LIST OF FIGURES

SR FIGURE
FIGURE NAME TOTAL
NO. NO. FIG.
1 Portable drilling 1.1 1
machine
2 Sensitive drilling 1.2 1
machine
3 Upright drilling machine 1.3 1

4 Radial drilling machine 1.4 1

5 Gang drilling machine 1.5 1

Multiple spindle drilling 1.6
6 1
machine
7 Deephole drilling 1.7 1
machine
8 Drawings 3.1-3.7 7

9 Flowchart 4.1 1

10 Drillbit 5.1 1

11 Box 5.2.1 1

12 Connecting arms 5.2.2 1

12 Joints 5.3 1

13 Motor 5.4 1

14 360 degree drilling machine 6.1 1

 LIST OF TABLE
SR NO TABLE NAME TOTAL TABLE
1 SPECIFICATION OF DESIGN PART 1
2 ESTIMATING OF MACHINING 1
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1History of drilling machine

Drilling machine is one of the most important machine tools in a workshop. It
was designed to produce a cylindrical holeo frequired diameter and
depthonmetalwork-pieces. Though holes can be made by different machine tools
in a shop, drilling machine is designed specifically to perform the operation of
drilling and similar operations. Drilling can be done easily at a low cost in a short
erperiod of time in a drilling machine. Drilling can be called as the operation of
produc in gacylindrical holeo frequireddiamete randdepth by removing metal by
the rotating edges of a drill. The cutting tool known as drill is fitted in to the
spindle of the drilling machine. A mark of indentation is made at there quired
location with a centre punch. The rotating drill is pressed at the location and is
fedin to the work. The hole can be made up to a required depth.

1.2Construction of a drilling machine

The basic parts of a drilling machine are a base, column,drill head and
spindle.The base made of castiron may rest on a bench, pedestalor floor
depending upon the design. Larger and heavy duty machines are grounded on
the floor. The column is mounted vertically upon the base. It is accurately
machined and the table can be moved up and down on it. The drill spindle, an
electricmotor and the mechanism meant for driving the spindle at different
speeds are mounted on the top of the column. Power is transmitted from the
electricmotor to the spindle through a flat belt or a ‘V’belt.

1.3Types of drilling machines:

Drilling machines are manufactured in different types and sizes according to the
type of operation, amount of feed, depth of cut, spindle speeds, method of
spindle movement and the required accuracy. The different types of drilling
machines are:
1. Portable drilling machine/ Hand drilling machine

2. Sensitive drilling machine/ Bench drilling machine

3. Upright drilling machine

4. Radial drilling machine

 5. Gang drilling machine
6. Multiple spindle drilling machine

7.Deephole drilling machine

1.3.1Portable drilling machine:

Portable drilling machine can be carried and used anywhere in the workshop. It
is used for drilling holes on work-pieces in any position, which is not possible in
a standard drilling machine.The entire drilling mechanism is compact and small
in size and so can be carried anywhere. This type of machine is widely adapted
for automobile built-upwork. The motor is generally universal type. These
machines can accommodate drills from12 mm to18 mm diameter. Portable
drilling machines are operated at higher speeds

FIG1.1[Portable drilling machine]

1.3.2 Sensitive drilling machine:

It is designed for drilling small holes at high speeds in light jobs. High speed and
hand feed are necessary for drilling small holes. The base of the machine is
mounted either on a bench or on the floor by mean so bolts and nuts. It can
handle drills upto 15.5mm of diameter. The drillis fed into the work purely by
hand. The operator can sense the progress of the drill in to the work because of
hand feed. The machine is named so because of this reason. A sensitive drilling
machine consist sofa base, column, table, spindle, drill head and the driving
mechanism.
 Fig1.2 [ Sensitive drilling machine]

1.3.3 Upright drilling machine:

The upright drilling machine is designed for handling medium sized work-
pieces. Though it looks like a sensitive drilling machine, it is larger and heavier
than a sensitive drilling machine. Holes of diameter upto 50mm can be made
with this type of machine. Besides, it is supplied with power feed arrangement.
For drilling different types of work, the machine is provided with a number of
spindle speeds and feed.
 Fig1.3 [Upright drilling machine]

1.3.4 Radial drilling machine:

The radial drilling machine is intended for drilling on medium to large and heavy
work-pieces. It has a heavy round column mounted on a large base.The column
supports a radial arm, which can be raised or lowered to enable the table to
accommodate work-pieces of different heights. The arm, which has the drill head
on it, can be swung around to any position. The drill head can be made to slide
on the radi alarm. The machine is named so because of this reason. It consists of
parts like base, column, radi alarm, drill head and driving mechanism.
 Fig1.4[radial drilling machine]

