Interview Questions

QUESTIONS ON TCP/IP
1. Explain range of TCP/IP classes

Answer :
CLASS A = 1 to 126
CLASS B = 128 to 191
CLASS C = 192 to 223
CLASS D = 224 to 239 (Multicasting)
CLASS E = 240 to 255 (Research)

2. What are Pvt. IP address ?

Answer : Pvt. IP are IPs which are not used in Internet or which are not routable
in Internet. They are also called as non-routable IP's.

3. What are the range of Pvt. IP. ?

Answer :
Class A = 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
Class B = 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
Class C = 192.168.0.0. to 192.168.255.255

4. What is function of Router ?

Answer : Router is a device or PC which is used to connect two or more IP networks.

5. What is Default Gateway :

Answer : Default gateway is the address of router.

6. What is Subnet Mask ?

Answer : Subnet mask is used to differentiate Network ID and Host ID from a given IP
address. The default subnet mask are as under
 Interview Questions

Class A = 255.0.0.0
Class B = 255.255.0.0
Class C = 255.255.255.0

7. What is Loopback address ?

Answer : The loopback address is 127.0.0.1. This address is used to check local
TCP/IP suite or local machine.

8. What protocol is used by PING ?

Answer : Ping uses ICMP(Internet Control Management Protocol)

9. What is used of Tracert ?

Answer : Tracert is a to find path information between source and desitnation. It show no.
of hops between source and desitination. Tracert also uses ICMP protocol.

10. Difference between NetBEUI and TCP/IP

Answer :

TCP/IP NetBEUI
a. industry standard Microsoft propertiery
b. IP address NO addressing
c. supports routing Non routable
d. Large network small network
e. more confiugration no configuration

11. What is full form of PING ?

Answer : Packet Internet Network Gopher

 Interview Questions

BASICS OF NETWORKING
1. Difference between Switch and Hub

Switch HUB
a. Works at layer 2 works at layer 1

b. Uses MAC address for packet uses broadcast for packet forwarding
forwarding

c. Does not required CSMA/CD requires CSMA/CD

d. Faster than HUB Slower than Switch

e. Full-duplex Half-duplex

f. high throughput low throughput

2. Explain AT&T color code for straight cable and cross cable

Answer :

Orange/white
orange
green/white
blue
blue/white
green
brown/white
brown

3. what is bandwidth of of CAT5 cable

Answer : 100 Mbps

4. What is the recommanded CAT5 cable length between switch and PC ?

Answer : 100 meters

5. When to use cross cable and straight cable

 Interview Questions

Answer :

Similar device = cross cable

eg. switch to switch
PC to PC
Hub to HUB
Switch to HUB
PC to router
router to router

Unsimilar device = straight cable

eg. PC to switch
PC to HUB
Router to Switch

6. Which pins are used in CAT5 cables

Answer : pin no. 1,2,3,6

pin 1 = tx +
pin 2 = tx -
pin 3 = rx +
pin 6 = rx -

7. Difference between domain and workgroup

Answer :

Domain Workgroup
a. centralized network model decentralized network

b. Domain is controlled by DC No centrailzed control

c. Centralised login Local login

d. centrailsed user database local user databased

e. Easy and centrailsed management NA

f. good for large network good for small network

 Interview Questions

8. Different types of LAN topologies

Answer :

a. Bus topology = 10base2 (Thinnet) =

10base5 (Thicknet)

b. Star topology = 10baseT (ethernet, 10 mbps)

= 100baseTx (fastethernet, 100 mbps)
= 100baseFX (fastethernet with Fibre)
= 1000baseTX (gigabit ethernet, 1000 mbps)
= 1000basefx (gigabit ethernet with fibre)

c. WAN toplogies = PSTN (Public switched telephone network)

= ISDN (Integrated switched digital network)
= Frame Relay
= Leased Line
= DSL (Digital subscriber line)
= ATM (Async Transfer Mode)

9. Explain in short about all 7 layers of OSI

Answer :

Application layer = user interface and application

Presentation layer = Data conversion and transformation

session layer = keep data of diff. application seperately

transport layer = end to end connectivity using port numbers.

network layer = logical addressing like IP address.

Data link layer = Physical addressing like MAC address.

Physical layer = Physical transmission of data using 0's and 1's.

BASICS OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY

1. Define Active directory service?
Page No : 5
 Interview Questions

Answer : ADS is a new logical network model of windows 2000 and 2003 which
includes forest, trees, domain, etc.

2. What if forest. ?

Answer : forest is collection of single or multiple trees.

3. What is trees ?

Answer : Trees are collection of single or multiple domain arrange in hierarchy using
child-parent relationship.

4. Which authentication protocol are supported by ADS ?

Answer : NTLM and Kerberos

5. What is Global Catalog ?

Answer : GC is a DC which maintains full copy of local domain partion and partial copy
of entire forest.

