that the word order must change to {connector +
subject + verb}.
Example : Why is she always cheerful?

→ I don’t know why she is always cheerful.
1. How did you come here?
2. Where are you going to go?
3. What are you thinking about?
4. When will she go to London?
5. Why do you look so nervous?
6. Who makes him fall in love?
7. How to go to the bus station from here?
8. Where will you go for vacation?
9. When will the exam be held?
10. Why is the problem so complicated?
C. Change the following pairs of sentences into one sentence which contains
a noun clause!
Example : Please tell me something. What time is it?
→ Please tell me what time it is.
1. I want to ask you something. What time does the class start?
2. Please tell me something. What is the professor’s email?
3. Please tell me something. Who is the teacher?
4. I want to know something. At what time should I hand in my class?
5. I would like to ask you something. For what reason are you late?
6. Please tell me something. At which place should I hand in my report?
7. I want to ask you something. In which direction does this bus go?
8. I would like to know something. At what time is the professor’s office
hour?
9. Please tell me something. What is the length of the Christmas break?
10. I want to know something. In what way should I submit my final report?
D. In the following sentences, make noun clause reductions where it is

possible, and where it will not confuse the meaning of the sentence!
Example: She will not tell me what I should prepare for the exam.
→ She will not tell me what to prepare for the exam.
1. I want to know when I should come to the party.

2. He asked when the semester begins.
3. When you are invited to a dinner party, it is important to ask what you
should bring.
4. Most graduation ceremonies have instructions about what you should wear.
5. What Martin Luther wanted was to explain what people should do to go to
heaven.
6. When Martin Luther made his proposal, the pope told him that he should
stop.
7. The pope told Martin Luther to stop, or he would be excommunicated.
8. What Martin Luther did was to open a schism in the Catholic Church,
which was something that he didn’t want to do.
9. Many Germanic kings did not think that the Roman pope could tell them
what they should do in their own kingdoms.
10 What many people objected to was that the Catholic Church told them that
they should not read the Bible by themselves.
1. That raindrops begin their existence as ice crystals over most of the earth
A B C
it seems likely.
D
2. Scientists cannot agree on how are fleas related to other orders of insects.
A B C D
3. It was in 1875 that Anna Winlock who joined the staff of the astronomical
A B C
observatory at Harvard University.
D
4. A test pilot tries out new kinds of aircraft to determine if are they safe.
A B C D
5. What ecologists call a gallery forest that is a narrow strip of woods along
A B C
a stream in an open grassland.
D
6. That heavy industry developed so rapidly in Alabama primarily because
A B C
of its rich natural resources.
D
7. What makes the monarch butterflies’ migration so incredible that these
A B
insects successfully migrate to places that they have never even seen.
C D
8. Art critics do not all agree on what are the qualities
A B
that make a painting great.
C D
9. In order to grow vegetables properly, gardeners must know that the
A B
requirements for each vegetable are.
C D
10. Exactly, when was the wheel invented is not known.

A B C D
11. For many years people have wondered whether life existence
A B C
elsewhere in the universe.
D
12. Although geologists have a clearly understanding of why earthquakes
A
occur, they cannot reliably predict when they will take place.
B C D
13. What many people objected to that the Catholic Church told them
A B
that they should not read the Bible by themselves.
C D
14. One of the most fascinating aspects of ancient Greek is what Gods they
A B C
created is.
D
15. He asked the receptionist when should call to catch the president.
A B C D
16. Why so many people die from this illness is unknown, but researchers
A B
have learned much about the source of the problem is.
C D
17. The doctors have not been able to determine when the woman beginning
A B C
to lose her mental capacity.
D
18. That malaria was caused by breathing impure air once a common belief.
A B C D
19. One basic question psychologists have tried to answer how people learn.
A B C D
20. When the meeting will be held has not decided until now.
A B C D
AdverbClause
In this session, students learn formulations and functions of adverb clause which are
1. Identify formulations and functions of adverb clause.

2. Answer various exercises related to adverb clause.
3. Apply adverb clause in daily English communication.
I. ILLUSTRATION
Edward : I am so sorry for canceling the appointment suddenly. I couldn’t

meet you because I had some works to finish in the office.
Rere : That’s ok. By the way, what is that?
Edward : Take it and find out by yourself, please. I bought it after I settled
with the works.
Rere : What a beautiful gown. How do you know that I want it very
much. I don’t know how to say thanks.
Edward : When I was in a super market, I saw you bargaining with a
shopkeeper for the gown.
Rere : That was an embarrassing thing. The gown was too expensive. I
couldn’t buy it though I wanted it.
Edward : Now it is yours. you can wear it whenever you want.
Rere : Thanks, Dear.
II. FORMULATION
adverb clause marker + subject + verb + object/complement
Example: → I didn’t go to campus because I was sick.

