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1 2 3
1 2 3
4 5 6
FIRST LATm BOOK.
EDITED BY
ARCHD. H. BRYCE, LLD., D.C.L., F.R.S.E.,

RECTOR OF THE EDIWBUROH COLLEGIATE SCHOOL.
•|
THOMAS NELSON AND SONS,

LONDON, EDINBURGH, AND NEW YORK.
J. & A. M M I L L A N,
Saint John, N.B.
m il I <i
\ .
f r^fari,
The following Rentences, slightly

altered from the Preface to
he authors "First Greek
Book," will sufficiently explain
the scope and purpose of the
present work :—
"This volume is at once a Grammar, a
Reader, an Exercise-
liook, and a Vocabulary.
Its aim is twofold -.—First To
give a complete view of the
Inflexions of Nouns and Verbs
with a careful regard to simplicity
and clearness ; and'
Secondly, To supply a series of
interesting and easy lessons
in continuous reading.
« In the Grammar, care has been taken not to
overload the
text with mmutiaB and exceptions, which serve only
to confuse
and bewilder the beginner; but to
afford merely the amount
ot information considered
necessary in a First Course The
Nouns and Verbs are so arranged that each
class of Inflexions
ISkept separate and distinct; and
numerous Exercises follow
each paradigm, in order that the
characteristics of one group
may be fixed in the mind of the pupil
before his attention
IS invited to another. The Nouns of the Third Declension
have been classified on a plan which, it is hoped, will lead
to adue appreciation of the pecuHarities
belonging to that
mmtiform division. "-The Verb has been
set forth in a series
ot iables, and on a new
scheme, so arranged that it may
coincide as far as possible with
that adopted in the case
of
the Greek Verb, that parts having the same stem may
be
brought together, and that the relations
of Time and Mode
may be more clearly displayed. (See Section
and 14, obs., pp. 46, 47.)
XII 8 9 '
'
n '
Iv TREFACE.
Adjectives should always be taught simultaneously with

Substantives, and each gender-form jy itself
; but to ivfford
comparing form with form, and to gratify those
facility for
Teachers who may prefer the old mode, paradigms have been
printed in full declension at p. 29, sgq.
" The Exercises of Part 1. are intended
mainly as a praxis
on the and to this end the strict logical arrange-
Inflexions,
ment of the Syntax has been entirely subordinated. The
Rules of Construction have therefore been introduced in such
order, and to such an extent, as has been deemed
most con-
sistent with the general plan, and most conducive to rapid
progress.* The sentences, which by easy steps increase in
have been selected, as far as possible, from classical
difficulty,
authors; but the choice of words and appropriate phrases

has been very much restricted by peculiar features in the
design of the work. Those forming the Exercises of Part I.
have been largely taken from the Eeading Lessons of Part II.,
in order that the principle of frequent repetition
may have
as much
play as possible; and that, when students arrive at
the more difficult task of unravelling complex
sentences, the
often recurring faces of old friends may, by
duninishing
their difficulties, encourage them onward in
their labours.
Sentences of an abstruse or philosophical kind, such as too
often form the staple of Introductory Readers,
have been
avoided, as tending rather to repel than to invite the
young.
i : The English portions of the Exercises are meant merely as
examples for imitative practice, and a?e not intended
to
supersede the use of a methodically arranged Manual of
Latin Composition." —
Vocabularies have not, for very
obvious reasons, been attached to the Exercises, but have
been supplied at a different part of the book, p. 107, sqq.
"It of the utmost consequence that, in studying a
is
foreign language, pupils should daily, and from the

very first,
make practical use of the principles and facts which they
learn from the Gramma r. For such praxis, short and easy
• A brief resutn^ of the Syntax of Simple Sentences wiU le fouul lu meÂi)-
^
peniUx, p. 150.
PREFACE.
y
clauses are, in the earlier
stages, indispensable; but
it is
possible to continue their
use to an unnecessary extent
inasmuch as the power of a boy to grapple with the diffi'
culties of complex sentences is by no means in proportion to
the time spent m
analysing simple sentences. It has there-
fore been deemed prudent to introduce
promiscuous readin.^
lessons as soon as the learner
has fairly got over the Parts
of Speech and their
companion Exercises. And thus
the
Extracts formmg Part II. have
been chosen with this view
that, while the pupil's
ingenuity is exercised in the
discri-
mination of mixed grammatical
forms and the analysis of
compound sentences,
his mind may at the
same time be
«^bject-matter of his task, and his
notTl : by ambition
not 'r^
disheartened any great syntactical difficulties.
these purposes the Fables "-For
of Phaedrus stand unrivalled,
a *ew of the easiest and
and most interesting of them
accordingly been selected.
have
The circumstance that they ale
poetry may mthe opinion of some, form
an objection to
heir use but it must be borne in mind
; that the poetry o^
lamhc Trimeters differs very slightly
from prose, and^ha
whatever drawback exists on
this ground is amply
counter
balanced by the general
accuracy of Latinity, eaL
of con-
^"^^^*^^^°- ^' -bj-t, which
ttrSL characterise
Prn?" ^T^ ^""^Tl'

^'' *^^'" ^™^ ''^^ elementary work by
a^ his model, wrought

into a connected and
easy narrative
the most romantic legends
and the most interesting
episodls
"'""• '''^ ''''' '' "^^ ^'^^y^ *^« -ft eCn
but tZl
text, both m the division of sentences
and the mode of
other by the Editor of ^•""^•"

Se ''Gâduîed Serieiôf'' u'^'L"'^ "'"'^ ^ha
but due to ProfeMor Pillans Keadhig-Books." It is
call attention
to state ?S If /. "li^"'''
"'''""
(Prefacrto Ec o/afCm't^^^^^^^ "! '" "'" '="""*'-y '^
« an Initiatory Reading-Book. ^""^"""^^ »° "'« °>eiita of M. Lhomond's
«U
—
n PREFACK.
expression ; but the Editor did not feel himself at liberty to

encroach too far on the original form of the work. He baa
also adopted some of Dr. Smith's judicious ameudmenta.
TH« EOINBUllUK (JOLLEUIATE SCHOOL, 1878.
•i NOTE.
" In the first edition of this work a slight deviation was made, in the arrange-
ment of the Cases of Nouns, from the order usually followed. The change
was determined on after mature deliberation, and after a highly satisfac-
tory trial with a large class but at the urgent request of many Teachers
;
the Editor has been induced to revert in the present issue to the old estab-
lished order. Those, however, who prefer the new arrangement will find
Nouns so printed at p. 103. This is not the place to enter into the
more subtile arguments, V)gical and philological, which may be advanced
in favour of the alteration ; for a few of these tie student of maturer years
will consult the Preface to Professor Madvig's Latin Grammar, Wood's

translation, (second edition.) The considerations which will weigh most
with Teachers in adopting the change are those of convenience and mne-
monic utility. It may therefore bo laid down, generally, that the more
the forms of Cases are reduced in number, or the more that like Cases
are grouped together, even though not reduced in number-, the simpler does
the system of declension become to the learner. Thus the forms of Neuter
Nouns are acquired with much less difiicalty, and retained with much more
ease, than those of Masculines and Feminines, from the fact that they
have really only three Cases, malum, mali, malo : for it must be remem-
bered that a Case is not the word used in a certain construction, but the
'
word used in a certain form by virtue of the construction;' and that, con-
sequently, there are no more Cases in a language than there are distinct
'
fomM of Cases.' But if we follow this grouping principle farther, we shall

also find it of great service in the declension of Masculines and Femi-
ninss."— Thus, in the Singular Number, the Nom. and Voc, which are
always alike except in Nouns of Decl. II., like serms, the Gen. and —
—
Dat. of Decls. I. and V., and the Dat. and Abl. of Decl. II., are respec-
tively brought together. In the Plural Number the advantage is still
more evident ; for while the Dat. and Abl. are set side by side, the Nom.
—
and Voc, or in Declensions III., IV., and V., the Nom., Voc, and
Accus., —are in like manner brought Inflexions having the
together.
same vowel {-as, -arum; -as, -orum;
-am, &c.) follow each other; and
-a,
the attention of the pupil is forcibly directed to the Nom. and Accus.,
which are not only of most frequent occurrence in reading, but which
also express the two most prominent Nouna in every sentence, the —
munes of the agent and the object.*
* See lotruductiua to Dr. WoodfoiU'a Latin Grammar.

1
€anttniB,
PART I
THE PASTS OP SPEECH.
ijaoTtoN
I. Tlio Letters, &c Pauk

n. First Declension-Examples U
and Exercises,
in. Second 11
Declension-Exampleg and Exercises, " 18
IV. Third Declension.
... _
Class lA
I._Of Nouns-Examples and
Exercises,
16
Class n.-Of Nouns-Examples and Exerci8e^
Class 17
III._Of Nouns-Examples
and Exercises,
Class 19
IV.-Of Nouns- Examples and Exercises,
20
Class V.-Of Nouns-Examples and Exercises,
21
Class Vl.-Of Nouns-Examples and
Exercises,
Class VII.- Of Nouns-Examples 22
and Exercises,
Complex Nouns-Examples and U
Exercises ...
V. Fourth Declension- 24
Examples and Exercises,
VI. Fifth Declension-Examples '
26
and Exercises, .,.
VII. Adjective 27
Nouns- Examples and Exercises, .
VIII. Irregular Nouns, 39
...
33
I. Substantives,
II.
83
Adjectives, with Exercise,
IX. Comparison of .'."
3fi
Adjectives, with Exercise,
X. Numerals, 36
XL Pronouns,
***
89
••• •••
41
I. Substantive Pronouns,
11. Adjective Pronouns, with
41
Exercise,
XIL The Verb, 49
••• ••• „,
XIII. First Conjugation 46
of Regular Verbs,
Exercises on Verbs of Conjugation 48
I
XIV. Second Conjugation of 52
Regular Verbs, .[,
Jixercises on Conjugation Si
II
68
vm C0NTKNT8.
fnrioo f»ua
XV. Third Conjugation, ••• ao
Eierciicson CoajDKutlon III 64
XVI. fourth CoTiJiiKatlon, 66
Kxorcl»«»on ConJuK«tlon IV., .„ 70
XVII. Deponent Verbs, with Exurclso, 71
XVIIL Irregular Verbs, iuin, Ac., with KxcrcisoE, 78
XIX. Defective Verts, cotpi, mtmini, Ac, N
XX. Imperaonal VertNS with ExerciHUA, ... M
XXL Indeclinable Parte of Speech, AdTcrbn, IMejx.sltloii*, Ac, 100
The Declensloni, Ac, with the Coaos In an altered order, lot
Llatft of WurOa used in each Exercise, 107
PART 11.
EXTRACTS FOB READINQ.

I. Fablea of Pliuedrua, 119
itoinaa History,
'
II.
U1
S
APPENDIX.
Drief Synopsis of the Syntax of Simple Sentenced, 100
I. Subject and Predicate, ... IM
II. The Cases, Ifil
Nominative and Vocative, 161

Accusative, ... 161
Genitive, 163
Dative, 168
Ablative, 164
III. Infinitive Mood, Ac, 166
Participle, ... 156
Gerund, 156
Snplnes, 156
Notes on the Extracts, ... 167
Rules for Gender of Nouns, 168
li Rules of Syntax, 175
IiTeguIar Verbs, List of. 178
Latix Vocabitlart, IDO

EhCLISU VoOABULAKI, 240
J>4lll
60
64
66
70
7'J
78
04
96
100
FIRST LATIN BOOK.
103
107
no
V THE PARTS OF SPEECH.
PART I.
187
SECTION I.
THE LETTERS.
1. The Latin alphabet is the same as the English, except that
ISO
w
Is wanting.
IfiU
Ifil
2. The letters are of two classes— Vowels and Consonants.
161 3. The Vowels are six—a, e, {, o, u, y.
161 4. Consonants are either,—
163
163 (1.) Semi- vowels*— Z, m, n, r, and the sibilant, s; or,
164 (2.) Mutes-/>, bj, v; c, k, q,g; t, d.
15«
5. The Mutes admit of a double
166 classification (1.) according to :
the organ by which they are pronounced

156 and (2) according to the
;
degree of breathing employed in their

156 utterance. Thus,—
167 LABIAM. PALATALS. LINGUAL DENTALS.
168 ^(/torj)
175
^ ^
t light or sharp.
.•;: 9 d. intermediate
178
J\I>l^)^^^v {ch) (M) rough or flat.
^''°'''?! ' ''?'^'° c'"»>'acteri8tic8:-/'tr.<, It e<me, freely In pronunclatlo.-,,

«nrt
and, Secondly, w,*^
When it is once formed it can be prolonged. 1 He seml-vowels
powcM
I
10 FIRST L\TIN HEADER.
6 X and z are double consonants, being eqnal-^

to cs or as Cpit)-
nouuced as h), and sometimes to /is
or qus; z to sd or c^*.
7 A is not properly a letter, but a hrmthing,

j \s the coasonai.t
aound of i, and v of u.
a Diphthongs are composed of two

vowels combined tx^gether in
pronunciation.
km common,
The most common diphthongs
ei, eu, oi, ui
are «.,
,
oâu^,
,
Z
luo
n. There are three Genders-Masculine,

Feminine, Neuter.
063. -Jn English, the
gender of all substantives is decided
by the
'' ''
ZTZ' 1
'°
^"^™-^s; ''f'' ^ ^-^ ^^^^^^ ^^ *^- names of
but ia nouns depleting
men
tnavtmate f
M?rn *^',J°7^
^^ *^« --d usually detln>iaesTi«
if lender '^^''T^^^'^-
femimne; rex, a to^, xnasc; regina,
« gwên, fem.; hortus. a
garden, raasc.;, mensa, a ia6/e,
fem.
S^S^->
Pl^tlTr r^^-^—^^^ used of one ;
and the
if 12 Nouns
are divided into five da.
3s, called Declensions,
accord-
mg the system of mfiexions
to
adopted in forming their Cases.
declension to wluch a noun
The
belongs is known by the inflexion* of tlie
genitive singular.
13. There are eight Parts of Speech :-
DECLINABLK.
INDECLINABLE.
Substantive (Noun).
Adverb.
Adjective (Noun).
Preposition.
Pronoun.
Interjection.
Verb,
Conjunction.
n.m.e„; „ „„,. ,„ ^L TL.1„rxr rS^m'^l ^^.'4= '""

change; aa
ae, -am, -arum, -ii, -o*. *c
-d,
The si--m nf « r,^., . Z
».=r tl,. l„«„ta'„, ,te 8e,«iv. r,uto :
from r ^-S*'™' " "*'°''
~».- remain. „
th, „.„, ,,„,„ icr,iM^\ll;
,
.iZTTcr
'""'
,.^
""
T
iE'
FIUST LATIN READER.
n
SECTION II.
FIRST DECLENSION.
^' ^^^^«"«io» end,
in the nominative
în^;'^^ft"°"''?-1
in -a, those winch have f
-., -as, or -.., are
singular. \
Greek, and are princS
proper names. Nouns in -a and
masculme. The genitive singular
-.are feminine; those in -L
ends in -a.
/ Si7
SlNQULAn.
Plural.
bm. Men8-&, a table.*
f men % [table.
Mens-ae, a table's, or of a
Mens-ae, tables.
Mens-arum, tables', or of tables.
Mens-ae, to or/of a table.
Mens-is, to or for talks.
,
^,
Ace. Mens-am, a table.
Meas-as,' iables.
Mens-a, table I
Mens-ae, tables/
AU. Mens-a, from, with, in, or Mens-is, from, with, in, or hy
bp a table.
tables.
008 --What we express in English by prepositions is very often fndicated
Thus inSrJfh'' r'^'lt

^"&J'«^,^^^Jeave
" *'^ ^"•^ '' * ^''^' <*•-•' -fl-ion^
the nouns zmcA««</«rf, and, to vary
-
tv^'oll the meanl J
ing, change the httle word going before,
{preposition;) as oJThe
qveen, (= the queen's, ), on the
gueen, ^rthcquL Th eisprope ly
only one case m English-the possessive or genitive.
2. A few nouns have -abus in the dative
and ablative plural
as -t^ They are such as have a masculine
of the same stem
Second Dec ension as,/^.-a, a daughter,-but/î-t...,
Second Declension.
j
a son, om»
So dea, anima, equa, mula, Uherta,
and some
SlNaULAR.
Plural.
Nom. Fili-a, a daughter. Fili-ae, daughters.
Oen. Fili-ae, a daughter's, or of
Fili-arum, daughters', or of
a daughter.
daughters.
Dai. Fili-ae, to or for a daughter.
Fili-abus, or filiis, to or for
Ace. Fili-am, a daughter.
Fili-as, daughters.
Voc. [daughters.
Fili-a, daughter / Fili-ae, daughters I
AU. Fili-a, from, with, or by a Fili-abus, or filiis, from, with, or
daughter.
hy daughters.
^ B.-The feminine forms of adjectives, in

a, are d eclined like
mensa.
12 FIJIST LATIN READKR.
^'
Aquilae. Aquilas R/gnam. '
Pugnarum. AquUis. Porta7
( Porta. Porta J>ue%;. Puellamm
) Portia^ Pugnas. AnciUa.
Lunam. Ancma.^ Ancillarum. FiIi^t&asa£-<AncUie'
(f^nSf.T^'i
Gems. Umbras. Silvae. Umbram. Aquilarum. Pennis FUi-
abus. Fundaa. Fundae. Umbris. Silvarum. Regina. Reginas.
Nautae. Nautas. Linguam. Linguis. NymphS. Nyraphn,"
j«j
Musca. Muscarum. Peram. PUae. AncSras. Ai.cSris. Aulam
Aulas. Perae. Ancoramm. Deas. Deae. Janua. Januarum.
The battle. The battles. Of the sling. The
moons. The moon
Of the queen. The queen's. The queens.
The queens'. For
queen. Of the daughters. The language. The tongue
languages. Of the flies. To the maid-servant. The eagles.
3. (Syntax) Rule l}—An adjective agrees with its ovm substan-

,
tive m gender, number, and case : as, fabula longa, (Jem.,) a long
atory; fabulae longae, {pi,) Img stories; amicus fidus, (mo^c.,) a
tanhful frvend; amicos fidos, faithful friends; praemium mag-
num, a great reivard.
(neut.,)
4. (Syntax) Rulb II.- Th.e
prepositions m, (in, among;) cum,
(together with;) a or ab,
(from, by;) e or ex, (out of from the
midst of) govern the ablative: as, in
sHva, in tJie forest; cum
along with the maid-servant.
ancilla,
5 (Syntax) Rule III.-^ verb agrees with its mbject in number

and person: aquila est, aquilae sunt.
6. (Syntax) Rule lY.—One substantive governs, in the gmUive,
^'^^y'^*'^^ « <^'P^'î ihing; as, penna aquilae, the eagles
Mth^
7. Est (Zd sing.) means is ; sunt (:id pi), are.
EXERCISE II.
(3.) Via lata. Dea sancta. Ancora c.irva. Portae latae Viae
angustae. Vias angustas. Portanmi latarum. Puellae sedulae.
BUvae latae. ^Portis angustis.J AquUae validae.
^.) In silva. In casis. Cum puella.Cum filia. In caaa. In
porta lata Cum puellis sedulis. Cum regma beata. In via angusta
lûm Wiabus parvis. In parva casa.
(6.) Ancilla eat ftissa. 1
sunCvoc.
FTR8T LATIN RKADKR.
IS
Filia est beata. Aquila est valida. Formicas sunt parvae. Regina
est caeca. Luna est clara.
(6.) Pluraa aquilae. Plumae aquilae. Plumae aquilanim. Janua
casae. Gena publlae. Umbrae silvarum. In umbra silvae. In
casa agricolae. Funda
nautae. Ferae nautarum. Agricolae filia.
Cum niia agricolae.
In densa umbra silvarum. Cum deabus
Sanctis
FUiareginaeestpulchra. AnciUa est formosa, Anc8rae
sunt curv^
Janua caaae est lata. Portae sunt apertae.
Lingua Belgarum
Agricolae sunt in silvis. Nauta est in agricolae casa. Formosa filia
nautae est in casa reginae. Pulchrae filiae
nautarum sunt in splendida
aula reginae. ^'Sedulae ancUlae sunt in parva
casa dx)minae. Pennae
aquilarum sunt longae. In sUvis multae sunt muscae. Filia
mea *
^st pulchra.
The gates are wide.

The gates of the palace are wide The
farmer's hut is The forest is dense^ The eagle's winga b^
small.
long. There are many flies in the husbandman's
cottage The
woods are dense. The balls are round.
The queen's cheeks are
pale. The moOn is bright. Your daughters are beautiftil
(in feat-
ures). The girl's hair is auburn. There is a rouna
table in the
husbandman's cottage.
SECTION III.
SECOND DECLENSION.
1. Nouns of this declension end in the
nominative singular in -t«,
-er, "Ivy -ur, or -urn. Words in -um are neuter; those in -us^ -er,
-ir, -Mr, masculine or feminine. The genitive singular ends in -i.
SlNQUIiAR.
PinRAii.
(1.) Nom. Serv-U8, masc, a slave.
Serv-I, slaves.
Gen. Serv-i, of a slave. Serv-Srum, o/slarfx.
Dot. Serv-d, to or for a slave. Serv-is, to or for slaves.
Ace. Serv-um, a dave. Serv-Ss, slaves.
Voc. Serv-S, slave! a^^
1 >\ _. .-
All. 6erv-b,/rom, dx., a slave Bbtv-U, from, ttc., slaves.

!4 FIRST LATIN READER.
SlKQULAR.
PliURAt,
(2.) N<m, Piler,masc, a boy,
Puer-i, boys.
Oen. Pugr-i, of a boy.
Puer-orum, of boys.
JJat. Puer-o, to or for a hoy.
Puer-is, to or for boys.
Ace. Puer-um, a boy.
Puer-os, boys.
Voc. Puep, boy I
Puer-i, boys !
Abl. Puer.'O, from, Ac, a boy. Puer-is, /rom, <tr., hoys.
fS.) Nom. Migister, masc, a
master. Magistr-i, masters.
Gen. Magistr-i, o/om<w<er.
Magistr-orum, of mmfers.
Dat. Magistr-o, to ox for a master. Magistr-is, to orfor masters
Ace. Magistr-um, a rrmstcr.
Magistr-os, mcistcrs.
Voc. Magister, master! Magistr-i,
Abl. masta-s/
Magistr.o,/rom,d-c.,arna*-
Magistr-is, /rom, d-c,
ter. mas-
ters.
Singular,
Pr-CRAL.
(^.)N. V.d:Acc.. Mal-um,
neut., an apple.
Mal-a, apples.
Gen. Mal-i, of an apple.
^Bl-oram, of apple.i.
Dat. Mal-o. to an apple. Mal-is, to apples.
Abl. Mal-o, from, dbc, an Mal.is,//-ow, dbc, apples.
apple.
3 Adjectives which have the masculine

in -us or -er and fh.
neuter in ^m
are declined like
substantives of this
"'edensi^,
Th. nmculme m
-us has the same inflexions
a^ serms- TTZ
EXERCISE III.
(I.) Wgiti. Digitis. Oculus. Hortorum Oculum qArv? rk« i
fc*\)
U.' f ' <
FIRST LATIN REAPER.
15
equo est in agricolae horto. Rami pfip„li sunt
parvi. Refdnaeequus
^^^êstalbus. Albos yitulos agricola^, Deus
est sanctus. Deus* sancte.
Oculi nautanim sunt acuti.
,
(2.) Pueri Pneros. Ocili puerorum sunt teneri.

