CitiES

COMMUniCAtiOn

1. Which of these things are the same in all

countries? Which of them are sometimes
different?
a. gestures
b. smile
c. eye contact
d. greetings

2. Have you met someone from another

country? What did you talk about?

Unit GOALS
Communicate with people from different
cultures
Make small talk with new people
Use small talk to break the ice
Learn how professionals break the ice

14

6632-SE_WE-B2_U2_pp014-025.indd 14 1/23/09 2:23:07 PM

 Unit 32

15

6632-SE_WE-B2_U2_pp014-025.indd 15 1/23/09 2:23:13 PM

 A GOAL 1 COMMUNICATE WITH PEOPLE FROM DIFFERENT CULTURES

Vocabulary
A. Read the article.

Every culture around the world has different customs and ways of
communicating.

When you learn to communicate in a language, you learn a lot of rules. You learn
what kind of greetings to use in different situations. For example, in English, we
say “Hi!” in an informal situation. In a more formal situation, we shake hands and
say “How do you do?” In China, a traditional greeting is “Have you eaten today?”
After that, there are rules for making small talk when you meet a new person.

People in different cultures also have different ways of using their bodies
to communicate. But there’s one kind of communication that’s the same
everywhere. A smile can always connect people.

B. Write the words in blue next to the correct meanings.

1. the correct way to do something 5. activities that are usual in a
__________________________ country ___________________
2. bring together _____________ 6. the same for a long time without
3. very serious and important changing __________________
__________________________ 7. conversation about things that
4. people with the same language aren’t important ____________
and way of living ____________ 8. friendly and relaxed _________
__________________________

Word Focus

follow + a rule = Grammar: Present perfect tense

do something the
correct way Present perfect tense
make + small Subject + has/have + (not) + past participle
talk = talk about He has traveled to many countries. He has not been in Korea before.
things that aren’t
important We use the present perfect tense:
*to talk about something that started in the past and continues now.
*to talk about something that happened several times in the past.
*to talk about something in the past that is connected with the present.

16 Communication

6632-SE_WE-B2_U2_pp014-025.indd 16 1/21/09 4:37:02 PM

 A. Complete the sentences. Use the present perfect form of the verb in parentheses.
1. I _____________ (meet) many Canadians, but I _____________ (be, not)
in Canada.
2. My husband and I _____________ (be) married for six years.
3. Mari isn’t in the office this week. She _____________ (go) on vacation.
4. Jason doesn’t want to watch videos. He _____________ (watch) videos
every night this week.
5. Tomorrow is my friend’s birthday, but I _____________ (buy, not) her a
present. I forgot!
6. I _____________ (finish) all my homework. Now I can go out.

B. Finish writing the following questions. Then ask a partner

to answer them. Write some questions of your own.

Have you ever eaten Have you ever . . .

No, never.
Indian food? 1. eaten _________ food?
Yes, once/many times.
It’s really good! 2. seen a movie from
____________ (country)? Real Language
3. gone to _________ ?
4. played __________ ? We use Guess what in
5. talked to _________ ? informal conversations
to say that we have
Conversation interesting news.
A. Close your book and listen to the conversation. Why is the woman
worried?
Track 1-6
Annie: Guess what? I’m going to spend a month in Mexico City.
Rick: That’s great! What are you going to do there?
Annie: I’m going to work in my company’s office there. I’m a little
worried, though. I’ve never been to Mexico before.
Rick: But you’ve met lots of people from Mexico, and you’ve
taken Spanish lessons.
Annie: That’s true. And I guess I’ve learned something about
Mexican customs.
Rick: It sounds to me like you’re ready to go.

B. Practice the conversation with a partner.

aerial view of Mexico City

Goal 1 Communicate with people from different cultures

Take turns pretending to be a foreigner coming to your country for a month. Talk to your
partner about some customs that might surprise you and some things that you have
done to prepare for the trip.

