International Journal of Engineering Trends and Applications (IJETA) – Volume 5 Issue 2, Mar-Apr 2018

RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS

Design & Fabrication of 360° Flexible Drilling Machine

G.Prasanth Kumar [1], P.Guna Sekhar [2], P.Nadeem Khan [3]
P.Rajesh [4], B.V.Krishnaiah [5]
Under Graduate Student [1], [2], [3], [4], Assistant professor [5]
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Narayana Engineering College, Gudur
Andhra Pradesh – India
ABSTRACT
In previous drilling machine many of the problems arise during drilling. Some parts cannot drill due to small work
space between drill bit and work piece. So we use hand drills in this cases but it cause alignment problems. So here i
propose a 360 degree flexible drill that can be mounted on a table or wall and can be used to drill holes horizontally,
vertically or even upside down. So this make it possible for easy drilling in even complicated parts and surfaces.
Keywords:- 360˚, Flexibility, Drill Bit
І. INTRODUCTION have been removed). Also, the inside of the hole
Drill machines have been the heart of every industry. usually has helical feed marks. Drilling may affect
Drilling holes in parts, sheets and structures is a the mechanical properties of the work piece by
regular industrial work. Perfect and well aligned creating low residual stresses around the whole
drilling needs fixed and strong drills. Some parts opening and a very thin layer of highly stressed and
cannot be drilled using fixed drills due to low space disturbed material on the newly formed surface.
between drill bit and drill bed. We need to use hand
drills in such cases but hand drills have alignment A. Drilling Machine Construction
problems while drilling. So here i propose a 360º The basic parts of a drilling machine are its base,
flexible drill that can be mounted on a table or wall supporting arms, drill head and chuck. The base
and can be used to drill holes horizontally , vertically made of cast iron or other hard material may rest on a
or even upside down. So this makes it possible for bench, floor depending upon the design. Larger and
easy drilling in even complicated parts and surfaces. heavy duty machines are grounded on the floor. The
Thus i use rotating hinges and connectors with motor arms are mounted on base with the help of hinge to
mount and supporting structure to design and rotate about it. It is accurately machined and the arms
fabricate a 360 degree drilling machine for easy can move up, down and rotate about x-axis. The drill
drilling operations. Drilling machine is one of the chuck, an electric motor and the mechanism meant
most important machine tools in a workshop. It was for driving the chuck at different speeds are mounted
designed to produce a cylindrical hole of required on the top of the upper arm. Power is transmitted
diameter and depth on metal work pieces. Though from the electric motor to the drill chuck.
holes can be made by different machine tools in a
shop, drilling machine is designed specifically to B. Drilling Machine Working Principle
perform the operation of drilling and similar The working principle of this flexible drilling
operations. Drilling can be done easily at a low cost machine is initially started from the D.C. motor
in a shorter period of time in a drilling through full wave rectifier. In which there is one
machine.Drilling can be called as the operation of power sources, received from the rectifier. Then the
producing a cylindrical hole of required diameter and arm rotates at 360 degree and moves anywhere when
depth by removing metal by the rotating edges of a drilling is required up to its maximum arm length.
drill. The cutting tool known as drill is fitted into the With the help of my project we can drill in
spindle of the drilling machine. A mark of complicated parts accurately.
indentation is made at the required location with a
center punch. The rotating drill is pressed at the ІІ. MATERIALS & METHODS
location and is fed into the work. The hole can be My project even be rotate easily drill at any direction.
made up to a required depth. Drilled holes are So that job setting operation is not complicated as
characterized by their sharp edge on the entrance side well as reduces the setting time for the operation. It
and the presence of burrs on the exit side (unless they also takes into consideration the most effective

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 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Applications (IJETA) – Volume 5 Issue 2, Mar-Apr 2018

method of controlling the drilling machine by Fig. 3: (c) Up/Down Movement of Bottom Arm
manually. Materials like wood, plastic and light about Horizontal Hinge
metals drilled with this. The work piece is fixed on
the work table.As the machine tool exert Vertical
pressure to original a hole it loosely called a drill
press. This Drilling is performed for Different
Position Drilling in the working job. Up/Down and
rotating mechanism is available in this Drilling
Machine. One end of the arm is attached to a firm
base while the other has a tool. These arms are made
up of Aluminum. The number of parameters in the
subgroup is called the degrees of freedom of the
joint. Mechanical linkages are usually designed to
transform a given input force and movement into a
desired output force and movement. Fig. 4: (d) Up/Down Movement of Upper Arm about
Horizontal Hinge