Genercg, gqcfiri ^"
Socerorura.
amici^tui sunt miserae.
Generis. Cum generis. Generum.
Cum miseris liberis regina^TTide
m^, FiHae ./
"*
Y^
^"^^^
puer '
nnser amice! Digiti agricolae sunt longi.

(3 Magistri. Agros. In agris magistri.
) In agros viri. Pulcher .>>.«*^
m
^tulus agricolae
(4.) Templo.
templa deomm.
horto est poetae.
Magister care.Tn parvam
Belgaecasam. In parva Belgae casa. Teneros
In templo. In templum. Ad
vitulos vaccae.
terapluiTdî.
<*
In
^ ^^ ^Z^^T
'
1 1 1-*^
In templis deorum. Aqnilae ova. Lata arva

agncolae. Poma sunt matura. Colla equorum sunt curva. Portae
temph sunt latae. Aperta est janua
casae. - Cum donis reginae
1 8ha populi sunt parva. In horto magistri mala sunt
matura.
The horses. The horse's. The horses'. In the gardens.
'
Into the
fields of the master. In the eagle's eggs. The temple is spacious.
My shadow is long. Your slave is faithful. The horse's tongue is
rough. ^ The Belgian's gifts are hateful. The hatred of the man is
great. Poplar trees are tall. Among the
eyes are weak.
leaves of the poplar Mv
The neck of your swan is long. The cow is in the
field^with her calf. The boy's cheeks are pale. The gods are holy
In the temples of the gods there
are many gifts. There are many
npe apples m your father-in-law's gardt^n. There
is a tall poplar
tree m the wood. The shadow of the
poplar trees
children of
is long. The
th»poet are much-loved.
SECTION IV.
THIRD DECLENSION.
1. In the First and Second Declensions
the stem of a noun may
be easily distinguished, even in
the r, n inative ; but in the
Third
Declension it is so disguised, by the
onassion of consonant, or the
modification of vowels, that it cannot
be known without reference to
• Deus has the vocativn thn •!>"»» »=»"•• >«A>V>I»— J.l_
_
16
PniST LATIN RRADER.
"« th, «m in the nomimlCf ^"^' "*'"* '"*" ^'''«
.-.i^f LTi^r;::?" """ """^ "^''^ ^-^ "^

Singular.
{l.)A.d-Voc. Soror, km., Plural.
a sister. Soror-es, sisters.
Gen. Soror-Ig.
Soror-um.
Da^ Soror-i.
Soror-Ibus.
Ace. Soror-em.
Soror-es.
Abl. Soror-g.
Soror-ibng.
2.) iV. d: Voc Plural.

Prftt-r r
,?
^«- Fratr-em. r"?"'
AU. Animal-it Anuna - b„.
4. (Syntax) Rule Vr__7»Xz. • .
jnf m«A«.,- pater „eu« es^C™ «t^„,?' P?''^' '' "'»'«'./'«'i^
BIERCISE rv. ' ^
therefore ^^ ,„ the nli; .?ve*"pi.S iTili" A'î"^^"'"^"' '"^tead of ... and h...
u-=; '-" "'C genitive piurni.
n^T LATIN READEB.
17
Fratres et sorores. Cam sororibus et fratribns
S^«"^q«i «•
aoe Exmercatpribus. Dolor matristet ^^ '^'- ^^'
magni.
fiunt
Circum casam patns
Aratorcumaj-atro
Timor fimim es mTgnt
Pvo
^ TaL^
*,
^^^
n''^''"'"
puellarum
'""*
formosi
«""* timidi.
W
"^
ExX^fir'' ?^-f
vZmm a1 '" '^^'°^^

agros. Lupus '''
inter ca.^ Ante
P'^^""^'"-
Caesarem victorem. "" januam caaae. Apud
(3.;Animali. Animalis.
Pal^Zt tS^™ Ad T"

Calcaria FuJmir PoI, •
E. aniâlibu.. Ani,„alK """

Circum portam ODoidL *^®^6res.
aggerem.
Tahnmc x
laboresexulum. FuLura I"ter
ctlf C^^^^^^
radii sunt clan,
rait^x:::"
cl'a^^tor^^^^^^^^^^^
—--.rer^ Solis
of the RoLn plplfs It In tbl ^ t?'f

''^ ^"*- ^^^ ^^^^
hut. Into the exiles' ^^*- ^""'^ *^««ê'i
hutfwi^h great
\T^''
honours.
near the mound Caesar's statui i^
The ramm!I«
level plain.
Around theTor-/^^^^^^ Throughout th?
The bo. . in the
^^::Z^£j^ Jj^f êr is good.
n^îSe:^:^^;:^;:^^^ in the
(Q a city
; rei-e, (n.,) a net. ^ ^' ^^^ '*^^ = «^' ^^^^^.
a.) ^. PlUR-AL.
^ roc. Xrrb-E, f., a c%.
^rb-es, cities.
G^CTi. ITrb-is.
Urb-Ium.
Dot. Urb-i.
Urb-ibus.
^cc. ITrb-em.
Urb-ea.
Ml. Urb-e.
I^rb-ibus.
"^ ^cc. ifcet-e, n., a nc<.
Bet-la, nets.
Oen. Bet-is.
Bet-inin,
Bet-ibus.
î^ Ket-i.
(122) Ret-ibas.
18 FIRST LATIN READER.
6. As X is equal to cs or gs, (see Section I. fi,) all nouns ending In

r belong to this class ; thus, dux = dues, lex = leg-».
SlNOULAR. Plubai.
jr. <6 Voc. Lex (legr-8), f., a law. Leg-es, 7aw«.
Gen. Leg-is. Leg-um.
Dat. Leg-i. Leg-ibus.
Ace. Leg-em. Leg-es.
AU. Leg-e. Leg-ibuB.
7. (Syntax) Ritlb Nil.— Since two singulars are equal

to a
plural, two singular subjects connected hy a co-ordinative
conjunc-
tion (et, ac, atque, -que, &c.) have a verb or adjective in the
plural;
as, Pater et filius sunt clari, the father and the son
are famous.
EXERCISE V.
(l.)Hiemem. Piebis. Trabes. Urbium. TJrbe. Inurbe. Exurbl-

bus. Plebem. Trabi. Trabes. Pace. Vocis. Magna voce.
Justam
legem. Aequas leges. Portae magnarum lu-bium. Longas trabes.
^^^^''ce- Ad formosum gregem Duces sunt fessi bello. Regumoîi
f/t.
^|^î''tWcoônae sunt splendidae.
. (VU
m.\, !i
Pater mens est in urbe. Prater tuus"^
est dux Belgarum. Taini sunt feroces. Pater mens ct mater sunt
^ Telices. Per sanctas leges. .-.Jgejlttni est atrox. Inter aquilas veloces,
$U£!U (2.) MaCB est planum. Betia ^mt
est splendidura.
rara. Inter rara retia. Monil e
Monile reginao est magnum. Undae maris sunt
>ud L
î*..KJL^
longae. Aqua est pura. Aqua maris. Longae sunt radices populialtae.
Magnus grex corvorum. Magni sunt êges corvorum in silvis. (V«~r<-ij-;^v
Inter hiemem. Hiemes longas. Sedilia in horto regis sunt
longa.
The general of the Romans. THe walls of the citadel. The laws
of the city. The deep sea. The girl's magnificent necklaces. The
king is just. The daughter of the farmer is happy. The master .ad
his slave are foolish. The sailors' nets are wide-meshed.y The
farmer's
wife is foolish. The queen's consort is happy. Around the walls of
the city. The generals of the Romans ave daring in war. Among
the flocks of crows. Towards the level sea. In the wide-meshed
nets of the sailors.
8. Adjectives such as inops are declined like urbs, [but inops makes
gen. plur. in-wm;] those in x, a&felix, are declined like lex, [huifelix
flit i/itti..
i^RST LATIX RRADER.
s ending In jg
tives in -M, as mtiu, mttis, mite) like
rete ThA «,]. f
D8.
SlNOtTLAB. p,„
equal to a N. <fe Tar. Cl^d-eu,
<7cn.
f., a defeat.- CW^^^L ,
« conjuTM-
Dat. Clad-i. £,^*^-^^^°^-
he plural I «ad-ibu«.
^rc. dad-em.
mous.
4W. Clad-e.
5,^*^-!f-
Clad-iboi.
N. A Voe. Ap-is {or apes) «
f., i^^ Ap-es heea.
Cen. Ap-ia.
i>o<.
Ap-um (or ap-iuia.)
Ap-i.
!. Exiirbl- Ap-ibus.
Ace. Ap-em.
5. Justam Ap-es.
Abl. Ap-e.
jas trabes. Ap-ibus.
). Regum^^^t^ (.yI
10. A large class of
adjectives are derHnp.1 in *i,
fern nine, like ^"^
'rater tuus' ^;,^, (but lee Sect'n
neuter follows
l'^, V w"*?""^
mater sunt ..,.,. ™';:, ^' ^/^ ^) -^ê the
thus,^.«.^,^,
11. The present
las veloces, indicative active of a
^ verb otihT^\n •
a. Monile )uck^--
tion IS declined
as follows ;- ^"^* Conjuga-
maris sunt ^^-t^^-^ SiNo.—Am-o,
Am-a-8,
)puli altae. J love. Am-S-t,
I in silvis. (^-»-r«MJ-;^L PnjB.~Ani-a-inw,
Am-a-tis,
WeUm.* Am-a-nt,
it longa. Youlwe. TJiep love.
The laws
EXERCISE VI.
ices. The
naster .ad
le farmer's
le walls of
Among
le-meshed
ops makes
\h\Afelix
of aujcc-
B«]a regis coenant. Inter aures canis muscA volat. Caesar festinat
inltalmm. Co£n^,8. Cum patre festinas in silvam. Ei^lTl^^/a'/t^t
gravis auro In ta^rnara ton«oris festinant
est altus. Mah
nautae.
navium sunt l^m^ Panis est llvi..
Malus navjj ^^Yk\
Juvenesliira /. /',
j
cans sororibus m agricolae hoiSmuKT
vin cum hostibus patriae pugnant.
AgSjola arat. Fortes
"
T
%£es sunt alt». Vulpes est M^t flî
calhda. Sena in agncolaecasa coenant. Crines juvenum sunt nigri
Caper et capeUa saltant in agro. Vates sunt sancti. Breves sunt
earns tm aures.
The dove flies The beautiful daughter of the king is walking

in
the citizen s garden. The queen's maid-servant is hastening to
the
palace
All the Belgians are brave. The
months of spring are short.
1 he hUls are white. I am hastening to the territories of
the Belgians
a he cunning foxes are walking round
the farmer's cottage. The
months of spring are agreeable. Along with
the wild boar. The
young men's axes am sharp.
/^^-^ Fourth Class includes those nouns which drop the

I
1^1
last letter of
J^®
the stem in the nominative: as, sermo (for sermon)
termonuj lac (for lact-), lactis; cor (for cord-),
cordis; poerm (for
^
foemat'), poematis.
SllCaULAR. Flttral.
N. ds Voc.Sermo, m., conversaium. SerjiSn-es, conversations.
Oen. SermSn-is.
Sermon-am.
Dat. Sermon-i.
Sermon-ibus.
Ace. Sermon-em. 8ermon-es.
Abl. Sermon-e. Sermon-ibns.
J\r. V. ds Ace. Cor, n., the heart.
Cord-a, fieartt.
Oen. Cord-is.
Cofd-am.
DaX. Cord-i.
Cord-ibus.
AU. Cord-e. Cord-ibuB.
13. (Syntax) Rulb YIIL-Transttive* verbs

govemf tkeaccics-
• For explanation of transitive verbs

see Section XII
t By the term " govern" it is simply meant that
L
the practice at the Tjifin. ...
put an accusative case after a transitive
use that form of nouns which we call
verb. So in EnS S
U s ti^^^rLI^
verb, and prepodtion.;
the okêct^c^X^^^m iêrTalL
» He struck
.a me" ^not,He,tnîr'Sw1iZdJlthZ^'
'• "' '""" "' ''"' '^'"^'"^^ verbTtnd^pCaiJ^r,;:^"^,
ibtre.
t
FIRST LATIN READER.
21
EXERCISE Vlf.
'U.r-("' r >\i
Poeta laudat sermonem Oirnrnnia t-*-- /°
Ciceroni, erat dufcif QteriaS V '-^SSS' "«»*• Oratio .^H^^-"

A^
ir- 'Co„d."on«tle..tf^Sr'r^*'^ .Poem breve laudat
PanoLto;^ ate Itt ^S^Z r"°°"

"" ''^''^'^'^
Ot'Vo pocula.albi ^"^" '^S^^ lajLftmît Agricolae amant

lactig. .
1} J*
^^^^'an loves tb
his own town
tuwii. The^lkrf nf Vk
xnepiijarsof ? ^f
the temple
, fields of
of Juno ars h{,»», mu
K ad'Lire^ the spta^d

w-th their servant.,
M ,T ^T ^^' V°"""
t'e ?'
"™™' "^^
ar. buUding .lotC^'
^^"thîrt"'^rr«':r^r;iT"^'*-v»'
Singular.
Pluhal.
<t Voc. Laus (/or Lan-d-s), f., ;,;î,e.
Cm. Land-es, praises.
Laud-is.
Dot. Land-i. Laud-urn.
Land-ibus.
Ace.
ôi.
Laad-em.
Lauii-«,
tanAffS I
Laud-ibuB.
'"tir^'iWT'mmmi^SMm.^ i
93 KIUHT LATIN BKAti KR.
SlWODtAR.
PliORAl..
A^. <* r,«. Prom(for Pron-t-t), f.. theforthcad.
Oen. Front-it.
tronU9», /oreAeailt.
J)at.
Front-ium.*
Front-I.
Ace. Front-em. Frout-ibm.
Front-ei.
Abl. Front-©.
Front-ibui.
aa|«.t,v« „f ,m,Uar
ttrm,.«t.on, are d^dined
like tho m^ of thi,
..^.ÊXEflOISE VIII
irsas puen est tenuis. Virtus
parentium est niag^dorlLaud
111 ?
DelTEt^":f T"'"^ cpiditatibu,. Libert.. e.t donum Det
h.3
his m^ ,;, «
-n^te^s fields r
u with stody oxea
""'" *" ""= ™'"'=- Tl-^ »<^"'«'t ploughs
Death's foot is in?parS
(t. «., the visits of Death are mipartial
impartial.)
17. (TI.) The âtTja^ssêmbraces

those nouns in which the
• Observe that mciiAayl.!
by a consonant, t:.ke ..;
Oramijur, pp. 4<i, 47.

.
a rowel precede^ the B^n.tlve

o
,,',;f:
i^
,;,
genlUve
ST^^ll
S
a, uhf. *.._. ilZZTTTT'T'
b^t f h r^' f."''
un. Z ?'.'"' """• ''''''''
^^""^ excepiiorts,
see Schmitzs
"
'"'"'"' ^'•^''^''«<»
FIRST LATIN UEAKKR.
28
vowel of the «teii. fn ,'
finHl
.nged in the nominative: a«
;-.m, but nonunufve, nor,...; «tea, .tern.
cupit, but nun.inativ"
c^l.,!:;:
SlNUULAH.
Plurau
A'. V. ds Ace. Ndmen, n., o name. Homln-a, namee.
Oen. Nomln-ii.
Nomin-um.
JJat. Nomin-i.
Komin-ibni.
AbU Nomi&HS.
Nomin-ibui.
A^ V. d' Ace. Caput, n., the
head. Caplt-a, /leuda.
Oen. Caplt-ii,
Capit-um.
l>at, Capit-i,
Capit-ibui.
Abl. Capit-6.
Capit-ibui.
^'^ »• « -" »' "« I'-t co„j„,a-

.io!>Vj;:s*:i:t:!:''
BiMo.— Am-a-bam,
Am-a-bai, Am-a-b&t,
/ wa3 loving, Thou wast loving. lie was loving.
pLi;R.-.Am-a-bamii8,
Am-a-batis, Am-a-bant,
We were loving. }'ou were loving. Thej/ were loving.
I EXERCISE IX.
er pueros bono, amabit. "

Vulcanus f„lu,i„a Jovi
Srat^d
liP.nV«n -D X-
-.:x::iii:r ^:iii.v""»uii. xûmiiia mentis sunt
f^.
r
(1
A Jion waa killing a tender lamb with his te^fh TKn T ^^ -^
THe^na/JbS„,[tJ;S;;~tr^^^^^
-. T«:« -., vro waiKiug in the '°""" * 1£U
shepherd's jjarden,
~'-.~.fmi. . --.iKSi^^*
24 ilRST LATIN RKADKR.
"^ ""«"' '">« '>-" -

which t:I";LnHt of r:;: ''"?
Singular,
Pl-DRAIi.
If. d' Voc. Flos, rn., ajlower. F16r-es, jlowcrs.
Oen. F16r-i8.
Flor-um.
Dot. Flor-i.
Flor-ibug.
Ace. Flor-em.
Flor-es.
Abl. Flor-e.
Flor-ibuB.
EXERCISE X.
Ul^
f i
Ante ora
horto. ^rtS:^ --J^^;^^^^^
patris puer saltaiin /-^rf<
!i ' III
The flowers in the shepherd's ^

garden delight my sister Your
»h the liver there are many flowers. The doves were giving kisses to
o^ts
T- "^H^
-^"'"^ °' *^" "'"'*^ -« - ^^- "-tioT^
'' ""'• ''^ '"^'^'^'"^'^" ^^^ ™^«^ ^ ^^"^^
mole IlTa^S.
•^^''; ""''"" '''^''^' enumerated comprehend

t.n?"o
tant f!'""''' all the impor-
s.nj.le varieties of tliis declension ; hut there are many noun
cTl'
'I' Ilk
stem,
Cr
'''"^'
'/'
^t^^,^
t
"'"'^'^ "^^ genitive>.ZeW.,
"^?^^
adds , to the
^'^ ^^^^"^-^^'^ «^ -- tliai one
Ike the nouns of n.'

Class II, and changes the
last vowel of the
er,''^ r://''"^ V- -'^

^''^ '''^'^' ^'--^-' -^ -n
'
'"'"''' ' ^^^^ ^^^P ^ê final n of the
stem iik. ,r n, 'r^î^"'
nâny others, omit ^ before

f "•^'•^' --^"J
hke Class
like Ckl V ^^^'fV^^^^^'
and change the
vowel of the stem, like Clasn final
^
VI. Corpus tempus, vrdnus,
funus, &c., change the 1 ist vowel of '
1;^ i
cilT Vn """ "' '^"^ ^'^ ^^' ''''''^

'
^- ^' ^''- ^ -
FIRST LATIN READEH.
25
(1.) Classes II. & VT. Judex (stem, Judic-),
(2.) - IV. & VI. llortxo (stem, homin-),
judic-is.
(3.) - V. & VI. Miles (steni^ mUit-),

komin-is.
(4.) - VI. & VII. Cor^m (stem, corpor-),

mUit-is.
corpor-is.
SlNODLAR.
Plural.
(1.) N. d: Voc. Jfldex, m., a judge.
Judlc-es, judges.
Oen. Judlc-is.
Judic-um.
Dat. Judio-i.
Judio-ibus.
Ace. Judic-em.
Jndic-es.
AH. Judic-e.
Judic-ibns.
(2.) N. ct Voc. "HJ&mo.m., a man {mankind.) Homin-es, m,&i.
Oen. Homln-is.
Homin-um.
Dat. Homin-i.
Homin-ibus.
Ace. Homin-em.
Homin-es.
Ahl. Homin-e.
Homin-ibus.
i^.) N.d^Vcc. mi^n, ax., a soldier.
Milic-ris, soldiers.
Gen. Millt-is.
Milit-um.
Dat. Milit-i.
Milit-ibus.
Ace. Milit-em.
Milit-es.
All. Milit-e.
llilit-ibus.
(4.) N. V. A Ace. Corpus, n., a body. Corp6r-a, bodies, f~m
Oen. Corp8r-is.
Corpor-um.
Dat. Corpor-i.
Corpor-ibus.
Abl. Corpor-«.
Corpor-ibus.
.^.,. EXERCISE XI. .
Pater datauSta pignora fflio S. I

^ ™ ??SS?tadmis. -£^^^v -
—
S^^^rSj^^r " ''^'^ "^^- ^^Ses
ommum
mum nmtanf
horn TTmutant.
"
A
^"i-.y-ii.
Agncola laudat nemora

Duuinus est mort
'''^'' ^^^"^''^^-
a inntrn
s
p„nii„„
êmpora mores
/
The body of tho hnr.^l^„
eupply a shade to
the^êmLZ t^
lueveary husbandmen.
,%,";'-' ^^1
et rura oppidi sui.
T^'
,
^"'*- ^'^^ ^^^^

I
Anger supplies strength.
SUB—.wiBiBBBiiPI
'•^•siSSSiSKîSS
26 FIRST LATIN REAPER.
^nZ '''*; ^5' '^^' ^''' "^'"'^ ^'^^ the summit of

the
mountam.^'Tu
The sides of the mountain are white with deep
The snow
father gives a great dowry to
his beloved daughter.
The sha«ie
of the trees dehghts the
husbandman weary with his work. The
forces
of the enemy were hastening
through the forest. The flank
of the
enemy's cavahy was exposed.
SECTION V.
FOURTH DECLENSION.
^'^^
J;J^'
-tM o^-«. T' '^•*^'
Those m -^
Declension end, in the nominative,
are masculine or feminine,
in
and those in -u
Singular. Plural.
N. ds V'tc. Fruct-iis, m., fruit.
Fruct-fls, fruits.
Oen. Fruct-U8.
Fruct-iium.'
2>at. Fruct-ui. Fruct-Ibus.
Ace. Fru3t-um.
Fruct-U8.
Abl. Fruct-u.
Fruct-ibui."^
^. V. ttAcc. 6en-u, n,, a knee. Gen-ua, knees.