Lesson A 17

6632-SE_WE-B2_U2_pp014-025.indd 17 1/21/09 4:37:03 PM

 B GOAL 2 MAKE SMALL TALK WITH NEW PEOPLE

Listening
A. These people are meeting for the first time. Listen to their
conversations. Where are the people?
Track 1-7

Conversation 1 The speakers are in ___.

a. a hospital b. a school c. an airport

Conversation 2 These people are in ___.

a. a restaurant b. an apartment c. an office building

B. Listen again. What do the people make small talk about?

Track 1-7
Conversation 1 They make small talk about ___.
a. classes b. weather c. clothes

Conversation 2 They make small talk about ___.

a. sports b. TV shows c. the neighborhood

C. What will they talk about next? Think of two more ideas for each conversation.

Pronunciation: Have or has vs. contractions

In statements with the present perfect verb tense, have and has are sometimes
pronounced, but when people speak quickly, contractions are used.

A. Listen and repeat.

Track 1-8 Have or has Contraction
I have I’ve
you have you’ve
we have we’ve
they have they’ve
she has she’s
he has he’s
it has it’s

B. Listen and circle the sentence you hear.

Track 1-9 1. a. I have never gone skiing. b. I’ve never gone skiing.
2. a. He has been to Colombia three times. b. He’s been to Colombia three times.
3. a. Linda has taken a scuba diving class. b. Linda’s taken a scuba diving class.
4. a. They have already eaten breakfast. b. They’ve already eaten breakfast.
5. a. We have had three tests this week. b. We’ve had three tests this week.
6. a. Michael has found a new job. b. Michael’s found a new job.
18 Communication

6632-SE_WE-B2_U2_pp014-025.indd 18 1/21/09 4:37:06 PM

 Communication
A. Read the information.
English-speakers often make small talk when
they meet someone new. They ask questions to
get to know the other person. At school, people
often talk about their classes. At work, people
talk about their jobs. They don’t talk about very
personal subjects. For example, “Which department do you work in?“ is a good
question, but “How much money do you make?“ is too personal.

B. Circle the topics that are good for small talk when you meet someone for the first
time. Then add two more ideas.
school money family work sports religion
__________ __________

C. Read the situations. Choose a question to ask for each situation. Then practice
conversations with a partner.

Situation 1 At work, Min-Hee talks to Judy. It’s Judy’s first day at her job.
a. How old are you? b. Are you new in this city?

Situation 2 Andrei is from Russia. He talks to Eduardo at the International

Students’ Club. It’s Eduardo’s first meeting.
a. Where are you from? b. Do you like sports?

Situation 3 Mark lives in apartment 104. He meets Lisa, his new neighbor, in the
apartment building.
a. Which apartment do you live in? b. Are you married?

D. Which are good questions to ask when you meet someone new? Circle the letters.
a. Which classes are you taking now?
b. Who is your teacher?
c. What was your score on the placement test?
d. Have you studied at this school before?
e. When did you start working here?
f. How much did you pay for that car?
g. Have you lived here for a long time?
h. How much money do you earn here?

Goal 2 Make small talk with new people

Pretend you are meeting your classroom partner for the first time (on the first day
of class, waiting for the bus, or in another situation). Talk for two minutes.

Lesson B 19

6632-SE_WE-B2_U2_pp014-025.indd 19 1/21/09 4:37:07 PM

 C GOAL 3 USE SMALL TALK TO BREAK THE ICE

Real Language Language Expansion: Starting a conversation

When we break the A. Read the questions in the box. Think of different ways to answer them.
ice, we start a
Starting a conversation
conversation. This How do you like this weather?
helps people Where do you know Mary from? (at a party)
overcome any Are you enjoying yourself? (at a party)
shyness or Has it been a long week? (at work or school)
embarrassment Did you hear about __________? (something that happened in the news)
How long have you been waiting? (for the elevator, the bus, the meeting to begin, etc.)
they might feel
with new people.
B. Choose one of the situations. Start a conversation with a partner. Try to make small talk for as
long as you can. Then change partners and practice again with another situation.

Engage! waiting in line in the office cafeteria walking in the park

at a welcome party for new students at the airport
Are you shy or
outgoing when
you meet new Grammar: Signal words: Already, ever, yet
people? Do you like
to make small talk? Already/ever/yet + the present perfect tense
already Has Roberta already left? question
We have already studied this. affirmative statement
*We use already to talk about something that happened in the past. It is used for emphasis in questions
and affirmative statements.
ever/never Have you ever seen a giraffe? questions
never/not ever We have never played tennis in the rain. negative statements
We haven’t ever gone to Canada.
yet/not yet Have you done the dishes yet? questions
Melanie hasn’t eaten lunch yet. negative statements
*We use ever/never (not ever) in questions or negative statements to talk about something that has or hasn’t happened
at any time before now.
*We use yet/not yet in questions or negative statements for emphasis.

