A Guide to

Ballast Tank Protection

Ensuring IMO compliance, lifetime protection,

economy and much more
 A Guide to Ballast
The people, resources and prod
you comply with the

IMO – International Maritime Organisation

The International Maritime Organisation is the United Nations specialised
agency responsible for improving maritime safety and preventing pollution from
ships. The IMO was founded in 1948 and is responsible for a number of treaties
working towards improved safety including the SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea)
international convention. SOLAS was the first convention adopted by the IMO
but was in fact originally adopted by maritime nations in 1914 as a consequence
of the Titanic disaster in 1912. The IMO is recognised as the main governing
body in the maritime industry.

The new IMO rules

The latest version of the Coating Performance Standard covers all ballast tanks
for ships over 500 gross tonnes and double skin bulk carriers of length greater than
150 metres. The aim of these rules is to provide a 15 year life in ‘good’ condition according to
the IACS (International Association of Classification Societies) definition. It will form part of the SOLAS
regulations and is as such intended to reduce the risk of shipping disasters where failure is due to corrosion
in the ballast tanks. The coating standard requirements will be recorded in a document called the technical
coating file which will be a permanent and updated record kept on-board the vessel for the whole of its life.


Tank Protection
ducts dedicated to ensuring
new IMO rules 2006

Here’s how we can help

At first glance these new rules may seem to be complicated and hard to understand and follow.
However we have focused on such issues related to our daily business and we are available to assist
in all the ways we can.

Innovative Research and Development

Jotun’s group Research & Development centre in Sandefjord, Norway heads up our R&D
laboratories in United Arab Emirates, Malaysia, South Korea, Norway, USA and China. More
than 200 experienced chemists strive to find improved solutions and innovations in the paint and
coating industry. Thus we have a strong basis to support our customers – meeting their needs,
whether in a general practical way or assisting to meet rules and regulations.

A wealth of ballast tank coating experience

From our very beginnings in 1926, Jotun has been focused on the needs of Marine customers
and not least coating ballast tanks. The last five decades have seen rapid development in epoxy
based technologies for which we have been one of the front runners, well known for our quality
long life systems. This experience has enabled us to develop the latest cutting edge products
designed to meet the exacting needs of our different customers whether it be for Newbuilding or
life extension of existing vessels. Jotun has proven products conforming to the required standard,
rules and regulations.

On-site Coating Advisors for technical support and supervision

Jotun Coating Advisors are a valuable resource when it comes to simply doing the job right. They
are highly trained, most with formal related qualifications and are a team second to none. Special
focus on the inspection demands of the coating performance standard has been given to our
coating advisors to ensure that we together can comply.


 IMO Performance Standa
3 key areas of qua
must be achieved
for the life of

Surface preparation
Surface preparation including cleanliness
makes up a large proportion of this
performance standard. It is well known in the
coating industry that no matter how good the
coating is, if the pre-work such as cleaning
is not done correctly, the result will be short
lived. The performance standard indicates
specifics such as salt and dust levels acceptable
and indicates how the general work will be
done. The environment around blasting and
pre-treatment of the shopprimer is detailed and
the profile of the steel is indicated ensuring the
best possible adhesion to the steel. All stages of
Newbuilding are considered prior to and after
erection.


rd – ballast tank coatings
lity control which
and maintained –
the vessel!

Coating inspection Coating quality

Inspection requirements are extensive and it Once the surface preparation, application
is here that the greatest consequences of this and inspection are 100% then the quality of
standard are apparent. Inspection will include the coating has the final significant factor
cleanliness, surface preparation, application in the life span of the protection. The
and film thickness control, carried out by performance standard has criteria for which the
qualified staff. It is the responsibility of all coatings must show the highest performance
parties involved and the documentation shall characteristics. This can be done both by real
form an integral part of the ship delivery within life experience and/or by intensive laboratory
the coating technical file. testing from an external body.


 New IMO rules for b
For newbuildings: 500+ to

Coating Performance Standard

l The latest version of the Coating Performance Standard covers all ballast tanks for ships over 500 gross
tonnes and double skin bulk carriers of length greater than 150 metres.

l The aim of the rules is to provide a 15 year life in ‘good’ condition according to the IACS (International
Association of Classification Societies) definition.

l The rules will be mandatory and form part of the SOLAS regulations II-1/3-2 and XII/6. It will also
apply to the ladders and platforms and other non-structural items within the ballast tanks.

l The standard also refers to ship design but cannot be specific as this is a very complex area with many
related and consequential implications.

l The standard states that the coating performance can be improved by adopting measures at the ship
design stage such as reducing scallops, using rolled profiles, avoiding complex geometric configurations
and ensuring that the structural configuration permits easy access for tools and to facilitate cleaning,
drainage and drying of the space to be coated.

l The intention for improving the structural integrity of the ship starts right from design stage and
throughout the lifetime of the vessel.


allast tank coatings
nnes, contracts from 2008

SOLAS regulations
l SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea) regulations are in place to help prevent disasters that result in the loss
of life.

l Coating standards are the first step towards ensuring that vessels built in the future are of a minimum
high quality and are not limited to the requirements laid out in the standard.

l The need for further improvements and additions to this standard is recognised. However, it has been
decided to implement the standard as it is with minor corrections and build on the standard in the course
of time.

l Issues such as how to judge coating flexibility over 15 years exposure and maintenance requirements over
a lifetime are furthered by the use of sub committees that will report back at a later stage and ultimately
recommendations will be implemented in SOLAS.