1.3.5 Gang drilling machine:

Gang drilling machine has along commontable and a base. Four to six drill heads
are placed side by side. The drill heads have separated riving motors. This
machine is used for production work. As eries of operations like drilling,
reaming, counterboring and tapping may be performed on the work by simply
shifting the work from one position to the other on the worktable. Each spindle
is set with different tools for different operations.
 Fig1.5[Gangdrillingmachine]

1.3.6 Multiple spindle drilling machine:

This machine is used for drilling a number of holes in a work-pieces
imultaneously and for reproducing the same pattern of holes in a number of
identical pieces. A multiple spindle drilling machine also has several spindles. A
single motor using a set of gears drives all the spindles. All the spindles holding
the drills are fedin to the work at the same time. The distances between thes
pindles can be altered according to the locations where holes are to be drilled.
Drill jigs are used to guide the drills.

Fig1.6[Multiplespindledrillingmachine]
1.3.7 Deep hole drilling machine:
A special machine and drills are required to drill deeper holes in barrels of gun,
spindles and connecting rods. The machine designed for this purpose is known
as deep hole drilling machine. High cutting speeds and less feed are necessary to
drill deep holes. A non rotating drill is feds lowly into the rotating work at high
speeds. Coolant should be used while drilling in this machine. There are two
different types of deep hole drilling machines.

Fig1.7[Deep hole drilling machine]

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

The title development of 360-degree drilling machine requires an amount of

good understanding on the knowledge of the science. Therefore, executing a
research is necessary to obtain all the information available and related to the
topic. The information or literature reviews obtained are essentially valuable to
assist in the construction and specification of this final year project. With this
ground established, the project can proceed with guidance and assertivenes
in achieving the target mark.

1. Multispindle Drilling Head by Mr.K.I.Nargatti, Mr.S.V.Patil,

Mr.G.N.Rakate(2016):
In Order to model surface roughness, several methods had been used in previous
research. Mr.K.I.Nargatti, Mr.S.V.Patil, Mr.G.N.Rakate(2016) developed a
model in Multispindle Drilling Head with Varying Centre Distance. Multiple-
spindle drilling machines are used for mass production, agreattime saver where
many pieces of jobs having many holes are to be drilled. Multi-spindle head
machines are used in mechanical industry in order to increase the productivity of
machining systems. This machine has two spindles driven by a single motor and
all the spindles are fed into the work pieces simultaneously. Feeding motions are
obtained either by raising the work table or by lowering the drills head. As the
name indicates multiple spindle drilling machines have two spindles driven by a
single power head, and the set of two spindles holding the drill bits are fed into
the work pieces sim
ultaneously. Thes pindles are so constructed that their centre distance can be
adjusted in any position within the drill head depending on the job requirement.
The positions of those parallel shaft sholding the drills are adjusted depending
upon the locations of the holes to be made on the job. Base don the literature
review, the most parameters that widely considered when investigating the
operation of amachine are feedrate, spindle speed and depth of cut. Most of the
researches didn’t consider the uncontrolled parameters, such as tool geometry,
tool wear, chiploads, and chip formations, or the material properties of both tool
and work piece.
.

2.Garitaonandia,M.H.Fernandes,J.M.Hernandez-
Vazquez,J.A.Ealo, Prediction of dynamic behaviour for different
configuration sina drilling-milling machine based on
substructing analysis.
Dynamic models of machine tool structures are essential instruments to
evaluate structural performance in cutting operations. In order to fully exploit
these models, they must meet three critical requirements such as accuracy,
computational efficiency and multi-configuration
Machine behaviour predictability. These virtues are hard to combine in one
single model, as the improvement of one feature can easily in volveanegative
effect in the others. This paperdeals with this problem and presents a robust
procedure to develop reliable, efficient and versatile dynamic models. First, the
machine tool structure is split up in several components. For each component, a
finite element model is developed and the necessary corrections are made
comparing the numerical results to the experimental data obtained from a modal
analysis test. Once suitable numerical definitions of the components are
available, substructures are defined, considering some components individually
and grouping those with no relative movement. In this process, the connection
between components is accurately modeled, checking the resulting substructures
experimentally. Secondly, the order of the substructures is reduced using a
Component Mode Synthes is approach based on Craig–Bampton method.
Traditionally, when working with movable substructures, the order reduction
capability has been limited by the large amount of connection degrees of
freedom which must be kept in there duced representation to cover all possible
positions of substructures. This paper presents a procedure to solve this issue,
where these degrees of freedom are eliminated from the reduced model as the
substructures are assembled sequentially. Finally, inorder to evaluate there
liability of the resulting model, the dynamic characteristics of the structure in
various configurations are calculated and the results are compared with the
experimentally obtained natural frequencies, mode shapes and frequency
response functions for the same configurations. Results indicate that the
proposed method predicts correctly the position-dependent dynamic behaviour of
a machine, validating the developed procedure.
CHAPTER 3 MODELING
1.Baseplate