Oen. Gen-ua.
Gen-uum.
Dat. Gen-u. Gen-ibus.
Abl. Gen-u. Gen-ibus.
iV. <fc Voc. D8miis, a

f., house. DoityilB, houses,
Oen. Domus.* Bomilum or domSrum.
Dat, Domiii {rarely domo).
Somibus.
Ace. Domum. Domos (rarely domus).
Abl. Domd {ranly domu). Donubug.
2. The following list contains those

nouns which have usuallv
-uims mstead of -ibus in the dative
and ablative plural
farais, acus, partus, quercus,Jicus,
add, and anus,-
\jribus, lo cus, specus, too ; with
veru, pecu, paitui
J
• D-31M is ubtsU iu Uie sense of ••« hnmn."
PJitST LATIN RJSADEK.
27
XtxKAC. EXERCISE XII.
he
Agricolae laudant altas
qScufi Aifo *
^^ t^y^tBd
Serous 8UDlkta.ÛaâJir^^r Ssiiuj. ^raiit tuti. Ma Z*--^^

pairae. Ho«tium eqXtL e?.t ' ^^^ ^'"«"-e manus sunt -k«^.<^^
;/;, Naves mulê stm^l ^f^

a|W%/prerii^
^«^^«^«t.
""" ^°™:"* i^M laudat.
c£Bd raraosa sunt Comua
^âûs tua est magna,
socr«inamat. fi^â^ bona
in-law. 4 NeptJe e^^l T'"" "*" '"^ *''™ <l«>8htcre-

°" »' «« ^«^ Chariots
delight
boTThelTvantf""' f
temple are high.
TheS ^l^t ^'^ °^ '"^
boys were swimmine
toward! th^.h w h^r '!f'''
'°*^" »'"''''"'- '-The
SECTION VI.
ÎFTH DECLENSION
.-vhich is '"'''" '''''•

either nasculine or
feminS in l
th. ?"".
"'heptoal Theeo„p„„ndrSi!'':S;l':' """™"°^"
-Singular. t,
^ .
Plural.
Di-es, na. orf., o câj/.
Dl-es, m., (iai/«,
Gen. Dl-ei.
Di-erum.
Hat. LMi.
Di-ebus.
•4«. Dl-em.
4W. Di^.
Di-ebu8.
—
28 FIRST LATIN lUCADER.
Sthoitlar, Plural.
A^. <fc Voc. E-Ss, f., a thivg. B-es, things.
Otn. E-Si. B-erom.
Dot. B-li. B-ebus.
Ace. B-em, B-es.
AU. B-e. B-ibos.
Dies and res are the only words of this declension
2.
which have )
jthe plural complete. TJieseyen nouns,
acies, effigiesJacies, glacksyj
ben^, species, and spes have the nominative and accusative
plural //
but the others want the plural. )
f
3.(Syntax) Rule X.— The word indicating the point
of timeu
)at which anything occurs is put in the ablative. !)
The future indicative active of a verb of the First
_
4.
Conjugation ^
is declined as follows :
SiRQ. — Ain-5-bo, Am-a-bla, Am-a-bit,

/ shaU love. \ Thou wilt love. lie wUl love.
Plur.— Am-a-bimus, Am-a-bltis, Am-a-bunt,
We shall love. You wiU love. They will love.
Spes victoriae mUites dql^-.

Duces hostium.fiaeii'violabnnt.
meridiem miljtes ad magistratus festinanr lêa
0^.i ^ ?"^'^^ dabit filio
decoram caesariem. 'Acies hostiuin est longa. \f1*
Pecunia est matenes
.vA^"^.*"""^ "^feW-.w ?%t^ro die Caesar cum hostibus acie pugnat.
f^âcies tauritteri.-^ M.
Fortuna est domina humanarum rerum
C^ -i >:' Soror fidgi est justitia. Spii^ occasu Caesar
aciem Gallorum mUitibus
monstrat. Taurus pQctam comibus pulsat.
•^vf/v.' Tauri contr& leones
comibus pugnant. Cum hostibus patriae '^.>^'':.
pugnabitis.
On
the following day Caesar routs'the enemy's
cavalry with (ctm)
great slaughter. Luxury is the source of many evils. At sunset
Caesar's cavalry put to flight the army
of the Gauls. The ice
floats down the river. The
father kept his promise. The boy's
hopes wore vain. The arrival of her father will delight
the girl
Caesar will keep the promise which he
gave (i.e., the promise given)
to the army. The face of the girl was beautiful. Caesar was fight-
ing with all his cavalry. At sunset the Britons rout the enemy's
cavahy. The bulls were beating the doors
sunset the enemy hasten towards the
with their horns. About ^
gates of the city.
a-ci'M, -^
ft
t^
€L U, / .^^*». AM^'
FFRSTTCATIN HEADER
29
SECTION VII.
ADJECTIVES.
1. Adjectives may be divided into three
classes :-
(1.) Those which have three
forms-one for each gender- a.
^""' *^' ^^^^-^'^^ f°r the

Zw""^-m common, and
femmme masculine and
one for the neuter : ^Z"t
(3.) Those which have only
one form for all genders
n, /.;• •
,ycc,«^, mm., jeLix,

neut. ; «ar, masc.
var f^m
stantive. of theFira DedilT' *'''/i""°™ « d^'ined like sub-

'°'^*! '""'™""»
Th 1/
Ihose of the Second ' """J "^-''f "ke
f.. like ,»«â; î J!^ "^XC;' '°^""' '*' ''™"' *«"
<./.«; and rifnenmiiT T ^

T"' """^ '"»•> '^ declined
like
CLASS I._
SiNOULAR.
Masc.
^'em- XT i
ôm. B5n-ns, good. «- Neut
JS'^-a- Bon-um.
Oen. Bon-i.
Bon-ae.
^^. Bon-o. B^n-i.
Jo^-a«- Bon-o.
Ace. Bon-um.
Bon-am. bq^.^
Voe. Boa-e.
-4W. Boa>«. Jfon-om.
Bon-a.
Bon-o.
80
FIRST LATIN
READER,
PliURAL.
ftva.
N. «* Voc. Bon-i, Kent
Bon-ae
Otn. Bon-orum. Bon-a.
fion-arum.
-Do/. Bon-ig. Bon-oram.
Bon-ia.
Ace. Bon-08. Bon-ia.
fion-aa.
AU. Bon-is. Bon-a.
Bon-ia.
Bon-ia.
Singular.
^' * Voe. T8ner, tender.
Ten8r-i.
Oen. Ten8r-i. Tener-nm.
Tener-ae.
Jât. Tener-o. Tener-i.
Tener-ae.
Ace. TenSr-nm. Tener-o.
Tener-am.
Abl. Tener-o. Tener-um.
Tener-a.
Tener-o.
PlUlUL.
^-'tVoe. Tener-i.
, Tener-ae.
Oen. Tener-orum. Tener-a.
Tener-arum.
J>at. Tener-ia. Tener-orum,
Tener-ia.
Ace. Tener-08. Tener-ia.
Tener-aa.
AU. Tener-iB. Tener-a.
Tener-ia.
Tener-ia.
06..-Some adjectives are declined
in the masculine
^Qager; as,—
-Jôm. Niger Nigra, Nigrum.
Gen- Nigri, ifigrae,
Nigri, &«.
SiKOUlAR.
y. <t Voe.
CileT,Jleee.
CelSr-ia.
Oen. Celer-ia. Cel8r-e.
Celer-ia.
Dot. Celer-i. Celer-ia.
Celer-i.
Ace, Celgr-em. Celer-i.
Celer-em.
Abl. Celer-i.* Celer-e.
Celer-i.
Celer-i.
PlURAIi.
^- V. A Ace. Celer-ea,
Celer-ea.
Oen. Celer-um.f Celer-a.
Celer-um.
Dat. Celer-ibus, Celer-um.
Celer-ibua.
Abl. Celer-ibus. Celer-ibua.
Celer-ibua.
Celer-ibua.
• See notes • and
t. p. 31
1^- a:.
FIRST LATIN READER.
31
CLASS TL— SlNOULAR.
Maic. Fem,
y. Voc.
Kent
<t:
GrSv-ig, Jieavy. Grav-ia.
Oen. Grav-ig. Orav-«.
Orav-ia.
J)at.
Grav-ia.
Qrav-i. Grav-i.
Ace. Grav-i.
Grav-em. Grav-em.
Abl. Grav-e.
Grav-i.* Grav-i.
Grav-L
Plural.
^. r. J: Ace. Griv-es. Grav-«8.
Oen. Grav-ium.f Grav-Ia-t
Grav-ium.
Dat. Grav-ibua. Grav-ium.
Grav-ibua.
Abl. Grav-ibua.
Grav-ibua. Grav-ibua.
Grav-ibua.
SlNOriAR.
^' <fe Voc. Grfivior, heavier.
Gravior.
Oen. Gravior-ia. GraviuB.
Gravi6r-i8,
i>at. Gravidr-ia.
Gravior-i.
Gravior-i.
Ace. Gravior-i.
Gravior-em. Gravior-em.
A bl. Gravlua.
Gravior-e or-i.X Gravior-e or ~%. Gravior-e «• -i
Plttraii.
^- V. d: Acc. Gravi6r-ea.
Gravi3r-e8.
Oen. Gravior-um. Graviflr-a.
Gravior-um.
Dat. Gravior-ibua. Gravior-um.
Gravior-ibua.
Abl. Gravior-ibus,
Gravior-ibua. Gravior-ibua.
Gravior-ibua.
CLASS ITI..^
SlNOULAE.
Jf. dc Voc. Par, equal to. Par.'
Oen. Par-ia. Par.
par-ia.'
Dot. Par-i. par-ia.
Par-i.
Acc. Par-i.
Par-em. Par-em.
Abl. Par.
Par-i.§ Par-i.
Par-i.
the genitive plural: "'""'^ "^"''^''^ '^""^ -«'« >"

anîf neSr have L rV"' "'
Butcon,paratlveshaveony.«ra;S
' "^^^^ '" '^^ "°-'"-"ve plu^L
pp. 46, 47.
"'^ o^'For
a. hor eexceptions, see Schmltz's
Grammar,
t The ablative singular
ends either In -« or .•
n ^ 4„ „
.'„""';/""''""''-" Deiong to Class 1)1
''
"i sua is.; io
32
"RflT LATIN RRADER.
Maaa
Fern.
^- ^. <t-^<;c. Par-et. Neirt.
Par-eg.
ff i e'en. Par-ium, Par-la.
Par-ium.
/>a<. Par-ibua. Par-ium.
Par-ibns.
-4W. Par-ibu8. Par-ibu8.
Par-ibus.
Par-ibua.
IV. it Voc.
rsiix, happy,
Felix.
Oen. Fellc-i«.
Pellc-ia.
-Oa<. Pelic-i. Pello-ia,
Felic-i.
Ace. Felio-em. Pelic-i.
Pelic-em.
Abl. Felio-6 or Felix.
-i.
Pelic-e or -i.
Felic-e or 4.
Plural.
^- ^•'tAcc.TelicQa,
Felic-es.
Oen. Felic-ium. Felic-ia.
Felic-ium.
Dat. Felic-ibua. Felic-ium.
Felic-ibuB.
Abl. Felic-ibua. Felic-ibua.
Felic-ibus.
Felic-ibuB.
So,
Sapiena, Sapiena.
^^ Sapiena.
^«». Sapxeut.ia,Sapieut-ia.Sapient-ia,&<,
PRESEKT.
SiNa.-M|5n-e-o,
"^^«-«'
/ am advising M«n-«-t,
Thou art advising.
Pn7B.-.Kon-e-mua, ffei.L^.
^» advising.
^Vc are advising.
Mon-e-tis. J*^
IMPERFECT.
SiNQ.— Hon-e-bam,
I' was advising.
UoQ-e-baa. v
ytvR. -Mon-e-bSmua, TAott wert advising.
Mon-e-batia, '
He wn^ L ""'
We were advising. Mot-eTaut
rouêre advising.
Tke,.ereadvisir^,
FUTURE.
81N0.— Mon-e-bo,
Kon-e-bia,
I sliall advise. Mon-e-bit,
Thou wUt advise.
PiUB.-Mon-«.bImua, He will advise.
Mon-e-bitia,
We shall advise. Mon-§-bunt,
you will advise. Tluy will advist
KIRST LATIN READEK.
38
BJan^ts dominus semim 'fidelem vocat! ""Servi fideles

doniinos he-
nignos laudabunt. Copiae Caesaris
l^Z^L
in apert,«n. caiupum
A^kJ-
IvLl
Fess: nuhtes ^ ca^trafestinaba^ Cur ad M-^^^^T^^TZ^r^ZZ^
doceb^t. ruellae et
pucn magnam reginae coronam videbunt.
^^
..TÛupus Ferox j.J.,
asjionj teneran.
la^latai Leo agnum a^peris lacerat
aoC\Acer agricola ten^m vomere acuto
^jnim ^njent Cur lupum times
ambulabat
?
lacerabit. Parvi puerf
Regina pulchra in
Tzmeo hostes et («;^) dona
^^^ IZô
S
denS Ûut^
^
'^
ferentes. Brevi te-^fe
hostes castra movent e campo.
Cornua bovis sunt longa,
'""" ^"' father's Targe "cup.

m2'l'^
fining
^^^^ The active girls are
he cup with leaves. The boys, along with their
were filhng the cups with leaves.
The plough 13 heavy.
The timid cows fear the f
.
The crow has black feathers.*

dear sister
ThereTe
Je S
many tall oaks m the dense forest. The wise
father has a fool^h
I'river
the river
'
\t ^
T 'nJf
The b'lr round.
ball is ''''
The '
^^^ '^^^
ball is
^
smooth.
'^^^^'^' ^^
The balls are
m the farmer's house. Caesar's soldiera were brave.

men s The horse^
spurs are sharp.
SECTION VIII.
SOME IRREGULARITIES OF DECLENSION.
L SUJ3STANTIVES.
SlNOULAR.
Plural
JV. .fc Foe. Bos, m. or t',, an ox or cow. B5v-es, oxen.
Gen. Bovis.
Bo-um.
Dat. Bov-i.
Bubas, or bobus.
Ace. Bov.ftm^
Bov-es.
AU. Bov-e.
Babus, or bobus.
(122)
3
SlNOULAR.
Plural.
N. <k Voc. JQpiter, m., Jupiter.
Gen. J6v-i8.
Dot. Jov-i,
Ace. Jov-em.
All Jov-e.
N. I- Voc.Sgnex,* m. or t, an old man

Sen-es, old men or women.
Oen. Sen-is. [or woman. Sen-urn.
Dot. Sen-i.
Sen-ibus.
Ace. Sen-em.
Sen-es.
AU. Sen-e.
Sen-ibus.
ôm. Via, f., strength.

Vlr-es.
Gen. (Vis, rare.)
Vir-ium.
Lat. (Vi, rare.)
Vir-ibus.
Aec. Vim.
Vir-es.
Voe.
Vir-es.
Ahl. Vi. \
Vir-ibus.
^. Respuhhcam^jusjurandum are compound words, res

being
written contmuously with the
adjective publica, and
gerundive future participle
with thf y^
v^s.) jurandum. Each part of the
compound takes Its own peculiar inflexion :-
^
Singular.
Singular.
N. ds Voc. Ees-public-a, f., a republic. Jus-jnrand-um,
Gen. Eei-public-ae.
n., an oath,
Juris-jurand-i.
Dat. Eei-public-ae.
Juri-jilrand-o.
Ace. Eem-public-am.
Jus-jurand-um-
Abl. Ee-public-a.
Jure-jurand-o.
Plural.—Ees-publicae, &«.
3 Mx, fern, "snow," has the genitive niv-is,

from which the
other cases are regularly declined.
i. In the Second
Declension proper names in -im,
and the two
Common Nouns fihus and genius, make
the vocative in -I, mstead of
-«^ ; as, Appius, voc. Appi; filius, voc. Jill.
5. Substantives in -ius and -ium
occasionally made the ^
genitive
BiDûIar m
-t, instead of -u;
as, oH for otii
.Senex In properly an a<yectiv&
'11
'
FIBST LATIN READEB.

35
II. ADJECTIVES.
SlNOULAR.
Masc.
nen or women.
Kom. Un-as, owe.
_ ^^'^ Kent
"°-a- TJn-um.
Oen. Un-Iu«.
Un-Iu8. xjn-Iua.
Dat. Un-i.
Ace. Un-um. Un-am. XTn-um.
Voc. Un-e. U^^-a- Un-um.
Abl. Un-o. Un-a. Un-o.
7. But the common forms of such
adjectives, viz., -i in the geni-
tive, and -0 m the dative, are occasionally
used by certain writers
i ne -t of the genitive singular is usually long.
8. In the same way are declined the
follomng:—
Nullus, nme.
Nentor, ndther of two.
Ullu8,a7iy.
Vt^t, which of two.
Totns, all, whoU. Aliua. one {of many.)
Unus, on«.
Alter, o«€ (o/ <wo), &c.
9. The plural of these words isregular, like bonus.
10. (Stnâx) RtTLE XI.- Verbs and adjectives
signify Mch
n., an oath.
TZr '' '^''''^^^^'"^'' ^^'''''' <^ unlikeness, are
followed by
[That is. adjectives and verbs which, in English, are followed "
bv "to
fS Thus v^L •
T^"*?''''^^^
^'''*' ""^^^ ^« ^°«« h^'-'" to tL'
i/rtîfU EXERCISE XV. .^^/^ .-
Im leonis sunt ingentes. Senez fig^d^biKs annis et

^tXt""
Mdtormn senum capUli sunt cani. 5|minft^vis sunt ma ^ W,c^ /-
pabulum bubus dabatûmter m.igna vi tonat. Agricolae omne

Jovem magna voce .nî#-In
&£t^ est inimica virtutL
sepulchro pauper
Virtus civium est
mi p^êsl Ucl.
gZêMicJ*
<^,!^^^^}^^y^^^r^^^^î.
«ft«" omitted in Latin, as
Vires y^ J.^^^,, ^„.
"
.^...,'
ÎI!'.' ?!!^'**""^« •"

in Enells'h'^.^^h« „.,„„..„„ ..:;
t But par sometimes governs the

genitive.
36 .„
OaU,ae „M™t Caesar. AJori* aivlt™ î inêTZlZ^nr
-•ickeJ dread J'M'J^r w,th „„„,, ,„,,, „,,

JovetZ„W„T,f ''""'"^' '""'"<* "'l'
stall ° 'he
of the oxen with I'
,
,'
T
w th t ,0 "
equality rt " ""' S'"™ ">» P"" "^^ »" «"
•
The8la™,arepla t ri^'"' ""^ ''"'"' *° *» '"P'""!"-

^Ho points ou?tr;;xr;i;it:nor:rr^^*- ^''^
SECTION IX.
'
COMPARISON OP ADJECTIVES
^°-'-^»"-«" P»'tive, the
C^'^V^^.Zr^^ZZ::
POSITIVK.
Comparative. Superlative.
Clar-us, dear.
Clar-ior.
Saev-us, cruel. Clar-issimuB.
Saev-ior.
Grav-is, heavy. Saev-issimus.
Grav-ior.
lev-is, light. Grav-issimus.
In Lev-ior.
lev-isaimuB.
4. Exceptions: —
Pulcher {stem pulchr-), Tener-rinms.

/air. Pulchr-ior.
Acer (<?m acr-), aAarp. Pulcher-rimus.
Acr-ior. Acer-rimns.
• LlteraUy, "there are
to —
thTô." ,
.•.
— ,,, ...,,„,„.
liie one
v
iiasi
PmST LATIN RKADER,
37
(^) fi« Adjectives, ending in -lU,
take -limu. in the
Suj^riative
Ficll-ii, easy. ScPERLATIVg,

Facil-ior.
Gricll-ia, slmder. Paoil-limuB.
Oracil-ior.
Hfimll-is, hw. Oracil-limai.
Humil-ior.
Slmll-iB, like.
Humil-limui,
Simil-ior.
Difflcil-ii, difficult. Simil-limua.
Difflcil-ior.
DiasimU-ii, wUikc. Difflcil-limua.
Biasimil-ior
Biaaimil-limua.
^^"uiui-uuiua.
POSITIVR.
COMPARATIVK.
Mil2dlc-ua, abusive. SUPERLATITB.
Maledicent-ior.
Malefic-ua, vidous. Maledicent-iaaima*.
Maleflcont-ior.
MilSvdl-ua, Ulditpoted. Maleflcent-iasimus.
Malevolent-ior.
Malevolent-iaaimus.
So also,
Egen-ua, needy.
Egent-ior.
Pr6vid-ua,/ome«nf7. Egent-Iaaimua.
Provident-ior.
Provident-iaaimni.
PnarmwrvB
PoSITJYB,
CoMPARATIVa.
BSnua, good. SUPKRLATIVE.
Melior.
Malus, bad. Optimua.
Pejor.
Maguua, great. Peasimug,
Major.
Multua, mucK Maximua,
Plus.
Parvus, amaU. Plurimus.
Minor.
Nequam, worthless.
Minimus.
Nequior.
Senex, an old man. Nequissimua.
Senior.
Juvlnia, a young Natu maximua.
man. Jflnior.
Natu minimus.
6. A f« Adjectives have two forms in the
Superlative ; a»,
Extgrus, bei7ig outside.
Exterior, (mtcr. / ^xtremus, (sometimes
Infgrua, being under.
Posterns, being behind.

â;. lacei . 1
lorn ^y,^^ j^^
^^
\ thcr's death.
~^r''^'â, uctng above.