When will all this happen?

Date Event
1 July 2006 SOLAS XII/6.3 in force
December 2006 Draft resolution adopted
1 July 2008 Applied to all ships of not less than 500 GT
1 January 2009 Will apply to all keels laid after this date
1 July 2012 Will apply to all vessels delivered after this date

Earlier implementation by some flag states is allowed by IMO, however not anticipated

 Life Cycle C
Conforming to IMO Rules

Life cycle costs (LCC)

l An initial glance suggests the coating Calculation for coating systems
performance standard will increase the cost
of a Newbuilding. That is certainly true.
Establish
There will be increased costs, from inspection expected life time
work, possible longer delivery times, washing
and extra cleaning procedures, increasing
considerably the cost of a newbuilding. So what
Establish all costs
does that mean for the ship owner? A higher for maintenance
initial outlay.

l In the long term the ballast tanks will remain

in good condition. This means a better second Establish inflation and
hand value or simply longer life before major
interest rates
maintenance is required.

l Life cycle cost is a complicated issue and

Establish repair
has many different facets depending upon
intervals and % of
the individual driving economic factors. For area to be repaired
example, major maintenance after year 10
or 12 may not seem to be so expensive when
compared to the extra cost – but what about
the out of service time? If the life can be
extended by 3 to 5 years, how does that l Damage will occur in the operational life of a
compare to the initial outlay?
ballast tank and a sacrificial anode can be used
l The life cycle cost analysis example does as an indicator of damage having occurred
not represent an exact cost under the new whilst also protecting the bare steel. The
coating standards as in practice this will vary standard does not require the use of sacrificial
considerably from yard to yard. However it anodes but does require the coating to be
does include the use of sacrificial anodes. compatible with them.


ost analysis
is a long term investment

Elements in the m2 cost

1 Rigging, material transport LCC Cost – Total Protection 25 years
US$
2 Scaffolding 280k

3 Covering/masking 250k
220k

4 Degreasing 185k
155k
5 Cleaning 125k
95k
6 Steel work 60k
30k
7 Surface preparation 0
Cost of application, newbuilding
8 Application
Cost of maintenance
9 Inspection
10 Paint material
11 Abrasives System 1
1st application & maintenance: Coal tar epoxy
12 Degreaser After 15 years: Blast cleaning
13 Other costs (hotel, travel etc) From year 5 to end of life: Anodes installed for protection

System 2
1st application & maintenance: Coal tar epoxy until 15 years
After 15 years: Descaling and steel repair
Further maintenance: Balloxy HB Light
From year 5 to end of life: Anodes installed for protection

System 3
1st application at newbuild: Jotacote Universal
thereafter maintenance with: Balloxy HB Light
Anodes installed for protection
at newbuilding stage


 Conforming to the IMO rules

THE IMO RULES – SURFACE PREPARATION

PRIMARY SURFACE PREPARATION

When no shopprimer is used or it has deteriorated:
• Sa 2½ with profiles between 30–75 µm
• Blasting not to be carried out:
when relative humidity exceeds 85%
when the steel surface is less than 3ºC above the dew point

Zinc containing silicate shopprimer shall be compatible with the

main coating system:
• Coating manufacturer to confirm
• Shopprimer must be pre-qualified with an epoxy based
system and can be used with any other epoxy based system
that is approved

Soluble salts:
• 50 mg/m2 of sodium chloride (NaCI)

Acceptable dust level:

• ISO 8502-3 tape test. Maximum dust level 1
Majority of blisters have been noted and broken
with waterjetting – no evidence of pitting.
SECONDARY SURFACE PREPARATION
Steel shall be prepared so that the coating can be applied and
perform in accordance with the given specification:
• Remove sharp edges, weld spatter and any other
contamination in accordance with ISO 8501-3
• Edges to be rounded to a minimum 2 mm radius
• No oil contamination
• No abrasive inclusions
• Otherwise the same as Primary Surface Preparation

Surface treatment after erection:

• Small damages up to 2% of total area St 3
• Continuous damages over 25 m2 or over 2% of the total
area of the tank Sa 2½

Prior to waterjetting, paint breakdown around

access. Substrate exhibits minimum pitting.

10
– on surface preparation

Jotun’s Ballast Tank Protection will ensure compliance with

surface preparation and much more

l Surface preparation, quite correctly, has the l Today we see a wide variation in the quality
highest level of attention in the performance of preparation and vessels beginning major
standard. The lifetime of a good coating is ballast tank maintenance can be from as
directly related to the cleanliness and quality of young as 8 years and up to 15 years. This
the surface to which it is applied. This is a well shows the need for a rationalisation of
known fact. qualities in the industry. The standard may
well be considered extreme from many points
l More than 10 years ago DNV produced
of view but with planning and support, by all
‘Corrosion Protection of Ships July 1996’
involved, solutions are possible.
Guidelines No. 8, which pointed out the
benefits of cleanliness, stating stated at that
time that this could add 5 years or more to
the life expectancy, although that included an
increase in dry film thickness.

l The level of cleanliness and surface preparation

has been high for many years in some
newbuilding yards these new standards take the
Newbuilding industry into a whole new world.
It is required that all aspects of the cleaning,
such as dust levels, salt levels, oil contamination
and abrasive inclusions shall be assessed and
clear evidence given in the coating technical file.
Just this inspection creates the need for extra The circular effect of the waterjetting equipment
manpower and cost, from all parties involved in leaves distinctive shapes which can be seen on the
bulkhead.
the Newbuilding.

