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    Science 9 Unit 3 Module 1

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    Jeddie Suan
    The document discusses volcanoes, providing information on: 1) Some of the active volcanoes in the Philippines like Taal, Mayon, and Pinatubo. 2) Key volcanic features such as magma, lava, craters, and calderas. 3) The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) which monitors Philippine volcanoes. 4) The Philippines location along the Pacific Ring of Fire where many volcanic activities occur.

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    Science 9 Unit 3 Module 1

    Uploaded by

    Jeddie Suan
    103 views3 pages
    The document discusses volcanoes, providing information on: 1) Some of the active volcanoes in the Philippines like Taal, Mayon, and Pinatubo. 2) Key volcanic features such as magma, lava, craters, and calderas. 3) The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) which monitors Philippine volcanoes. 4) The Philippines location along the Pacific Ring of Fire where many volcanic activities occur.

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    The document discusses volcanoes, providing information on: 1) Some of the active volcanoes in the Philippines like Taal, Mayon, and Pinatubo. 2) Key volcanic features such as magma, lava, craters, and calderas. 3) The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) which monitors Philippine volcanoes. 4) The Philippines location along the Pacific Ring of Fire where many volcanic activities occur.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    103 views3 pages

    Science 9 Unit 3 Module 1

    Uploaded by

    Jeddie Suan
    The document discusses volcanoes, providing information on: 1) Some of the active volcanoes in the Philippines like Taal, Mayon, and Pinatubo. 2) Key volcanic features such as magma, lava, craters, and calderas. 3) The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) which monitors Philippine volcanoes. 4) The Philippines location along the Pacific Ring of Fire where many volcanic activities occur.

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    Science 9 Unit 3 Module 1: Volcano

    -TAAL in Batangas, MAYON in Albay, HIBOK-HIBOK in Camiguin, KANLAON in Negros Island, SMITH in
    Calayan Cagayan, MUSUAN in Bukidnon, BULUSAN in Sorsogon, PINATUBO in Zambales

    -Flank, Layers of ash, Dike, Sill, Base, Conduit Pipe, Bedrock, Magma chamber, Ash Cloud, CraterVent,
    Lava Flow, Parasitic Cone, Throat, Layers of lava

    -Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)

    -The Philippines is located along the Pacific Ring of Fire- home to many volcanic activities.

    -A volcano is a natural opening in the surface of the Earth where molten rocks, hot gases, smoke, and
    ash are ejected.

    -Submarine volcanoes are underwater vants/fissures in the Earth’s surface from which magma can erupt
    with 75% of annual magma output.

    -Pillow lava is a lava that has solidified as rounded masses, characteristic of eruption under water.

    -Lava or volcanic dome is a roughly circular mound-shaped protrusion resulting from the slow
    extrusionof viscous lava from a volcano.

    -Olympus Mons of Mars is the tallest volcano in our solar system.

    -Jupiter’s moon “lo” is the most volcanically active in our solar system.

    -Mauna Loa in Hawaii with an elevation of 4169 meters is the world’s biggest volcano.

    -Mauna Kea in Hawaii with an elevation of 4,207 meters is the world’s tallest volcano.

    -Kilauea in Hawaii- most active and constantly erupting volcano since 1983.

    -Mt. Taal is the world’s smallest active volcano.

    -Mt. Chimborazo is the most distant point from the center of the earth due to equatorial bulge.

    -Apolaki Caldera in Benham Rise- world’s largest caldera.

    -1st Geothermal power plant in 1904, Larderello Italy.

    -lava- magma that has been ejected out of a volcano

    -magma- molten rock inside the Earth

    -Geysers are springs that throw boiling water high in the air.
    -Lahar is a type of mudflow or debris flow composed of pyroclastic material.

    -cinder- loose fragments of solidified lava

    -ash- fragments of rocks; fine-grained lava

    -silica- a compound of silicon (SI02)

    -Thermocouple is a special electric thermometer used to measure the temperature of lava.

    -Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI): 0- non explosive, weak/1- gentle/2-explosive/3-CATASTROPHIC/4-


    CATACLYSMIC/5- PAROXYSMIC/6- COLOSSIAL/7- SUPERCOLOSSAL/8-
    MEGACOLOSSAL(SUPERVOLCANOES)

    -2 kinds of lava- Aa (rough) and Pahoehoe (smooth)

    -2 Kinds of Volcanic Rocks- Pumice (light, porous volcanic rock; the only rock that can float in water) and
    Scoria (light, porous volcanic rock)

    -3 external parts of a volcano:

    1. Summit- peak or highest point; an opening which may either be a crater or a caldera.

    a. crater- a funnel-shaped opening at the top of a volcano; Mayon Volcano has one crater and Taal
    Volcano has 47 craters.

    b. caldera- is formed when a part of the wall collapses following an explosive eruption; ex. Mt.
    Pinatubo.

    2. Base- foundation

    3. Slope- degree of slant or inclination

    Classification of Volcanoes: According to PHIVOLCS our country has more than a hundred volcanoes as
    of March 2016. 25 are active.

    a. Active volcanoes are those that have a record of eruption within the last 600 years or those that
    erupted 10,000 years ago based on analysis of their material.
    b. Inactive or Dormant volcanoes are those that have not erupted for the last 10,000 years and
    their physical form is being changed by agents of weathering and erosion through the formation
    of deep and long gullies.
    3 General Volcanic Types according to the shape of their cones:

    a. Shield- formed by the accumulation of that oozes out from the volcano, a broad, slightly domed
    structure that resembles a warrior’s shield is formed; Ex. Mauna Loa in Hawaii.
    b. Cinder- built from ejected lava fragments with steep slope, wide crater and are the most
    abundant of the three major volcano types; characterized by narrow base and steep slope crater-
    a funnel-shaped depression at the top of a volcano formed as a result of explosive eruptions. Ex.
    Paricutin in Mexico.
    c. Composite- Composite or Stratovolcanoes- large, nearly perfect sloped structure formed fromm
    alternate solidification of both lava and pyroclastic deposits; formed from alternate solidification
    of lava and cindera characterized by large and symmetrical slope. Ex. Mayon Volcano.

    5 Types of volcanic eruption

    a. Phreatic or Hydrothermal- a stream-driven eruptions that hot rocks come in contact with water,
    short-lived, characterized by ash columns but may be an onset of a larger eruption
    b. Phreatomagmatic- a violent eruption due to the contact between water and magma; a large
    column of every fine-ash and high-speed and sideway emission of pyroclastics called base surges
    are observed
    c. Strombolian- a period weak to violent eruption characterized by fountain lava, just like the Irazu
    Volcano in Costa Rica.
    d. Vulcanian- characterized by tall eruption columns that reach up to 20 km high with pyroclastic
    flow and ashfall tephra like that of Paricutin Volcano in Mexico.
    e. Pilinian- excessively explosive type of eruption gas and pyroclastics, just like our Pinatubo
    Volcano in Zambales.

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