Supmor. AÂer. i time); aummu«, the
V highbst.
38 FIRST LATIN READER,
7. A few have no proper Positive, but

the positive stem appears in
adverbs or other indeclinable words
; as,—
POSITIVH StbM. Comparative, SUPKKLATIVK.
(Ante, before.)
Anterior.
(Citi-a, on thia side.)
Citerior.
CItlmuB.
(De, down.)
Deterior,
Detexrimus.
{Intra, within.)
Interior. Intlmus.
(w/fj/s, awi/t.)
Ocior.
Ocissimas.
(Pria, or prae, before.)
Prior. Primus.
(Props, near.)
PrSpior. Prozimus.
(Secus, otherwise.
) Sequior, (n. sequins or
(Ultra, beyond.)
Ulterior. [sflcius.) Ultimus.
8. (Syntax) Rule Xll.-Tke comparative degree goverm ttve

abtative of the object with whixih
comparison is instituted : as, Dulcior
\n%\\Q, sweeter than hoi^y
; FUia pulchrior matre, a daughter more
beautiful ttian leer mother.
,r/
id ., EXERCISE m
4uram gravius est argento. Amentum vilius est auro, virtutibua
aurum.Tuiius Hostilius ferocior M<tômulo.
Puella pulchrior est
^Vvvv/ pulchra
i
matre. :SM
est praestantius virtute. Nemo Romanorura
doquentior erat Cicerone. Lupi ferociores sunt quam* canea
Monesto {to the honourable man) carior est fides, quam pecunia;!^***'^-'
pecunia.'ît
Equus est celerior quam canis. Magujter
est doctissi^ omnium.
1 i
hx<-i Unus erp,t

Onus erst gravissimum.
eravissimnm. Hieme ^\Ja w>„,-^>„„ „„_i.
TTifimA djS Zî _
bêviores sunt quam nocC*^--
Kc.aam, urbem Ttaliae cIarissimam,laudabatpoeta.
FUius maior A- ,
estpatre. ôb^ri parentibus sunt §imillimi. FHia pulchra pulch- V

emmae matri est siraiUiraa. Luna minor
imus planetarum.
est terra. Sol est max^ ' ^^..
Caesarera, et mum fortissimum, et imperatorem
suramum, laudabunt posteri.
(Qhfa'Sst ocior ventis.' 'Tortus erat
oelebemraus. Juvenis erat nequissimus
omnium aequalium. Hostes
extremum oppidura Sequanorum oppugnabant.
Hieme pauperes
sunt egentissimi. Senem sapientissimum omnes amant. Gloria
populi Romani erat summa in re militari.
• Wl.eu qmu^_ 'uiai.,- i» ^pressed, tbe second oub,u«uye

m caae. agrees witii Uie iirst
'
FIRST LATIN READER.

im appears in 89
The boy was wiser than his eister.
The work was very ea^v
trPRRLATIVK.
The .vorks were veiy difficult.
Bons were n.ore fortunate
The girl was veiy na^ghr
than their parents.
Th7girl is mo e slen
Z
der than her brother. Dogs
are more sagacious thf^cl
In the
tlmus.
JteiTimus. SdiT r!"; --,^^--t
splendid
apples.
In the forest beside the river
The peacock's tail sve:^
there were veiy many ponlZ
tlmus. trees. The queen is the most wretched
of all womeS^ The brid^«
issimas. IS broader than the
road. The lion's teeth
imua.
ozimus.
was the oldest of the sistei..
often dread the smaUest
evils.
are vl^ stlg
The crane has a ve^ ông necK.
'^'^^J' Men W LkCo2a
fa
timus.
ffovems the
as, Dulcior
SECTION X
'
tff/Uer more
THE NUMERALS.
, virtutibua
iilchrior est ^^^nas.
^- iôrunus,8eep,35.
lomanorum
m* canes,
Masc. Fem.
JVom.. Dfi-o. Fern. Nent,
a pecunia^»«**'«— Du-ae.
Gen. Du-6rum. Tres. Tria.
s omnium, Du-arum.
Dat. Du-6bus. Trium. Trium.
im nocl^ ' '^ Du-abus.
Ace. Du-6s. Tribus. Tribus.
Su-as.
ilius major /u, / Abl. Du-obus. Tres. Tria.
Du-abus.
bra pulch- ^^ Tribus. Tribus.
est mas-r,^.^ c,jJit^ CAEDINAL8,
ORDIKAL8. MDWIPUCA-
DISTBIBCTIVES.
iperatorera 1. Unus, una, un- T1TE8 (ADV.)
'6rtus erat um, one, riim-u8, a, um, flrst.
f Slnpfill, ae, a, )
( one each time. SSmel, onofc
t. Hostes 2. Duo, duae, duo. i Sgcund-us, a, um, or |
t alter. Binl, ne, a.
BiB.
pauperes 3. Tres, tres, t ^ Tertiua.
4. Quatuor. Terni, or trlnl.
Gloria Quaitus. Tgr.
6. Quinque. QuSternl
Quill tus. QnSter.
6. Sex. Qninl.
Sextus. Quinqniea.
7. Septem, SCnl.
iîtb tiie tirst

8. Octo.
y. KSTem.
Septimus.
Octavns,
NCnns.
Septgnl.
OctonL
Sexies.
Septies.
Octles.
I
10. Dfcwa NfiTSnL
D«cimua Nfiyiea
Dfini.
I>eciee.
I '"J
40 FIfiST LATIN READE2,
C'ASDIHALS. ORDINALS. UtaTIPUOA-

DISTRIBUTITJBS.
TIVE8 (ADT.)
U. UndSclm. UndScimua UndSnL
12. DuodSclra. Undgclea
Duodecimus. DuodSnL
13. Tr6(18clm. Duodficieai
Tertlus declmus. Terni dCnL TerdCcies.
14. Quatuordecira.
15. Quindecim.
Quartus declmus. Quatemi denL Quaterdecics.
i
Quintus decimus. Quini deni. Quinqulesdecieii
16. Sedeclm. Sextus declmui ( Sexiesdecies, or
Seni denL
\ sedeciea
17. Septendecim. Septimus decimus. Septeni
4 denL
»>...„ Septiesdecies.
ivôuciîca,
.jiîî
18. DuodSTlgintL DuodCncSsimus. f Octoni denL or Octlesdecies, or

duodevicenL
I duodevicies.
19. UndevlgintI, Undevicesimus. NdvSul deni, or Noviesdecies, or
^
( undevicenL undevicies.
20. Vffflntl. Vicgslmus. VlcenL Vicies.
21. Vigintiunus. Unus et vlccsimus. Vlceni sinifulL Seintl et Ticies
22. Vlglntl duo. ) Alteretvicesimus. or ) ,^
\ vicesimuseecundus. ] ^''^^°' •»""' Bis et vicies
30. Triglnta. ( Tricesimus, or til- ) ^ ,
gesimus. TrlcgnL Triciea,

( /
40. QuSdrSginta. Quadrageslmus. QuadragSiiL Quadraglcs.
50. Quinquaginta. (ûinquagesiruus. QuinquagenL Quinquagiea
60. Sexaglnta. Sexagesimus. SexagenL Sexagles.
70. Septuaginta. Septuagesimua. SeptuagenL Septuagies.
80. Octogirita. Octogesiraus. OctogenL Octogies.
90. NOnaginta. Nonagesimus. NonagenL Nonagies.
100. Centum. Centesimust CentenL Ceuties.
101. Centum et nn-^
ns, orcent
itum \ Centeslmuft primus. ^^"'eni sing. Ceil ties
nnui.
J
{
(
» —
ulL semeL
et
102. Centum et duo. Centesimnssecundus Centenl blnL Centies et bis,

.*'''^ ^'icentesimus. DacenL
S'?".
800. TrficentL ae. a. Trecentesimus.
Ducenticii.
TiecenL Trecenties.
400. Quadnngentl, )
ae, a. \
Quadnngentesimus. QuadrlngenL Quadrlngentlee
600. Quingentl,ae,a. Quingentesimus.
QulngenL Quingentiee.
600. Sexceut., ae. a. Sexccnteslmus. SexcenL Sexcenties.
700. Septingeiiti, ae, ) „
g^ > Septlngenteslmus. SeptlngenL Septingentiea
800. Octingenti, ae, ) „
a_ > Octingenteslmus. OctlugenL Octlngenties.
900. Nongenti, ae, a. Nongenteslmus. NongenL Non gentles.
"- *^'"®' Millesimus.
I2XX' Singula mlllia. Millies.
2000. Duo mlllia, or \ „
bis mllle. / ^" mlllesimna. Blna millla. Bis millies.
?""'"" """'"• ^^"^'^s niUleslmus.
tnSffi Centum mlUia.
1U0,000.
Dena millla. DeclM mlllles.
Centiea millealians. Centena millla Centies milliea
For other NwnxeraU, see Granwuxr.
f 3*1
)
FIE8T LAXm HEADER.
KXTVttfUOA-
TIVE8 (adv.)
n
JndScies.
>uodficieSi
erdficiea.
uaterdecici
SECTION XI.
iiinqulesdeciea
Bxiesdecies, or
sedeciea
THE PRONOUNS
jptiesdecies.
ctiesdecies, or
duodevicies.
Jviesdecies, or
undevlcies.
Icies.
niel et Tlcies
I. SUBSTANTIVE OR PERSONAL
PRONOUNS.
i et vicies
( SiNQULAB.
Iciei
\ 1 Pera
SPera.
adragics. 9 Ten.
Nom.tgo,!,
inquagiea
j TQ, thou.
lagies.
Gen. mUofme.
^î, of him^filf, ,t-c.
)tuagiea.
,
<^ VI jor aice. olî, to or for
togies. himadf,
n»iries.
Ace. Me, me.
itie& Te, thee.
S§, hiimdf, he^-adf,
ifies et Voe. itseif.
3meL
ities et bi& «. ^*. ^"•. '*». u,û^,.^..
ienticii. i
:;ri'^'^'°»'
Jenties.
dringetiMec PiURAL.
igentiea. A'ow. N8s, we, «««
"'
:eotiea. Gen. Nostri, or """; '
nostrum Velf
ingentiea.
Z>-. N5MMoor/..^.
ngenties. V6;isXor/..,o. SIM, .. or /. .;^..
gentles.
es.
lillies.
roc. — ;?'' ^'^' Se, /AemcZre,.
''i
ica
miUles.
milliea
"t'r-^^- T;r-^'- -•-./-,-. *^-' 2'<«'-
themselves.
*" "'« '"''J^'t of the

principal clame Wh^. !' ' T.'*'""'
«ie proper case of

". ">, m; ate. iU„.. iiL^ . ™ I,. ° .^''P'*'^™ ""y
« the substantive pro„;„; of "' '"' "' ^ """' "^

S'SoT'
42 FIRST L.VTIN READER.
tl. ADJECTI7E PRONOUNS.

3. (r.) The Possessive Pronouns are
formed from the r.er8onal«
I- If
masculine m'! ' ^ ^' ^'^* ^^ "^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^"S^^^r
^^'^^^^ ^^'^^ "^^^^'" ^^^"gh sometimes
Xl
used ^^î'êmnh^?'"'"''
orT « ^/T"^ P™""' ^^ S^"^^^"y ^"^<^b^d to other
Singular.
Pltjral.
Masa Fem. Neut
Fem. Neut
iVbffi. Ipse, Ipsa. Ipsum, self.
Ipsae. Ipsa.
e'en. Ipsius. Ipsius. 'Ipsius.
Dat. Ipsi. Ipsarum. Ipsorum.
Ipsi. Ipsi.
Ipsis.
^ cc. Ipsum. Ipsam. Ipsum.
Ipsis.
Voc. Ipsas. Ipsa.
Abl. Ipso. Ipsa. Ipso.
Ipsis. Ipsis.
speaker, or to what has been

mentioned farther back :-
Singular.
Plural.
Masc. Fem. Neut Maso. Fam.
Mm. Hie. Haec. Hoc, this. Hi.
Neut
Oen. HajuB. Hae. Haec
Hujus Hujus. Horum.
Do*. Huic. Harum. Horum.
Huic. Hoio. His. His. His.
Ace. Hunc. Hano. Hoc. Hos. Has.
Voc. Haec.
Abl. H5c. Hac. Hoc. His. His. His.
Nom. Ille. Ilia. lUud, that. Illi- like.
Oen. niius. Ilia.
Illius. Illius. Illorum. lUarum. Illorum
Dat. Illi. Illi. Illi. Illis. Ulis.
Ace. iiiis.
Ilium. lUam. Illud. Illos. Iiias.
Voe. .
Ilia
*», AhL Illo. lUa. Illo.
I V«1 ! _
i.i.ilS.
i nils. Illis.
i Si
ij
FIRST LATIN READER.

43
Iste utaisttcd, <'that of
6.
yours," has reference to the
person. second
It is declined like zlle, ilia, illud.
7. h, taid, "the person or thing
before mentioned " is more of
Singular.
Plural.
Maac. Fern. NeuL Masc. Fem,
Kvm. Is. Ea. Kent
Id, this {fiere). li- Eae. Ea.
Om. Ejus. Ejas. Ejus.
Bai,.
Eomm. Earum. Eorum.
Ei. Ei. Ei. lis or eis. lis, eis. lis, eis.
Ace. Eum. Earn. Id. Eos. Eas. Ea.
Voc.
AU, Eo. Ea. Eo. lisoreis. lis, eis. lis, eis.
'""' "'"= '"'"^•" " -"^^ "P «' «. -. ^, and

the .^r:^""'
Singular.
Masc Fem.
ôm. Idem, Neut
the aame. E&dem.
Gen. Ejusdem.
Idem.
Ejusdem. Ejusdem.
Dat. Eidem.
Eidem. Eidem.
Ace. Eundem. Eandem.
Voc. .
Idem.
Abl. ESdem. Eadem. ESdem.
PluraIi.
Jfom. Hdcm. Eaedem. £&dem.
Gen. Eorundem.
Earundem. Eorundem.
I>at.lisdem or eisdem. lisdem, &c lisdem, Sco.
Ace. Eosdem.
Voe. - —
AU. lisdem or tisdem.
Easdem. Eadem
lisdem, &c. lisdem, &c.
'^° ?°',''''™ ''""""' ?"'' "

J^J7'^
«fe« to a noun (called
P"^' !?'«"'> "who," "which
the « antecedent") ii a foreg„i„»
clausT t4
bekgatta^hedrtw:;:^'^*"*' ^'' '^' ''' "^^ -""••«"'

44 rinsT LATIN READER,
SlirODLAR.
PlURAt.
>f"c Fem. Neut Masa Fem.
lôm. Qui. Quae. Neut
Qu5d. Qui.
Gen. Ctyus. Quae. Quae.
CujuB Cujus. Quorum. Quarum. Quorum.
iMt. Cui. Cui. Cui. Quibus. Quibus. Quibuj.
Act. Quern. Quam. Quod QuoB. C,.v
Voc. • . Huae.
Abl. Quo. Qua. Quo. Quibus. Q.i J. QuibuB.
WHO, which, what, differs but slightly from tlio Relative :-.
SlNQULAR.
Plural.
JIaac. Fem. Kent »f(wc Feia Kent
.Vom. Quis. Quae. Quod or quid, Qui. Quae.
Oen. Cujus. Quae.
Cujus. Cujus. Quorum. Quarum. Quorum.
Dot. Cui. Cui. Cui. Quibus. Quibus. Quibus.
Ace. Quem. Quam. Quod or quid. Quos. Quas. Quae.
Voc. .^ .
Abl. Quo. Qua. Quo. Qu'hus. Quibus. Quibui.
.a'tL ShC' '"'"• "" °"'" ^"'^"''Sative, U aeelinod exactly
one,"
?«orf or
"any one/' ded
a%M,a, "son,e7ne°'
X CnCS «w7
'"r
" ""^'
'I'l^'^,
"^"™°
"Itqua,
''"''*'"' »'
<,li-
?».-*fa«,.U%=rki„o„^.T^„e'not";trt:^"''
,-.»,^«<',^ « rtosofv^rS. r Oberv'^rn-'""™"*'"'
¥ I
SiNQ.— Sum, Zawt.

jEs, Âom ari. Est,
Pi-UR.— Sumus, we are. /te M.
Estis, 2/ou are.
Sunt, t/iey are.
quem lauda., est fortis ; Mulieies, quas vides

' ^ ^vlZlZnt Â^^'^^^
' g^«*cUes sunt Carnium.
*-
quae cantn. sunf n«„„ ;
WEST LATIN READER,
4&
«» 7 in. »yv"-
Pater mens te amat. Soror ftia mihi rln^nf »,-
'£d
i>^;
•
^liles quern laudas fidem non^^T^n ^''^^^^^^^SailDa.'
'i^-.J
vobiscum
puguatk Cui coenam paras ! Om,I If f "
Milites
uivocabis?
q™ lauda.j^Zdo nt stat *
XIT ^^j™ deoram
*°'^'""'
non
JtrhKreharTvTr'"^"^.'"*'"^^^^ ^^^
Those /ave. îll'^J^,^:

InXlLXTntr"
Wat was the caie^' the w^ r m T.' '"' """' """8»-
^
• The syllable me/ "gpifM. «« j.^ ,
'^
Pronoun^ to nâk^hemtore
emS^ti' 5t ,
°
? T"^"* ^" ^^ t^^^ Personal
proaoun.soth.tthetwofonnTerra;'^;t:;rr^r^^." '" "t^chedtothe

"o, .
wmn, tecum, nobuoutn,
vcbitcum, Ac
4G FIRST LATIN READER.
SECTION XII.
THE VERB.
tion atut 1^^^^^^^^^^^

'' '''''' ^'^^^ ^^ -^ ^ -ê an .ser-
2. Verbs are divided into two cla^sses,
according to their meanin?,-
(1.) Transitive, m
which the action or feeling is represented
aspassm^ over to some object ; as, I strike the doq
He loves hu father.
(2.) iNTRANaiTivE, in which (a) the action
or feeling is repre-
sented aa not passing over to an
object, but as confined
to the subject; as, / run,
I walk, I reflect: or in
which {b) a state or condition is
expressed : as, / am
I stand, Ifejoice.
'
3. Verbs have two voices-the Active and

the Passive
4. The forms of the Active
Voice indicate that the subject
of the
sentence represents the doer of the
action expressed by the verb •
as
J he hoy strikes the dog. ' '
t 5. The forms of the Passive Voice

indicate that the subject
of
the sentence represents the object
of the action expressed by
the verb ' •
ns. The dog is struck hy the

hov
'°" ''"'^^-^"^-*-' Subjunctive, Imperative,
and rSivf
7. Besides these there are three other
forms, which partake partly
of the nature of the verb, and
partly of that of the noun
: (1 ) The
sÂ
iZZJ-l'
I2V in/
^l^
^'
""'\'^ «di«««ve,-a., aman., declined like
f^^î^rus, -a, ^m*
like bonus, -a, -urn-
(2.) The Supme, which is a verbal
substantive of the Fourth
dension, having an accusative De
and an ablative case: and
Gerund, which (3.)
^ The
a verbal substantive.
is ^
8. Tense meam time. Verbs have six Tenses.

Three of thesP
he Present Perfect, and Future,
tenses as they represent the
are called
three great
^4rorir;
divisions of time the
ent^ the past, preT
and the future. The other three,
the Imperfect Pin
perfect, andFuturePerfect, are called secondar;
tenses 'tS Perfect
• The student will observe, in the
Table of the Vprh th«t i,. *^. . .
thepartiCple of p«^ «^
„ wanting. ThVdefect ]! TIISh
El,u.uvc acsoiute. 07 oy a relative
clause, introduced usually
t'HL^?}':!':^'.^
by 'i^^r
'' ""= ""
FIRST LATIN READER.
47
Tense serves not only as a proper Perfect,
I have written, but also
a*
an Indefinite (aorist) Tense, / wrote.
9. Three tenses, the Present,
Imperfect, and Future, represent
an action a^ incomplete and three, the Perfect, Pluperfect,
;
and
h uture Perfect, represent it as completed.
tke an asser- 10. There are two Numbers, Singular and
Plural ; and three Per-
sons m each Number.
'
meaning;, 11. Verbs are divided, according to their
^ stems and inflexions,
represented into four classes, called Conjugations,
which are distinguished by tlie
he the dog; termination of the present infinitive;
thus,—
ig
I. The First Conjugation haa -arg, as
is repre- ftmarg, to love
as confined
led: or in
IV. The Fourth
; as, / am, as audirS, to hear,
. . -i,.g,
12. The stem of amar.

properly speaking, ama-; of
is,
monê,
mone-;môiaudire audi-; but for convenience in
ject of the conjugation
and for the purpose of avoiding confusion,
the four classes are printed
e verb ; aa, uniformly as if the stem of each
ended in a consonant,-
am. were the stem olamare, mon- as if J,
of mon,re, and and- of
subject of avdire,'
as Leg- is of legSre.
jr the verb While atna- as seen in the present
13.
imperative, is the primary
and proper stem of the whole verb,
it will be found
mperative, advantageous^
^êms appearing
in different tenses of
verT
he verb
the "L.^^^^^r^^^^^^
Thus, while ama- or am- is the
stem of all presents and
ake partly imperfects, amav- (perfect) may
be taken a. a second^ stem
: (1.) The mng through all the perfects and run-
pluperfects ; and am«/, occuirin.
;lined like
-um: ,7m? ^''^"'' participles, and future subjunctives.

-a,
)urth De- J.:-' J? ^^J\^^^^^^ parts of the verb, which
exhibit all the
.
(3.) The tive, perfect indicative, supine,
and present infinitive. These are
of these,
r leading
the pres-
fect, Plu-
le Perfect
itlye Voice,
48 FIBST LATIN UKADKR.
SECTION XIII.-REGULAR
ACTIVK
Principal Parts— Amo. Amfivi,
INBIOATIVR.
SCDJUNOTIVK.
rUKS—d love, or I ar^ loving, Ac.)
(1 nmy or may bo loving,
lovn,
S. Axn-o,
Am-as, Am.&t
I
&a)
Ara-em, Am-gs, Am-et
'
£;_^g
^mQ», Am-atla Amant ,
Am-§mua. Am-gtis, Am-ent
JI/P£RF.~a was lovliiK, &^) (I "ilKl.t, could, would, or should
be
loving, Ac.)
a. Am-JSUm, Am-fibS,,. Am-ahilt
f. Am-ttl)aina8, Am-an-in, Am-Sros, Am-firct
Am-iibatls, Am- Ainaromus, Am urotis,
abant Amirent
FUT.~{\ shall or will lovo, or
bo loving,
Ac)
(I moy be about to love, Ac)
S. Am-ibo, Am-ftblsMm-ablt
AmatQrus sim,' Amaturiu
ala,
P.
Amaturus sit
Am-abimfis, Am-abl«8, Am-
Amaturi simus, Amaturi
ibant ritii,
Amaturi aint
/•JPi?/-..-! have loved, Ac., or I lo"vcd,"Ac) '
S.
(1 may have loved, Ac)
Aaav-i, Amav-isti, Amav-it
Amav^rim, Amav-lria, Amav
grit
P. Amav-ImuB, Amav-istia, Am-
Amay^rimus, Amav-grftia, Am-
ftv-grunt, or ere
av-grint
PLUPERF.-{1 had loved, Ac.)
(I might, could, would,
or should
have loved, Ac)
Ill
S. AmSv-gram, Amav-6ras, Am-
Amav-issem, Amav-isses,
ttv-lrat Amkr.
is.set
P. Amav^ramns, Amav^ratis, Amav-issejnus, Am&v-iaaetis,
Amfiv-grant Am-
av-issent
FUT. PERP.~a
shall have loved, Ac)
S. AmSv-cro, Amav-^ris, Amav-
ent
P. Amav-grtmus,
AmSv-Srttis,
Amiv-grint
SUPINEa.
1st, Amat-um, to love.
2d, Ama-tu, to be loved.
• The pupU wlU refer to

verb JUm. ftooMnn vim
)
4Qi
EGULAR
VERBS— FIRST CONJUGATION.
VOICB.
Ainatum, Amare, to love.
% IMPKUATIVK.
bo loving, &C.)
INFINITIVR. PARTIOIPtl.
l-et (Lovo thou, Ac)
(Toloô.) (Loving.)
Am-ent —1 Am-a Am-&re Am-an«, -ans, -an» [&c.
—, Am-&t6
I, or shoiilil be Am-aQti8,-anti8,-antit
>
Am-iirct
lis, Am-arent
love, 4c.)
Clhou Shalt love, Ac.) (To be about to love.) (About to love.)
uaturua sla,
-, Am-ftti), Am-Ato Am&t-flrtim*) Am&t-tlrus, -nri
laturi iltii, ^nram > esse Amat-ura, -orae
-, Am-&t6te, Am- urum ) Amat-arum, -uri, ko,
anto [See Put. Participle.]
Ac)
[Prom stem of supine.]
«,
ris, Amftv (To have loved, Ac
Am&v-isse
•Srftig, Am-
or should
)
sea, Atn&v.
isaetis, Am-
OKRUND.
êc. Amand-um, hving.
Dat. Amand-o, to or
Otn. Amand-i, of loving. for loving.
401. Amaiid-o hy,from, or in lonng.
,
1122;
^
60
II
"B3T LATIN RRADBR.
At'EOULAR VERBS.-
PASSIVJ!
Principal PARTSÂmor,
Amatus
IWDIOATIVlt.
B^BJOWOTIVB.
PRES.—(l am loved, Ac.)
8. Am-or, Am-irl« (or -ire), may be loved,
(I
Ac.)
Am- Am-«r, Am-grii (or
itfir -ere), Am-
II Stur
P. Am-amur, Am-ftmini, Am-
antur
Am^mur, Am-8mlnl. J»jn-entur
I
fUPERF.-d waa [belnR] loved, Ac.)
Am-£batur '
^'' ^""^rer, Am-4reris (or -Srere)
R Am-sKa~.,.
P. Am-abamur, A__.
Am-abSnifnl, An.
Am-aretur
^ ^''
Sbantur ' Am-Sremur, Am-5remlni,

;
irentur
Am-
PUT.~(X sliall or will be loved,
Ac)
S. Am-ibor, Am-ab?rig, (or
-ab»re),
Am-ablti^
P. Am-ablmur,
Am-abWni, Am-
abuutnr
PERF.~(,l waa, or I have been, loved,