11
 Conforming to the IMO rules

THE IMO RULES – COATING INSPECTION

• The Coating Advisor to be NACE II or FROSIO red certified

• Inspection shall include but not be limited to:

- surface preparation at all stages
- DFT at all stages
- cure of all coatings including the shopprimer
- block assembly and erection:
- visual inspection prior to and after surface preparation
- all standard measurables, as detailed in the standard

THE IMO RULES – DFT CONTROL

Measurements to include but not limited to:

• At least one measurement per 5m2 of flat surface area

• At least one measurement at 2–3 metre intervals and at

15 mm from the edges of tank boundaries

• Longitudinal and transverse stiffener members and main

supporting members:
- measurements according to drawings – in the standard at
2–3 metre intervals
- not less than 3 sets between main supporting members,
one set at each end, one at the mid-point

• Around openings, one set per side

• 5 measurements per m2 but not less than 3 on complex

areas such as large brackets of main members

• Additional measurements as seen fit by the coatings advisor

12
– for coating inspection

Jotun’s Team No.1 will ensure inspections are to the

standards demanded by IMO rules and much more

l Inspection is the core to the coating standard. In the same

way that a full service history is important for a car, so it is
with the ballast tank condition. With a complete coating
technical file, this will be mandatory. The vessel will have
higher value compared to those which do not.

l Inspection is a cost driving factor but this is the guarantee

proof that the vessel has been coated correctly and will
perform accordingly.

l The inspection of the surface prior to coating is equally

important as the inspection after coating. The two aspects
go hand in hand to ensure high quality. New methods for
carrying out inspection are required to enable speed and
quality of inspection meeting the standards.

l The use of Ultra Violet lamps is becoming much more

normal for the inspection of dust, oil contamination and
even pin-hole detection, which speeds up normally slow
impractical test procedures.

l Destructive testing shall be avoided whenever possible and

where and when to control coating film thickness is specified
in detail. All this must be included in the coating technical
file, so testing must be logged in such a way that the test area
is detailed and can be re-traced. Defects found during these
inspections shall be documented, repaired and the repair
subsequently documented.

13
 Conforming to the IMO rule

THE IMO RULES – COATINGS JOTUN BALLAST TANK COATINGS

Jotacote Balloxy
COATING TYPE
Universal HB light

• To be an Epoxy based system including Epoxy Mastics Pure epoxy Epoxy mastic

• Other systems with performance that meets the test procedures –

N/A N/A
for example the products of new technology

• To be a multi-coat system with contrasting colours Conforms Conforms

• The final coat to be a light colour to ease inspection Conforms Conforms

PRE-QUALIFICATION

• To have B1 approval Conforms Conforms

• To provide a 5 year in-service history with class notation of ’Good’

Conforms Conforms
after a 5 year inspection

SPECIFICATION

Film thickness. Nominal DFT requirement:

Conforms Conforms
• 320 µm and 90/10 rule

Number of coats:

• 2 full coats and 2 stripe coats with epoxy coatings Conforms Conforms

• First stripe coat to be extensive, second coat according to the

Conforms Conforms
need for thickness or not

• Can be evaluated with new technologies in line with specified testing N/A N/A

• Brush for stripe coats (roller accepted for scallops and rat holes) Conforms Conforms

14
les – on coating quality

l Coatings will have to conform to a minimum quality. The coating standard is very specific in this case with
pre-qualification based on three criteria.
l Existing products that have been in use for more than 5 years on a Newbuilding should demonstrate that
they have provided sufficient protection. At the 5 year class survey the ballast tanks should have been rated as
‘Good’ according to the IACS definition are pre-qualified.
l For existing (pre Coating Performance Standard coming into force) coatings that have been tested according
to the DNV (Marintek) test procedure and been awarded classification B1, these coatings are pre-qualified.
l For new coatings after the Coating Performance Standard comes into force, they are required to pass the
Ballast Tank test procedure laid out in the standard. This is a further development of the earlier Marintek
simulated ballast tank test. The testing includes a simulated Ballast Tank Test and a condensation chamber
test where adhesion, rust and blister levels are the criteria for pass or fail.
l Other basic requirements are also mandatory in the coating standard. The coating shall be applied in two full
coats where the final colour shall be light in colour. It is also required that stripe coating shall be applied by
brush or roller, meaning the coating shall be useable with a brush or roller as well as spray equipment (roller is
accepted for scallops and rat holes only).