20 Communication

6632-SE_WE-B2_U2_pp014-025.indd 20 1/21/09 4:37:09 PM

 A. Read the page from Marcy’s journal. What things has Things I Wa
nt to Do in
she already done in her life? Complete the sentences. learn to sp
My Life
eak English
1. She has already ______________________________ . learn to spea
k Chinese
2. She has already ______________________________ . visit my cous
ins in Colombi
a
eat traditional
3. She has already ______________________________ . food from Ja
pan
learn to be m
4. She has already ______________________________ . ore polite when
I say “no” to
go swimming people
in the ocean
B. Read the conversation Marcy has with a classmate. Fill in the blanks. learn the rules
for Australian
rugby
John: Have you ever traveled to another country? play Australia
n rugby
Marcy: No, I have _____ left this country, but I want to go to take a scuba
diving class
Colombia some day.
John: Have _____ ever learned to speak a new language?
Marcy: I think I have _____ to speak English pretty well.
John: _____ you ever eaten any unusual food?
Marcy: Yes! I have _____ Japanese miso soup and udon noodles.
John: What about sports? Can you play any sports?
Marcy: Well, I learned the rules for Australian rugby last year, but I _____
never played the game.

C. Take turns. Ask a partner questions about the people below with have/has
Has Mrs. Cooper ever
and ever. Answer using no, never, and contractions. taken a cooking class?
Mrs. Cooper I Mr. Muramoto
No, she’s never taken
Tom and Rita you and I your friends a cooking class.
you our English teacher Ms. Sanchez

Conversation
A. Close your book and listen to the conversation. What do the
speakers decide to do about the homework?
Track 1-10
Tom: Excuse me. Are you in my history class?
Rita: Yes! I saw you in class yesterday. I’m Rita.
Tom: Hi, Rita. I’m Tom. Is this your first class with Mr. Olsen?
Rita: Yes, it is, but I’ve heard good things about him. What about you?
Tom: I’ve taken his classes before, and they’ve always been good.
Rita: That’s nice. Have you already done the homework for tomorrow?
Tom: No, not yet. What about you?
Rita: Not yet. Maybe we can call each other if we have any problems with it.
Tom: That’s a great idea! I’ll give you my number.
Have you ever taken
B. Practice the conversation. Then practice the conversation with subjects you a class with Ms. Lee
are studying and teachers from your school. before?
Yes, I took an art
class with her.
Goal 3 Use small talk to break the ice
Move around the class. Walk up to five classmates and ask them an icebreaker question.

Lesson C 21

6632-SE_WE-B2_U2_pp014-025.indd 21 1/21/09 4:37:10 PM

 D GOAL 4 LEARN HOW PROFESSIONALS BREAK THE ICE

Reading
Around the World
A. Discuss these questions with a partner.
1. Have you ever taken a picture of
people you didn’t know? How did you
do it?
Taking Pictures
2. What kinds of photographs do you
like? What makes those photographs
good? of the World
B. Circle T for true or F for false. Then correct
the false sentences.
1. Belt has never traveled
to England. T F
2. Belt has never traveled
to Antarctica. T F
3. Petra is a very old city
in Jordan. T F
4. Belt can only connect
with English-speakers. T F
5. People can connect with
each other in bad weather. T F
6. Volunteering is one way to Annie Griffiths Belt
begin a photography career. T F
Meet Annie Griffiths Belt, a National Geographic
C. Tell a partner about some places you photographer. Belt has worked for National Geographic since
have traveled. Then talk about some 1978, and has taken pictures on almost every continent in the
places you haven’t visited yet, but that world. In fact, Antarctica is the only continent Belt hasn’t seen yet.
you want to visit. Belt’s photographs are well known for their beauty and
high quality. They also reflect very different cultures and
regions of the world. Belt has photographed the ancient city
of Petra, Jordan, as well as the green landscapes of the Lake
District in England. Recently, her pictures appeared in a book
about undeveloped natural places in North America.
Everywhere that Belt goes, she takes pictures of people.
Belt has found ways to connect with people of all ages and
nationalities even when she does not speak their language.
“The greatest privilege of my job is being allowed into people’s
lives,” she has said. “The camera is like a passport, and I am
often overwhelmed by how quickly people welcome me.”
Knowing how to break the ice has helped to make Belt a
successful photographer, but experts say that anyone can learn

