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    Types of Sounds.

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    Sherry Sher
    The document introduces the topic of water treatment. It states that water is essential for human survival and all humans consume water daily. The quality of water is determined by physical, chemical, and biological parameters and depends on the source of pollution. Common sources of drinking water include lakes, reservoirs, canals, groundwater, seawater, rainwater, and atmospheric water generation. General water treatment consists of several stages to remove or reduce suspended, dissolved solids, and microbes and includes processes like flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, ion exchange, carbon adsorption, and disinfection. However, current treatment processes have limitations such as high costs, inability to remove some pollutants, operational problems, and generating toxic by

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    Types of Sounds.

    Uploaded by

    Sherry Sher
    10 views2 pages
    The document introduces the topic of water treatment. It states that water is essential for human survival and all humans consume water daily. The quality of water is determined by physical, chemical, and biological parameters and depends on the source of pollution. Common sources of drinking water include lakes, reservoirs, canals, groundwater, seawater, rainwater, and atmospheric water generation. General water treatment consists of several stages to remove or reduce suspended, dissolved solids, and microbes and includes processes like flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, ion exchange, carbon adsorption, and disinfection. However, current treatment processes have limitations such as high costs, inability to remove some pollutants, operational problems, and generating toxic by

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    The document introduces the topic of water treatment. It states that water is essential for human survival and all humans consume water daily. The quality of water is determined by physical, chemical, and biological parameters and depends on the source of pollution. Common sources of drinking water include lakes, reservoirs, canals, groundwater, seawater, rainwater, and atmospheric water generation. General water treatment consists of several stages to remove or reduce suspended, dissolved solids, and microbes and includes processes like flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, ion exchange, carbon adsorption, and disinfection. However, current treatment processes have limitations such as high costs, inability to remove some pollutants, operational problems, and generating toxic by

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    10 views2 pages

    Types of Sounds.

    Uploaded by

    Sherry Sher
    The document introduces the topic of water treatment. It states that water is essential for human survival and all humans consume water daily. The quality of water is determined by physical, chemical, and biological parameters and depends on the source of pollution. Common sources of drinking water include lakes, reservoirs, canals, groundwater, seawater, rainwater, and atmospheric water generation. General water treatment consists of several stages to remove or reduce suspended, dissolved solids, and microbes and includes processes like flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, ion exchange, carbon adsorption, and disinfection. However, current treatment processes have limitations such as high costs, inability to remove some pollutants, operational problems, and generating toxic by

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    CHAPTER -1

    INTRODUCTION

    1.1.GENERAL:

    It is clear that water is one of the essential substances for living system and it is
    necessary for human survival on the earth (Tansel, 2008; Ambashta and Sillanpaa,
    2010). All humans daily consume water to sustain life and maintain a good health,
    therefore water conservation is important and its quality must meet specific
    standards.The quality of water is determined by many factors such as physical,
    chemical or biological parameters. The main sources of drinking water are lakes,
    reservoirs, canal, ground water, sea water, rain water, atmospheric water
    generation and fog collection that depending on the source of pollutant, their
    pollution could be different(Ferguson et al., 2009; Huang et al., 2008; Zhang et al.,
    2009; Ackah et al., 2011; Sayyed and Wagh, 2011;Tiwari, 2011; Zhang et al.,
    2011). All water in earth is not good for drinking purpose and must use of
    sometreatment process to achieve the standard quality for therefore we are facing a
    challenge to produce suitable drinking water. General treatment of drinking water
    is consisting of several stage to remove or reduction of suspended, dissolved solid
    and microbial pollutants.
    Main process of water treatment include flocculation, sedimentation and media
    filtration to remove colloidal and suspended solids, ion exchange, carbon
    adsorption and membrane processes to remove dissolved solids; and at last stage a
    disinfection for microbial inactivation that often performed by chlorination,
    ozonation and ultraviolet radiation(UV) (Tansel, 2008). Any process of drinking
    water has some purification limitation and application problems such as high cost,
    ineffective for removal some pollutant, operationproblems and generate toxic
    secondary pollutants (Gaya and Abdullah, 2008). For example, common problem
    in membrane filtration is fouling and in disinfection with chlorine product DBPs
    (disinfection by products) is aserious problem (Liu et al, 2005). Many
    investigations have been performing to eliminate this limitation byapplication
    ofinnovates technique such as semiconductor catalysts, forward osmoses, advances
    oxidation process and magnetic purification (Chong et al., 2010; Ambashta and
    Sillanpaa, 2010). One of the innovate technologies that was used for improvement
    of water treatment process is application of ultrasound (US) waves having a
    frequency of 20,000 Hz or above that is called “sonication”.
    Fig.i. Types of sounds.

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