Fig. 1: (a) Rotation of Upper Arm about Vertical Fig. 5: – 360 Degree Flexible Drilling Machine
Hinge
III. LITERATURE REVIEW
In order to model surface roughness, several methods
had been used in previous research. Mr. K. I.
Nargatti, Mr. S. V. Patil , Mr. G. N. Rakate (2016)
developed a model in Multispindle Drilling Head
with Varying Centre Distance. Multiple-spindle
drilling machines are used for mass production, a
great time saver where many pieces of jobs having
many holes are to be drilled. Multi-spindle head
machines are used in mechanical industry in order to
increase the productivity of machining systems. This
Fig. 2: (b) Rotation of Bottom Arm about Vertical machine has two spindles driven by a single motor
Hinge and all the spindles are fed in to the work piece
simultaneously. Feeding motions are obtained either
by raising the work table or by lowering the drills
head. As the name indicates multiple spindle drilling
machines have two spindles driven by a single power
head, and these two spindles holding the drill bits are
fed into the work piece simultaneously. The spindles
are so constructed that their centre distance can be
adjusted in any position within the drill head
depending on the job requirement. The positions of

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 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Applications (IJETA) – Volume 5 Issue 2, Mar-Apr 2018

those parallel shafts holding the drills are adjusted connected by an ideal hinge rotate relative to each
depending upon the locations of the holes to be made other about a fixed axis of rotation: all
on the job. Based on the literature review, the most other translations or rotations being prevented, and
parameters that widely considered when investigating thus a hinge has one degree of freedom. Hinges may
the operation of a machine are feed rate, spindle be made of flexible material or of moving
speed and depth of cut. Most of the researches didn’t components. In a many joints function as hinges like
consider the uncontrolled parameters, such as tool the elbow joint. In Hinges appear in large structures
geometry, tool wear, chip loads, and chip formations, such as elevated freeway and railroad viaducts. These
or the material properties of both tool and work are included to reduce or eliminate the transfer of
piece. bending stresses between structural components,
typically in an effort to reduce sensitivity
ΙV.COMPONENTS to earthquakes. The primary reason for using a hinge,
1) Motor rather than a simpler device such as a slide, is to
prevent the separation of adjacent components. When
It is an electrical device which converts electrical no bending stresses are transmitted across the hinge it
energy to mechanical energy. It rotates shaft which is called a zero moment hinge.
support by bush in it when power is supply through
rectifier. This shaft connect with drill bit through
chuck to rotate drill bit and make hole on work piece
when it is required. Is of high torque capable which
required for drilling. An electricmotor is an electrical
machine thatconverts electricalenergy into mechanica
l energy.The reverse of this is the conversion of
mechanical energy into electrical energy and is done
by an electric generator, which has much in common
with a motor.Most electric motors operate through
the interaction between an electric motor's magnetic
field and winding currents to generate force. In 3) Pulleys
certain applications, such as in regenerative
braking with traction motors in the transportation A pulley is a wheel on an axle or shaft that is
industry, electric motors can also be used in reverse designed to support movement and change of
as generators to convert mechanical energy into direction of a taut cable or belt, or transfer of power
electric power. between the shaft and cable or belt. In the case of a
pulley supported by a frame or shell that does not
transfer power to a shaft, but is used to guide the
cable or exert a force, the supporting shell is called a
block, and the pulley may be called a sheave. A
pulley may have a groove or grooves
between flanges around its circumference to locate
the cable or belt. The drive element of a pulley
system can be a rope, cable, belt, or chain. Hero of
Alexandria identifiedthe pulley as one of six simple
machines used to lift weights. Pulleys are assembled
to form a block and tackle in order to
provide mechanical advantage to apply large forces.
2) Connecting Rod Pulleys are also assembled as part of belt and chain
It connects the two Frames to each other for supports drives in order to transmit power from one rotating
between them to help to move when we required. It shaft to another. A set of pulleys assembled so that
consist of metal strips of two sizes one of 12” (inch) they rotate independently on the same axle form a
and another is of 15” (inch). Both are of four pieces block. Two blocks with a rope attached to one of the
of equal length. A hinge is a mechanical bearing that blocks and threaded through the two sets of pulleys
connects two solid objects, typically allowing only a form a block and tackle.
limited angle of rotation between them. Two objects

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 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Applications (IJETA) – Volume 5 Issue 2, Mar-Apr 2018