→ She usually arrives at school before I do.
→ He has to study hard unless he wants to retake structure 3 in the
coming semester.
→ We played football though it was raining.
Adverb clause marker: because, since, although, even though, while, if, unless,
when, while, as, since, until, once, before, after.
III. THE USE
Adverb clause is a clause that functions to give information such as cause,

opposition, contrast, condition, and time in a sentence.
Adverb
Clause Use Example
Marker
Because the speaker was sick, the program
because cause
was canceled.
Since credit cards are so convenient, many
since cause
people use them.
opposition
Although he earns a good salary, he never
although (contrary
saves any money.
cause)
Opposition
Even though she was tired, she stayed up
even though (contrary
late.
cause)
Some people arrive in taxis while others took
while contrast
the subway.
If the automobile had not been invented,
if condition what would people use for basic
transportation?
unless condition I won’t go unless you do.
when Time Your heart rate increases when you exercise.
Some people like to listen to music while
while Time
they are studying.
One train was arriving as another was
As Time
departing.
We haven’t seen professor Hill since she
since Time
returned from her trip.
Don’t put off going to the dentist until you
until Time
have a problem.
once Time Once the dean arrives, the meeting can begin.
Before he left the country, he bought some
before Time
traveler’s checks.
She will give a short speech after she is
after Time
presented with the award.
Note: In some cases an adverb clause can be reduced.
Example: After he took a bath, he went to bed.

→ Having taken a bath, he went to bed.
Because he missed the bus, he came late to campus.

→ Missing the bus, he came late to school.
Before she left the house, she locked the door.

→ Before leaving the house, she locked the door.
IV. PRACTICE
A. Fill the blank with the best connector of adverb clause! In some cases,
there can be more than one correct answer.
Example : ______ she was sick, she was absent from the class yesterday.
→ Because she was sick, she was absent from the class yesterday.
1. ______ getting the highest result in the final term test of structure 2, Mike
failed some other subjects.
2. ______ hard she tried it, she still couldn’t manage it.
3. He will take a rest ______ he finishes writing an essay.
4. I have to hurry in order to get to school ______ the gate is closed.
5. Fill the tank ______ it is full of gas.
6. ______ he went to England, we haven’t ever met again.
7. The students cannot pass the class ______their attendance is at least 80%.
8. I would have come to the meeting ______ I had been invited.
9. Some people like to eat meals ______ they are watching TV.
10. We cannot use the motorcycle ______ it is out of gas.
B. Rearrange the following words into well-formed sentences!
Example: (went to/I/the library/after/ended/the class)

→ I went to the library after the class ended.
1. (I/on the way/being/home/was/when/rained/it)
2. (usually/She/teeth/brushes/before/goes to/she/bed)
3. (The store/closed/was/because/got/the owner/bankruptcy)
4. (I/here/wait/will/until/raining/stops/it)
5. (directly/He/home/went/after/finished/he/working)
6. (would have/They/to the cinema/gone/if/hadn’t/it/rained)
7. (You/the assignment/finish/will not/unless/you/do/it/start to)
8. (kept/He/working/though/felt/so tired/he)
9. (cannot/The safe/opened/be/once/is/it/locked)
10. (fall/with him/I/in love/since/for/we/the first time/met)
C. Each of the following sentences contains a reduced clause. Indicate if the

sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I)!
Example: :incorrect
_______ I have eaten breakfast before go to school.
______ 1. Though was surprised at the results, she was pleased with what
she had done.
______ 2. Wearing only a light sweater, she stepped out into the pouring
rain.
______ 3. The family stopped to visit many relatives while driving across
the country.
______ 4. The company president, needed a vacation, boarded a plane for
the Bahamas.
______ 5. When applying for the job, you should bring your letters of
reference.
______ 6. She looked up into the dreary sky was filled with dark
thunderclouds.
______ 7. Feeling weak after a long illness, Sally wanted to try to get back
to work.
______ 8. Before decided to have surgery, you should get a second opinion.
______ 9. The construction material, a rather grainy type of wood, gave the
room a rustic feeling.
______ 10. The application will at least be reviewed if submitted by the
fifteenth of the month.
D. In the following sentences, make adverb clause reductions where it is