Ac.)
(I may have been loved, Ac.)
S. Amat-us (-a, -um) sum, Amat-
M Amat-us (-a, -urn) lim,
88, Amat-us esi Amat-u.
sis, Amat-us
P. Amat-i (ê, -a) sit
siimuB, Amat-i Amat-i (-ae,
«»'i«, -a), simus, Amat-i
Amat-i aunt
Mtis, Amat-i sint
i»i07'îZ/'._(I had been
loved, Ac.) rimi ^. v
8. AmSt-us gram, Amat-us J^'f*°"»>ould have been loved. Ac.)
e>^
^âs, AmSt-us essera, Amat-us
Amat-us, erat esses,
P. Amat-i erSmus,
\
Amat-i erant
Amat-i erStis
«''«*'«. UAt^f mat-,
"' 'f'"'
essSmus, Amat-i essetis,
'^'"**"' essent
.
^
____^^ I
FUT. PERP.-^ ahall have been loved,

Ac)
Amat-us gro, Amat-us
S.
ens.'
Amat-ua erit
P. Amat-i erfmus,
Amat-i erltis.
Amat-i erunt
• It wm be observed that in thf Pawlve
'""^•'^ttîUi^^Mi
WltlwiiVi
rmar lattn khadfti.
61
ERBS.- PIRST CONJUGATION.
PASSIVR
VOICB.
',
Amatiis
Bum, Amari, to be loved.
B.
IMPKRATIVl. INflHITIVB,
Ac.) PARTIOIPLI.
(Be thou loved, Ac.) 1—
(To be iored.)
-ere), Am-
-, Am-&re Am&.ri
^jn-enttu*
-, Am- &mlnl
oved, Ac.)
(or -arere),
ntni, Am-
(Thou (halt ba loved, (To be about to be loved,

Ac.)
(Deaerving or requiring
Ac.)
to
be loved.)
— , Am-itor, Am-ator Axnit-oin Iil
Am-andns, -anda,
-, Am-iblmlni,
-andum
Am- Am-andi,
&ntor -andae,
-andi, kc.
1. (5(TNTAx) l^TTT.w XIV - I>,7m o/.^fw,,;, r/^.^^rm^, «n</
/a-l:,'m,
rr;m;/, y,„mi </,<• rAi</,r ^r^VA M^ rrt^c^mr/tt,,... a.t, Poeta
dat carinina
rtîjinao, //*<? ;w< y/,v., ,w.w /o
</,^ 9,,,^; Pucr rem
otinieni patri
uulioayit, t/,c hot,
,hchtrfti the whole matter to hu father.
2. Tho iiulioath^ mood is used U^ stato
facta.
n. TIio
Ruhjunotivo ruo(vl is Jiscd to expross
what is concciyed
n,s possible, or oontitigcnt
0.1 cirotinistancos. It is often used for the
iiiiporative, especially in the
present tenso.
EXERCISE XVIII.
r;u.tor parat insidin. hipo.

ruellac, qna^ kudas,
/, a,l mediam noc
ton) .aUnbant. Aqnilac volabnnt ad Wa.^ 'Agricola ctim servis
Mils ooenavorat. llostes sih.ts .Wffe^pnpavcr^nit.
Pater mens i,l
enraverat. Vos foâycratis ; ego bdu.«^vi. gi hostes ocenpaverint
s.lva., nostros ecnntos i'^x\<,
fngahunt. I'ueri, paccntes (^n.atfl. Si
qnis rem .n.ogistrat.ti indloavcrit, mercedem hniJtVkbit' 'mkgnani.
Omnos servi paneni hruêris portabant. Pneri, pilas
,
secnm portSlntcs
n» agms ex urbo, fesUnabant
Fe.sti„atc, pneilae. nt collcm
occu'
'îti^ petis. bcrvt,s,j^nem>rt.ans, per forum festinavit.
Multos leporcs
i
nooavnnus Quot h^^tium necavistis ? Duri
agricolae, nudi arate
Ml ites soalas seoum portant, ut urbem
facile Intrent* Mimes
soalas socum portabant, ut urbem
facile intrarent •
Nautae nanpm
seoun. portantes, per undas ad navem ™
m castni secum portanto.
nabunt.
Omno frumentnm
Milifes tmL
vobiscum no portetis,
Cen-us latidavit ramasa cornua, nimiam
tenuitatcm crunim vitune>
avit Civos cum civibus do virtuto
certabant. -
Q\vo me brâd. The foa-es of the enemy were

hastening through
he .sland. The poet gave a letter to the queen.
The wolves wiU
shnu AVhy do you call on the slave?

The messenger points out
the wny to the general. The servant T.as
preparing medidne for hL
ma.<;tor. Let us take a walk in the
garden. The farmer rides
rt r
cêry day. The '^'r
^t!'^'-master '"T
"^«^^-^^^'^«
(^-^P^/') tlmûgh his
often praised his pupils.
When
fields
Caesar had
entered the city the citizens, with many t<jars, obtained peace. Tho
Imsbandman sailed over the fields which he had lately ploughed
"
FIU8T LATIN RRADEIl.

63
', anil taking
k (lat cnrinina
4. (SvNTAx) IIU.K XV.-7%. y;ord e.vpremng the agent is,
after
otuneni pntri
jassm verbs, nmally put m the ablative with a or ah; «-
l4ri
r. '^'' ^'^' "'' ^''"'^''^ '^ '"""'''' ^'^^
Ki'dc'lt p! 2l!r'''' ^^
is conceived
C. liut the agent h Bometimcs ,,ut in tho dative without a preiiosition •
used for tlic
EXERCISE IfXU,^
'*^'
nediam noc- 'Ji^H
Pueri boni u magi.tro
upoparunur.
laudantur.
Ager arabitu\
^ laudar's a me. Wdilt
ctim servis Laudamnr a rege. iuxiSl
iter mens id
egaU. rogabatur. .Nostri equites ab hostibus
s^t fugat^ i^î -r
>ccnpaverint ^^^^'-—oparetur. Ililes gla!};
jjnmtp.
tl^rXrT^'fr-
'^ '"'' "* ^""'^^'^ * "^«-
Si ^^^"tes occupati
.
e anil h i •
*^'^^-"tur
t niRgnam. voce a.elli. Inutilis crat rex,
^ "^J V<
I qui fner^^r"'-
uT f.erat ^,f '^f
datus. •Mandata
n portantes, f.irtim Mercurio dantur ad Jovem
^°«^- ^^^^^^ -t.
ollcm occu-
F::r : Zr^™ Laudamim a magS;
Itoa leporcs '^
Hudi arate.
qua non nor leo fDonum
* Militea puero datum est. Doni puero data
tae,
frnmentura
panem
wlr^
rturans legates convocat.
maturans, T^n' ^''''' ^^ ^^^^™« ^^ Italiam,^^.'^^.
Copiae a Cassio revocantur
Insidiae
10 portetis. ^
m vitupe^
iS OS un V T^^'T T'' ^'"^
^^'"^
^"•"Senti cquites in pugna apud
I^^^ ^'^g^tos suos gessit.
Fu
B ur non Lf
est amandus. "'''*T
Laudabat amicum, ut ab amico
laudarttur
ig through
tvolves will
ied-on his
j
|
gentafbv'thfI*r
tiieUauls
f 'n'''
^""^ '''^^ ^^'"^^^ -^ to the
Many hares had been killed

during the winter
points out 1 The
ine for his
tnends. The farmer's daughters had
"mer rides 1
been praised by the queen
h his fields '"^"- ^'^ P-* -- Praised'by the'kLg.'
1
Thr'n^t^J^n^lV"
Uaesar had '' ."^'^ '"^'^"^^^^ ^êd about
1 ms ct Mren 1^ h' '"T '^
ace.
ghed.
Tho
^
^bunt
emnlP,nf?h
temples
bv tl«\
^^^ ^^°S^«
of the gods were built
rT We
^"^^' *^"""S ^""^'^'^^-
^^êrs. were freed
The temple
from fear. The
by the people. Letters were « ven to
1
w expre8st>« s
nt or fntura t PeacocU^^ wUlbe^beaten^y tb, beaks of the

St time, tt peacocks.
• Fac {Qx/aciU)
«<, " eco tbat
54 rmST LATIN RliADEK.
I i
SECTION XIV.—REGULAR
X ACTIVK
Principal Parts —MSngo, Montii,
INDICATIVE. SCBJUNCTIVB.
PIi£S.—(l advise, Ac.) (I may advise, Ac.)
S. MSn-eo, Mon-es, Mon-lt Mon-âm, Mon-eas, Mon-eat
P. Mon-emus, Mon-gtis, Mon-ent Mon-eamus, Mon-eatia,
Mon-eant
JMPERF.—iX was advising, Aa) (I might, could, <fcc, be advising, Ac.)

S. Mon-ebam, Mon-ebas, Mon-ebat Mon-erem, Mon-eres,
Mon-eret
P. Mon-ebamus, Mon-ebatis, Mon-
Mon-5remn«, Mon-eretis, Mon-
ebant erent
4
FUT.—(l BhaU or will advise, Ac.) (I may be about to advise, Ac.)
S. Mon-ebo, Mon-ebis, Mon-ebit Moniturus sim, Moniturus sit,
Moniturufl sit
P. Mon-eblmus, Mon-ebltio, Mon- Monituri simus, Mouitori sitis,
ebont Monituri sint
PERF.—(I have advised, Ac.) (I may iiuve advised, Ac.)
S. Monti-i, Monu-isti, Monu-it Monii-erim, Monu-eris, Monu-
erit
P. Mona-Imn8,Moiiu-istis,Mona- Mouu-erlmus, Monn-erftis,
iruut, or Monu-ere Monu-erint
PLUPERF.- (I had advised, Ac) (I might, could, Ac., have advised, Ac.)
S. Monu-eram, Monu-eras, Monu- Monu-issem, Moim-isses, Monu-
erat isset
P. Monu-eram'ia, Monu-eratis, Monu-issenrfus, Monu-issetis, Monu
Monu-erant issent
FUT. PERF.-{\ shall have adrlsed, Ac.)

S. Monu-ero, Monu-eris, Monu-erit
P» Monu-er!mua, Monu-eriitis,
Monu-erint
SUPINE,
let.Monlt-uin, to advise.
Sd, Monlt-u, io be adokud.
J
FIEST LATIN BEADKB.

05
fULAB VERBS—SECOND CONJUGATIOll

ACTIVB
VOICE.
Montii.
Monltum, Monere, to advise.
IMPERATIVE. INFINITIVE.
.) PARTICIPLE.
(Advise thou, &c)
»n-eat (To advise.)
(Advising.)
-, Mon-e Mon-ero
Mon-eant Mon-ens, -entis, &c.
— , Mon-e te (J
Mon-ens, -entia y-t^t/o
ising, Ac.) Mon-ens, -entis
jn-eret
is, Mon-
e, Ac) I
ffhou slialt advise, Ac.)
urus (To be about to adrisa)
ffls,
— , Mon-eto, Mon-eto
Monit-urum )
(About to advisa)
Monit-urus, -uri, &c.
mi sitis. --uram > esse Monit-ura, -urae
- ,Mon-etote, Mon •urum
ento
J Monit-nrnm, -uri
^1
JSeeJ\it_Par^ci^ [From I
stem of supine.
&C.)
Monu- (To have advised, Ac)

,
Monu-isse
'
erftis,
'ised, Ac.)
I
Monu-
is, MoDU
GERUND.
4cc. Monend-um, advising.
6en. Monend-i,
of advising.
ôX, 5ionend-o, U> or
for advising.
Ail. Mcaend-o, by,/ror,i, or in ad^,^,ng.
REGULAR VERBS.-
PASSIVE
Principal Parts— Monger, Monltus
INDICATIVE.
SUBJUNCTIVE.
J'UES. -(I am ad?l»od, Ao
(I may be advised, Ac.)
S. mSn-eor, Mon-eris, (or -ere,) Moa-gar, Mon-earis, (&.- -eare,
Mon-etor
Mon-eatur
P. Mon-emur, Mon-emini,
Mon- Mon-eamur, Mon-eamini, Mon-
entur
eantur
IMPERF.~{1 was advised, «kc.) (I might or should be advised, Ac.)
S. Mon-ebar, Mon-ebaris, (or Mon-erer, Mon-ereris,
-ebare,) (or -erere)
Mon-ebatur Mon-eretur
P. Mon-ebamur,
Mon-ebamini, Mon-eremur, Mon-eremini,
Mon-ebantur *
Moa-
ercnfnr
FUT.-{1 sbaU or will be advised, Ac.)
S. Monebor, Mon-eberis, {or

-6bere,)Mon-ebitur
P Mon-ebimur, Mon-ebimini,
Mon-ebantur
I'ERF.- (I have been advised, Ac.)
(1 may have been advised, Ac.)
S. Monlt-us (-a, um) sum, Monit- Monit-as (-a, -nm) sim, Monit-us
us Ss, Monit-us est
Monit-us sit
sis,
P. Monlt-i siimus, Monit-i
estis, Monit-i simus, Monit-i
sitis,
Uonit-i sunt
Monit-i sint
PLUPERF.~{1 had been advised, Ac.) (I might or riiould have been advised.
Ac.)
S. MonIt-U8 eram, Monit-us eras,
Monlt-UH essem, Monit-us ecses,
Monit-us erat
Monit-us esset
P. Monlt-i eramus, Monit-i
eratis, Monlt-i easemas, Wonit-i essetia,
Monit-i erant
Monit-i essent
FUT. PERF.-a shall have been
advised, &c.)
y. Monlt-ua ero, Monitus eris,
Monit-us erit
P. Monit-i eriuius, Monit-i, eritis,
Monit-i eruQt
FIR&T LATIN IlEADJfiK. 57
ERBS.- SECOND CONJUGATION.

PASSIVE VOICE.
, Monltua Bum, Moneri, to he advised.
IlIPEKATIVK. INFINITIVE, PARTIOIPLB.

I, Ac.)
(Be tliou advised, <fcc.) (To bo advised.)
(.or -eare,, - , Mon-ere
Mou-erl
mini, Mon- -, Mone-mlni
Ivised, Ac.)
{or -erere,)
nini, Muu-
(Thou slmlt be advised, (To be about to be (Deserving or requirinu

advised.) to be adTised.)
-,Mon-etor, Mon-etor Monit-oia iri
Mon-endus, -enda,
-endiim
-,Mon-ebimiiii, Mon- Mon-endi, -eudae,
entor
-endi, kc.
ed, Ac.)
(To liave beeu advised.) (Advised, or having been
advised.)
>
Monit-u8
Monit-um Mo.iit-us, -a, -um
— am
]
i esso
it-i sitis,
•
urn ) Monit-i, ae, i, kc.
'a advistiU,
-us ecses,
;-i essetifl,
66 FIKST LATIN READER.
XVL-^^,i.,an^^... v;hich stand in

J: ^^^'''"^''Kf'''^ appoH^
IZtyÎtT
''^'''' '"^ ''''''
"^^ ^''"^^' ^^""^ ^^'*^' ^>
EXERCISE XX.
Semis ^mJum vino implet.

Servus poculum domino implebat
Agncola nudo capite in horto ambulabat.
Sacci tumTnt multo liordeo
Latrones mulum ferro sauciant.
Vacuus viator non timet latrones.'
JWrc./^™°''
ffgna, supenor
J simulacrum
'"^"^'«^^^*-
suum
^
Mula spohata casus flevit suos. GracuJus
superbus se gregi pavonura
lupuB
stans, sicTupo respondit.
in speculo lympharum
agnmn nece injusta laceravit.
Canis per flumen natans
vidit. Canes cibum ore
<yy^^.,âfi.mm^t. Pater deonim atque ranis regem dedit parvum
risit,
tigUlum. Motus sonusque tigilli pavidas ranas
ranae, necem frustra ftigitabitis.
terruit. Inertes ^-a^
MandatT^ Jovem Mercuri/^?
demus. Ij onne domos aedificatis, ut in iis habitetis ? Quum tigUlum
m limo dm jacuisset, rana quaedam, ceteris audacior, comites
cunctas evocat. Serve, aouam vino mihi misce.Si in speculum
lympharum aêctfis, simulacrum tuum videbis. Quum Divitiacua
plunbus verbis flens rogaret, ut veniam peccatis daret
fratris, Caesar
bemgne respondit. Caesar hostes castra movere jubet.
The enemy move their camp. Let us obey our parents You
warned your friend in vain. When the log waJlying \impt sulT)
^tL
mtes. "Vhrr'^
The deserters r''
hasten to the
^ ^^^^^^ ^^«° canedû^ ^fher 2.
through fear of punish-
river,
tTtht V It shall
TT'^^^l
"^ '^'^ ^''- ^"1 ^^^^ ^^"êd) my message
the king, not fear. The Belgians haê
many to^s. The
Bh^pherd saw a savage wolf near
the stalls. You have avoided
danger.
many
The helpless frogs vainly
endeavoured-to-escape-frm
,^^«q"«-^--ted her misfortunes. With J
tZf^^'
tears the father lamented
the death of his only son. The
bama
e^
"^' ^^^ ^^^^-

^' maim the shT
ml 'r^*-
r.'^"*^?'
^""'^'^ ^"^ in vain warned his
8on^ Th.h^V"°'^-
80^ 7^;
The helpless crowd of frogs was vainly
foolish
endeavouring to escape
ft«m a violent-death. Let the maid-servant mix some wine
with
niuutn. The boys saw s- —Q —

<\no >jwinin.:nn.
™.„,,,^ ^.w- „
vtoi i _• __i
o uiuou rivur.
FIBST LATIN HEADJiLB.
59
EXERCISE XXI.
Poculum vino impletur. Poculum vino impletum est. Pocula

vmoinjpletasunt. Agnus nece injusta laceratus
cum ^
/t ^
est a lupo. StEs /^Htt
ndetur. Castra Gallorum tenebantur a Romanis.
Mons teiSTa ^
Labieno. Ranae territae sunt motu sonoque tigilli.
Vinum aqua
,vniiscetur. Aqua vino mixta erat. Fac ut vinum aqua
misceatur
Kecte dedistis* operam ut vinum aqua misceretur.
Cibus ore canis
tenebatur. Castra hostium propius urbem'
moventur. Agricolae
amici frustra erant moniti. Dona pueris dentur Britanni a !
Caesare obsides dare jubentur. Pueri

et puellae a magistro doce-
bantur. Corvus celsa sSdetaDbore. quaU^ videtur
tibi opera vocis |tivt^
meae ? Sunius^sedit j^^lkev lupum efc viUpem.
Una pars
oppidi flumine rapido oontinetur.
Britanni figura navium Romanorum
sur ->ermoti. Socrates habebatur sapientissimus
Moniti sunt pas-
. K/t^2-0
tores, utpericulum vitarent. Puer a patre suo
ior, comites doceatur. Pueri sunt
docendi, dum aetas sit tenera.
Moniti eramus, ut pravos comites
vitaremus. Puer ab avunculo
docebatur.
Gifts had been given to the faithful servants. The shepherds were
warned mvam. ThegirlswUlhavebeen warned in vain. The goddess
was moved by the tears of the
suppliants. Let children be taught
by
then: parents. Let the cups be filled with milk. The
camp of the
Germans had been shifted the day
before. The forces of the Gauls
are temfied at the sight of
the Roman cavalry. Caesar was in
vain
warned not to (ne with
tmperf. subj.) enter the senate-house.
sword was given to the soldier.
A
If a sword be given to the soldier,
*^® '^""'^^^ °^ îs native countiy. The king
A t\ T'""^^
w^ dreaded by aU his subjects (citizens). The inhabitants of the
Iw r/' T'^'^
race (of frogs)
^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ *^^« ^««°^y'« fleet. The timid
was temfied by the motion and splash (noise) of
the
shaUow-water. The first share was given to the lion,
because h
Z T fV^f^
^^''
^' Siven to the farmer's sons and
lieutenants, that the mountain be occupied by
daugh-
o^me
"'" ^^'^ ""*'• ^^'«'^'- t°

I
iU^lT"""^ '^'^ object: i*.. to ex.n one'e seJ to
60 riltST LATIN READER.
SECTION XV.-REGULAR
ACTIVB
Principal PARxs—Lggo, Legi,
INDICATIVE.
8UBJUN0TIVK.
PHES. — (I choose,
(I may choose, Ac.)
<fcc.)
S. !<% 0, Leg-l8, Leg-It

Leg-am, Leg-as, Leg-at
P. L2g-Imiis, Leg-It5is,
Leg-unt Leg-amQs, Leg-atis, Leg-ant
IMPERF.-{1 was choosing, Ac.) (I might choose, Ac.)

S. Leg-ebam, Leg-ebas, Leg-ebSt
Leg-erem, Leg-eres, Leg-eret
P. Leg-ebamus, Leg-ebatis,
Leg- Leg-ertimus, Leg-eretis, Leg-erent
ebant
i UT.—(\ shall or will choose, Ac) (I may be about to choose, Ac.)

S. L6?.ani, Leg-fi8, Leg-et
Lectiirus (-a, -urn) aim, Lecttirus
SIS, Lecttirus sit
P. Leg-emus, Leg-gtfs, Leg-eat LectQri (-ae, -a) simus, Loctftri
sitis, Lecturi sint
PERF.—{\ have chosen, Aa)

(I may have chosen,
S.
Ac)
Leg-i, Leg-isti, Leg-It
Leg-eiim, Leg-grXs, Leg-erlt
P. Leg-imiis, Leg-istis, Leg- Leg-Srlmiis, Leg-gritis,
erunt or -ere Leg-
erint
PLUPERF.-{\ had chosen, Ac)

(I might have chosen, Ac)
S. Leg-eram, Leg-eras, Leg-erat
Leg-issem, Leg-isses, Leg-isset
P. Leg-eramus, Leg-eratia,
Leg- Leg-issemufi, Leg-issetis,
erant Leg-
issent «.
FUT. PERF.-a shaU have chosen,

Ac)
S. Leg-ero, Leg-eris,
Leg-erlt
P. Leg-er!mu3, Leg-erltla, Leg-
erint
SUPINES.
1st, L«ct-um, to choose.
2cl, Lect-u, to be dioaen.
rnwT LAnx reader, 61
GULAR 7ERBS.--TniRD CONJUaATION.

ACTIVB
VOICB.
'go. Legi,
Lectum, L?g2re, to choose.
IMPERATIVB. INFINTTIVR.
I PARTICIPIK.
(Choose thou, <kc.)
at Cro choose.)
(Choosing)
êg-aut LSg-5r8 leg-ens. -ens. -ens
-, Leg-ItS
leg-entis.-entia.-entis
&c.
(Thou Shalt choose. <fec.) (To be about to choose.

