CLE 1210 Session 3: Using Supporting Evidence

CLE 1210 Session 3
Using Supporting Evidence
Task 1
Study Text 3 and answer the following questions.
1. What is the name of the writer of this article?

First name: ___________________________ Last name: ___________________________
2. On which publication was this article published?

_____________________________________________________________________________
3. Was it a reliable academic source? Why/why not?

_____________________________________________________________________________
4. When was this article published?

_____________________________________________________________________________
5. What is the writer’s position on compulsory attendance?

_____________________________________________________________________________
6. What are his/her arguments for such position?

(a) __________________________________________________________________________
(b) __________________________________________________________________________
(c) __________________________________________________________________________
(d) __________________________________________________________________________
(e) __________________________________________________________________________
(f) __________________________________________________________________________
7. Imagine you were to write an essay to argue against attendance requirement at CLE courses.
Find some useful support from this article and highlight them in the text.
8. What are the three ways you can incorporate your selected support into your essay?
(a) ______________________________
(b) ______________________________
(c) ______________________________
Task 2
Study the following notes on APA citation format.
Citation has two equally important parts:
End-of-text
Citation In-text citation
References
 An abbreviated set of  A complete set of

information within the information at the end of
essay the essay
 Name of author(s)  Full publication
 Year of publication information about all
 Page number the sources
 Alphabetically arranged
Now, let’s take a look at how APA citation is properly used within an essay.
Here is the source excerpt: Here is the publication information:

“Globalization was predominantly driven
by the outward flow of culture and Name of Author Manfred Steger
economic activity from the United States
and was better understood as Globalization: A Very Short
Title of Book
Americanization or Westernization. For Introduction
example, the two most successful global Page Number of This
food and beverage outlets are American p.127
Excerpt
companies, McDonald’s and Starbucks.
With over 32,000 and 18,000 locations Year of Publication 2009
operating worldwide, respectively as of
2008, they are often cited as examples of
globalization.” Place of Publication New York
Name of Publisher Oxford University Press

Here is one of your body paragraphs: This is the last page of your essay:
End-of-text References
As Steger (2009) suggests, globalization is
essentially Americanization, as U.S. culture has
become a part of the daily lives of people in Steger, M. (2009). Globalization: A very
countries around the world. For example, short introduction. New York:
McDonald’s operates over 32,000 restaurants Oxford University Press.
worldwide, and Starbucks 18,000 coffee shops
(p.127).
Toku, M (1998). Why so Japanese children

…… draw in their own ways? Doctoral
dissertation. University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign.
Japanese children tend to continue to acquire Wilson, B. (1988). The artistic tower of
skills to express visual narratives through this Babel: In extricable links between
difficult period in the form of comics, or manga culture and graphic development. In
Hardman, G.W. and Zernich, T.
(Toku, 1998; Wilson, 1998).
(Ed.), Discerning art: Concepts and
issues. (pp. 488-506). Champaign, IL:
Stipes Publishing Company.
The list of references must be on a separate page at the end of the essay. It should also be double-
spaced and indented. The sources must be ordered alphabetically according to the first letter of the
first word in the author’s last name.
Below is a list of some common types of sources. Take note of the use of capital letters, initials,
parentheses (i.e. brackets), punctuation, italics, as well as the spacing before and after punctuation.
Type of Source End-of-Text References

1. Book With 1 author Bauman, Z. (1998). Globalization: The human consequences.
New York: Columbia University Press.
With 2 authors Hirst, P. & Thompson, G. (1990). Globalization in question.
Cambridge: Polity Press.
2. Chapter from an edited Robertson, R. (1995). Globalization: Time-space
book homogeneity heterogeneity. In M. Featherstone, S.
Lash & R. Robertson (Eds.), Global modernities (pp.28-
32). London: Sage Publications.
3. Journal In print Kwong, P. & Miscevic, D. (2002). Globalization and Hong
article Kong’s future. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 32(3),
323-337.
Online Mousseau, M. (2003). The nexus of market society, liberal
preferences, and democratic peace: Interdisciplinary
theory and evidence. International Studies Quarterly,
47, 483-510. doi:10.1046/j.0020-8833.2003.00276.x
[*If there is no DOI, replace it with a website.]
4. Magazine article Lin, J. (2009, July 11). Economic focus: Walk, don’t run. The
Economist, 76. Retrieved from
http://www.economist.com/
[*Omit “Retrieved from http://......” statement if it is not
retrieved online.]
5. Newspaper With author(s) Hughes, L. (2006, October 26). Blue-box blues. The Globe
article and Mail, p.A20.
[*Add “Retrieved from http://......” statement if it is retrieved
online.]
With no Immigrant population at record 40 million in 2010. New York
author Times. 6 October 2011.
6. Webpage With no date The importance of multilingualism. (n.d.). Retrieved from
and no author http://www.multilingualism.org
* For a detailed guide to APA style, please refer to the APA Handbook (http://www.apastyle.org/)
or the EDUHK Student Handbook
(http://www.ied.edu.hk/reg/student_handbook/chap_en14.html).
Task 3
Create a reference list with the following 5 sources.
Source 1 Source 2
Place of Publication: Upper Saddle River, N.J. Place of Publication: New York
Publisher: Pearson Prentice Hall Publisher: HarperCollins
Year of Publication: 2012 Year of Publication: 2004
Source 3
Source 4 Source 5
 Name of Author: Fredric Jameson