Fig3.1[baseplate]
Fig3.2[baseplate]
3.Joint:
4.Screw:

Fig3.4[screw]
5.Supportingframe:

Fig3.5[supportingframe]
6.Portable drilling machine:

Fig3.6[Portable drilling machine]

7.Assembly:

Fig3.7[assembly]
Fig3.7[assembly]
CHAPTER4 METHODOLOGY

In designing and fabricating this 360-degree drilling machine ,a flow of method

shad to be used the design. First of all ,a process planning had to be charted out.
This acts as a guideline to be followed so that ,the final model meets the
requirement and time could be managed. This would term in the efficiency of
the project to be done. Regulating and analysing these step sare very important as
each of it has its own criteria to be followed.

Fig4.1[flowchart]
The flow chart arts with the introduction. Here, the introduction is first
plant or start the project. The supervisor request forunder standing of the project
and make some research
About the project title. Student makes project synopsis, objective, and scope of
work, problem statement and planning.
Once the introduction is done, the supervis or request for the
understanding of the project. Thus, literature review on the title is done
thoroughly cover in gall the aspect of the project. The medium forth is research h
are via internet and books. Essential information related to the project Is
gathered for referencing. In conceptualization, few designs are done using the
sketching which Is then saved to be reviewed. Sketch for concepts suitable for
the project with a 3-dimensional and understanding. The sketching is first step
for designer used of the time. The designs and concepts are than reviewed and
recalculated to fit the best dimensions and performance 360 degree drilling
machine. After for design sketched design considerations have been made and
one design have been chosen. The selected design sketched is then transfer to
solid modelling and drawing using solid work application. Software is used
because it gives a better dimension of 360 degree drilling machine compared to
manual draw and is much easier to use.
However, the drawing using software is just a guideline to be
followed to improve the 360-degree drilling machine. After draw is done,
the project proceeds to next step that is fabrication process. The finished
drawing and sketching is used as a reference by following them
easurement and the type of material needed. The fabrication process that
involved is cutting, welding, drilling, and other. After every process was
finish, the parts are check to make sure that the output of the process
obeys the product requirement.
If all the parts had been processed, the parts are joined together to produce
fullscale 360-degree drilling machine. Here come the analysis processes.
During the testing of this we find that desired R.P.Marenot obtained
exactly and base plate is not magnetized.
The360-degree drilling machine is finished by doing some finishing
process such as welding and joint the connecting arm by the bolts & nuts. After
all parts had been joined together and analysis, the last phase of process that is
result and discussion. In result and discussion, the draft report and the entire
related article are gathered and hand over to the supervisor for error checking.

For the conclusion, the finish product will be compare with the report to
make sure that there is no mistake on both project and report.After the product
and report had been approve by the supervisor,there port is rearranged and print
out to submit at supervisor of the project
Coordinator and faculty of Mechanical Engineering.In this stage,the final
presentation was also being prepared and waited to be present.
CH APTER 5 LI ST O F EQ UI PM ENTS

5.1Componentsrequired:
Drillbit
Connecting arms & plates
Hinges
Joints & screws
Motor

5.1.1DRILLBIT:

Fig5.1[drillbit]

In which drillbit are used of twisted type drill. It is of material Carbon Steel.Its
diameter is of 2mm. This isused to make drill on wood,plastic and light
metals.Drill bits are cutting tool is used to remove material to create holes,almost
always of circular cross-section. Drill bits come in many sizes and shapes and
cancreated if different kinds of holes in many different materials.In order to
create holes drillbits are usually attached to a drill, which powers them to cut
through the workpiece,typically by rotation.The drill will grasp the upper end of
a bit called the shank in the chuck.Drillbits come in standardsizes,described in the
drill bit sizes article.
A comprehensive drill bit and tap size chart lists metric and imperial sized drill
bits along side the required screw tap sizes.There a real so certain specialized
drillbits that can create holes with an on-circularcross-section. Most drill bits for
consumer use have straight shanks. For heavy duty drilling in industry, bits with
tapered shanks are some times used. Other types of shank used include hex-
shaped, and various proprietary quick releasesy stems.The diameter-to-length
ratio of the drillbit is usually between 1:1 and 1:10. Much higher ratios are
possible (e.g.,"aircraft-length"twistbits,pressured-oil gun drill bits,etc.),but the
higher the ratio,the greater the technical challenge of producing good work.