—
, Leg-Ito. Leg-Ito
Lect-urum
(About to cliooNc)
Lect-urus. -ura. -umm
uram I
V esse
uri, -urae, -uri, i
ISg-itote, Leg- urura ) &c.
unto [See Fut. Participle.] [From stem of supine.] '
OERUKD,
Acc. I,r;j»end-um, choosing.
Oen. Lcfr(>nd-i, of dioosisHi.
Ijit L.ffciiti-o, to i,r
for ',hoo»ing.
Jill. L»'gcnd-o, by or in dionaing.
9U flUBT LATIN READKR.
FEOULAR VERBS.-
PASSIVB
Principal Parts —
IlfDIOATriTE.
8UBJUKCTIVR.
PRES.—(1 am chosen, Ac.)
(I may be chosen, Ac.)
S. Lgg-or, legr-^ria {or -ere), legr-
L^g-ar, Leg-iris {or -are), Leg.
Itnr
atur
P. L8g-Ixtmr, Leg-Imlnl, Leg- Leg-amur, Leg-5mlni, Leg-
untur aQtar
IMPERF.-(l was chosen, Ac.) (T mlRht or should be chosen, Ac.)
S. L?g-ebar, Leg-eb&ris (or -ebare),
Leg-erer, Leg-eroris (or -erere),
Leg-ebatur
Leg-eretur
P. Lgg-ebamur, Leg-ebatîni, Leg-
Leg-eremur, Leg-eremlni, Leg-
ebantnr
erentur
FUT.~(\ shall or will be chosen, Ae.)
S. L^g-ar, Leg-Sris {or -ere), Leg-
5tnr
P. LSg-Smor, Leg-fimXni, Leg-
entnr
PERF.—{1 have been chosen, Ac.) (I may have been chosen, Aa)
S. Lect-U8 (-a, -nm) Bum. lect-ua Lect-as sim, Lect-us sis, Lect-Od
Ss, Lect-as est
sit
P. Lect-i sfimus, Lect-i estis, Lect-i simus, Lect-i sitis, Le«t-i
Lect-i sunt
sint
PLUPERF.—(l had been chosen, Ac.) (I might or shpuld have been chosen,
Ac.)
S. Lect-U8 erani, Lect-us eras, Lect-us essem, Lect-uu esses, Lect-
Leet-us erat
us esset
P. Lect-i eramus, Lect-i era^s, Lect-i essemuH, Lect-i
Lect-i erant essetis,
Lect-i essen
Fl/T. PERF.-a shall have been chosen,
Ac)
S. Lect-us ero, Lect-us erid, Lect-us
erit
P. Lect-i erimus, Lect-i eritis,
Lect-i erunt
FIKST LATIN READBR.
63
IRBS.-
THIRD CONJUGATION.
PASSIVE
VOICE.
Parts — I%or, Lectus sum, Lggi.
Ac)
-an0. Legr-
ni, Leg-
lien, Ac.)
or -erere),
Ini, Leg-
(Thonihalt be chosen, Ac.)

(To be about to be
— .
Leg-Itor, Leg-itor
Lect-nm iri
chosen.) (About to be chosen,
&c.)
Leg-enduB, -enda,
— leg-SmJnl,
.
Leg.
-«ndam
nntor Leg-endl, -«ndae,
n, Aa) -endi, &c.
(To have been chosen.)

(Chosen, or having been
I Lect-tu
chosen.)
Lect-um -j
Iect-u8, -a,
Lect-i
<un
is,
am S-ease
'
urn-'
Lect-I, -ae, -i, &c.
n chosen,
ês, Lect-
essetis,
64 FTRST TATIN RKAnKR.
^frt4^ ^19«PE XXII.
Deiis nijimlm)! rcgjt Pucri cumint per agros. HoatM Icjrnto.i

ad Caesarcin inittunt. Ptiella epistolam ad matrem «crihel.at
Curramus in hortum. Cnrramus in horto. PneUa nnntium n.j
parentes suos AntLpii Britanni lacte et
niiBit.
Mfl ^hant Copina
Romanonuu duxifc Caesar. Catilina confligero cum Antonio Btatnit
Multas epistolas no ^dui legates ad Labiennm miscrunt'
scribas.
qui do pace agercnt. Caesar Britannos vicit Die* niihi hoc
tantmn
Pastor sedulus oves ad rivum duxit.
Omnia vincit amor Rcgina
Britannonim omnes hostes vincat Dux aermanonim exercitum
!
trans flumen Rhcnum duxerat.

Puerum, epistolam ad patrem
Bcnbentem, laudavit magister. Caesar cum omni enuitatu facit
mipetum m hostcs. Quondam
et ovis cervum vasti corporis in saltibus
sol duiit uxorem. Y^ eV c'apella
ccpenint. Primam partem
leoni tribuetis, quia i))u3 valet. Passercm, fletus edentera graves
^cipiter rapuit. Cur fecisti aquam turbulentam mihi
bi^benti ?
Ranae magno clamore regera a Jove petierunt.
Quum omnia
dixeris, rcspondebo.
The Belgians will send ambassadors to Caesar,

to treat concernin<»
peace. The dogs nm. The sheep were running
towards the fold
through fear (ahl.) of the wolf. The forces
of the Belgians hasten
towards the city. A great part of the army
leaves the city. The
general had sent a messenger to the camp
of the enemy. The kin"
will give honours to the soldiers
who did not abandon the city l(
you will write me a letter, I shall feel
grateful to you. The'boys
were nmning through the farmers' fields.
Ariovistus married two
wives. May the citizens overcome all
their enemies Why have you !
titken my book?
Octavia, sister of Octavianus, married
Antony
Antony married Octavia, the sister of
Octavianus. The Germans
send an ambassador to Caesar to beg
peace.
EXERCISE XXIII. .^//

—
Mundus a Deo regitur. Legati ad Caesarem sunt
missi. Principes
civitatis ad hostium ducem mittantur. Epistola
ad matrem suam a
* ""'0
I dronthe l^^^»
<"^'>' I
final e of thn
«»y. duro, I lca(1./a«V), I do, or mako, an.l/m>,
M —
sir,tr„i.r
'^
™.ô..»*...- -_j ..- .'.. .
• "i"-'S>i< V, Eiiu iiiaac ciic, aar,
Drlnir. ""«">
-'" ' *1 "'."'^'
.TOc, aaa,rer.
u.uallv
V
65
pnella est mfwa. Copiae Romflnnnim .-« n •*
loates legatos
era Bcrihebat
retcrcnl. Barbari »
«t cc™,. v.« eon^rr::^:,::
CoeZ™ .^n *T T
^
T^^ °' "ociet„te,7
cap :'r.'''iX':. r;;-
nuntium nj
Bhant. Copiaa
ntonio Btatnit.
urn miscrunt,
«v5*|
In hoc tnntnm.
rnor. Rcgina
nil exercitnra apiens. A narfinfibi,« ,»u*x.: '_ , .. ,/^7. °. ^^ '"^ê-
n patrem
ftd
^nitatu facit l"P"m. Relinquebati. mia :i: ""^ '"^•""'

^
<^/L,«iSr^
per Seol^^^^^^^^
llianOfl. MnrrnTT,..!*.-!... 1,
£ca et capclla hominuraceleritercoactacst Mnn! ^Tl ^]^S^ nmltitudo JT J^
imam partem pr.-eccnmt. Nemrrctl sp^"rr\^^^^^^^^^^^^ '^^^^^^^ ^^-^^'
ntem graves, dubitabit. Roman! temphim Jani biVn^f v Pôvidentia
^ ^"'"''^ ''^""» ^'auser-
lihi bibenti ? unt. Princines civitaf Un o i
Quum omnia LegatiabiS vTn^:*

it^r^S^l^^-r 77^"^
^'^''' "^ ^^"'^
venerunt, ut auxilium
postulur nt Let ah ^ ,
at concerning
ards the fold
gians hasten "^ cm.™,,
le city. The
by't^f; -l:'" •*;::"':" '^^ era,™, wa, slain
r. The king
patched to the city to "'^'^ger be dis-
the city. It'
ask elnv TlTt''°™' ,
u. The boys
fortified. A letter »?H L t -^ u
"' "'« '^''sians were
married two
were b„ ItTn he pw" 5.1,711" ^- 7 ""'''• "°"^'=»
^'""^
V^hy have you

ried Antony,
'he Germans
stress «£"£^='=;
be sent to the
general's tnnf t^ "^'f
^''^^^^ ambassadors will
beg for the '""'' ^'"' *^ ^'^
^"^-> *«
consuls in one
li e'of he citêns Maf
^ "^"''' ''^'^ ^"""^"^^
dav Thp ^ l
^y the
Many hares were clu.hthv ^''l ^"'J'''
''' ^"' ^^ ^lie robber..
Principes had been en. ZeîlVr''' ^'^
i.
rem snam a (Mv) were cau"ht L fn u ^f^''^"^"^-

'T
Two
S^"«^^''« *«"*
stags of huge size
and
brinK, usually
fer.
-tt treVo^ttll^;^^^^^^^^
The supi ne in
''^
-um b „.ed
^" -^^- better: were
I
after rerb., of .notion,
to InUicatte a purpose.
llSi)
66 FIRST LATIN RKVDEn.
SECTION XVI.—REGULAR
ACTIVE
Principal Parts — Audio,
INDICATIVB. BUBJUNCTIVE.
PRES.—(l hear, or am hearing, Ac.) (I may hear, Ac)
S. Aud-io, Aud-is, Aud-It Aud-Jam, Aud-ias, Aud-i&t
P. Aud-imus, Aud-itis, Aud-iunt Aud-Umus, Aud-i&tis, Aud-iant
IMPERF.~{1 was hearing, &c.) (I might hear, Ac.)

S. Aud-Iebam, Aud-iebas, Aud- Aud-Irem, Aud-irea, Aud-iret
iebat
P. Aud-iebamus,Aud-iebatis, Aud- Aud-lremus, Aud-iretis, Aud-irent
iebant
FUT.~{1 shall or will hear, Ac.) (I may be about to hear, Ac.)

S. Aud-Iam, Aud-ies, Aud-iSt Auditurus aim, Auditurus sis,
Anditurus sit
P. Aud-iemas, Aud-ietis, Aud- Andituri simus, Audituri sitis,
ient Audituri sint
PERF.—{1 have heard, Ac.) (I may have heard, Ac.)
S. Andlv-i, Audiv-isti, Audiv-it Audiv-erim, Audiv-eris, Audiv-
erit
P. Audlv-Imus, Audiv-istis, Aud- Audiv-ei^mus, Audiv-eritis,
iv -erunt, or -ere Audiv-erint
PLUPERF.—{\ had heard, Ac.) (I might have heard, A&)
S. Audlv-eram, Audiv-eras, Aud- Audiv-issem^ Audiv-isses, AudiT-
iv-erat isset
P. Audiv-eramus, Audiv-eratis, Audiv-issemua, Audiv-issetis, Aud-
Audiv-erant iv-issent
PUT. PERP.—(\ shall have heard, Ac)

S. Audlv-ero, Audiv-eris, Audiv-
erit
P. Audiv-erlmus, Audiv-erltis,
Audiv-erint
SUPINES.
Ist, Auditum,to hear.
2d. Aadifii, to be lieard.
FIRST LATTN RKADER.
67
ÛLAR
VERBS.— FOURTH CONJUGATION.
ACTIVE
VOICE.
—Audio,
Audivi, Auditum, Audlre.
IMPERATIVE, INPINITIVK.
PARTIOIPLg.
id-i&t (Hear thou, Ac.) (To hear.)
, Aud-iant — , Aud-i Aud-Ire
(Hearing.)
— . Aud-Ite
And-iens, -ientia
Aud-iens, -ientis
c) Aud-iens, -ienus, &c.
ud-iret
I, Aud-irent
ar, Ac.)
ituruB sis, (Thou Shalt hear, Ac)

(To be about to hear.)
(About to hear.)
—, Aud-Ito, Aud-Ito Anditur-um
) Auditur-us, -i
Lturi sitisi am > esse Anditur-a, -ae
—, And-itote, Aud- ^
urn )
Auditur-um, -i, &c.
iimto
<&c.)
Is, Audiy- (To have heard.)

Aadiv-isse
iiv-eritis,
. Ac)
es, AudiT-
isetis, Aud-
OERl)Nl>.
.
- -"^•«u, lu urjor /If
•^t. Audiendo, by hearing.
REGULAR VERBS.-
PASSIVK
Principal Parts —Audior
IRDIOATIVE. SUnJUNCTIVK.
PRES.—{1 urn hoard, &c) (I may bo heard, Ac.)
H. And-Ior, Aud-Iris, (or -ire,) Aud-Iar, Aud-i&ris, Aud-iatnr
Aud-Itur
P. Aud-Imar, Aud-Imini, Aud- Aud-iamur, Aud-iamini, Aud-
iuntnr iantur
IMPERF.-{\ was heard, &e) (I might or should bo heard, Ac.)
S. Aud-Iebar, Aud-lebaria, [or Aiid-lrer, Aud-ireris, [or -irere,)
Aud-iebatur
-iebare,) Aud-iretur
P. Aud-iebamur, Aud-iebamini, Aiid-iremur, Aud-iremini, Aud
Aud-iebantur irentur
FUT.—(\ shall or will be Iieard, Ac.)
S. And-Iar, And-i§ri8, {jor -iere,)

Aud-ietur
P. And-iemar, Aud-iemini, And-
ientur
PERF.—{1 UaTC been heard, Ac.) (I may have been heard, Ac.)
S. Audlt-U8
(-a, -um) sum, Audit- Audit-U8 aim, Audit-U8 sis,
us 68, Auditus est Audit-us sit
P. Audit-i sumus, Audit-i estis, Audit-i simus, Audit-i aitis,
Audit-i sunt Auditi-i sint
PLUI'EliF.-(\ had been heard, Ac.) (F might or should have boon heard,
Ac)
S. Audit-US eram, Audit-us eras, Audit-us essem, Audit-us esses,
Audit-US erat Audit-us esset
P. Audit-i eranius, Audit-i eratis, Audit-i essemus, Audit-i c.s.setis,
Audit-i erant Audit-i essent
PUT. PERF.-Q. shall have been heard,

Ac)
S. Audit-US ero, Audit-us eri.s,
Audit-US erit
P. Audit-i erimus, Audit-i eritis,
Audit-i erunt
FIKST LATIN IlKADKil.
69
5RBS.-- FOURTH CONJUGATION.

PASSIVK
VOICE.
—Audior Audltus sum, Audiri, to be heard.
!.
IMPERATIVE.
INFINITIVE.
Ac.) PARTICIPLE.
(Be thou heard, Ac)
ud-iatur
i
(To be hoard)
-, Aud-Ire I
Aud-Iri
aini, Aud-
— , Aud-Imini
card, Ac.)
{or -irere,)
mini, Aud
(Thou Shalt be heard, At)

(To be about to be heard.)
(Deserving or requiring
to be heard.)
-, Aud-Itor, Aud-itor
Audit-wn iri
Audiend-ua, -i
— 1 Aud-iSmim, Aud-
Audiend-a, -ae
iontor Aadiend-nm, -i
I'd, Ac.)
(To have been lieard.)
(Heard, or having been
it-ns sis, heard,)
Audit-am Andit-os,
) -i
it-i sitis, am esse Audit-a, -M
I
um )
Audit-um, -i
ccn lieard,
t-us esses,
it-i e.s.setis,
;
70 FnWT LA.TIN READEA.
,/ EXERCISE XXIV.
Pweri in cubiciilo dprmiunt. *>Pueri totam noctem in cubiculo

d2^ JrxA
(%^, . aêbant. Pastor ad magnum oppidum vSnit. Ad rapidum flumeu
vSniet viator. Caesar binacastra muniit.* Hostes
c^te]JAin.mQpti-
bus muniebant. Canis d^ffifAi arft^/'^ Lupus et
^5^Srivura
eundem vSnSrant. Copiae Belgaruin"ad urbem vendhint. Quum
Caesar ad castra munita venisset, hostes ad euni legates
^^*^
urCj^
miserunt,
qui pacem peterent. Ranae petiere regem a Jove. Turba
ranarura
L^,^t^ supra lignum insilit. Lignum quum ranae omni contumelia inqui-
nassent, misere ad Jovem, alium rogantes regem.
Cupiditatibust
^*^^^* ?2allLs. Cupiditatibus nejeiTiay , Aper venit ad leonem ful-
L^m 1 L .,
v^nineis dentibus.s. Calorem soIis
CaJofem sentimus. V\
solis seniiBlus7"âesar duo maxima bella
aestateunafiniit. Nonne^damorem magnum sentitis ? Miles quidam
§l®mQSLfulgura monies [10

1^0 *"eriunt. Ig^îcant oculi. urbem
Gives
novgrn condiderant. Omnia parturitarbos. Parturiunt montes. Noa
patriae fines linquaraus.
Formosus puer in parvo cubiculo dormiet.
Crassus castra sdi'initnierat.
Bina castra muniet Caesar. Puer iu
cubiculum suum dormitum missus est. Improbus latro irag servit.
Pueri boni parentibus obgdiimt.
r'U.. Magistro obedite.
tyrannus ludum Corinthi (at Corinth) aperuisse dicitur.
Dionysiua
You came to the gate of the city late at night. Let us not be
slaves to our passions. The up on the top of the log.
frogs leapt
Do you feel the sun's heat? The father and his son were sleeping
in a small chamber. The sheep came in terror to the shepherd's
hut. The boy will sleep the livelong night. Caesar had finished
the very serious war with (of) the Eelvetii in one summer. I sing
my friend hears.The Romans are coming to a large town. Ambas-
sadors had come to the Roman general to sue for peace. A messen-
ger had come from the camp of the Belgians about (de) peace. My
brother and I had come to the same house. The enemy will have
fortified many castles on the banks of the river. Let us send a
messenger to Jupiter, and beg (i.e., begging) for another king. We
finished the work yesterday. We heard the sound of trumpets in
the camp. My father and mother will come to-morrow.
• In the perfect and derived tenses of the Fouitii Coixjujfutiou the v ia ull«m
omitted, so that rnunivit becomea muniit,
t See (Syntax) Rule XX-, p. 77.
PIRST LATIN KKADER.
71
i , EXERCISE XXV.
biciilo d2J>- ^fxA
um flumeii Servus mains a domino merito punitur.* ,
2ora cannm in horto
fv in,mQpti- tnM i^- Bgpfilijuitui.Ingens fragor in silvis auitur/
fâ urbis Ijsstihus t^^-t^v
taa
miserunt,
riviira
,^,^
aperitur. Porta urbis ab hostibus aperitiirr^
magistratu punitus es.
x ur pc
pessime, nierito a
Puen non merito puniuntur.^ Bellum
barbaris uno die fijntjim est.
Animi militum
cum
7
luxuria molliti erant
a ranarura
*-^ Merito
M r''"'"*^''- Audiaturvoxjustitiae! Terra flori bus vestitur'
elia inqui- ego pumor, sed frater mens injuste. Sonus tubamm auditus
ditatibust ^(K>
eonem ful- Oppida Belgarum mumebantur. Italia
A Ipibusmunita est. Puellae
xima bella a matre emdiuntur. Mater curat ut filiae ^d^ligenter
emdiantiir JuUâ:^^^
quidam Nova nrbs a cm
les
Qus flore8./<Cw<A-o
us est condita. Omnis #¥âriliî
ves urbem Ir^parere
V'^^ taum «
"
r f
''" P'^' rescinditur.
atque obedire jubemur. Exercitus
Praeceptis magistra-
Romanus ab Hel-
Qtes. Nos I vetns pulsus et sub jugum
annis convenmnt. Maxime
missus est. Haec munera puerilta i-^H U^^^ i
) dormiet prohibenda est ira in puniendÊ^! ^

Puer iu vetu jam per angustias transduxerant copias
suas, et in ^duorum
fanes
jte servit. pervenerant. O^dani portas aperuemnt hostibus.
Dionysiua Linîi<i.nai. _i»t^ *>/
The body of Caesar was buried by
his sorrewing friends 'ibe
IS not be
I the log.
e sleeping
hepherd's
\f
pmushed. mT"
1
*'''"«8>-«»«'i-) The wicked boys were deservedl^
The sound of the tmmpcts was
heart from afS The
Bntons were clothed with skins.
1 finished The city had been fortifiTk wi
h
I sing;
Ambas- mth .he Gauls were buried on the
... I
following day. Let us
tal e
care that our children are
L messen- carefully trained. The magistrates
«U1 take care that all the
ace. My wicked robbers bepunished
Let "he
work be speedily finished.
will have Many towns of tte MvetM wl
tangly forbiied by nature.
IS send a Let the gates of the
he enemy.
city b ™ened to
We The bodies of the soldieis had
tig. been buried bTthe!
mpets in
'"^ '"'" ^"'^'^"^ ^y "» Helvetii. Man,'
^f.uT,
towns of the Belgians were set on
fire by the enemy.
t> is M&MX
But punier
p. "3.
is aon.etUuos uied u a dflnonent yerb c... ..,.,/
SECTION XVIL
Deponent Verbs are those wliicli liave the inflexions
of the Passive Voice
known, as in Regular Verbs, by the favourite
vowd. Deponent^
and four imrticiplos. They are tlie only verbs which have a i.erfect
Adviinccd Grammar, p. 114.
FIRST CONJUGATION-
INDICATIVK. SUBJUNOTIVK,
l'HKS.—{\ iidnioiiish, Ac.) (I may iidnionlsh, «kc.)
8. Hort-or, -aria, &c. Hort-er, -eris, &c.
IMJ'KliF.-
8. Hort-abar, &o. Hort-aror, &c.
FUT.~
8. Hort-abor, -abtris, &c. Hortaturus sim, ic.
PERF.—
8. Hortat-us sum, &c. Hortat-us sim, &c.
PLVPERF.-
8. Hortfit-us pram, &c. Hortat-us essem, &c.
FUT. FERF.—
8. Hortat-us ero, &c.
Sui'iNE— Hortatum, &c.
SECOND CONJUGATION-
PRES.— (l ftMu; .fee.)
(I may fear, <fcc)
8. Ver-eor, -eris, &o. Ver-ear, -earis, &c.
IMPERF.—
8. Ver-ebar, &c.
Ver-erer, &c ^
FUT.~
S. Ver-ebor, &c. Verlt-urus sim, &c.
j
PERF.~
8. Verit-us sum, &c. Verit-us sim, &c.
PLUPERF.-
8. Verit-us eram, &c.
Verit-U8 essem, &c.
FUT. PERF.—
S. Verit-us ero, &c.
!l
SCPUJE — 'Veritum.
)
• FIRST LATIN RKADER

73
DEPONEITT VERBS.
but the meaning of the Activp Tim ««. •
tove „,.ro form, ,h.„ K^Z' v"u Zlf iT ,'" "'''"'' *" "-"'""S' "
peculiarities, sec Schmitz";
Hortor, / admonish.
IMPKKATIVB.
INFINITIVK.
PARTICll'LK.
(Admonisli thou, <tc.) (To admonlsli, &c.)
-,Hort-are,-amini,&c. (Adinonisliing, Ac
Hort-ari
Hort-ang, kc.
- Hort-ator, &c. (About to adrnonisli.)