6. What is function of LDAP ?

Answer : LDAP is a protocol used to query or access active directory database. It uses
port 389.

7. What are the requirements for ADS >

Answer : a) Windows 2000/2003 Server Operating System

b) TCP/IP protocol and IP address
c) Network Card with Active state
d) NTFS partition

8. What is Sysvol ?

Answer : Sysvol(System Volume) a special folder located on NTFS partition of DC for

storing domain public files like logon script, GPO templates, etc. The contents of
sysvol folder are replicated to all DC in a domain.
 Interview Questions

FILESYSTEMS AND DISK MANAGEMENT

1) Difference between FAT32 and NTFS

Answer :

FAT32 NTFS
a. Supported by win9x,2000,2003,XP supported by NT,2000,2003,XP

b. Remote security Local security

c. NA compression and encryption

d. NA Hot Fixing

e. NA Shadow copy and Disk quota

2) Difference between Basic disk and dynamic disk

Answer :

Basic Disk Dynamic disk

a. partition are created volumes are created

b. can be converted to dynamic cannot be converted to basic

c. grouping of disk not allowed grouping of disk are allowed

d. No data redandancy data redandancy uising RAID 1/5

e. partition table is at start partition table is at end

3. Explain about RAID-1

Answer :

a. Min. and max. 2 hard disk

b. If any one disk fails data can be recovered from other disk.
c. 50% space wastage.
d. no read/write performance improvement.
 Interview Questions

e. good for storing Operating system.

4. Explain about RAID-5

Answer :

a. data is stored in distributed format across all the disk

b. min 3 max. 32
c. if any one disk fails data can be recovered using parity.
d. parity space wastage eg. parity = total space \ no of disk.
e. good for storing data.

5. Can we convert FAT32 to NTFS? how ?

Answer : you can convert FAT32 partition to NTFS using convert.exe command.

Eg . convert <drive:> /fs:ntfs

6. What is mounting ?

Answer : mounting is a process of assigning or mapping of the folder to a drive.

7. What is RAID ?

Answer : RAID is a technology of grouping disk inorder to provide more space and
redandancy. There are total 54 RAID method. Windows 2003 support RAID 0, 1 and 5.

8. What is difference between mirroring and duplexing ?

Answer : Mirroring requires single controller and duplexing requires two controllers.

DHCP, DNS and WINS

1. What is DNS ?

Answer : It is used to resolve FQDN to IP address.

 Interview Questions

2. Types of Zone in DNS ?

Answer : Forward Lookup - it is used to resolve FQDN to IP

Reverse lookup - it is used to resolve IP to FQDN

3. Types of DNS Zone ?

Answer :

Primary Zone :

Secondary Zone :

AD integrated Zone :

Stub Zone :

4. what is NS lookup ?

Answer : it is a tool used troubleshoot DNS related issues.

5 What is DHCP ?

Answer: DHCP is used to automatically provide IP address to client computers.

6. Explain DHCP 4 packets.

Answer :

Discover = client sends request for IP.

Offer = DHCP server send and Offer with IP address.

Request = if clients accepts the IP it sends a request to DHCP.

Ack = DHCP server sends ack for the same.

 Interview Questions

7. What is client reservation in DHCP ?

Answer : to reserve a specific IP for a specific machine or host.

8. What is WINS ?

Answer : It is used to resolve NetBIOS Computer name to IP address.

9. Which port number DHCP uses?

Answer : DHCP uses UDP port number 67 and 68.

Windows operating system differences

1. Difference between Windows NT and 2000

Answer :

Windows NT Windows 2000

a) Directory Service Active Directory Service

b) FAT16 and NTFS 4.0 FAT16, FAT32 and NTFS 5.0

c) Compression Compression, Encryption and Disk Quota

d) System Policy Group Policy

e) Local and Global Group Local, Global and Universal Group

f) No IPsec IPsec builtin

g) 40000 user limit 100000 user limit

h) NTLM authentication NTLM and Kerberos authentication

i) Basic disk Basic and Dynamic Disk

2. Difference between Windows NT and 2003

Answer :
 Interview Questions

Windows NT Windows 2003

a) Directory Service Active Directory Service

b) FAT16 and NTFS 4.0 FAT16, FAT32 and NTFS 5.0

c) Compression Compression, Encryption and Disk Quota

d) System Policy Group Policy

e) Local and Global Group Local, Global and Universal Group

f) No IPsec IPsec builtin

g) 40000 user limit 100000 user limit

h) NTLM authentication NTLM and Kerberos authentication

i) Basic disk Basic and Dynamic Disk

j) No Shadow Copy Shadow copy

k) ERD ASR

2. Difference between Windows 2000 Server and 2003 Server

Answer :