possible, and where it will not confuse the meaning of the sentence!
Example: When you finish the report, you are free to leave.
→ When finishing the report, you are free to leave.
1. If you are not completely satisfied, you can return the product to the
manufacturer.
2. Steve has had to learn how to cook and clean since he left home.
3. The ointment can be applied where it is needed.
4. Tom began to look for a job after he completed his master’s degree in
engineering.
5 Although he doesn’t select for the team, he attends all of the games as a
fan.
6. When the buyer purchase at this store, he gets a guarantee on all items.
7. The medicine is not effective unless it is taken as directed.
8. You should negotiate a lot before you buy a car.
9. Once they are purchased, the swimsuits cannot be returned.
10 Though it is located near the coast, the town does not get much of an ocean
breeze.
1. Small sailboats can easily capsize that they are not handled carefully.
A B C D
2. Despite they are tropical birds, parrots can live in temperate
A B C
or even cold climates.
D
3. Even though cats cannot see in complete darkness, but their eyes are
A B
much more sensitive to light than human’s eyes.
C D
4. It is added to a liquid, antifreeze lowers when the freezing temperature
A B C
of that liquid.
D
5. In spite of their frightening appearance, the squid is shy and
A B C
completely harmless.
D
6. Because of cheese is essentially a concentrated form of milk, it contains
A B C
the same nutrients as milk.
D
7. The reason of advertising is so widespread in the United States, it has had
A B C
an enormous effect on American life.
D
8. As a wave rolls towards shore, its shape is changed by it collision with
A B C
the shallow sea bottom.
D
9. snakebirds were not given their name because they eat snakes, but
A B C
because of their long, slender necks resemble snakes.
D
10. The fact that people are increasingly linked over long distances by
A B
electronic communications, but many of them still prefer face to face
C
encounters.
D
11. Whenever people who live together in one place, they form a community.
A B C D
12. Although managed by an independent governor and board directors, the
A B
bank of Canada owned by Canadian government.
C D
13. In the sixteenth century, it was thought that a compass needle pointed
A B C
north because some mysterious influence of the stars.
D
14. During lava cools exceptionally fast, it forms a natural glass
A B C
called Obsidian.
D
15. Unless they have been cooked, the seeds of Kentucky coffee
A B C
plant poisonous.
D
16. Although Adlai Stevenson was never elected president, he was one of the
A B
preeminent American politics of the mid twentieth century.
C D
17. Natural silk is still highly prized even though the availability of
A B C
artificial fabrics.
D
18. Cattle ranches are found almost wherever in Utah.
A B C D
19. Since its acute sense of smell, the blood hound is often used in tracking.
A B C D
20. When shines through a prism, a beam of white light breaks
A B C
into all the colors of the rainbow.
D
UNIT 10 Compound Complex Sentence
In this session, students learn formulations and functions of compound complex

sentence which are useful to cope with exercises and daily English communication.
1. Identify formulations and functions of compound complex sentence.

2. Answer various exercises related to compound complex sentence.
3. Apply compound complex sentence in daily English communication.
I. ILLUSTRATION
Guest : Where will you have a vacation next week?

Waiter : I have not decided it yet. I want to go to tourism objects in Europe,
Asia, or Africa when the vacation comes. However, I cannot go to
those tourism objects at the same time.
Guest : I suggest that you go to tourism objects in Asia or Europe because
flights to Africa are delayed until next month due to some reasons.
Brown : Really?
Smith : I heard it from the news on TV. By the way, after we discussed it
together, my family and I decided to go to tourism objects in Asia.
Isn’t it a good idea if both my family and yours go to the same tourism
objects in Asia?
Brown : That sounds great.
II. FORMULATION
At least, two independent clauses + one dependent clause
Examples : → I didn’t sweep the floor and clean the window before I left.
Independent clause : 1. I didn’t sweep the floor.

2. I didn’t clean the window.
Dependent clause : 1. before I left.
→ You may choose to buy either a chocolate, cheese, or ice cream

when we are in the super market, mini market, or traditional
market.
Independent clause : 1. You may choose to buy a chocolate.

2. You may choose to buy a cheese.
3. You may choose to buy an ice cream.
Dependent clause : 1. when we are in the super market.