5.1.2Connecting arms & plates:

It connects the two Frames to each other for supports between the to help to
move when were quired. It consist of metal strip softwosizes one of 12”(inch)
and another is of 15”(inch). Both are off our pieces of equalling length.A hinge
is a mechanical bearing that connects two solid objects, typically allowing only a
limited angle of rotation between them. Two objects connected by an ideal hinge
rotate relative to each other about a fixed axis of rotation: all other translations or
rotations being prevented, and thus a hinge has one degree of freedom. Hinges
may be made of flexible material or of moving components. In a many joints
function as hinges like the elbow joint. In Hinges appear in large structures such
as elevated free way and railroad via ducts. These are included to reduce ore
liminate the transfer of bending stresses between structural components,
typically in an effort to reduce sensitivity to earthquakes. The primary reason for
using a hinge,rather than as impler device such as a slide is to prevent the
separation of adjacent components.When no bending stresses are transmitted
across the hinge it is called a zero-moment hinge.
 Fig5.2.2[connecting arm]

5.1.3 Hinges:
It support frames and connecting rods to each other by joints together.It used to
constraint one axis movement.

5.1.4 Joints:
A screw joint is a one-degree-of-freedom kinematic pair used in
mechanisms.Screw joints provide single-axis translation by utilizing the thread
so the threaded rod to provide such translation.This type of joint isused primarily
on most types of line are actuate or stand certain types of cartesian robots.A
Screw joint is sometimes considered as a separate type but it is actually a
variation of bolted joint.The difference is that a screw is used rather that bolt,thus
requiring an internal thread in one of the jointed parts.This can save
space,however,continuous reuse of the thread would probably damage the
coils,making the whole part unsuitable.A screw is an inclined plane wrapped
around a nail.Some screw threads are designed to mate with a complementary
thread, known as a female thread (internal thread),often in the form of a nut or an
object that has the internal thread formed into it.Other screw threads are designed
to cut a helical groove in as ofter material as the screw is inserted.The most
common uses of screws are to hold objects together and to position objects.
Fig5.3[nut&bolt]
5.1.4Motor:
It is an electrical device which converts electrical energy to mechanical energy.It
rotates shaft which support by bush in it when power is supply through
rectifier.This shaft connect with drill bit through chuck torotate drillbit and make
hole on workpiece when it is required.

Specification of Motor
Type of Motor – D.C.Motor
Speed – Max 2600 rpm
Voltage – 12 Volt
Supply – D.C. Supply
Current – 0.2–1.2AMP
Power – 2.4– 15 watt
Frequency – 50Hz
Controller – Hand
Fig5.4[motor]
CHAPTER6 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF MACHINE

The working principle of this flexible drilling machine is initially started from the
D.C. motor through full wave rectifier.In which there is one power
sources,received from the rectifier.Then the arm rotates at 360 degree and
moves any where when drilling is required upto its maximum arm length.With
the help of my project we can drill in complicated parts accurately.

Fig6.1[360degreedrillingmachine]
CHAPTER7 SPECIFICATION OF DESIGN PARTS

NO. PART NAME MATERIYAL QUANTITY/SET

1 Connecting arms Mild Steel 4
2 Motor - 1
3 Screws & nuts Alloy steel 32
4 Drill bit H.S.S. 1
5 Base plate Mild steel -
6 Hinge Alloy steel 3
CHAPTER 8 FUTURE SCOPE
Complete automation can be achieved
Easy locking technique can be derived.
 180 degree rotation of the upper base plate can be modified further more
 to achieve 360 degree rotation
 Mobility of machine can be increased.
Portability can be improvised.
 Base bottom plate can be magnetized for an environment where no
clamping is possible.

 Locking in the base can be further accurate by the use of gears or any step
per motor.


CHAPTER 09 REFERENCE

1 . Prof. Gadhia Utsav D Shah Harsh A, Patel Viral A,Patel Kushang P,Amin
HarshJ, DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT OF UNIVERSAL PNEUMATIC
DRILLING MACHINE:ARE VIEW STUDY,International Journal For
Technological Research In Engineering Volume3, April-2016, Pages
1614–1616
2 . Mr.JayM.Patel, Mr.AkhilP.Nair, Prof.HiralU.Chauhan, 3-Directional
Flexible Drilling Machine, International Journal for Scientific Research &
Development, Vol.3, January 2015, Pages1262–1264
3 . Multi spindle Drilling Head by Mr.K.I.Nargatti, Mr.S.V.Patil,
Mr.G.N.Rakate(2016)