Windows 2000 Windows 2003

a) No Shadow copy Shadow Copy feature

b) No RPC over HTTP RPC over HTTP

c) 32 bit 32 bit and 64 bit

d) no Domain rename features domain rename feature

e) Terminal Service Remote desktop and assistance

f) ERD ASR

g) less command line tool more command line

h) No Stub DNS tools Stub DNS

 Interview Questions

i) IIS 5 IIS 6

3. Difference between Windows 2000 Prof and Windows XP prof

Answer :

Windows 2000 Prof Windows XP prof

a) ERD ASR

b) Terminal Service Remote Desktop and assistance

c) IE 5 IE 6

d) No Firewall Basic firewall

e) NO Alternate IP configuration

f) NO System restore

g) NO Driver rollback feature

4. Difference between Windows XP home and Windows XP prof

Answer :

Windows XP home Windows XP prof

a) no Remote desktop Yes

b) NO Offline folders

c) 1 processor 2 processor

d) workgroup member Workgroup and domain member

e) NO Encryption

f) NO GPO GPO

g) NO Roaming profile
 Interview Questions

h) no ASR ASR

5. Difference between Windows XP and Windows 98

Answer :

Windows XP Windows 98

a) Remote desktop NO

b) GPO NO

c) 2 processor 1 processor

d) NTLM & Kerberos NTLM authentication

e) Encryption NO

f) Disk Quota NO

g) FAT, FAT32 and NTFS FAT and FAT32

h) IE 5 IE 4

6. Difference between Windows 95 and Windows 98

Answer :

Windows 95 Windows 98

a) NO USB support YES

b) FAT 16 and FAT32 for R2 fAT16 and FAT32

c) Single monitor multiple monitor

d) NO Direct X

e) IE3 IE 4

f) NO APM (Adv. Power Management)

 Interview Questions

USERS AND GROUPS

1. Explain types of user ?

Answer : Users are of two types

a) Local User : Local users are used in workgroup environment and can logon to local
machine.

b) Global Users : Global users are used in domain environment and can be created on
DC and can login from any machine in a domain.

2. Explain types of group ?

Answer : Groups are divided into two categories

a) Security group : groups to which rights and permission can be assigned

b) Distribution group : groups used for assigning common properties like email
address, etc. They are used by mailing software like exchange server.

3. Explain scope of group

Answer : the scope of groups are divided into 3 categories

Local Group : Local groups are used in workgroup environment

Domain Local Group : groups which cannot cross domain boundary are called as
local group. they can access resources of local domain only.

Global group : groups which can cross domain boundary and can access resources of
local as well of other domains. Global groups can contain gobal users and global groups
from same domain only.

Universal Group : groups which can cross domain boundary and can access resources
of local as well of other domains. Universal group can contains global users, universal
groups from same and other domain too.
 Interview Questions

4. Can we convert domain local group to global group

Answer :

5. Can we convert Universal group to Global group

Answer :

6. Can we convert global group to universal group

Answer :

Backup and disaster recovery

1) Which tool is used to backup data or system state ?

Answer : NTBACKUP or any other third party software like veritas, etc.

2) what does system state backup includes ?

Answer : Sysvol, ADS database file, COM+ components, Registry and boot files.

3) Explain types of backup

Answer :

Full backup or normal backup : complete data is backup with archive bit is clear

Incremental backup : only new data is backup for which archive bit is set and after
backup archive bit is clear.

Differential backup :only new data is backup for which archive bit is set and
after backup archive bit is not set.

Copy backup : complete data is backup with archive bit not cleared.

Daily backup : data is backup based on modified dates.

 Interview Questions

4) Which are the various method or media used for backup ?

Answer : Hard drive, Tape(DAT), DLT, LTO, etc.

5) Difference between Incremental backup and Differential backup ?

Answer : refer to question 3

6) Difference between Normal and Incremental Backup ?

Answer : Refer to question 3

BASIC NETWORKING CONCEPTS

1) What is Web Server ?

Answer : Web server is a server or application server which host or stores websites.
Every web site should have a name like www.vision.com and IP address. Eg. IIS, Apache
server, etc.

2) What is mail server ?

Answer : Mail server is a software which maintains user mailboxes. eg : Exchange server
, Lotus domino, etc.

3) What is mail client ?

Answer : A sofware used by client to access to mails stores on mail server. using
mail client software you can send mail and receive mail. Eg : Microsoft Outlook,
Outlook Express, Lotus notes, etc.

4) What is Proxy server ?

Answer : It is a software used for sharing of internet connection. Eg. Wingate, Winproxy,
Analog proxy, etc.

5) Port numbers for various application and services

 Interview Questions

Answer :

There are total 65536 ports available. Below are the list of some well-known ports.