,
Hortatur-um
Hortat-urua. &c.
-am - I,
S esse
(Deseivliig to be adinon^
-um-' Ished.)
IJorta nd-u8, -a,
,=^._ I
-um
(Hiiving udinonislu^do"
Hortat-um esse
Hortat-us,-a,-um,&c.
GKiiUMi>— Hoitandum,
&c.
Vereor, I fear.
(Fear thou, Ac.) . ,-,.„ <•
2:Ver-ere, -emini, &c. """'

(Fearing, &a)
| Ver-eri '
Ver-ens. kc.
Ver-Stor, 4o.
.
Verit-urum «se, S„.
| |
Veriûru, „„,,, a„J
-=L-_,=— ______ I Ver-endus {.pass.)
Verit-um esse
Verit-us, -a, -um. &c.
GKKUNu—Vtirendum, &c
74 FIRST LATIN READEa.
DEPONENT
THIRD CONJUGATION^
INDIOATIVB. SUBJUNCTIVK.
PRES.-il speak, Ac.) ^ may speak, <fca)
S. L6qu-or, -gris, -Itur, kc. L6qu-ar, -iris, kc.
IMHERF.—
8. L5qu-ebar, &.&. Loqn-cier, &c.
FUT —
S. L5qu-ar, -eris, &c. Loouturud sim, kc
PEHF.—
S. l5oflt-u8 sum, kc. Locut-us sim, ke.
i'LUPERF.-
S. L5cut-us eram, &c. Locut-U8 essem, &c.
FUT. I'ERF.—
S. L5cut-us ero
Supine— Locut-ura.
FOURTH CONJUGATION-
PRES.—a divide, Ac.) (I may divide, Ac.)
S. Part-ior, -Iris, -itur, kc. Part-iar, -iaris, &c.
IMPERF.-
S. Part-Iebar, &c. Part-irer, &c. ^
FUT.-
S. Part-iar, -leris, &c. Partitur-U8 sim, &c
PERF.—
S. Partit-us sum, &c. Partit-us sim, kc.
PLUPERF.—
S. Partit-us erara, &c. Partit-us essem, &c.
FUT. PERF.—
8. Partit-us ero, &c.
SupiNB — Partit-uiu.
rUMT LATIN ItEADlfill.
7A
VERB S con tin tied.
L5qu-or, / speak
IMPERATIVE. INFINITIVE.
PAKTIOIPtE.
(Speak thou, Ac.)
(To gpeuk, Ac)
L<5qu-gre, -Imini (Spuuklng, Ac.)
,
Lfiqu-i
I8qu-en8, &c.
- , Loqu-itor, ko. Locuturum esse, &c. Locflt^rus^ra^c.

Loquend.us,-a,.um,&a
(Ki'qiililug to bespoken.)
(Having spoken.)
Locut-um esse, kc. Locut-u8, -a, -um
Gekund— Loqu-endum.
Part-ior, I divide.
(Divide thou, AC) (To divide, Ac.)

-, Part-Ire, -imlni.&c.Part-iri I (Dividing, Ac.) ]
I
Part-iens, kc.
-, Part-itor, &c. Partiturum esse, kc.

?H*^tH5[!!>j^ra^&c.
PartiendMi87i;;.um,&c.
Partit-um esse, &c. Partit-us, -a, -um, &c.
Gkbuni>— Puft-iendum.
76 FIRMT LATIN READKB.
1. (Syktax) Rhlb XVII.- 7%. acnrntiv, in used to exprt^
altun oxstruxcrunt, M. aVtzûr (.uUt a wall sut>, ^

feet fU<;h.
2. (Syntax) HU.-.K XVIII..-7%, verbs utor, ubutor, fruor,
fnnôr.
/% t«.c/ ircw, ; Fungitur olUciis, heptrfonm hU diUies,
^(Mt^,^ EXERCISE XXVI.

Caesar militca horf«tur. Caesar, .nilitcs l,ortatus, in
hostes pre.
hcisc tur. Haec, qua. suj.ra scripta sunt,
eo spectant, ut te horter ,
et suadeam. Pueros ad hmden, horteniur.
dent.b,« se tutantur.
gJTfeagnum conanmr. Me haec
Cornibus taiiri,
ag^
apn ^^^
Lrou^
<^.5,^conante,n
Merent PeccaU
<ît pudor.
n.oa fatebor.
Lnperator legiones hortabatur, ne
Principes conabantur
Mm Â^
potm . Gloria virtutem,
toti.is QalC
tanquam umbra, sequitur. Homines vir-
ute, non fortuna, n.etimur. Ca^^^torem libenter sequebantui.
Itomani per Bntanniam iter facere
conati sunt. Pater filium amplec-
"^'"^
I
hostem
I,
profectus T\ ^"^P^'""'* ''^^
In Qalliam proficisoamur. Manibus,
™*^'"' Cons,d sic locutus, in ,
pedibus ^-^>^^
est.
noctesque et d.es conati eranms.
Haec a n>e sunt^ripia, lITte H-""
'*.'"'"''"^'"' ^
\TZ
sequsre.
"?.>^ ^''''^'-
Cicero saepe nobiscuni de
Exempla virorum fortiun.
virtuto et de animo loquebatur
Me, vel nnperatore vel milite,
utimini. Caesar paucos dies in his
OC.S moratiir, navium parandarum causa. Fi'liam
lencru.n, dulce
loquentem
emt
amplexus pater.mComraius hospitio Ariovisti usus
Fractarum naviura materia atque acre
ad reliquas (naves)
re6ciendas utebatur Caesar. ^ '
The general exhc.ted his soldiers to fight bravely,

vam endeavoured ^neas in
embrace the shade
to (spirit) of bis wife. The bovs
were enjoying the cool shade of
the oak tree. Let us w llingly follow
'"^
«lTiT
attacked the r'^
enemy's camp.
^'''^''- "^^'^
The Helvetii were endeavouring td

^°^^' h'^î^g thus spoken,
J-^rcea passage through the province

against Caesar's wUl. (ie
Caesar bemg uuwUling.) Let us
endeavour to make ourselves mas-
ters of the whole of Gaul.
The chiefs will endeavour to lead the
army across the Rhine. The Roman,
followed glory. On the same
dâesar set out from the camp,
and has tened into Italy.
• A 'ior oAeu govcrus tUe genlttv«i, aa here.
5
FIRST r^TIN READER.
77
(Syntax) Rule XIX.- »'/,«,
S.
\^' totaiii motion toward- y, ,rpre.»ed tht
miiw* of tmoTU, and islands ^-frtMed, th.
ta ])edc3 are ,mt in ti
, fiinôr,
tiir jujTo,
itcs {)n»-
e horter fixW^
A, ^,
EXERCISE XXVII. i,
!C agere ,
./
\e fidfinj /Â-^C
'^
GalliiM) Athf .. n, „.*.,., _. i'Tf*' ""^^'^ Pers.ae legates n.isemntr^^
, lo.'Tun^y
nes vir-
sbantuT.
implec-
itus, in ,
™
, ut te ^- "id Ca=sari, r„pi«
'Cit ^ '
f P™'""»«>'™ittcret,
fortium Hi
ebatur.
in his
dulce
.
«it Dnmnorigi, ut i.iora c.,.,„fetur
XS l„2^f'^ p
'""™"-
ti usiis
(naves)
The boys returned to Athens along with their fatl.nr Ti u- ^
leas in
le boys
follow
poken,
ing to
,
ui the
{i.e.,
mas-
'ions. Let ,.s loan, to JZZ ^r T^ Xelr ^"^
I
same
"J^' '^^ ^^6 v*^''*t ^ê may see) our parents.
• Ar<."Iert" Id equHl to «<n<m.

78 nnST LATIN RP;^T^|l:K.
SECTION XVIII.
The following V«rhH differ from the paradigms already given, either
adding the inflexions
ESSE, to be. Principal
IHDIOATIVB. BUBJDNOTIVK.
PRES.— (I Atn, Ac> n may be, Ac)

S. Sum, Eb, Est Sim, Sis, Sit
P. Bilmaa, Estis, Sunt SlmuB, SItiB, Sint
IMPERF.—d WM, Ac.) (I mlKht or should be, Ac)

S. Eram, Eras, Erat EBsem, Esses, Esset
P. ErSmus, Eratis, Erant Essemus,! Essotis, Essent
FUT.—{1 shall or will be, Ac.) (I may bo about to be, Ac)

S. £ro, ErU, Erit FuturuB Bim, Futurua bIb,
Futurus Bit
fi 1
P. ErImuB, ErItiB, Ernnt Futuri BimuB, Futuri bUIb,
Futuri Bint
PERF.—{\ liave been, Ac) (I may have been, Ac)

S. Ftii, i'uiBti, Fuit Fu-erim, -eris, -erit «
P. FiiimuB, FuiatiB, Fuerunt, or Fu-erlmufl, -erltiB, -erint

FuSre
it PLUPERF.-(l had been, Ac) (I mlKht or should have been, Ac)

S. Fii-eram, -eras, -erat Fu-issem, -isses, -isset
i il I
P. Fu-eramus, -eratis, -erant Fu-issemus, -issetis, -issent
FUT. PERF.—(l shall have been, Ac)

S. Fu-ero, -eris, -erit
P. Fu-erlmus, -erftis, -erint
• Like ««m are declined Its compounds, absvm, "lam away from;" adaum, "I
a rf In those parts in
Mhlch the simple vert begins
t Fortm, firrri, /f>rat. Ac, are often used instead of eatem. Ac
I
FIRHT LATIN RKADER.
ra
IRREOULAR VERBS.
In t.e »^.er of forcing the Perreet
and «upi„, or in the
™ode of
PA.RTS— Sum, Fui, Esse.*
IMPKRATIVE,
(Be thou, &0.)

-, £8
~, Este
(Thou Shalt be, Ac) (To bo about to be.)

— , Esto, Eato
Futtlr-um
(About to be.)
Futflr-U8, -j
am > eaaei --a, -a©
-, EatSte, Sunto
um )
um, -i, &c.
(To have been.)

Fuisse
1 ror, u one., uwd inrtead of^//,^,m f^„
il
80 rillMT I.\TIN ItKADKU,
If' IRREOULAR VERBS ronfimwd,
Jii. roSSUM, / ,tm„/>fc
T\mum mnponndud of ;»,i/., (ho stiMii of (ho ndjoodvo pofiit, " nhio," nm]
In :
t»m, mn," Whonovor (ho |mr(«» of ginn hoKiii with nn c, (ho < tii
•' I
^wr U rotnlno.l liii(. whon (hoy hoKin with h, tlio t in n^Niiiiihitoil to »;

;
nx, /xi< At, /•<•/ (•»•((»« ; hii( /Hw<((,« (\ir /Htf .turn, jumiiii I'or /tot niin. In
Iho jioiloi'( i.iiil (lofivod toiiNOM, (lio / of /'«/ in oml(toi| ; iih. ;«tf h» for
j-o/./id*. Tho lm|H«mtivo U wuii(ii\u:, iiml iho I'n-Mi-iit Piirtitiiplo, jnihun,
h unoil an iiM iiilji'otivo. /\;.«r is fur yot cvt,'.
Viwmnvxh Parts — rossum. Potni, Posmo.
INDIOATIVK. UriUirNCTIVK.
/'A'A'.S. (I mn Milo, .t»v) (I II IV liimhlfl. .ti'.)
Pnanini, Poadln PoNRit

r. Posnttmns, rotc-^tis, Possnnt Podntmnii, PoasUlu, Po««lnt
(I loliilit or ithoiilil \w iililo, An\)

S. I't^t ornm, -ovum, tnit I'OSM 0111, -OH, -Ot
r. l'»\t-orAuiUf«, -Ki-tttiH, -ornnt l^w^^-^^llu^s, -o(i«, -out
m1 - S.
r.
PSt-pro, -oris, -orit
Pot-orimus, -orltU, -oruni
^c«!',are?!SJSSB!isra
11
H
'
S.
t*KKf\--{\ hnvo
Potu-l. -istl, -it
»>(>iMi ttliln, Ai-,) (I
Potu-orim,
mny liiivo lioim «^>I^
-oris, -orit
.tpo.)
r. Potu-imus, -istia, -orunt, or Potu-orTmus, -orltis, -orint

11 1 '
-
-ere
rrJ'PKKr.' (\ hml \w<?n nitlo. *c.) (I niljtlit hftvo lipoii nlilo, iVc.)
J<. Potu-oram, -orus, -or«t Potu issoiii, -isfos, -issot

v. Potu-orttimis, -oriitis, -oraiit Potii-issoinns, -Issctia, issoiit
!
i^rr. rK!ir-(\ dhniniuvolitUMinblo,
S, l*otu om, -t»ris, -orit

P. P.idi-orîUHs, -otitis, -oiint
iNriNiTivr,
PKRF. Potu-isae. fo A«iiv '.«<« nhU,

'HINT I.ATJN llRAriKIl.
81
IRREODLAK VERBS .:„„„,.
r'm.av.uVM^ V, „„, ,v„n,i. 1V.„1,.«<.,

r INDtCATIVK.
"UIIJUNOTIVK.
« rr«-.,„„, p,„rt.„.,
r,„,,.„.' ,„.,'""' ;"" '". *«
IMl'IHih'. (I vviw unoftil 10.

A,.,)
'•"l«hH,r»l,o«|,|ba„m,ri,lto.
*o)
I r<>( „«H(.ln, .«HN(,H,
'• 1 rod (VAnniN, .uufiH, .„r«iit .OONdt
a "lay l,„ „|„mt to'bu

«. Prod-oro, -orli, -erit '..^..'^.irt'i.y^to
r^ Prod-orlmui, ,
Pro'uturu. ilm. sli, alt
-ortciK, -orunt
.?I°?^^_'f" "« «^tl8, tint
S.
(I m»y hav« been niemi
Prfifti-I, -lati,
-It
to, Ac.)
r. Profu.Imu.,
Profii-erlm, .eri»,
-erit
.i,tl», .«runt, .,•
Profti-erlmua, erltla,
-ero erint
(I nilKht Imvo bo„„

IVoC'I-iHHnm, -iHN.W,
„„.f„, ^ ^^.
^
-JHSot
M««ftll to, Ac)

H. lVon,-oro, -oris, -orit
' •
I roliMiriHms,
-oritiH, -orint
ruKs.-
('J'o bo uaofiil to.)
Prod-osae
S. — ,
Prod.o8to, Prod-flgto
(To bo ftboiit to bo UMfiiu^)
i
•
— ,
Prod-e«tote, Pro-«unto
Proftitur-um
)
am esae, or Profor«.
— — nm
wm
f
^ AAA. do huvo
Proftttttr-uB, a, um i iGiU IS56
boeii u,«fm to.)
(>
82 FIRST LATIN JJEADER.
IRREGULAR
EO, / go. Principal Parts
So belongs to the Fourth Conjugation. Its stem, -t, becomes -e before
indicative eo for to ; 3d plural present eunt for iunt. The imperfect
INDICATIVE, SUBJUNCTIVE.
PRES.—(l go, or am going, <fcc.) (I may go, Ac)
S. Eo, Is, It £am, Eas, £§,t
P. Imns, Itis, £aiic Eamus, Eatis, Eant
IMPERF.—([ was going, <fcc.) (I might, Aa, go, A&)

S. Ibam, Ibas, Ibat Irem, Ires, Iret
P. Ibamus, Ibatia, Ibant Iremus, Iretis, Irent
FUT.—{1 shall or will go, Ac.) (I may be about to go, Ac.)

S. Ibo, Ibis, Ibit Iturus sim, Itunis sis, &c.
F. Ibimus, Ibitis, Ibant
PERF.—(l have gone, Ac) (I may have gone, Ac)
S. Iv-i, -isti, -it, &c. Iv-erim, -eris, -erit, &c.
PLUPERF.—il had gone, Ac.) (I might have gone, Ac)

S. Iv~eram, -eras, &c. Iv-issem, -isses, &c.
FUT. PERF.—O. shall have gone, Ac)

S. Iv-ero, -eris, &c.
BupiNE — I'ûm, Itu.
Note (1.) That eo has a passive voice only in the 3d singular as, itur, " it ;
" to go away ;" ineo, " to enter ;" recko, *' to return," &c.) are conjugated
are usually contracted into ti, iisti [isti). (3.) That some of the compounds
FIO, I am 'iiiade, or / become. Principal

Fio serves as the Passive Voice of facto, " I
PRES.—(l become, Ac) vl may become, Ac)

S. Fio, Fis, Fit Fi-am, -as, -rt
P. Fi-mus, Fi-tis, Fi-unt Fi-amus, -atis, -ant
IMPERF.-(l became, Ac) (I might become, Ac.)
S. Fl-ebam, -ebas, &c. Fl-erem, -eres, &c.
FUT.— a shall become, Ac)
S. Fi-am, -es, -St, &c.

FIEST LATIN READllB.
83
VERB S continued.
— Eo, Ivi, itum, Ire.
~
IMPERATIVE.
(Oo thou, Ac.)
-, Ite lens, Euntis

lens, Euntis
lens, Euntis
(Thou Shalt go, <fea)

(To be about to ga)
-, Ito, Ito '.bout to go.)
Itur-um
Itote, ) Itilr^v -i
-, Eunto &m
.
\ esse Itur-a, -ae

ûm )
Itur-um, -i, &c.
(To have gone, 4c.)
Iv-isse
GisEUND— Eundum, Eundi,

„^ „ ., &c
Parts — Fio, Factus sum, Flgri
(Become thou.)
(To becoma)
Flgri
—, Fite
(To be about to become.)

fciî;:^;:;:;^^
J»e âde or to becoma)
|
Factum iri
' JFaciend-u8, -i
Faciend-a, -ae
i Faoiend-um, -i, &c.
84 nilMT LATIN IlKAUKK.
IRREGULAR
iNiMiu'nvn. MillJIINlVriVN.
;l I'KHf. (I httva iHit'uiiio, Ao.) (I limy Imvii biuutitin, Ac.)
H. FMtui um, Fuotui U, ka. Fttotui slm, Fnotui tli, ko.
(I niltfliti Imvii bi<(<nin«, Ac.)
8. F««itiii» warn, KuctuM orH«, Ao, l<'HOtllM flltNnilt, I'ÂOlllH (iNXiCIt, &0.
Ac)
8. Knolun fro, I''iu\t««« ortH, i<-c.
FKItO, / hrlnif or Imtr. TMuncii'AL

7'Vn) itt of tliu Tlilnl ('oi\iiiKii(i<iii, but Ih irroKuliir in tlin rort'oot mill
tU\n*,/ert for/«ir-»-#,/«)rl (or fifr-i-t, /em {or fMt^-re,
ACTIVE
l*HKS. (1 lu>»r, Ac.) (I limy linar, Ao,;
8. FXro. F«r«i. F«rt FerHim, -ns, -ftt, ô.
r. Ffir-IiuuB, For-tli, For~unt
WPKRF.d WM bwving, Ac.) (I mlKlit lioiir, Ac)

8. Fi<r<db«in, -abas, &o. Fer-rom, -ran, -rot, &o.
tUr. (V iltuH or win liour, Ac.) (I limy Ixi nlioiit to boar, Ac.)
8. Fer-am, -ts, -«t, &». LilturuB !!», ila, &o.
Jf»ifiW.— (I h»T« borne, Ao.) (I m%y hATO bnrna, A«s.)
8. Tfil-i, -isti, -it Tiil-8rim, -erU, -erit, &c.

P. Tftl-ImuB, -iitii,-enjnt,«>r-er«
riVI'KRF. (I liiul lioniP, Ae.) (1 nil({lit liiivb boriio, Ac.)
a. Tftl-i^raiu, -eras, &c. Tnl-i-isoni, -iHsas, &o.
FUT. rKRF. (I Nhiili Imvo Imrno, Ac.)

8. Tul-pro, -oris, v*ko.
L
BuriMK— Lat-uiii, I^tu.
If I !• 1
k._J.
KrilMT I.ATfN ItWAIilCtt.
80
VERB 8 cnntinvrd.
or / hfcon^ tuvUinued.
IMI'HIUTIVH.
INriNITIVM. PARTIOIPt,!,
(T«> Imvo bucdina.) (IlatltiK bmiuiiio.)
Faot-um \
FllOt-UB, -i
——-am > flBie Vaot«ft , -ae
•—-urn ) Faot-um, -1, fcfl.
Pauth— F«ro, I'dli, r/itum. Form

l^^rru, (2(1 «in«ul.ir promuit paMHJv,,)
((.r/cr-ij-m, &o.
VOIOK.
(Iltidr tliuu, Ac.) (I'o bom-.) (H(inilti;{,)
, For Far-ra
Fer-oni, -entii
, Far-te
For-ons, -ontJi
For-oiiB, -ontii, &«.
Criiiiu Nlmlt bour.)

(To be About to buiir.) (About to boar,)
, For-to, Fejvto Latur-um Latur-U8, -I
, For-tote, For-unto
Latur~a, -ae
Latur-uir, -t
(To havo bortio.)
n
(irMLSj — Fcrcud uui, -j, &«.
86 Fifi8T LATIN llEADEA.
IRREGULAR
FSror, Latus
PASSIVE
INDIOATIVK. B0BJUNOTIVK.
PRES.—(I am borne, Ac.) (I uiny bo bonio, Ac)

S. Th-OT, Fer-rig, Fer-tur Fer-aif. ario, -&tur
r. Fer-Imur, -Imini, -untur Fer-amur, -imlni, -antur
IMPERF.— a was borue, Ac) (I might be borne, Ac)

S. Fer-ebar, -ebiris, &o. Fer-rer, -reria, -retur, &c
FUT.—d shall be borne, Ac)
S. Fer-ar, -Sria, -5tur, &c
PBRF.—{1 have been bonie, Ac) (I may have been borne, Ac)
S. L&tus sum, Latus es, &c. Latus -sim, Latus sis, &c.
PLUPERF.—{\ had boen borne, Ac) (I might have been borne, Ac)
S. Latus eram, eras, &c. Latus essem, esses, &o.
FUT. PERF.-d shall have been

borne, Ac)
S. Latus ero, eris, &o.
In the same way are conjugated
Atfero (ud fero) Attuli

Eflfero (e or ex fero) Extuli
Perfero ^jer fero) PertuU
KinST LATIN liEADltK.
87
V£RB S—continued.
6UU1, Ferd
VOICE.
IMPERATIVK. INKINITIVR. PARTIOIPLK.
(He thou bonie.) (To bo boriio.)

-, Fer-re Fer-ri
-, Fer-imini
(Thou Shalt bo borne.) (To be about to bo boina) I

(RcqnlrlnR to be borne.)
-, Fer-tor, Fer-tor Latum iii Ferend-uB, 4
- Fer-emini, Fer-un-
Ferend-a, -ae
tor
Ferend-um, -i, &c
(To have been borne.)