2. when we are in the mini market.
3. when we are in the traditional market.
III. THE USE

1. To express a statement.
Example: → The man who has a lot of money possesses power and fame.
→ You must stay at home and study for the exam unless you have
been ready for it.
→ What you hear, see, and do will make you learn how you should
face the world, a place in which reality is not always the same
as what you expect.
2. To express an imperative.
Example: → Turn off the TV and lock the door before you sleep!
→ Buy a laptop or a computer when you have enough money!
→ Put coffee powder into the glass and give it sugar before you
pour hot water!
3. To express a question.
Example: → Doesn’t she look beautiful and smart if she wears a glasses?
→ Do they like studying in the library or at home when they face
an exam?
→ Is the exam that was given by Mr. Smith difficult or easy?
IV. PRACTICE
A. Arrange these words into good sentences!
Example: (only/He/and/sleeps/eats/when/takes/he/a vacation)

→ He only sleeps and eats when he takes a vacation.
1. (The boss/a quick/thorough/but/needed/response/the applicants/given by)
2. (he/The term paper/wrote/that/was/but/short/rather/very impressive)
3. (here/am/I/because/have to be/I/and/want to be/I)
4. (stay/can/you/home/or/with us/to the movies/go/if/want/you)
5. (to his home/invites/He/us/but/with us/talks/never/when/get/we/there)
6. (he/that/The exam/gave/was/short/difficult/but)
7. (students/are/There/in the classroom/studying/and/in front of/playing/the
building)
8. (interested in/are not/They/you/do/what/or/say/you/what)
9. (Mr. Brown/home early/to go/likes/but/his wife/to stay/prefers/late/when/
finish/they/working)
10. (are/you/looking for/The report/could be/in the file/on the desk/or)
B. Use conjunction, adjective, noun, or adverb clause markers to combine the
following simple sentences into compound complex sentences!
Example: She prefers staying at home. She doesn’t prefer going out. She has
spare time.
→ She prefers staying at home to going out when she has spare
time.
1. I don’t go to beach. I don’t go to mountain. I am in a vacation.
2. She is a friend. She is understanding. She is charming.
3. They stayed at home. They went to bed early. It rained hard last night.
4. He went to campus. He studied there. He was not feeling well.
5. Ms. Kim teaches us. She has black hair. She has brown eyes.
6. You don’t need to attend the class. You don’t need to do the assignments.
You want to fail the class.
7. The class is so alive with students. The class is so noisy. I cannot
concentrate on studying.
8. The plane will not arrive today. The plane will not arrive tomorrow. The
flight is delayed until next week.
9. He is probably at home at 7.00. He is probably at office at 7.00. You must
make an appointment.
10. The exam was a multiple choice test. The exam consisted of 50 items. Mr.
Kennedy gave us the exam.
C. Identify if the following compound complex sentences are grammatically

correct!
Example: _________
incorrect Before left home, she had asked her mother and father
for permission.
______ 1. According to the syllabus, can write a paper or you can take an
exam if you take this class.
______ 2. It would be noticed and appreciated if you could finish the work
before you leave.
______ 3. She wants not only to take a trip to Europe but she also would like
to travel to Asia after she comes back from Africa.
______ 4. You can graduate at the end of fall semester you can graduate at
the end of spring semester when all requirements are fulfilled.
______ 5. It depends on the perspective of the viewer if a film is considered
laudable, mediocrity, horrendous.
______ 6. There were papers to file, report to type, and letters should have
been answered that were put on my table when I arrived in the
office.
______ 7. The workers on the day shift they are more rested than the
workers on the night shift.
______ 8. I really don’t want to work and live in the Southeast because it is
one of the hottest areas in the United States.
______ 9. It is preferable to use the most efficient and effective method that
you can.
______ 10. The tree that was striking by lightning had been the tallest and
biggest of the two trees we had in the yard.
D. Write your own compound complex sentences! (10 sentences)
Example: → She didn’t grow flowers and keep a pet because she was rarely
at home.
→ What I do is neither right nor good in your eyes.
→ The girl whose house is next to mine often goes to school and
comes home with me.
1. The term “Yankee” was originally a nick name for people from
A
New England, but now any one from the United States are referred to
B C
as a Yankee.
D
2. The radioactive substances posing the greatest harm to humanity they
A B
have neither very short nor very long half lives.
C D
3. In Ground Control Approach, the air traffic controller informs the pilot
A B
and co-pilot how far is the plane from the touchdown point.
C D
4. Princeton University was founded in 1746, is one of the oldest and
A B C
the most prestigious universities in the United States.
D
5. Clay shingles are tiles that are laid atop the roof of a structure to protect
A B C
the roof and are seeing most often in the Southwest.
D
6. A massive star was located in the large Magellan Cloud exploded in
A B
1987 and a wave of neutrinos was detected on Earth.
C D
7. Since Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s father never approved of her to marry
A B
Robert Browning, the couple lived and wrote in Italy, where they eloped.
C D
8. An overly detailed description of the characters and setting of a novel