LDAP : 389
Global catalog :
Kerberos : 88
DNS : 53
SMTP : 25
POP3 : 110
Telnet : 23
NNTP : 119
IMAP : 143
RPC : 135
HTTP : 80
HTTPS / SSL : 443
FTP : 21

6) What is firewall ?

Answer : It is a software used to provide security to your network by not allowing

unauthorized access to your Internal network from External users. Eg : PIX
firewall, Checkpoint firewall, etc.

USER MANAGEMENT
1) What is Logon script ?

Answer : Logon script is a bat file or script file which runs when a user logs on.

2) Where are logon script stored ?

Answer : They are stored in Sysvol folder of DC

3) What are the supported extensions for logon script ?

 Interview Questions

Answer : The common supported format for logon script .exe, .bat, .com, .vbs, etc.

4) Why logon script are used ?

Answer : Logon script are generally used to to automate task like mapping of
drivers, home directory, printers, etc.

5) What are user profile ?

Answer : User profile are user common environment which contents settings like
desktop, my docs, temp, outlook settings, IE settings, start menu, etc.

6) What are the different types of profile ?

Answer :

a) Local Profile : stored on local machine where the user log on. User get
different profile when he logs on to different machine.

b) Roaming Profile : Stored in shared folder of server. User get same profile when he
logs on to different machine. User can modify his profile.

c) Mandatory profile : Stored in shared folder of server. User get same profile when he
logs on to different machine. User cannot modify his profile.

7) Difference between Roaming and Mandatory profile

? Answer :

Roaming Profile : User can modify his profile

Mandatory Profile :User cannot modify his profile

8) Difference between Roaming and Local profile ?

Answer :

Local Profile Roaming Profile

Vision Infosystems (VIS) Interview Questions

a) stored on local machine stored on shared folder of server

b) user get different profile user get same profile on different

for different machine machine.

c) stored in C:\docs and settings Stored on shared folder of a server

d) These profile are automatically These profile is required to be

created when a user logs on to a configured as per requirement.
machine.

9) How to configure a user profile as mandatory ?

Answer : To configure a profile as mandatory we need to configure a profile as roaming

and then rename the ntuser.dat to ntuser.man from the shared folder.

10) What are home directory ?

Answer : Home directory are user personal folder for storing personal data and automatically
mounted as network drive when a user logs on to any machine in a domain. Home directory
setting are configured using Active directory users and computer snap-in.

USING NET COMMANDS

1) How to map a remote shared folder using command prompt ?

Answer : use NET USE command

Eg NET USE x: \\10.0.0.1\data1

2) How to stop and start server using command line

Answer : use NET START to start a service and NET STOP to stop the service

Eg : NET STOP spooler

NET START spooler
 Interview Questions

3) How to configure sync. time using command line ?

Answer : use NET TIME command

Eg : NET TIME \\10.0.0.1 /set

4) How to send message to remote user, computer, etc. using command line ?

Answer : use NET SEND command

Eg : NET SEND 10.0.0.1 "how are u"

5) How to view shared folder or share a folder using command line

Answer : use NET SHARE command

Eg : NET SHARE - to view shared folder on local machine

NET SHARE temp=c:\data1 - to shared a folder with name temp

6) How to create/delete user using command line ?

Answer : use NET USER command

Eg : NET USER tommy 123 /add - created a user tommy with password 123
NET USER tommy /delete

7) How to create/delete grup using command line ?

Answer : use NET GROUP command (This command is used only on DC)

Eg : NET GROUP admins /add

 Interview Questions

8) How to create/delete local group using command line ?

Answer : use NET LOCALGROUP command

Eg : NET LOCALGROUP admins /add

MIXTURE QUESTION ON Windows

1) Which protocol is used by ADS for time sync. between

PC's? Answer : SNTP (Simple network time protocol)

2) What is RPC protocol ?

Answer : RPC stands for Remote Procedure Call. It uses port number 135. RPC is
an inter-process communication technique that allows client and server software to
communicate.

3) What is COM ?

Answer : Component Object Model (COM) is Microsoft's object-oriented

programming model that defines how objects interact within a single application or
between applications.

4) What is SNMP ?

Answer : SNMP stands for Simple Network Management Protocol). This protocol is
used to monitor and manage network devices like Switches, Routers, Servers, etc. SNMP
uses port UDP port number 161 and 162.

5) What is Network Monitor Agent ?

Answer : Network Monitor Agent is a packet capturing software. It is also called as

sniffer.
 Interview Questions

6) What are the default share in Windows 2003 Server ?

Answer : The default share in Windows 2003 are

a) Admin$
b) All drives i.e. C$. D$ .etc
c) IPC$
d) Netlogon (Only on DC)
e) Sysvol (Only on DC)

7) How to create a hidden share in Windows ?

Answer : In share name of a folder Specify $ after the share name i.e. data$