Jotun’s Ballast Tank Protection –

world proven coating quality –
ensuring compliance and much more

15
 Recommended Bal
Newbuilding an
Meeting your

Jotacote Universal
specially designed
for new buildings

Water ballast tanks are known to be susceptible to coating

degradation and corrosion attack. In these areas corrosion can

quickly result in rapid deterioration of the steel and eventually lead to

structural failures. The right choice of anti-corrosive primer for these

areas is of the utmost importance if the vessel is to achieve a long life.

JOTACOTE UNIVERSAL SOLUTION

Jotacote Universal offers the highest level of corrosion protection of

water ballast tanks. It has achieved B1 in the DNV certification for

ballast tanks. The light buff colour provides two primary advantages

– easier application and improved conditions for inspection.

16
last Tank Products
d Maintenance
exact needs

Balloxy HB Light
formulated specially
for ballast tanks

The harsh environments experienced in service, the complexity of tank

structure and the difficulties of access combine to make ballast tanks

one of the most costly areas to protect. They are dark, humid and
dirty, repairs are not easy.

Good pre-treatment and consistency in application of the coating at

the correct film thickness are often difficult to achieve because of poor

light, inaccessibility and the very humid conditions.

BALLOXY HB LIGHT SOLUTION

Balloxy HB Light has been specially designed to combat the problems

presented by the ballast tank environment and has proven to be a

leader in ballast tank protection.

17
 Compliant Balla
Jotacote Universal
Jotacote Universal is a two-pack, abrasion
resistant, high solids, pure epoxy based coating.

Anti-corrosion
l Specially designed as an anti-corrosive
primer for newbuildings.

l A special selection of pure epoxy and

curing agent ensures optimum corrosion
protection at newbuilding.

l Tested against cathodic disbondment,

Jotacote Universal is proven to give
excellent resistance and is therefore perfect
for use in combination with cathodic
protection.

l During ballast tank simulation tests

Jotacote Universal achieved the rating
Class B1 when tested by DNV (B1 is the
best rating, B6 is the worst).
Abrasion resistance
l Designed to withstand strong mechanical
impact and offers a truly high level of
resistance to any kind of abrasion.

l Compared with the leading competitor

primer in two separate tests, the results
showed Jotacote Universal to be best in
class.
Both tests showed significant differences,
including up to 25% better performance by
Jotacote Universal. Clearly this identifies a
benefit for a vessel in operation.

18
ast Tank Product
for Newbuildings

Drying time
Using cutting edge technology, Jotacote
Universal has a high level of cross linking
which allows curing to take place over a
large temperature range. This permits fast
overcoating and early handling without
damaging the coating.

Dry to recoat – Minimum

Hours
24
21
18
Abrasion resistance 15
Test 1 Test 2 12
Jotacote Universal Jotacote Universal 9
25% better 8% better
performance performance 6
mg 3
120 0
110 -5 0 +5 +10 +23 +40
100 Temperature ºC
90
80
Weight loss mg
1000 cycles, 1000 grams load
Leading competitor primer
Jotacote Universal

19
 Compliant Balla
Balloxy HB Light

Exceeds the requirements

of IMO, SOLAS and
IACS regulations and
recommendations
Protects in excess of 70
million square metres of
ballast tanks worldwide
An unrivalled
track record of success
Undoubtedly
the world’s best known
ballast tank coating

l The harsh environments experienced in service, l Corrosion starts at recognised weak spots,
the complexity of tank structure and the particularly sharp edges and welding seams and
difficulties of access combine to make ballast areas subject to intermittent wet and dry cycles
tanks one of the most costly areas to protect at of aerated water.
both newbuilding and maintenance. They are l The combination of confined space, poor light
dark, humid and dirty, repairs are not easy.
and difficult to reach places can mean vital
l Good pre-treatment and consistency in areas are left with insufficient protection.
application of the coating at the correct film l Specially designed to combat the problems
thickness are often difficult to achieve because
presented by the ballast tank environment
of poor light, inaccessibility and the very
and has proven to be a leader in ballast tank
humid conditions.
protection.

20
st Tank Product
for Maintenance
Light colours improve painting
conditions
l Alternate coats of different colours help the
applicator to see better.
l Better vision helps make the coats easier to apply.
l Alternate colours for stripe coats on difficult
areas ensures better protection – the previous
coat is easier to see.
l Alternate colours overcome poor paint
coverage, reducing the risk of missed or
insufficient coverage.
l Alternate colours simplify inspections and help
identify weak spots.

Mixing control helps from

the start
l Dark conditions in a ballast tank make it
difficult to see.
l Insufficiently mixed paint will affect protective
performance.
l Balloxy HB Light – two components, different
colours.
l Until sufficiently mixed a ‘zebra’ pattern appears.
Save on preparation
Apply directly to:
Save on application
l Correctly mixed colour is constant and ready to use.
l Blast cleaned prepared surfaces
l High solids by volume allows 300 µm in one
l Hand tool prepared surfaces
coat without sagging.
l Disc prepared surfaces
l Thicker coats mean fewer coats.
l Water jetting prepared surfaces
l Two 150–200 µm coats provide optimum
protection.
l Moisture tolerance enables application in moist
conditions – work can start earlier, downtime
reduced.
l Apply by airless spray, roller or brush.