A B
can sometimes distract from the narrative quality of a short story
C
is formally accepted.
D
9. Richard Nixon had been a lawyer and an officer in the Navy before
A B C
he who entered politics.
D
10. The bow and the arrow continued to be used for hunting in the early
A B
Neolithic period though it was first invented in the Mesolithic period.
C D
11. The principles of physics described by Christian Doppler in 1842,
A
has been adopted and used to evaluate the movement of blood
B C
within the heart.
D
12. There are more than 1300 volcanoes spreading over the world,
A B
but only about 600 can classify as active.
C D
13. Coffee, a dark brown powder made by crushing coffee beans,
A
probably grew wild in Ethiopia in the province of Kaffe,
B
and from there it was bringing to southern Arabia.
C D
14. Implosive consonants which occur in many different languages
A B
particularly common in American and African languages.
C D
15. The understanding electricity depends on a knowledge of atoms and the
A B
subatomic particles of which they are composed.
C D
16. The plants that they belong to the family of ferns are quite varied
A B C
in their size and structure.
D
17. CAT scanner, a modern medical technology used by doctors,
A
functions not only for detecting conditions but also
B C
observation the effects of therapy.
D
18. Plastics better permit the passage of light; therefore,
A
they are processed using technologies are rivaling
B C
those used in the manufacture of computer chips.
D
19. The supreme court doesn’t hear a case; unless, it has already been tried,
A B
except, those are involving foreign ambassadors.
C D
20. The Harvard yard, which was Harvard’s original campus, still a major
A B C
attraction for both students and visitors.
D

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UNIT 1 Conditional Sentence:

Future, Present, and Past

In this session, students learn formulations and functions of conditional sentence:

1. Identify formulations and functions of conditional sentence: future, present, and

(+) If I were a rich man, I would go travelling every month.

1. We use Future Conditional to express something or activities which are true

Example: → They will pass the exam if they study hard.

Example: → If a cat has wings, it would fly and hunt birds.

A. Change a word or phrase in the bracket in the appropriate conditional!

Example: If it (rain) yesterday, I (come) to the party.

1. If there (be) flowers here, this yard (be) more beautiful.

C. Rewrite each sentence as a positive, negative or interrogative according

D. Create 10 conditional sentences which involve future, present, and past

15. If one of the participants in a conversation wonders what the other

Example: → I wish my parents would come to the graduation ceremony.

Example: → Work as if you would live forever!

Example: → She will arrive at 7.00 tomorrow.

III. THE USE

1. Wish is used to express that something or an activity is untrue in the future,

Example: → I wish I would graduate from this collage next semester.

2. Similar to wish, as if is also used to express that something or an activity is

3. Would is also used to express that something or an activity is untrue in the

Example: → She would be happier to get a bar of chocolate tomorrow.

A. Determine whether or not these sentences are incorrect!

1. It would be nice to have a holiday tomorrow.

B. Change a word or phrase in the bracket in the appropriate conditional!

1. If the roofer doesn’t come soon, the rain (leak) inside.

C. Give your response!

Example: → I wish it were not raining, so I could go home now.

1. Identify formulations and functions of subjunctive in noun clause.

Max : Did you go to the concert last night?

Main Clause Noun Clause

Example: → Lecturers demand that we be on time.

Verbs followed by subjunctive:

demand (that) recommend (that) It is important (that)

1. Subjunctive is used to stress importance.

Example: → I suggest that you eat more meals.

2. Subjunctive does not have present, past, and future form.

Example: → My friends have suggested that I save more money.

3. Subjunctive is neither singular nor plural.

Example: → My sister asked that some apples be pealed.

Note: Should is also possible after suggest and recommend.*

A. Create subjunctive in noun clauses in answer to the following sentences!

C. Match the following words or phrases into the blank sentences!

be turned off be obtained be installed

Example: My sister advised that I …… to my friend for what I have done.

1. Doctor asked my young brother …… in brushing teeth.

D. Create 10 sentences which contain subjunctive in noun clauses!

1. Ms. Henry insisted that the results of the research to be presented

1. Identify formulations and functions of simple sentence.

Max : What are you going to do next Sunday?

Subject + Verb + Object / Complement.

Example: → I am a college student.

III. THE USE

A. Rearrange these words into a well-formed sentence!

1. (a language/It/to learn/a long/ takes/time)

B. Determine whether or not these sentences are incorrect!

1. She looks beautiful in black.

C. Match the following words in order to create a complete sentence!