Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 124 views

    War at Sea Jutland

    Uploaded by

    Anonymous m3U97z
    The document contains 5 sources that provide different interpretations of the Battle of Jutland in 1916. Source A is an official German statement that views it as a victory, while Source B is an American historian who sees it as a disastrous victory for Britain. Source C shows British newspaper headlines highlighting both losses and sunk German ships. Source D from a historian says Jellicoe was not defeated but the German fleet never emerged again. Source E from an American newspaper says the German fleet is still in jail under the British blockade. The sources would likely differ in their interpretations due to their nationality and time period, with the most convincing being Sources D and E that see the long-term strategic impact as maintaining British naval dominance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    War at Sea Jutland

    Uploaded by

    Anonymous m3U97z
    124 views24 pages
    The document contains 5 sources that provide different interpretations of the Battle of Jutland in 1916. Source A is an official German statement that views it as a victory, while Source B is an American historian who sees it as a disastrous victory for Britain. Source C shows British newspaper headlines highlighting both losses and sunk German ships. Source D from a historian says Jellicoe was not defeated but the German fleet never emerged again. Source E from an American newspaper says the German fleet is still in jail under the British blockade. The sources would likely differ in their interpretations due to their nationality and time period, with the most convincing being Sources D and E that see the long-term strategic impact as maintaining British naval dominance.

    Original Description:

    War at Sea Jutland

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document contains 5 sources that provide different interpretations of the Battle of Jutland in 1916. Source A is an official German statement that views it as a victory, while Source B is an American historian who sees it as a disastrous victory for Britain. Source C shows British newspaper headlines highlighting both losses and sunk German ships. Source D from a historian says Jellicoe was not defeated but the German fleet never emerged again. Source E from an American newspaper says the German fleet is still in jail under the British blockade. The sources would likely differ in their interpretations due to their nationality and time period, with the most convincing being Sources D and E that see the long-term strategic impact as maintaining British naval dominance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    124 views24 pages

    War at Sea Jutland

    Uploaded by

    Anonymous m3U97z
    The document contains 5 sources that provide different interpretations of the Battle of Jutland in 1916. Source A is an official German statement that views it as a victory, while Source B is an American historian who sees it as a disastrous victory for Britain. Source C shows British newspaper headlines highlighting both losses and sunk German ships. Source D from a historian says Jellicoe was not defeated but the German fleet never emerged again. Source E from an American newspaper says the German fleet is still in jail under the British blockade. The sources would likely differ in their interpretations due to their nationality and time period, with the most convincing being Sources D and E that see the long-term strategic impact as maintaining British naval dominance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 24
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The document discusses different interpretations of the Battle of the Somme from two historians and provides first-hand accounts of soldiers who fought in the battle.

    Interpretation A focuses more on the initial failures and high casualties of the British offensive on July 1st, 1916, while Interpretation B emphasizes the long-term strategic impact of the battle and sees it as a turning point in the war.

    The interpretations were likely written at different times and from different perspectives. Interpretation A was closer to the actual events while Interpretation B had the benefit of hindsight and could see the long-term consequences. Personal biases and the information available to each author also contributed to the differing views.

    Interpretations

    • How does Interpretation A differ from


    Interpretation B in their account about
    the Battle of the Somme?
    • Why might the two interpretations
    differ about the Battle of the Somme?
    • Which interpretation do you find the
    most convincing and why?
    Battle of the Somme
    Source Analysis

    Our artillery hadn’t made any impact on those barbed-wire


    entanglements.   The result was we never got anywhere near the
    Germans.   Our lads were mown down.   They were just simply
    slaughtered.   You were either tied down by the shelling or the
    machine-guns and yet we kept at it, making no impact on the
    Germans at all.   And those young officers, going ahead, they
    were picked off like flies.   We tried to go over and it was just
    impossible.   We were mown down.