21
 Compliant Ballast Tank Produ
Saving up to 50%
Pin hole/holiday detection
l Balloxy HB Light and Jotacote Universal l The effect can be photographed at any
provide the benefit of being available in a stage and used as documentation both
luminous version. to show the defects and that the repair
l Optically active pigment is added to the has been done satisfactorily. This is a
coating which reacts to a specific frequency
requirement in the coating standard.
of ultra violet light.
l Other methods for pin-hole detection
l The first coat applied in a two coat system
such as sponge/spark testing require
contains the luminous pigment. When the
UV light is shone on the surface it glows contact with the surface and is very time
a green colour. Where the colour is patchy consuming.
or where there are black spots there is low
The visual method allows a quicker survey and
film thickness or pin holes/holidays.
speeds up the inspection and eventual repairing by
l The second coat does not contain the
up to 50% compared to other methods. (See photos
luminous pigment. Therefore under the UV
of examples below and left).
light, should there be any patch glowing or
‘stars’ shinning through, low film thickness
or pin holes/holidays in the second coat are
present.

Final inspection after second coat: Under the UV

lamp defective areas show as bright spots.
Second coat of Balloxy HB Light under UV light:
Shows low dry film thickness on the edge as a bright
line, proving the need for a stripe coat.

22
ucts – simplifying inspection
in inspection time
DFT control
l Balloxy HB Light and Jotacote Universal form, the Luminous version can be used
are available with hiding control benefits. to exaggerate this effect, by lighting up the

l
surface with the UV lamp. If any of the
The light colour is designed to not cover
underlying coating ‘shines’ through there is
the previous coat until more than 100 µm
less than 100 µm DFT.
DFT (dry equivalent) has been achieved.
l One more pass will provide the 160 µm
l If there are difficult painting conditions
DFT specified by the coating standards.
in a ballast tank or a ballast tank in block

Uncoated black and white substrate. Not reached opacity: Reached opacity:
140 µm wet film (100 DFT). 225 µm wet film (160 DFT).
Jotacote Universal Buff example. Jotacote Universal Buff example.

23
 A Guide to Ballast
30 important Quest
Q1 What are the changes (from present situation) Q10 What about surface preparation – do we
regarding preparation? require blasting?
A There will not be significant changes to the methods A Blasting the shopprimer (Sa2 70% of intact
used but salt and dust levels are strict and the shopprimer) is required only if the shopprimer is not
requirement for checking quality is greater. pre-qualified or not compatible with the ballast tank
coating.
Q2 When do the changes take effect?
A Contracts signed on or after 1st July 2008. Q11 Benefits of pure epoxy over epoxy mastic and
the reverse of same question?
Q3 Are Epoxy Mastics or Pure Epoxies or A In general epoxy mastics are more surface tolerant
alternatives to be used? than pure epoxies and are better for maintenance.
Pure epoxies tend to be faster drying and more
A All Epoxies having a B1 pre-qualification, or
suitable in the high speed environment of
5 years ‘good’ experience in existing ballast tanks
Newbuilding shipyards. Both can provide good
can be used. New technology will have to pass
ballast tank protection.
pre-qualification testing.

Q12 What quality of prep is needed to get a 15 to

Q4 What about stripe coating?
20 years life in the ballast tank?
A Two stripe coats shall be applied by brush on all
A Life extension from 15 to 20 years will require
sharp edges, welds etc…, roller is allowed for
maintenance throughout the service life of the
scallops and rat holes. The second stripe coat shall
vessel. Not allowing damages to become a problem.
only be applied if required to reach the specified DFT.
Cathodic protection and regular inspections will aid
this process.
Q5 Salt contamination after blasting: what is the
location in ballast tank for tests required?
Q13 Can we apply over damp substrates?
A The standard does not specify. Jotun coating advisors
A Definition of damp is important as no coatings
are given training of typical areas that should be
should be applied on water by spray. Some coatings
tested.
are moisture tolerant but each case should be
discussed with your local Jotun contact.
Q6 Who is supposed to be in charge for the
recording and filling in of all operation steps
Q14 What level of inspection is required for new
(RH, DP, salt tests, profile, DFT, etc...)?
IMO rules?
A The projects Coating Inspector is responsible, who
A Considerable inspection requirements are needed
this is, is not specified. However it is expected to be a
with a high focus on reporting. Specified, in detail, in
yard representative.
the coating standard.
Q7 Do Jotun systems have a B1 certificate?
Q15 If shopprimer is from one supplier, does this
A Yes. mean we have to use the same supplier for the
rest of the system?
Q8 Are Jotun systems in compliance with the A No, if the shopprimer is pre-qualified with one system
latest IMO rules? it can be used with any other system that is
A Yes. pre-qualified. Provided that the paint supplier
confirms compatibility.
Q9 What is the expected lifetime for the system?
A As per the standard we expect that the coating Q16 How do we ensure new DFTs are achieved
system in accordance with the standards procedure without over application in welds etc which
will have an expected lifetime in excess of 15 causes cracking?
years assuming normal operation, prior to major A With the use of the thickness control technique,
maintenance. the painters can limit the thickness to the lowest
possible level without being too low either.

