International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Research

ISSN: 2455-4685
www.pharmacyresearchjournal.com
Volume 1; Issue 2; February 2016; Page No. 15-20

Piper longum Linn. : Application of Stem cutting for rapid vegetative propagation in herbal garden
D. K. Patel
Department of Rural Technology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India.

Abstract
Plants growth pattern and behavior are variable and specific among the different plant species of different habitat. This variation
participates their role in formation of plant diversity and further it is marked as a component of biodiversity.
For maintaining of existence of life by the plants there are several adoptions are found in the variety of plants. They are multiplying
using many methods like by seeds and vegetative parts. This tendency of the plants in nature supporting their continuous occurrence
in nature.
Present study is a purpose of to know about the vegetative propagation using stem cutting of the Piper longum Linn. The study made
in herbal garden where stem cuttings of the plants were grown in selected and prepared poly bags by supporting their requirements
to develop new individuals.

Keywords: Piper longum Linn. Stem cutting, Vegetative propagation, Herbal Garden.

1. Introduction propagation, optimal growth conditions and fruit formation of

Richness of species diversity in certain ecological areas are key the medicinal plant Piper longum L.
factors for the composition of the biodiversity. Plant diversity Chemistry and pharmacology of Piper longum L was studied by
performing their efficient role in structure of biodiversity. Zaveri 2010 [21]. Greig 1993 [12] noticed on regeneration mode in
Occurrence of the plants and their types associated with many neotropical Piper: habitat and species comparisons. Kanta 1962
[13]
factors such as biotic and abiotic components. recorded on morphology and embryology of Piper. Nigrum
Alteration of the above factors affecting plant diversity/growth L. Gartner 1989 [11] studied on breakage and regrowth of Piper
and development etc. Natural regeneration of the varied plant species in rain forest understory. Lee et al. 2001 [14] studied on
species is supporting the diversity of the plants. For the same fungicidal activity of Pipernonaline, a Piperidine alkaloid
purpose to prevent their existence in nature plants are adapted to derived from fruits of long pepper, Piper longum, against
grow and multiply by several methods like by seeds and also by phytopathogenic fungi. Nahak and Sahu 2011 [15] analyzed on
the vegetative plant parts or their modified forms such as bulb, phytochemical evaluation and antioxidant activity of Piper
tuber, rhizome corm etc. With the application of the above cubeba and Piper nigrum.
methods plants are regenerating itself in their natural habitat. The Piperaceae - a family profile made by Yuncker 1958 [20].
Current study focus on the vegetative propagation of Piper Padhan 2015 [16] observed on regeneration of plantlets of Piper
longum Linn. In poly bags at herbal garden in university campus longum L. through in vitro culture from nodal segments. Parmar
aimed for their rapid propagation as well as for conservation et al. 1998 found on polyphenols and alkaloids from Piper
purpose. Continuous cultivation, protection against adverse species. Sarasan et al. 1993 [18] studied on plant regeneration in
condition, control on over exploitation etc are leading factors for Piper longum L. (Piperaceae) through direct and indirect shoot
plant conservation in certain ecological areas. development. Sunila and Kuttan 2004 [19] studied on
Bisht 1963 observed pharmacognosy of piplamul- the root & immunomodulatory and antitumor activity of Piper longum
stem of Piper longum. Abbasi et al. 2010 [1] observed Linn and Piperine.
conventional and modern propagation techniques in Piper
nigrum. Agrawal et al. 2000 [2] noticed effect of Piper longum, 2. Material and Methods
Zingiber officinale Linn and ferula species on gastric ulceration It is Weak, herbaceous plant of a rich medicinal values and is
and secretion in rats. Atal et al. 1984 [3] analyzed biochemical efficiently propagating by the vegetative modes using the stem
basis of enhanced drug bio-availability by Piperine. Bhat et al. cuttings with proper supply of water. Present study carried out
1995 [4] studied plant regeneration from various explants of in herbal garden where fifty poly bags were used for its
cultivated Piper species. vegetative propagation purpose including fertile soil, sand and
Das et al. 1996 [7] analyzed alkamides and other constituents of manure mixture equally.
Piper longum. De Souza et al. 2009 [8] studied on vegetative Each one poly bags were further used as a media to grow one-
propagation in Piperaceae Species. Cikricki et al. 2008 [6] one stem cuttings of 20 cm long these were deep in five cm depth
studied on antimicrobial activity of white pepper on fungi. followed by proper water supply. In favourable environmental
Dhanukar et al. 1984 [9] socused ob efficacy of Piper longum in condition the stem cuttings further developing new root, shoot
childhood asthma. Etampawalat et al. 2002 [10] studied on to convert in to new individuals like their parental ones.

15 
 
Continuous observations made on the experiment to assessed the garden followed by supply of facilities needed for developing
need of the developing plant stems. Ten days interval images new buds, leaves and roots.
were taken to observe the changes in grown stem cuttings.
After successful development of Piper longum Linn. in poly Views on the current experiment
bags were shifted in the selected and prepared beds in herbal

