R.V.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE-

560059
(An Autonomous Institution Affiliated to VTU, Belgaum)

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL
ENGINEERING

REPORT ON GREEN TECHNOLOGY – AN ANSWER TO OUR SOLID

WASTE MANAGEMENT

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DR. RAJALAKSHMI MUDBIDRE

Submitted by

NAME:MANIKANTA M USN NO: 1RV16EE031

SEMESTER-VI

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE
1. Introduction 03
2. Literature review 03
3. Present method of solid waste management in India 06
4. Basic principles of solid waste management 07
5. Waste management system in India 07
6. Key projects by the state to improve solid waste management 07
7. Challenges in India 08
8. Suggestions for future improvement 08
9. Conclusions 09
10. References 11

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INTRODUCTION:

Solid waste commonly known as trash or garbage is a waste type consisting of everyday items that are
discarded by the public.
It predominantly includes food wastes, yard wastes, containers and product packaging, and other
miscellaneous inorganic wastes from residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial sources.
Solid waste means any garbage or refuse, sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, water supply
treatment plant, or an air pollution control facility and other discarded material, including solid,
liquid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous material resulting from industrial, commercial, mining, and
agricultural operations, and from community activities.
Solid waste management association of India is aimed at developing and implementing proper
mechanisms to effectively manage solid wastes.
For solid waste policy to be effective, inputs should come from stakeholders, including citizens,
businesses, community based-organizations, non-governmental organizations, government agencies,
universities, and other research organizations.
Generally, the term "solid waste" refers to non-hazardous waste, though according to the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and other state regulations, "hazardous waste" is also a part
of solid waste.

LITERATURE REVIEW:
Information is widely distributed and that needs to be channelized and integrated
This fusion must be powered by technologies to make it comprehensive to humans and systems
In developed and developing countries like India, most of the population live in urban areas. The
cities therefore need to be viable for a healthy and sustainable living
The operational attribute and sustainability could be brought forward if the distributed information
can be fused on semantic concept and is ready to be disseminated for some course of action
There is a growing concern over accumulation of solid waste in developing countries like India and
that is posing a huge environmental and health challenge to the habitats.

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SOLID WASTE TREE:

PER CAPITA WASTE GENERATION RATE:

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STATICS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN DIFFERENT STATES OF INDIA:

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THE PRESENT METHOD OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN INDIA:
1. Segregation:
There is no organized and scientifically planned segregation of MSW either at household
level or at community bin
The present method which Indian government is using is that they separate the waste into wet
waste, dry waste and e-waste, they call this method as segregation.

2. Collection:
Waste produced by houses is usually transferred into communal bins that are fabricated from
metal, made from concrete or in combination of both.
Street sweeping also collects a lot of waste in this process

3. Reuse/recycle:
This entails activities like collecting those materials from the waste, which could be gainfully
retrieved and utilized for making new products.
Since unsegregated waste is dumped at community bins, its optimal recycling is not possible.

4. Transportation:
Modes of transportation for solid waste management practiced in India are: bullock carts,
hand rickshaws, compactors, trucks, tractor, trailers, and dumpers
Stationary compactors, mobile compactors/closed tempos, and tarpaulin-covered vehicles are
used in the transportation of MSW and about 65, 15, and 20% of waste is transported through
these compacters, respectively

5. Disposal:
In India, almost every city, town, or village adopted unscientific disposal of MSW.
The existing practice and technology availability for solid waste management for 59 cities,
among these cities, 40 cities have shown increase in waste generation, 7 cities shows
reduction, and it was more or less same for 6 cities.
TYPES OF DISPOSAL ARE:
a. Open dumping
b. Landfilling
c. Landfill gas-to-energy plants
d. Aerobic composting
e. Vermi-composting
f. Anaerobic digestion
g. Thermal treatment

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Basic principles of Solid Waste Management
1. Refuse: Do not buy anything which we do not really need.
2. Reduce - Reduce the amount of garbage generated. Alter our lifestyle so that minimum garbage
is generated.
3. Reuse - Reuse everything to its maximum after properly cleaning it. Make secondary use of
different articles.
4. Recycle – Keep things which can be recycled to be given to rag pickers or waste pickers. Convert
the recyclable garbage into manures or other useful products.