24
Tank Protection
tions and Answers
Q17 What does it mean ‘adequate’ technical Q23 After applying ballast tank coating to my
assistance provided by the paint ship once, when will the next survey be?
manufactures? Which society will be the responsible for
A This is a matter of discussion between all the relevant the survey (class society, port state control,
parties prior to the contracts being signed. certified inspectors etc.)?
A There is no change in the inspection rules. So at
Q18 The second stripe coat on the seams may Newbuilding the first inspection other than by
be omitted if proven that NDFT may be owners is class at 5 years.
achieved. How easy is it to prove thickness
over welding seams? Q24 Should I support my ballast tank coating
A Not easy to measure but if immediate surrounding with cathodic protection? Who shall decide
area is OK then it is reasonable to accept the the paint and cathodic system in my ballast
weld itself. This should be done by an experienced tank?
inspector as this may not be the case and needs a A It is always recommended to use sacrificial anodes,
visual assessment in addition. whenever safe and practical. Design at Newbuilding
stage should be by the supplier of the SACP system
Q19 During the primary surface preparation based on minimum current requirement.
(carried out in shop priming plants)
and preheated steel why is humidity and Q25 What will be the minimum surface
temperature relevant? How feasible is the preparation for the existing ships to apply
measurement of the profile in automatic ballast tank coatings?
shop priming plants after blasting and A This is not covered by the standard.
before painting? Why is there no limit in the
standards about soluble salts in the grit which
is usually recycled? Q26 My ballast tanks have coal tar epoxy coatings.
What should I do with the new regulations
A The standard allows for steel, not shopprimed in a – re-coat?
shoppriming plant, therefore humidity and temperature is
important. The profile is measured in most shoppriming A The standard does not cover existing vessels.
plant on a spot basis, as should be the salt level of the
steel prior to shopprimer being applied. If the salt content Q27 With the new regulations, should I have the
of the grit is too high this is shown up by the salt test on approval of the paint plan from my class society
the steel. Therefore many shoppriming plants do test the belonging to my Newbuilding project before
grit themselves for salt content. applying?
A Yes, after the dates set in the standard.
Q20 In the secondary surface preparation
blasting Sa 21/2 is addressed for the damaged Q28 During the survey of ballast tanks after a
shopprimer. There is a need to specifically certain time, what will be the points of the
define damage of the shopprimer as the class societies to inspect? What will be the
builders usually consider only mechanical rate of acceptable failure in the tanks?
damages. What about white rust? A No change from today. If condition deteriorates
A This is where the qualified coating advisors and below the IACS defined ‘good’ condition, work is
coating inspector come in. Not all tasks are possible required to bring the tanks to standard.
to write down in a standard and only experience and
knowledge is good enough. Q29 How shall the maintenance operations,
handled by the crew, be evaluated? Will
Q21 Who is going to play the role of the the inspection of the crew be approved or
‘independent’ third party for the approval of another society will be asked for inspection?
painting system since classification societies A The standard class inspections will determine
do not accept such role? condition. Maintenance is not covered within the
A There is no specification for a third party for coating standard.
inspection, rather a Coating Inspector. See Q6.
Q30 Do you have more questions?
Q22 What about maximum DFT? A Contact your local Jotun office, they will be pleased
A The standard states that the maximum DFT should be to help.
set by the coating manufacturer.
25
 A Guide to Ballast
Experience gained in
more than 70m sq m of

Offices in 67 countries 39 production facilities globally

Jotun is a leader in marine coatings, protective coatings and decorative paints

with a world class reputation for teamwork, quality, reliability and friendliness. It
provides its customers with responsible and effective global technical advice and
back-up service combined with a commitment to stretch forward to reach the
boundaries of people and product performance.

In the marine sector Jotun Paints has 5 decades of unrivalled experience in

protecting more than 15,000 vessels. Its products are proven in every sea in the
world, on every part of any vessel and in any trade. FROSIO, NACE or similar
accredited coatings inspectors are readily available wherever a vessel is built or
drydocked.

26
Tank Protection
the protection of
ballast tanks worldwide

5,000 employees Worldwide service and support

From offices in 67 countries and 39 production facilities, Jotun assists and advises
customers on the most effective solutions to the prevention of corrosion in
ballast tanks – and this worldwide team is on-hand to ensure compliance with
pretreatment procedures and application standards.

Jotun has a special expertise in the science and technology of corrosion

prevention. It is built on investment, innovation and the practical knowledge
earned in the protection of more than 70 million square metres of ballast tanks
throughout the world.