 Title of Article: Notes on
Globalization as a Philosophical Issue
 Year of Publication: 1998
 Title of Book: The Cultures of
Globalization
 Editors of Book: Fredric Jameson and
Masao Miyoshi
 Page Number: 54-77
 Place of Publication: Durham and
London
 Publisher: Duke University Press
References
Text 3
So That Nobody Has To Go To School If They Don’t Want To

by Roger Sipher
A decline in standardized test scores is but the most recent indicator that American education is
in trouble.
One reason for the crisis is that present mandatory-attendance laws force many to attend school
who have no wish to be there. Such children have little desire to learn and are so antagonistic to
school that neither they nor more highly motivated students receive the quality education that
is the birthright of every American.
The solution to this problem is simple: Abolish compulsory-attendance laws and allow only those
who are committed to getting an education to attend.
This will not end public education. Contrary to conventional belief, legislators enacted
compulsory-attendance laws to legalize what already existed. William Landes and Lewis
Solomon, economists, found little evidence that mandatory-attendance laws increased the
number of children in school. They found, too, that school systems have never effectively
enforced such laws, usually because of the expense involved.
There is no contradiction between the assertion that compulsory attendance has had little effect
on the number of children attending school and the argument that repeal would be a positive
step toward improving education. Most parents want a high school education for their children.
Unfortunately, compulsory attendance hampers the ability of public school officials to enforce
legitimate educational and disciplinary policies and thereby make the education a good one.
Private schools have no such problem. They can fail or dismiss students, knowing such students
can attend public school. Without compulsory attendance, public schools would be freer to oust
students whose academic or personal behavior undermines the educational mission of the
institution.
Has not the noble experiment of a formal education for everyone failed? While we pay homage
to the homily, "You can lead a horse to water but you can't make him drink," we have pretended
it is not true in education.
Ask high school teachers if recalcitrant students learn anything of value. Ask teachers if these
students do any homework. Quite the contrary, these students know they will be passed from
grade to grade until they are old enough to quit or until, as is more likely, they receive a high
school diploma. At the point when students could legally quit, most choose to remain since they
know they are likely to be allowed to graduate whether they do acceptable work or not.
Abolition of archaic attendance laws would produce enormous dividends.
First, it would alert everyone that school is a serious place where one goes to learn. Schools are
neither day-care centers nor indoor street corners. Young people who resist learning should stay
away; indeed, an end to compulsory schooling would require them to stay away.
Second, students opposed to learning would not be able to pollute the educational atmosphere
for those who want to learn. Teachers could stop policing recalcitrant students and start
educating.
Third, grades would show what they are supposed to: how well a student is learning. Parents
could again read report cards and know if their children were making progress.
Fourth, public esteem for schools would increase. People would stop regarding them as way
stations for adolescents and start thinking of them as institutions for educating America's youth.
Fifth, elementary schools would change because students would find out early they had better
learn something or risk flunking out later. Elementary teachers would no longer have to pass their
failures on to junior high and high school.
Sixth, the cost of enforcing compulsory education would be eliminated. Despite enforcement
efforts, nearly 15 percent of the school-age children in our largest cities are almost permanently
absent from school.
Communities could use these savings to support institutions to deal with young people not in
school. If, in the long run, these institutions prove more costly, at least we would not confuse
their mission with that of schools.
Schools should be for education. At present, they are only tangentially so. They have attempted
to serve an all-encompassing social function, trying to be all things to all people. In the process
they have failed miserably at what they were originally formed to accomplish.
Sipher, Roger (1997, December 19). So that nobody has to go to school if they
don’t want to. The New York Times, p.31.

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CLE 1210 Session 3

Using Supporting Evidence

1. What is the name of the writer of this article?

2. On which publication was this article published?

3. Was it a reliable academic source? Why/why not?

4. When was this article published?

5. What is the writer’s position on compulsory attendance?

6. What are his/her arguments for such position?

Citation has two equally important parts:

 An abbreviated set of  A complete set of

Here is the source excerpt: Here is the publication information:

Name of Publisher Oxford University Press

Toku, M (1998). Why so Japanese children

Type of Source End-of-Text References

 Name of Author: Fredric Jameson

So That Nobody Has To Go To School If They Don’t Want To

Abolition of archaic attendance laws would produce enormous dividends.

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