    Memories of Corporal WH Shaw, Royal Welsh Fusiliers


    Battle of the Somme
    Source Analysis

    John Terraine, The Smoke and the Fire: Myths and Anti-Myths of War
    1861-1945, Sidgwick & Jackson, 1980

    'By the end of July, responding to every British or French advance or


    attempt to advance, the German soldiers had made not less than sixty-
    seven counter-attacks, large or small, that I can identify. Probably they
    had made a great many more, now lost over time- possibly twice as
    many. This was the make up of the battle: attack, counter-attack;
    attack again, counter-attack again…
    That is why it is so utterly dreadful to dwell constantly on the freak of
    1 July, and to associate the whole battle with the image of that day…
    The Somme was the turning point. The first dim indication of the still
    far-distant victories of 1918.'
    Success criteria
    Wow factor! Explains the viewpoint of both interpretations using
    the Content, Nature, Origin and Purpose of the
    author and links it to the time it was written.
    Makes a judgement about which is the most
    convincing.

    Amazing Explains the viewpoint of both interpretations using


    the Content, Nature, Origin and Purpose.

    Great Explain why the author of the viewpoint has that


    interpretation.

    Good Describe the message of an interpretation. What is the


    interpretation saying?
    Key question: Was the Battle of the Somme a
    success or failure?’

    Explain why
    there are
    Identify three Describe the
    different
    key facts different
    interpretation
    about the interpretations
    battle. s of the
    about the battle and
    battle.. evaluate
    reasons for
    the different
    accounts.
    Starter – What do you think happened to this boy in
    WW1?

    The epitaph to Jack


    Cornwell on his grave
    monument reads,

    "It is not wealth or


    ancestry
    but honourable conduct
    and a noble disposition
    that maketh men great."

    John Travers Cornwell V.C.


    This Photo was taken in 1916 shortly before the Battle of
    Jutland where Jack Cornwell was mortally wounded on May
    31, 1916.
    War at Sea
    • Learning objectives
    • To describe the events at the Battle of
    Jutland.
    • To explain the importance of the Battle of
    Jutland.
    • To interpret the sources on the Battle.
    John Travers Cornwell V.C.
    Cornwell's gun on display at the Imperial War Museum.
    War At Sea
    Blockading Germany and supply lines to
    Britain.
    The U-boat campaign: restricted
    submarine warfare

    • Germany made very effective use of its small U-


    boat fleet (only 23 at the start of the war).
    • At first, the Germans stuck to the rules of war by
    sinking only merchant ships belonging to Britain
    and her allies.
    • This resulted in a small number of sinkings: only
    ten by Feb. 1915.
    • After Feb. 1915 the Kaiser ordered a change of
    tactic.
    The Battle of Jutland, May 1916

    • This was the biggest sea battle of


    the war, fought between the
    British fleet of Admiral Jellicoe and
    the German fleet of Admiral von
    Scheer.
    • Von Scheer decided to take his
    fleet out to sea to break the Royal
    Navy blockade of Germany which
    was causing such hardship
    among German civilians.
    • The British were waiting for him,
    as they had cracked the German
    code and knew his plan.
    The Battle: a German victory?