Jotun’s Ballast Tank Protection –

world proven coating quality –
ensuring compliance and much more

27
Jotun worldwide
ARGENTINA GERMANY MALTA SOUTH AFRICA
Centromar I.C.S.A. Jotun (Deutschland) GmbH Jotun Paints South Africa (PTY) Ltd.
Cotor Services Ltd. Wimbledon Road, P.O.Box 187
Olavarria No.2031 Winsbergring 25,
2 Eagle Alley BLACKHEATH 7581
(1288) BUENOS AIRES 22525 HAMBURG
MARSA HMR06 Tel: +27 21 905 1070/21 905 1750
Cap. Federal Tel: +49 40 851960
Tel: +356 212 268 85 Fax: +27 21 905 1652
Tel: +54 11 43 02 73 33 Fax: +49 40 856234
Fax: +356 212 205 97
Fax: +54 11 43 01 00 94 SPAIN
GREAT BRITAIN
THE NETHERLANDS Jotun Iberica S.A.
AUSTRALIA Jotun Paints (Europe) Ltd.
Jotun B.V. Poligon Santa Rita
Jotun Australia Pty. Ltd., Matheson House
P.O.Box 208 Calle Estatica no. 3
P.O.Box 105, Altona North, 142 Minories, LONDON EC3N 1LB 08755 Castellbisbal
3200 AE SPIJKENISSE
9 Cawley Road, Tel: +44 20 7481 2741 BARCELONA
Visiting address: Newtonweg 17A
BROOKLYN, VIC 3025 Fax: +44 20 7265 1836 Tel: +34 93 771 18 00
3208 KD SPIJKENISSE
Tel: +61 3 9314 0722 Fax: +34 93 771 18 01
GREECE Tel: +31 181 67 83 00
Fax: +61 3 9314 0423
Jotun Hellas Ltd. Fax: +31 181 61 78 99 SWEDEN
BAHRAIN Skouze 26 str., Jotun Sverige AB
NORWAY
Jotun Paints PIREAUS 185 36 P.O.Box 151
Jotun A/S Klangfärgsgatan 13,
c/o A.K. Al Moayed Tel: +30 210 42 85 980-82/210 42 86 035-37
P.O.Box 2021, 421 22 VÄSTRA FRÖLUNDA
P.O.Box 363, MANAMA Fax: +30 210 42 85 983
3248 SANDEFJORD Tel: 46 31 69 63 00
Tel: +973 729 311
ICELAND Tel: +47 33 45 70 00 Fax: 46 31 69 63 97
Fax: +973 825 641
Màlning HF Fax: +47 33 45 79 00
BRAZIL Dalvegur 18 THAILAND
OMAN Jotun Thailand Ltd
Jotun Brasil Imp.Exp.e Industria de Tintas Ltda. 201 KOPAVOGUR
Jotun Paints Co. LLC Amata Nakom Ind. Estate
Estrada São Lourenco, no 751 Capivari, Tel: +354 580 6000
P.O.Box 672 CPO, Postal Code 111, (BIPII) 700/353 Moo 6 Tumbol
25243-150 Duque de Caxias - RJ Fax: +354 580 6020
MUSCAT Donhualoh Amphur Muang
RIO DE JANEIRO CHONBURI 2000
INDIA Visiting address:
Tel: +55 21 2776 1313 Tel: +66 38 214 824-6/214 347-51
Jotun (Singapore) Pte Ltd Rusayl Ind. Estate, Road No.10
Fax: +55 21 2776 2263 Fax: +66 38 214 373/214375
India Branch Office MUSCAT
BULGARIA No.1 Alsa Mall, 3rd Floor Tel: +968 62 61 00 TURKEY
Bulmar Consult 149 Montieth Road, Egmore Fax: +968 62 61 05 Jotun Boya San. ve Ticaret. A.S.
10 Okolchitza str., CHENNAI - 600 008 Yeni Camlik Cad. Ayaz Sok.
PANAMA
VARNA 9000 Tel: +91 44 2841 9420 / 2851 0861 No. 2/4, 4. Levent 80660
Panama Marine Products & Services ISTANBUL.
Tel: +359 52 600 991 Fax: +91 44 2841 9513
Francefield Bldg. 54 Tel: +90 212 279 7878
Fax: +359 52 600 992
INDONESIA PANAMA Fax: +90 212 279 2549
CHILE P.T. Jotun Indonesia Paints & Chemicals Tel: +507 430 52 33
Industrias Ceresita S.A. Jln Daan Mogot KM 12.5 Fax: +507 430 05 64 U. A. E.
Gabriel Palma 820, Casilla 237, JAKARTA 11730 Abu Dhabi
PHILIPPINES Jotun Abu Dhabi (LLC)
SANTIAGO Tel: +62 21 6195302
Jotun S’pore Pte. Ltd - P.O.Box 3714
Tel: +56 2 5849200 Fax: +62 21 6197080
Philippines Branch Office, Unit 105/106, ABU DHABI
Fax: +56 2 6212427
IRELAND Don Jesus Blvd, Kentucky Drive, Alabang Hill, Tel: +971 2 5510300
P.R. of CHINA Jotun (Ireland) Ltd., Muntinlupa City Fax: +971 2 5510232
Jotun COSCO Marine Coatings Co. Ltd. Unit K7, Marina Commercial Park, METRO MANILA 1771 DUBAI
Jotun Coatings (Zhangjiagang FTZ) Trading Co. Ltd. Centre Park Road, Tel/Fax: +63 2 809 7497 Jotun U.A.E. Ltd. (LLC)
Room 709-12, Goldlion Digital Network Centre, CORK P.O.Box 3671,
POLAND
138 Tiyu Road East, Tel: +353 214 965955 Al Quoz Industrial Area
Jotun Polska Sp.zo.o.
GUANGZHOU, 510620 Fax: +353 214 965992 DUBAI
ul. Grunwaldzka 12-16/1,
Tel: +86 20 38 78 07 49 Tel: +971 4 339 5000
ITALY 81-759 SOPOT
Fax: +86 20 38 78 19 66 Fax: +971 4 338 0666
Jotun Italia S.P.A. Tel: +48 58 5551515
Jotun COSCO Marine Coatings Co. Ltd. Via Petronio, 8, Zona Ind. Noghere Fax: +48 58 5551616 URUGUAY
Jotun Coatings (Zhangjiagang FTZ) Trading Co. Ltd. 34147 - MUGGIA (TRIESTE) Centromar I.C.S.A.
PORTUGAL F.A. De Figueroa 2192,
Floor 20, Jiu Shi Mansions, Tel: +39 040 23 98204
Jotun Iberica SA. (Suc. Portugal) Casilla De Correo 1097,
No. 28 Zhong Shan Road (South) Fax: +39 040 23 98222
Estrada Vale ede Mulatas 11800 MONTEVIDEO
SHANGHAI 200010
JAPAN Armazern no. 5 Tel: +598 2924 4221
Tel: +86 21 6333 080 0
NKM Coatings Co., Ltd. 2910-338 SETUBAL Fax: +598 2924 4225
Fax: +86 21 6326 968 6
29-1, Nihisi-Gotanda 1-Chome Tel: +351 265 708 910
USA
HONG KONG Shinagawa-Ku Fax: +351 265 708 563 Jotun Paints, Inc.