18 July 2015

16 
 
 28 July 2015

8 August 2015
17 
 
 18 August 2015/20 August 2015

18 
 
 18 August 2015/20 August 2015

3. Result and Discussions 4. Acknowledgements

The plant Piper longum Linn is a creeper, herbaceous in nature I am cordially thankful to UGC-New Delhi for financial
belonging to family Piperaceae. It is well adapted to regenerate assistance (as startup research grant) to successful carry out the
its new individuals by their stem cuttings. Roots are tap, small, current research
branched and less deep in soil. Stems are long, smooth,
cylindrical, branched and weak with clear node and internodes 5. References
producing new root and buds for further development of new 1. Abbasi BH, Ahmad N, Fazal H, Mahmood T. Conventional
individuals of this plant. Leaves are petiolate, green, ovate, and modern propagation techniques in Piper nigrum.
smooth, shiny, unicosted, reticulate venation. Flowers are small Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2010; 4(1):007-012.
white – milky in colour. Fruits are long, cylindrical, rough 2. Agrawal AK, Rao CV, Sairam K, Joshi VK, Goel RK.
surface. Fruits develop from reproductive branches where Effect of Piper longum, Zingiber officinale Linn and ferula
rootlets are absent. The plant requires moderate range of water. species on gastric ulceration and secretion in rats. Indian J
Each one of the plant species is marked for the presence of Exp Biol. 2000; 38:994-998.
certain and unique medicinal properities. On the basis of 3. Atal CK, Dubey RR, Singh J. Biochemical basis of
presence of in plants are registeded for their action in treatment enhanced drug bio-availability by Piperine. Indian J
of varied disorders. Such tendency of the plant species leading Pharmacol. 1984; 16:52-54.
in their rich valuation as well as importance among the human 4. Bhat SR, Chandel KPS, Malik SK. Plant regeneration from
beings. Continuous cultivation of the Medicinal and aromatic various explants of cultivated Piper species. Plant Cell Rep.
plants for their utility as well as for economic benefits etc are 1995; 14:398-402.
playing role in their regular appearance in natural systems. 5. Bisht BS. Pharmacognosy of piplamul- the root & stem of
Vegetative propagation of the plant Piper longum Linn is Piper longum, Planta Med. 1963; 11(4):414-416.
influenced and supported by the level of moisture and shade in 6. Cikricki E, Mozioglu S, Yylmaz H. Antimicrobial activity
initial stage of plants growth in poly bags separately by using of white pepper on fungi. Rec. Nat. Prod., 2008; 2:19-24.
their stem cuttings. 7. Das B, Krishnathan A, Shrinivas KV. Alkamides and other
Present paper is a record to explain its rapid propagation using constituents of Piper longum, Planta Med., 1996;
its vegetative plant parts like mature stem cuttings. 62(6):582-584.
For the above purpose stem cuttings were applied for bag 8. De Souza LA, Moscheta IS, Mourao KSM, Albiero ALM,
nursery development of this plant which further leads its Iwazaki MD, Deoliveira JHG, Rosa SMD. Vegetative
spreading and for transfer of the plant species in varied selected Propagation in Piperaceae Species, Brazilian archives of
sites. As per need facilities provided not only to protect the biology and technology, 2009; 52(6):1357-1361.
plants but also to support the initiation of new root and shoot 9. Dhanukar SA, Karandikar SM, Desai SM. Efficacy of Piper
system from grown stem cuttings. longum in childhood asthma. Indian Drugs, 1984; 21:384-
The plant having rich efficiency to develop new drugs for 386.
application in varied diseases. A fruit of this plant includes 10. Etampawalat ERLB, Tennakoon KU, Gunatilleke CVS,
volatile oil, alkaloids, saponins, starch etc. Important chemical Gunatilleke IAUN. Studies on propagation, optimal growth
compounds are Piperine and Piplatin found to be useful in many conditions and fruit formation of the medicinal plant Piper
purpose like for antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, longum L. Cey. J. Sci. (Bio. Sci.). 2002; 30:67-77.
anti-asthmatic etc. Images were taken on different events of the 11. Gartner BL. Breakage and regrowth of Piper species in rain
experiment for proper vegetative changes in each one of the forest understory. Biotropica, 1989; 21:303-307.
plants. Undoubtedly the current study not only promotes its 12. Greig N. Regeneration mode in neotropical Piper: habitat
rapid vegetative propagation as well as supports its conservation and species comparisons. Ecology, 1993; 74:2125-2135.
for further utilization in study on different aspects. 13. Kanta K. Morphology and embryology of Piper.nigrum L.
Phytomorphology. 1962; 12:207-221.

19 
 
14. Lee S, Park B, Kim M, Choi W, Kim H, Cho K, et al.
Fungicidal activity of Pipernonaline, a Piperidine alkaloid
derived from fruits of long pepper, Piper longum, against
phytopathogenic fungi, Lee, Crop Prot. 2001; 20(6):523-
528.
15. Nahak G, Sahu RK. Phytochemical Evaluation and
Antioxidant activity of Piper cubeba and Piper nigrum
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 2011; 1(8):153-
157.
16. Padhan B. Regeneration of plantlets of Piper longum L.
through in vitro culture from nodal segments. Journal of
Applied Biology and Biotechnology. 2015; 3(5):035-039.
17. Parmar VS, Jain SC, Gupta S. Polyphenols and alkaloids
from Piper species. Phytochem. 1998; 49(4):1069-1071.
18. Sarasan V, Thomas E, Lawrence B, Nair GM. Plant
regeneration in Piper longum L. (Piperaceae) through direct
and indirect shoot development. J. Spices Arom. Crops.
1993; 2:34-40.
19. Sunila ES, Kuttan G. Immunomodulatory and antitumor
activity of Piper longum Linn. and Piperine. J.
Ethnopharmacol. 2004; 90:339-346.
20. Yuncker TG. The Piperaceae - a family profile. Brittonia,
1958; 10:1-7.
21. Zaveri M, Khandhar A, Patel S, Patel A. Chemistry and
pharmacology of Piper longum L. International Journal of
Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research. 2010;
5(1):67-76.

20