    • Unfortunately for Jellicoe, the battle went Germany’s


    way. Three British battle cruisers were blown apart
    when their magazines were exploded by German
    shells (see next slide)
    • German gunfire was both more accurate and more
    damaging because of a design fault in the British
    ships.
    • The British losses were 14 ships and 6000 sailors;
    the Germans 11 ships and 2500 sailors.
    • However, the Germans had a much smaller fleet
    and could not afford these losses, so Scheer broke
    away from the battle and returned back to port.
    Who did win the battle?
    • In the short term – it was German victory: they sank
    more ships and killed more British sailors.
    • But, in the long term, it proved to be a British victory
    because the German fleet never came out to sea
    again. It spent the rest of the war bottled up in its
    ports at Kiel and Wilhelmshaven.
    • This left control of the seas to the Royal Navy and the
    British blockade remained in force.
    • The effect of the blockade was devastating on civilian
    morale (and so on the morale of the troops, as well):
    750,000 German civilians died during the war as a
    result of the poor diet forced on the by the blockade.
    • It could be argued that the blockade (and therefore
    Jutland) was the real winner of the war for Britain.
    Create a storyboard to show the
    events of the Battle of Jutland.
    • Explain why the battle was significant.
    The results of the ‘U’ Boat Campaign
    Sinking of passenger Q ships – warships
    ship Lusitania (1198 disguised as merchant
    people killed) in 1915 ships to attack Convoy system
    caused outrage in UK submarines. introduced by
    and USA. Lloyd George in
    May 1917.
    Huge minefields laid in Merchant ships
    the English Channel. sailed in large
    numbers, guarded
    Millions of tons of by war ships.
    shipping lost. 500,000
    Depth Charges
    tons in April 1917
    Developed to attack
    Alone.
    U-boats
    Britain had 6
    weeks supply of
    wheat left in USA joined war
    1917. in April 1917.
    THE WAR AT SEA - JUTLAND

    Source A – Official German statement, June 1916

    The Kaiser addresses the crews of the High Seas Fleet. The British
    Which
    fleet was beaten. The first great ha mmer blow was struck, and the
    ha lo of British world suprema cy disappeared.
    interpretation do
    you find the most
    Source B – American historian, 1964 convincing and
    Jutland gave no cheer to England. If not a defeat, it was a disastrous
    victory. The German High Seas Fleet had struck down 117,025 tons of
    British warships. The Grand Fleet had sunk about 61,180 tons of
    why?
    German na va l power. Germa n armour had stood up better: German
    gunnery had shown itse lf more accurate.

    Source C – British newspaper headlines about Jutland


    FACTS OF THE SEA BATTLE

    ADMIRAL BEATTY FIGHTS THE WHOLE GERMAN FLEET

    COMPENSATION FOR OUR HEAVY LOSS:


    ADMIRALTY COUNTS 18 GERMAN SHIPS SUNK AGAINST OUR 14

    Source D – An historian
    The Kaiser insisted on regarding the battle as a victory. He was quite
    wrong. Jellicoe had not won a great victory but he had not suffered a
    defeat. He rema ined ready to proceed at sea at four hours notice. The
    Ka iser was warned that the High Seas Fleet needed a month to ma ke
    good the damage it had suffered. The German Fleet never e merged
    from port aga in.

    Source E – American newspaper


    The German High f leet has assa ulted its ja ilor; but it is still in ja il.
    Success criteria
    Wow factor! Explains the viewpoint of both interpretations using
    the Content, Nature, Origin and Purpose of the author
    and links it to the time it was written. Makes a
    judgement about which is the most convincing.

    Amazing Explains the viewpoint of both interpretations using the


    Content, Nature, Origin and Purpose.

    Great Explain why the author of the viewpoint has that


    interpretation.

    Good Describe the message of an interpretation. What is the


    interpretation saying?
    Complete some research on the
    sinking of the Lusitania.
    • Answer the 5w questions.
    • Why were the Americans so concerned
    about the sinking of the Lusitania?
    How do the two interpretations differ?
    Why do you think there is a difference?

    Interpretation A
    A report in a German Interpretation B - A British artist’s
    newspaper. impression of the sinking of the
    Lusitania. (Norman Wilkinson)
    ‘ The sinking of the giant
    English steamship has
    been a success. With
    joyful pride we
    contemplate this latest
    deed of this navy. It will
    not be the last.
    Success criteria
    Wow factor! Explains the viewpoint of both interpretations using
    the Content, Nature, Origin and Purpose of the author
    and links it to the time it was written. Makes a
    judgement about which is the most convincing.

    Amazing Explains the viewpoint of both interpretations using the


    Content, Nature, Origin and Purpose.

    Great Explain why the author of the viewpoint has that


    interpretation.

    Good Describe the message of an interpretation. What is the


    interpretation saying?

    You might also like