22 Communication

6632-SE_WE-B2_U2_pp014-025.indd 22 1/21/09 4:37:11 PM

 to connect with new people. When people speak the same
Writing
language, greetings and small talk can make strangers feel A. Complete the sentences with your own
more comfortable with each other. When people don’t speak ideas.
the same language, a smile is very helpful. Having something 1. Annie Griffiths Belt’s work is interesting
in common can also help break the ice. For example, Belt has because ________________________.
traveled with her two children, so when she takes pictures of 2. For me, traveling is ________ because
children or their parents, they all have that family connection _______________________________.
in common. Even bad weather can help people to connect
3. For me, connecting with new people
when they are experiencing it together.
is ____________ because _________.
Belt has some advice if you are thinking about a career
4. Belt takes good “people pictures”
in photography. You can volunteer to take pictures for a
because ________________________.
local organization that can’t afford to hire a professional
photographer. You can also take a good, honest look at your 5. My own photographs are usually ____
best photographs. If you’re a real photographer, your photos _______________________________
are good because of your personal and technical skills. Belt _______________________________.
also recommends studying and learning from photos taken by 6. The next time I need to break the ice,
professional photographers. I will ___________________________
Remember, the next time you look at a beautiful _______________________________.
photograph, you might be looking at the work of Annie
Griffiths Belt. And the next time you meet a new person, don’t B. Share your sentences with a partner. Talk
be afraid to break the ice. The connection you make could be about your ideas.
very rewarding.

Portrait by
Annie Griffiths Belt

Goal 4 Learn how

professionals
break the ice
In what professions do people need
The ancient city of Petra in Jordan to break the ice quickly in order to do
taken by Annie Griffiths Belt their jobs? Talk with your partner about
different ways they can do this.

Lesson D 23

6632-SE_WE-B2_U2_pp014-025.indd 23 1/21/09 4:37:13 PM

 E VIDEO JOURNAL ORANGUTAN LANGUAGE

Before You Watch

Read about the video and check the meanings of the words in bold.

Orangutans are large, intelligent primates. At the National Zoo in Washington, D.C., Rob
Shumaker runs the Orangutan Language Project. Of course, orangutans aren’t able to speak like
humans. They can, however, learn to connect symbols to objects. In human language, words
are also symbols for the real objects they represent. Shumaker believes the language program is
mentally stimulating for the orangutans. The program is completely voluntary, so the animals
can choose to participate or not, and it’s part of a zoo exhibit called Think Tank, which helps to
educate people about the problems orangutans face in the wild.

While You Watch

A. Watch the video Orangutan Language. Circle each word when you first hear it.

exhibit symbols voluntary primates stimulating

24 Communication

6632-SE_WE-B2_U2_pp014-025.indd 24 1/21/09 4:37:16 PM

 B. Watch the video again and circle the correct answers.
1. In Malay, the word orangutan means “person of the (jungle/forest).”
2. The orangutans in the video are Inda and (Miki/Azie).
3. The orangutans work with symbols on (a computer/paper).
4. The orangutans are (brother and sister/mother and son).
5. Wild orangutans could become extinct in (10 to 12/8 to 10) years

C. Watch the video again and answer the questions.

1. Where do orangutans come from? _____________________________
_________________________________________________________
2. What choices does the zoo give the orangutans? _________________
_________________________________________________________
3. How old is Inda, the female orangutan? _________________________
4. Can the orangutans use symbols to make sentences? ______________
_________________________________________________________
5. What do zoo officials hope exhibits like Think Tank will do? __________
_________________________________________________________
Shumaker and Inda
perform certain exercises
on the computer.
After You Watch
Brainstorm several ways that animals communicate. Do you think animal
communication is very different from human communication?

Communication
Any writing system is a set of symbols. You have the opportunity to create
a new way to write English.
1. Think of 10 English words that are difficult to spell.
2. Make a word list with a better way to write the words.
3. Share your word list with the class. (Can your classmates guess all
the words?)

Video Journal 25

6632-SE_WE-B2_U2_pp014-025.indd 25 1/21/09 4:37:26 PM