4) Bearing the screw is inserted. The most common uses of

screws are to hold objects together and to position
A bearing is a machine element that constrains
objects
relative motion to only the desired motion, and
reduces friction between moving parts. The design of
the bearing may, for example, provide for
free linear movement of the moving part or for
free rotation around a fixed axis; or, it may prevent a
motion by controlling the vectors of normal
forces that bear on the moving parts. Most bearings
facilitate the desired motion by minimizing friction.
Bearings are classified broadly according to the type
of operation, the motions allowed, or to the directions
of the loads (forces) applied to the parts. Rotary
bearings hold rotating components such
as shafts or axles within mechanical systems, and
transfer axial and radial loads from the source of the 6) Drill Bit
load to the structure supporting it. The simplest form
of bearing, the plain bearing, consists of a shaft In which drill bit are used of twisted type drill. It is of
rotating in a hole. material Carbon Steel. Its diameter is of 2mm. This is
used to make drill on wood, plastic and light metals.
Drill bits are cutting tools used to remove material to
create holes, almost always of circular cross-section.
Drill bits come in many sizes and shapes and can
create different kinds of holes in many different
materials. In order to create holes drill bits are
usually attached to a drill, which powers them to cut
through the work piece, typically by rotation. The
drill will grasp the upper end of a bit called
the shank in the chuck. Drill bits come in standard
sizes, described in the drill bit sizes article. A
comprehensive drill bit and tap size
5) Screws chart lists metric and imperial sized drill bits
alongside the required screw tap sizes. There are also
A screw joint is a one-degree-of-freedom kinematic certain specialized drill bits that can create holes with
pair used in mechanisms. Screw joints provide a non-circular cross-section. Most drill bits for
single-axis translation by utilizing the threads of consumer use have straight shanks. For heavy duty
the threaded rod to provide such translation. This drilling in industry, bits with tapered shanks are
type of joint is used primarily on most types of linear sometimes used. Other types of shank used include
actuators and certain types of cartesian robots. A hex-shaped, and various proprietary quick release
Screw joint is sometimes considered as a separate systems. The diameter-to-length ratio of the drill bit
type but it is actually a variation of bolted joint. The is usually between 1:1 and 1:10. Much higher ratios
difference is that a screw is used rather that bolt, thus are possible (e.g., "aircraft-length" twist bits,
requiring an internal thread in one of the jointed pressured-oil gun drill bits, etc.), but the higher the
parts. This can save space, however, continuous reuse ratio, the greater the technical challenge of producing
of the thread would probably damage the coils, good work.
making the whole part unsuitable. A screw is
an inclined plane wrapped around a nail. Some screw
threads are designed to mate with a complementary
thread, known as a female thread (internal thread),
often in the form of a nut or an object that has the
internal thread formed into it. Other screw threads are
designed to cut a helical groove in a softer material as

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 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Applications (IJETA) – Volume 5 Issue 2, Mar-Apr 2018

MRR = 219911.485 mm3/min

E. Machining Time –
t = L/f
Where, L = length of the hole to be drilled = 10cm
f = feed of the drill = 40 mm/min
t = 0.25 min
F. Torque –
P = 15 watts , N = 1750 rpm
P = 2πNT/60
V. SPECIFICATION T = P x 60/2πN
A. Specification of Motor: T = 15 x 60/2π x 1750
Type of Motor – D.C. Motor T = 81.8511 N-mm
Speed – Max 4000 rpm
Voltage – 12 Volt VII. WORKING
Supply – D.C. Supply 1) In which all the component is mounted on table.
Current – 0.2 – 1.2 AMP This support the arm to rotate freely.
Power – 2.4 – 15 watt 2) Arm rotates manually when where it is required.
Frequency – 50 Hz 3) Motor are mounted on Arm which moves where
Controller – Hand work piece is to drill.
4) Put drill bit point on work piece area where drill is
Weight – 150gm required.
Shaft dia. – 3.17 mm 5) Switch on the main supply which of A.C.
Diameter – 36mm 6) Then this A.C. flow through Rectifier and convert
Length (Body) – 50mm to Pure D.C.
Length (Shaft) – 16mm 7) This rotates motor and also bit rotates.
Main Color – Silver Tone 8) After make hole where on work piece is required.
Material – Metal Net
9) Then switch off the main supply.
B. Specification of Drill Chuck:
Length = 15mm
Diameter = 7mm VIIΙ. CONCLUSION
Type of Chuck – Fibre This project is an efficient operation and competitive
C. Bit: cost. Since a number of operation and hole can be
Diameter – 2mm performed in a simple unit.
Material – Carbon Steel It is efficient and economical. Considering its uses
Type of Bit – Twist Drill Bit and cost of project, it becomes relatively cheap when
compared to other units.
VI. MACHINING & DESIGN A. Advantage
1) EFFICIENT DRILLING
PARAMETERS 2) 360 DEGREE ROTATION
A. Cutting Speed (V) –
3) FLEXIBLE
V = πDN
Where, D = diameter of drill in mm = 2mm 4) EASY TO USE
N = speed of rotation in mm = 1750 rpm 5) LOW COST
V = 183.259 mm/sec 6) REDUCE HANDLING COST
B. Feed Rate (f) – 7) REDUCE TIME
40 mm/min 8) REDUCE OVERALL MANUFACTURING
C. Depth of Cut (d) – COST
d = D/2 9) INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY
d = 1 mm B. Application
D. Material Removal Rate – 1) To put holes with high precision on engine heads,
MRR = (πD2/4)f N blocks and cylindrical shell.

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 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Applications (IJETA) – Volume 5 Issue 2, Mar-Apr 2018

2) Used in furniture making. Development, Volume 3(3) , May-Jun 2016 ,

C. Future Scope Pages 506 – 508
1) It is used in industries. [8] R.Anandhan, P.Gunasekaran, D.Sreenevasan,
2) It is used with automation for automatic drilling. D.Rajamaruthu , Design and Fabrication of
3) In future it is used in every field where drilling is Angular Drilling Machine , International Journal
required. of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering
4) Also use this method of rotation of arm in other and Technology , Vol. 5, May 2016 , Pages 88 -
machining operation. 95
[9] Dnyaneshwar B Bharad, Rahul D Gawande,
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