Designed and produced by RMP Design & Marketing Ltd, Hull, England. www.rmpdesign.com Warecode 8MM0538525/1006/5K
Jotun COSCO Marine Coatings (H.K.) Limited. TOKYO 141-0031 9203 Highway 23, PO Box 159,
QATAR
Room 1208, 12/F, Stanhope House Tel: +81 3 5759 6261 Belle Chasse, LA 70037
Jotun Paints Qatar
734 King's Road, Quarry Bay Fax: +81 3 5759 6361 Tel: +1 800 229 3538
P.O.Box 24373
HONG KONG +1 504 394 3538
KOREA DOHA
Tel: +852 2527 6466 Fax: +1 504 394 3726
Chokwang-Jotun Ltd. Tel: +974 4 412977
Fax: +852 2861 1307
119-9, Bukjung-Dong, Yangsan City Fax: +974 4 415608 VIETNAM
KYUNGNAM 626-110. Jotun Paints (Vietnam) Co. Ltd.
DENMARK ROMANIA
Tel: 82 55 38 56 600 Song Than Industrial. Zone,
Jotun Danmark A/S Representative Office, Jotun Paints Turkey No.1 Street 10
Fax: 82 55 38 67 742
Tornerosevej 127 Str, Nicolae Jorga Nr 113A Di An District
DK - 2730 HERLEV. KUWAIT 8700 CONSTANTA Binh Duong Province
Tel: +45 44 92 94 00 Jotun U.A.E. Ltd. LLC Tel: +40 241 516987 Tel: +84 65 0742206/7/8/9
Fax: +45 44 92 94 01 c/o W.J. Towell & Co. Fax: +40 241 513863 Fax: +84 65 0742205
P.O.Box 75 Mobile: +40 722 230961
EGYPT YEMEN
SAFAT 13001
El Mohandes Jotun S.A.E. RUSSIA Jotun Yemen Paints Co. Ltd
Tel: 965 4743014 P.O. Box 70183
El Sheikh Aly Gad El Haq Street Jotun Paints O.O.O.
Fax: 965 4730608 ADEN
Florida Mall Stachek Avenue 57, No.30
Masaken Sheraton – 4th Floor KUWAIT 198096 ST. PETERSBURG Tel: +967 2 249 360/1
CAIRO Jotun U.A.E. Ltd. LLC Tel: +7 812 785 09 46 Fax: +967 2 249 362
Tel:+20 226 518 00 c/o W.J. Towell & Co. Fax: +7 812 783 0525
Fax:+20 226 518 01 P.O.Box 75
SAUDI ARABIA
SAFAT 13001
FINLAND Jotun Saudia Co. Ltd.
Tel: 965 4743014
Nor-Maali OY Jeddah Industrial City, Phase 3,
Fax: 965 4730608
Vanhatie 20, 15240 LAHTI P.O.Box 34698
Tel: +358 3 874 650 LEBANON JEDDAH 21478
Fax: +358 3 874 6550 Jotun Lebanon Tel: +966 2 63 61 271 www.jotun.com
c/o Solutions S.A.R.L. Fax: +966 2 63 62 483
FRANCE
P.O.Box 13-6510 HEAD OFFICE
Jotun France S.A. SINGAPORE
BEIRUT Jotun A/S
22/24 Rue du President Wilson, Bat.A Jotun (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.
Tel: +961 179 271 6 P.O.Box 2021, 3248 SANDEFJORD,
92300 LEVALLOIS PERRET 11-15 Sixth Lok Yang Road,
Fax: +961 179 513 6 Norway
Tel: +33 1 4519 3882 Jurong, SINGAPORE 628111
Fax: +33 1 4519 3894 Tel: +47 33 45 70 00
Tel: +65 6 265 4711
Fax: +47 33 45 79 00
Fax: +65 6 265 7484