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    Simple Moment Experiment

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    Izzat Ikram
    The document describes an experiment to demonstrate equilibrium of moments using a simple beam apparatus. The objectives are to show moment equilibrium conditions using forces applied at different distances from the beam's axis. Key steps are to draw free body diagrams, calculate clockwise and counter-clockwise moments, and ensure they are equal for equilibrium. Sources of error and applications of the concept are also discussed.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Simple Moment Experiment

    Uploaded by

    Izzat Ikram
    412 views4 pages
    The document describes an experiment to demonstrate equilibrium of moments using a simple beam apparatus. The objectives are to show moment equilibrium conditions using forces applied at different distances from the beam's axis. Key steps are to draw free body diagrams, calculate clockwise and counter-clockwise moments, and ensure they are equal for equilibrium. Sources of error and applications of the concept are also discussed.

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    Simple Moment Experiment

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    The document describes an experiment to demonstrate equilibrium of moments using a simple beam apparatus. The objectives are to show moment equilibrium conditions using forces applied at different distances from the beam's axis. Key steps are to draw free body diagrams, calculate clockwise and counter-clockwise moments, and ensure they are equal for equilibrium. Sources of error and applications of the concept are also discussed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    412 views4 pages

    Simple Moment Experiment

    Uploaded by

    Izzat Ikram
    The document describes an experiment to demonstrate equilibrium of moments using a simple beam apparatus. The objectives are to show moment equilibrium conditions using forces applied at different distances from the beam's axis. Key steps are to draw free body diagrams, calculate clockwise and counter-clockwise moments, and ensure they are equal for equilibrium. Sources of error and applications of the concept are also discussed.

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    UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR

    MALAYSIA FRANCE INSTITUTE


    MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SECTION

    Laboratory Experiment Sheet


    ENGINEERING MECHANICS 1

    SIMPLE MOMENT EXPERIMENT

    OBJECTIVE

    The objectives of the experiments are to demonstrate the equilibrium of moments.

    THEORY

    In order for a rigid body to remain in equilibrium, first conditions of equilibrium are state
    that the horizontal and vertical components of all forces acting on a body must add up to zero. The
    moment of a force or torque is a measure of the force’s tendency to cause rotation. It is defined as
    a product of the magnitude of the force and the perpendicular distance from the axis of rotational
    to the line of action of the force.

    Force acting on beam can provide the effect of turning about an axis if it does not intersect
    or is parallel to the axis. Consider the force in figure 1, which acts on a cantilevered beam and is
    located a distance d from the vertical axis of a pipe.

    Figure 1: Force acting on the beam


    Three perpendicular force components are F1, F2 and F3. It is seen that only F1 tends to
    rotate the cantilevered beam and pipe about the axis F2 and F3 do not cause the cantilevered beam
    to turn about this axis since F2 intersects the axis and F3 is parallel to it. The rotational effect of F1
    is called the moment of force, MO. MO = F1 × d where d is referred to as the moment arm or
    perpendicular distance from the axis at point o to the line of action of the force. Units of moment
    magnitude consist of force times distance, N.m or kg.m.

    The direction of MO consists of three dimensions which can be signified using the “right
    hand rule”. The fingers of the right hand are curled such that they follow rotation as caused by the
    force acting about the axis. The thumb then points in the direction of moment vector along the
    moment axis. A two dimensional view is given in figure 2.

    Figure 2: Definition of torque and moment.

    When determining the moment of a force about a point, it is often convenient to use the
    Varignon’s theorem since it was originally developed by French mathematician Varignon, and it
    is also known as the principle of moments. This theorem states the moment of a force about a point
    is equal to the sum of all moments of the force’s components about the point.

    If the sum of all forces and all moments taken about point 0 are zero, the body is said to be
    in statical equilibrium, since physically this situation maintains a balance of both force and moment.
    Three scalar equations that express this condition are:

    Σ Fx = 0
    Σ Fy = 0
    Σ MO = 0

    Here ΣFx and ΣFy represent the algebraic sums of the x and y components of all the forces
    acting on the body, and ΣMO represents the algebraic sum of the moments of all these force
    components about an axis perpendicular to the x-y plane and passing through point o. simple
    moment apparatus are demonstrate clockwise and counter clockwise moments of all forces acting
    on the simple beam in equilibrium as shown in figure below. By convention, counterclockwise
    moments are assigned a positive sign, while clockwise moments are given a negative sign.
    Figure 3: Beam in equilibrium

    Figure 3 shows the beam stays in equilibrium. Free body diagram of all forces acting the
    beam is shown in figure 4.

    Figure 4: Free body diagram for simple moment apparatus.


    Total force; Σ Fy = 0
    RO – W1 – W2 – W3 – W4 = 0
    Total moment; Σ Mo = 0
    W1d1 + W2d2 – W3d3 – W4d4 = 0
    W4d4 + W3d3 = W1d1 + W2d2
    Σ MO clockwise = Σ MO counter clockwise

    Analysis and discussion

    1. Calculate the counter-clockwise and clockwise moment for this experiment.


    2. Compare both values, discuss your answer and plot force versus distance graph (theoretical
    and experimental).
    3. Discuss 2 possible source of errors (other than parallax error) and how it’s can effect the result
    4. Name some application by using this mechanism and explain it.
    Endorsed by :

    Technical Unit Leader HOS/ PC


    Sign & Stamp Sign & Stamp

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