Waste Management System in India

Waste management market comprises of four segments - Municipal Waste, Industrial Waste, Bio-
Medical Waste and Electronic Waste Market.
In India waste management practice depend upon actual waste generation, primary storage, primary
collection, secondary collection and transportation, recycling activity, Treatment and disposal.
Municipality corporations play very important role in waste management in each city along with
public health department.
Municipal Corporation is responsible for the management of the solid waste generated in the city.
The public health department is responsible for sanitation, street cleansing.
Waste Collection in India:
Primarily by the city municipality
• No gradation of waste product eg bio-degradable, glasses, poly bags, paper shreds etc.
• Dumps these wastes to the city outskirts
Local Rag pickers
• Collecting small iron pieces by magnets
• Collecting glass bottles
• Collecting paper for recycling

KEY PROJESTS BY THE STATES TO IMROVE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT:

1. Kolkata: SWM Improvement Project
2. Kanchrapara: SWM through Citizens' Participation
3. Kollam: municipal solid waste Management Project
4. Chennai: MSW Project
5. Mumbai: MSW Management Project
6. Gurgaon: Ultra Modern Waste Management Plant
7. Namakkal: Zero Garbage Status
8. Suryapet: Dustbin Free and Zero Garbage Town
9. Visakhapatnam: SWM Though Citizens Participation

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 10. Thiruvananthapuram: Decentralised SWM
11. Chennai: GPRS Equipped Waste Bin
12. Ahmedabad: Tapping Methane Gas
13. Goa: Solid Waste Management Corporation
14. Nagpur: Bye-Laws to Collect Waste Generated in Hotels
15. Nagpur: Management of Construction Debris
16. Akola: CBO for Waste Management
17. Yavatmal: Door-to-Door Collection of Solid Waste
18. Tamil Nadu: Zero Waste Mgt. at Vellore District
19. Andhra Pradesh: 3.66-MW Power Generation Project
20. Uttar Pradesh: 6-MW Biomass Cogeneration Power Plant

CHALLENGES IN INDIA:
Key issues and challenges include lack of collection and segregation at source, scarcity of land,
dumping of e-waste and lack of awareness.

Simple dumping of mixed waste is the practice followed practically everywhere and especially in the
developing countries as they cannot mobilize financial resources for applying expensive technology
propounded by the developed countries.

In India, “The new Municipal Solid Waste Management Rules 2000”, which came into effect from
January 2004, fail, even to manage waste in a cyclic process.

Waste management still is a linear system of collection and disposal, creating health and
environmental hazards.
Recently on 15th of march 2019, the waste from all the roads and houses were not collected for three
days because of the issue of disposal of the waste, a major action has to be taken for the disposal of
the wastes collected from the cities.

SUGGESSIONS FOR FUTURE IMPROVEMENT

Generally Government bodies and municipalities give priority to present problems which they face
but do not think for future problems due to environmental decay.
Their view is that, they will solve problems when they will face it but not now, this has to be changed.

Efforts to improve waste storage and collection are required. This can be done when each household
and locality are provided standard bins that are placed outside for ease of collection.

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In areas where this is not appropriate, centrally located waste collection points should be established
that are shared by a number of households.

The adoption and transfer of the technologies from the developed countries without adapting them to
the local or regional perspective would be fallacious on the part of the developing countries.

General public can play a very important role. Public participation is necessary for a proper waste
management system. Changes in the habits of segregation, littering, can change the approach towards
wastes.
For example in a heritage town of West Bengal, there was a movement related to waste management.
Within a span of two years it successfully sensitized residents for segregation at source and not
littering in open areas. Now the city is really becoming clean and other people are also participating in
the movement.

In India the landfill, sometimes described as `sanitary landfill’, does not go beyond filling up of low-
lying areas with stinking waste conveniently bypassing the recommended requirements for `sanitary
landfill’.
In the end, anything that is emptied at dumping or landfill sites continues to cause serious
environmental depredation.
The developed countries do boast that they handle their waste in a more scientific manner at landfill
sites by laying the dumping grounds with a vulcanized plastic sheet to avoid leaching of toxic
digested and undigested waste into the ground underneath. In our countries authorities practicing
landfill do declare that they assiduously implement requirements for recommended landfill to assuage
citizen concern, we have to try to follow the developed countries for the waste management.

CONCLUSION:
In my report, I wanted to bring forth the point that collaboration amongst waste processing units and
its various stakeholders could bring more efficiency in the way they operate and increase their market
based output, motivate their staff and so on by means of assisted platform such as collaboration portal,
providing all their informational needs under one roof.
It is suffice to say that we require a more stringent integrated and strategic waste prevention
framework to effectively address wastage related issues
To achieve financial sustainability, socio-economic and environmental goals in the field of waste
management, there is a need to systematically analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the community
as well as the municipal corporation, based on which an effective waste management system can be
evolved with the participation of various stakeholders in India.

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REFERENCES:
IEEE PAPERS:
1. Central Pollution Control Board of India (CPCB) (1998), “Status of solid waste management
in metro cities”
2. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (2000). “Strategic Waste
Management”
3. Conventional Solid Waste Management Technique for Eradication of Solid Waste and its
Impact Assessment
4. Municipal solid waste collection and management problems: a literature review

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