(Borne.)
Lat-um ) lat-us, -i
-am > esse I at-a, -ae
-um ) Lat-um, -i, <feo.
the compounds of Fero ,
Ailatum Afferre.
2latum Efferre.
I'ur latum Ptsrftirre, A'tc &c.
M
88 FIRST LATIN READKIl.
1. (Syntax) Rule
XXl—TJie infinitive mood usiuiUu depcmU^
en another verb ; as, Cupio disccro,
/ ain eaqer to learn
2. (SYNTAX) Rir,,K
XXII.- 7%. mhject to 'a verb in the tn/nititr
mood upnt in the accimative; as, IIostks
pauakb bellum vidct,
Ac sees that the enemy are prqmring
{for) war
3. (Syntax) Rulb XXIII.-yA.
compounds sum, except pos-
mm govern the dative; as, I«terfuit praelio, heofwas present at the
EXERCISE XXVIII. A^v^,

Caesar vir magnus ct clams f.iit. Nonno in horto fiiistis agri-
colae? Nonno in horto^fmstia^ agricolae?
Nunquara
deerit tibi
la'.is, 81 probus fucria. Av^ Ciocronis actatcm oratores mnlti
atque
,^clarifacnnit. Ante belhira Punicnm secundum
tr* >' iniperatores nmlti
M clan fuerant, ncc postea dcfucrunt. Multia praeliis interfuerant
milites. Divitiacus copiis iEduonun praefuit. Si Caesar ipse equi-
tatui praefuisset, hostes non eflfugisscnt.
Beatus esse sine virtute potest nemo.
Mons altissimus impendet,
/ ut facile perpauci prohibero hostes
possint. Mons altissimus im-
pendebat, ut facile perpauci prohibere
hostes possent. Romani con-
sequi hostes non potuerunt.
Divitiacus plurimum poterat apud
suos cives Possunt, quia posse videntur. Non est dubium quin*^,^ y,
totius Galhae plurimum Ilelvetii possint. Viri boni slimus, si iiu
^'^^'
prosunuis, quibus (jvodesse) possumus.
Caesar negat se posse iter ^ûmû/
ulli per provinciara dare.
Qui possum facere quod quereris ? Califs (^
non potuit attingere cibum, quern
petebat.
You cannot be happy without virtue. If you are (jires. suhj)

rich, younever want friends ; (?'. ,;., friends will
uill
never be wanting
to you.) Labienus commanded Caesar's cavalry.
Labienus, as lieii^
tenant-general, was in charge of the
camp. Our soldiers were not
able to repulse the enemy.
Caesar's ships had not been able to
rea^h the island. Divitiacus was very powerful at home
(domi)
and m
the rest of Gaul. The king who had been given (them)
was useless. The dogs were not able to
reach the flesh which they
were aiming at. Let us be useful to all our
friends. Cicero had been
of great service to the state.
* Qi/m Is eqimlto ,7«i (old ablatlvo ot quis) and non or ne, and means literally
what mantier, not,- or "liow, not"
1.1
It is usually translated, " but that."
u and
generally followed by the subjunctive.
'i:3
riBST LATIN KEADKK.
89
petids
nitive / ' EXERCISE XXiy .
vidct,
"'" CSnt/"Anlu« fert tales n.ices-
que
pos-
sinu tlô''""!*"''^!-^'"'
Que^s'liu laxo. Iniprobi cives arma contra
patriam fenint. Aura ^^^ ^^*-^
at the
Multa tul.t fecitquo puer.
FInnicn lUicnus Jongo spatio
per fines
Germanorum
fera.. Sapiens
fertur.
nomen
Quodvis pete I^M.^\.. t'Lnte
-^û>a.\ in.sani ferat. T^Wctii adn.irati sunt,
ârem injunas tam din in.puno Cae-
tulisse. Ariovistus tantam ar;ogan.
tigri-
t^^m sumpserat, nt ferendns
; tibi
ntuht.
non videretur. Lupus causam
S^ res adversaa milu forttzna
imposuisset, animo aequo
Si
itqiie
nulti
jraiit
u~
cum pecuma. '"f caput
Rana quaedam
^''""'^ ^^- ^«î ferebantrco
e stagno profcrt. Canis per I
equi- tern putabat^ Leo m.probus totam praedam

abstulit. Eodcn
CaesarinuntiatumestAriovstn
idet, I ruloT'"''T:"'"''""^^^*-
opulo Romano bellum iiitulisse.
im-
con-
ipnd
The boy was not able to bear the pain of
the disease. The Hel-
il lis
and
il
trrot
Tr^T-^'^-
•'"
TZ
.J^'T """ ^^^
'' '"' '^^^''' ^^'"^ ^''^' ''
injuries with contented
^ê wretched
iter ,''
-•/
.n/.) against he gods.
anis The farmei^s son used to cany apples and
nl" I Tb 'r f'^1 \f

'^^ "^^^^-
^^* ^'^^ -" ^- ^^'f^ ^- '
ibj.)
1
consuls
1
^'"^'
wd
1
.'^^SC (>^. ''''"
hasten over the Alps with the
legions.
;..r/:) war on the Ronmns, the
All the baggage
ting "'' '"^
ieii-
aMr.f Tf
agmnst their fellow-citizens.
'' had waged wS
^''''-
Some dogs swimming over a river
'^^' '^'"^^^^
not canning flesh saw their own forms

in the clear wat^r. The whole
Helvetian state waged war
J to on the Romans with all their
Let wjse „en receive (bear) Ircel
mi) the name of fools. The ships
were borne
over the sea with a favouring
em) breeze. Caesar bo-, for a long time
the injuries of
hey (..., done by) the HelvetiL Rich men ar. able The
een
f lowîtizens. There is no doubt but that Caesar
nunself master of
is able to make
all Gaul.
illy,
and
the Il^L'"^rZLl' "--' *° '''"'*'-" '^^"••'•«' P'"""- •''-'' -PP"ea ta
- - eT'"''
ji_.e ii,.^.g^ auu. Hirers
10 zai Jn-jnm of
=
live tumi.
.m^.M*'t
90 FIKHT LATIN KKAnKU.
XBBEGULAR
vOlo, /
Tliirt verb U Irregular In tho present Indiciitiyo uml
PlUNCU'AL PaUTH —
IMDIOATIVI. 0U1UUNUTIVK.
/'/iA'A (I luii wlUliiv, iko.) (I niKy bt< wllltiiK, Ac)

H. vaio, Vli, Vult V«l-lin, -Is, -It
p. VSlflmui, Vultii, VSlnnt V8l-Imui, -itii, -Int, ko..
lSil'KliF:—(l wna wIIHuk, Ac.) (I inlKlit bo willing, Jiv.)
S. Vol-Obain, -obas, &o. Vol-lom, -lej*, -lot, &o.
Fl'T.—(l tliall bo Mrllllim, Ac.)

S. V61-am, -i», -et, &o.
rtiRF—d have been wlUliiK. Ac) (I may ImYU boon wlUlutf, Aa)
S. VSia-l, -l«ti, -it, ke. Voln-erim, -6rU, ka.
I'LUPKJiF. -(I UtiiX boon willliiK, Aa) (I iiiIkIU havo boon willing, Ac)
S. V51u-or«iu, -eras, &o. Volu-is8uin, -iasca, &c.
rUT. J'HJiK- (1 almll Imvo boon

willing, Ac)
8. V51u-ero, -eris, &o.
NOLO, lam
Sato is composod of no or noti, " not," and
PiiiNciPAL Parts —
/'AA'&— (I am unwiUiuff, Ac) (I niny bo unwilling, Ac)
S. Nfilo, Non-vis, Non-vult N51-im, -is, -It
P. Kfilumaa, Non-viiltia, Nolunt N51-Imas, -itis, -iut
JMPERr.—{\ VM unwIUhiK, Ac.) (I might bo unwilling, Ac)

S. Nol-obam, -obas, -«bat, &c. ^^li-lem, -lo.s, -let, &c.
/'L'T.—(l Hhiill bo unwilling, ic)

8. Ndl-am, -68, -at
—
KIRH'i t ATIN HKADttlt

91
VXBB S continued.
am îfUlimj,
prtwmt Inflnltivts aiul the tciwos

durlvwl fr.,ui then I.
V61o, V61ui, VQ\h
IMl'KRATIVK IWUNITIVK. PAKTIOIPLM.
— (To bo wUUinf.)
Voile Volens
(Willing.)
— .
VolontiB, &o.
•
-.
—
(To liavB been willing.)
Volu-iase
•
•
—
,.._
iiMtrilling.
t>iilo; tho first Hyllal.lo is

therefore long.
Nolo, Nolui, Nolle.
(!»o thou unwllliiiK.)

(To bo unwilling.)
(Unwilling.)
-, Noli NdUe
— , NSlIte
Noleus
Nolentis, &c.
(Thou Bhiilt bo unwilling.)

-, N61Ito, Nolito
-, NSlitote, Noluuto
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^
92 FIRST lATIN READEB.
IRREGULAR
NOLO, / am
INDICATIVK. BUBJUNCTIVE.
PERF.—{1 have been unwilling, Ac.) (r may have been unwilling, Ac.)
S. N61u-i, -isti, -it, &c. Nolu-erim, -eris, &c.
PLUPERF.—d liad been unwilling, Ac.) (I might have been unwilling, Ac)
S. Nolu-eram, -eras, &o. Nolu-issem, -isses, &c
PUT. PERF.—{\ shall have been
unwilling, Ac.)
S. Nolu-ero, -eris, &c.
MALO, 1 am
Mdlo is composed of magia or mage, " more,"
PuiNciPAL Parts —
PRES.—(l am more willing, Ac.) (I may bo more willing, Ac)
S. Halo, Mavis, Mavnlt Mal-im, -Is, -it
P. Maliimus, Mavnltis, Malunt Mal-imus, -Itis, -int
IMPERF.-(l WHS h. re willing, Ac) (I might be more willing, Ac)

S. Mal-ebam, -ebaa, &c. Mal-lcm, -les, -let, &c.
FUT.—il shall be more willing, Ac)

S. Mal-am, -es, -et, &c.
PERF.—(l have been more willing, Ac) (I may have been more willing, «c)
S. M51n-i, -isti, -it, &c. Malii-erim, -eris, &c.
PLUPERF.—Î had been more (I might have been more willing,

willing, Ac) Ac)
S. Malu-eram, -eras, &c. Jl^lu-issem, -isses, &c.
FUT. PERP—(\ shall have been n-ore

willing. Ac)
S. Malu-ero, -eris, &c.
PTRST LATIN READER. 98
VERBS—<^tinued.
unwiUing—continued.
IMPERATIVB. IKFINITIVB. PARTIOIPLB.
(To have been anwllling.)

Noluisse
more willing.
and »ofo, and has the first syllable long.
Malo, Malui, Malle.
(To be more willing.)
Halle
(To have been more

willing.)
Malu-isee
lii
Non eadem volo senex, quae volui adolescens. Quia noluistis ves-
^™™ ^®""® malum pjerferte. Nfllijipntiiy^ Ifolite, judices,
a,t^^
v^^ de me
^Jîilira,
ita existimare. QuodÎiimas, libenter crftjlffflii^:^ ftlem velle
et idem nolle, ea firma amicitia est. Nosti* ingenium mulierum;
nolunt, ubi veJis,—ubi nolis, cupiunt ultro. Nemo, me nolente, pecu-
niam Aulo raeo auferet. Iracundia non vult regi. Caesar ab Hel-
vetiis discedere nolebat. Si vis amari, ama. Stultus corvus, dum
vocem ostendere vult, emisit ore caseum.
Noli coram pluribus cani-
bus panem cruore tinctura mittere, ne nos vivos devorent. Dum
r^viUtinflare bese validius, rupto jacuit corpore. Noli imputare
y
vanufaêneficium mihl Quum mustela, ab homine prensa, in-
AvuVv./ Ptantem necem effugere vellet ; parce, inquit, mihi, quae domum tibi
iiiol<3Stis muribus purgo. Senex asino suadebat fugere, ne possent
capi. Hydrus ranas singulas aspero dente corripere coepit.t Gracu-
lus ad proprium genus redire coepit maerens. Si voluisses pati quod
natora dederat, banc repulsam non sentires.
A
lion was anxious to go-a-hunting, {l e., to hunt,) with a donkey
I for a companion. The stag begins to run over {per) the plain. The
foolish crow was anxious to show oflF its voice. The enemy began to
I assemble from all pares. The inhabitants began to cultivate the
fields. Ambassadors were sent to Rome to the senate, to sue for
peace. The enemy began to retreat. The soldiers, worn out {de-
fessus) with wounds, had begun to retreat. Don't be at all (imperat.
of nolo) afraid ;
(t. «., do not fear.) We know {novi) the wisdom of
Socrates, (and) the justice of Aristides. The citizens began to build
a new city.
*•
SECTION XIX.
DEFECTIVE VERBS.
1.Defective Verbs are those which want some of their parts.
Thus, volo, rmlo, &c., are not only Irregular, but also Defective
Verbs. The following, however, are more largely defective, since they
either want the present and derived tenses, or have only a few
• y<M«, for novUHf perfect of notco, but often translated as a present

Se€
next page. t For coepi^ see next page.
I
FIHST LATIN READER. 96
isolated parts, principally of the present
stem. Thus, coepi, « I begin •"
numtni, "I remember;" 6di, "I hate;" « I know,"
and nm, have
only the /)<?r/,?rf (preterite) tense and
the forms derived from it: from
which circumstance they are sometimes
called Preteriiive Verbs.
2. The perfects are translated as presents,

the pluperfects as per-
fects indefinite or imperfects, and the future perfects as futures.
The reason of this change is evident when
we remember that inem-
zm means, " I have called to mind," i. e., "
literally
I remember •"
odi, " I HAVB conceived a hatred,"
i. e., « I hate," &c
INDICATIVE.
PERFECT.
Coepl. Mgmln-I. 6d-I. NSv-I.
Goep-istl. Mgmln-istl. Od-isti. Nov-isti.
Coep-it, &C. Memln-it, &c. Od-it, &c. >76v.it, &c.
PLUPERFECT.
Coep-lram Memln-eram. 6d-eram. Ndv-eram.
FUTURE PERFECT.
Coep^ro. Uemln-ero. Od-Sro. N8v-«ro.
SUBJUNCTIVE.
PERFECT.
Coep-grim. Mgmln-grim. Od-grim. Nov-Srim.
PLUPERFECT.
Coep-issem. Mgmln-issem. 0>d-issem. Nov-issem.
IMPERATIVE.
FUTURE.
S. Memen-to. | P. Mgmen-t5to
INFINITIVE.
Coep-isse. Memin-isse. 6d-isse. N8v-i88e.
PARTICIPLES. !
I
,
•'I i
PERFECT.
Coep-tTis.
:l I
6-SU8 {obsolete.) (NC-tttB.)
See FUTURE.
Coep-tflms. Q-ttxViM.
96 FIRST LATIN RBADEE.
3. Ajo or aiOf " I say," " I say yes," has only the following
parts :—
PRESENT INDICATIVE. PRESENT SURJUNCTIVS.
S. Ajo, A!8, Alt. S. — Aias, Aiat.
,
P. ~, — , Aiunt. P. — — Aiant.
, ,
IMPERFECT INDICATIVE. PARTICIPLE PRESENT.

S. Aiebtm, Aiel>as, Aiebat. Aiens, affirming.
P. AiebamuB, Aiebatis, Aiebant.
4. Inquam^ " I say," is likewise very defective. Of inqv/im it
must be noticed, (1) that it is only used (like our " says I") in quot-
ing the words of a person ; and (2) that it never stands as the first
word of a clause :
INDICATIVE.
PRESENT. IMPERFECT.
S. Inqaam, Inquis, Inquit. -, , Inquiebat.
P. Inqnlmas, Inqultis, Inqniont.
PERFECT. FUTURE.
S. , Inqoisti, Inquit. S. -, Inqoies, Inquiet,
"f
IMPERATIVE.
Pres. Sing. Inque. |
Put. Sing. Inqulto.
SECTION XX.
_ IMPERSONAL VERBS.
1. Impersonal Verbs are used only in the third person singular, and
have no personal subject—i. «., have no substantive or substantive
pronoun as their subject. They are like the English phrases, i.
snows, it rains, it happens, &c.

2. The third singular of regular verbs is sometimes used imper«
sonally ; as, accidit, " it happens," from accido, " I fall in with,"
" happen on."
3. The following refer to the weather and certain natural pheno-
mena:—
FIRST LATIN READER.
97
Floit, it rains. Laoeacit and illuoesoit, it dawns.
Ningit, it snows. Fulgiirat and falmlnat, it lightens.
Grandlnat, it hails. Tonat, it thunders.*
Lapidat, or lapidatum est, stones Vesperascit and advesperaioit, it
fail from heaven. grows dark.
4. The following six, referring to feelings of the

mind, take the
accusative of the person experiencing the feeling
; as, Miseretmetui
'
« I pity you," (literally, « It pities me of you") :—
MIsgret (me), I pity; perf. miserit- Piidet (me), / am ashamed; perf.
am est, misertiuu est, or miser- puduit, or puditum est.
nit. Taedet (me), / am disgusted; perf.
Plget(me), I regret; perf. piguit, pertaesum est, and rarely taed-
or pigitam est. uit.
Jiroenltet (me), / re/pent; perf. poen- Oportet (me), it is necessary for me,
itnit. 1 must; perf. oportuit.
5. Some have a substantive as their subject, and are

used' in the
the third plural, with a neuter plural as subject; as,
Parimm parva
decent —
Decet (me), it becomes me; pert. LIbet, or lubet (raihi), / like,
dScuit. choose; perf. libuit, or UbJtum
Dedgcet (me), it does not become me; est.
perf, dedecuit. licet (mibi), 7 am permitted; perf.
Liquet, it is obvious; perf. lieuit. lieuit, or llcltum est.
6. Some personal verbs are used impersonally

in the third person
smgular, and with a meaning more or less different
from that of the
personal forms :
Interest and refert, it is of impor- Delectat and jiivat (me), it delights

tance to. me.
Accldit, evenit, contingit, or fit, Fallit, fiigit, and praeterit (me),
it happens.
it escapes me.
Accedit, it is added to, or in addi- Placet, it pleases, perf. plicuit, or
tion to.
pl&citam est.
Attinet and pertlnet (ad), it con- Praestat, it is better.
cerns or pertains to. Restat, it remains.
CondHcit, it is conducive, Vacat, it is wanting.
Convgnit, it suits. Est, in the sense of licet, it is per-
Constat, it is known or established. mitted.
Ezpedit, it is expedient.
Ja
and ^"^"f ^^T "^
In a flguraUve
°<^*=*»iona"y used
seuse, orator tonat.
" personaL TOu. we find Juviur tmal-
"^y^^ lonai,
(138) 7
7. Most verbs may be used impersonally in the Passive Voice,

\
W
This usually hapi)ens in the case of intransitive verbs, which other-
wise have no passive oscurritiir, " they run ;" literally, '* it is run,".
;
i.<., "running is taking place." Thus, jAignatur, "they fight,"

(the battle is carried on ;) pugnahatur, " they were fighting ;" pug-
natum est, " they fought," &c, vivitur, " people live," (i, «., life ia
:
maintained :) ve7Uum est, " they came," &c.
8. (Stntax) Rule XXIV. An impersonal verb governs the

dative: as, Expedit reipublicae, it is profitable for the state.
9. Exceptions: —
(1.) B^fert and interest govern the genitive ; as, Refert regia^
"it concerns the king;" Interest civium, "it ia the
interest of the citizens." *
(2.) Miseret, poenitet, pudet, taedet, and piget govern an

accusative of the person (who feels pity, regret, shame,
&c.), and the genitivef of the ohject (which excites the
feeling) ; as, Pudet mepeccati, " I am ashamed of my
fault,"
(3.) Decet, delectat, juvat, and opoi'tetX govern the accupative

of a person with the infinitive ; as, ^'on decet te irasci,
'i
" it does not become you to be angry."
10. For further exceptions, and other tninutice, consult an advanced

grammar, or a dictionary under each verb.
rj, iXERcisE mi.

Licet nobis esse beam.' Ifobis gloriari Kcet, nulli gentium mitiorea
placuisse poenas. Caesariplacuit castra defendere. Caesari placuit,
ut ad Ariovistum legatos mitteret. Tibi ire licet.^ Tibi ire licuit.
Quod tibi lubet, idem mihi lubet. Vobis venire licuit. Non cuivis
contingit adire Corinthum. Legatus petebat, ut sibi discedere
.
liceret.
Omnium interest vera {accus. pi. neiU.) dicere. Mea interest virtu-
• But when the possessive pronouns accompany these verbs, tliey are used in the
forma mea rêrt, " it does not concern me."
rnei, tud, sua, noitrd, vestra; as, A'on
Some scholars consider these forms as in the ablative singular feminine, agreeing
with re; while others regard the phrases as abbreviations for fern meant fert, and
inter rem est meam. (See Key, Latin Grammar, § 910.)
t The infinitive mood is occasionally used instead of the genitive; aa, Pudet ni«
frairem hocfeeisse, " I am ashamed that my brother has done ttiia."
t Oportet is also followed by the subjunctive, but rarely. .
f
FIRST LATIN READER.
99
tem colere. Refert civitatis omnes legibus obteniperare.
Id nieft
minime refert. Quid id refert tua ? Quid patris niei interest, ubi
tu
Bis ? Tua et mea maxime interest, te valere. Tua (luod nihil refert
percontari dcsinas.
Miseret me tui. Non me poenitet hujus consilii.Inertem poenit-
ebit aliquando igiia\iae. Pueros ineptiarum poenitebat. Socratera
non puduit fateri, se multas res nescire. Nos miseret casfts tuL
the Morum civitatis me piget atque taedet. Nunquam Caesarera suscepti
negotii pertaesum est. Quem poenitet peccasse paene
est- innocens.
An poenitet vos, quod exercitum trans fluraen transduxerim
? Sunt
homines quos libidinis infamiaeque suae neque taedeat neque
pudeat.
Adolescentem verecundum esse decet. Pudet me peccati mei.
Sunt quos delectet segnem traducere vitam :— et sunt
quos studiis
invigilarejuvet. Pueros diligentes esse oportet. Caesarem oportet
ad Ariovistum venire. Ariovistus dixit, Caesarem oportere ad se
venire. Hoc fieri et oportet et opus est. Pecunia his civitatibus
pro frumsnto dari oportuit. Hoc te oportuit facere. Haec facta
esee a civibus oportebat.
EXERCISE XXXII.
Diiêt acriter pugnatum est. Gloriae maxime invidetur. Nemini

parcetur. Omnibus constabat hiemari in Gallia oportere. Nuntiatum
est Caesari Germanos in fuga esse. His rebus fit,
ut Helvetii minus
late vagentur. His rebua fiebat, ut Helvetii minus late vagarentur.
Vivitur ex rapto.
Milites vulneribus defessi pedem referre coeperunt. Caesar milites
hortatur ut veteris gloriae meminerint.
Legati dixerunt, se portOs
msulasque novisse. Multi te oderunt, si te solum amas. Multi te
odennt, si te solum ames. German! superbiam atque saevitiam
Lucu Varii odiase coeperant. TuUus HostUius, ut ait Livius, ferocior
etiam Romulo fuit. Novimus Aristidis justitiam, novimus Socrat's
eapientiam. Socrates interrogatus quinam homines tranquilliter
viverent: qui, inquit, nullius turpitudinis
sibi conscii sunt. Pater
tuus, inquit, maledixit mihi. Vos quoque, ait, cives! sustinete
hoc Tunc contra deus ;— quia noluistis, inquit, vestrum bonum ferre,
malum pe r-ferte. Equidem, inquit alter, me
contomptum esse gaudeo.
Nunc, mquit, sol unus omnes exurit lacus.
Quid refert mea cui
ser/iam, dum clitellas portem meas
?
^mmmimmmmi
100 FIRST LATIN READKB.
SECTION XXI.
INDECLINABLE PARTS OP SPEECH.
I. ADVERBS.
1. Adverbs are Tvords joined to verbs, adjectives, or adverbs, to
modify their signification. Adverbs are either (1) simple; as «a<rptf,
"often ;" post, "after :" or (2) derived ixom adjectives ; as docte, from
doci-us, -a, -um ; merito, from merit-us, -a, -wm ; facile , ixomfacil-4s,
-i3,-e; fortiter. hom fort-is, -is, -e: or (3) certain forms which were
originally cases of nouns ; as, noctu (by night), joar^m, ibi, ubi, &c.
2. Many adverbs, especially those derived from adjectives, are sub-

ject to comparison. The comparative of the adverb is generally
the nominative singular neuter of the adjectival comparative ; thus,
doctior, doctior, doctiiis, —this neuter, doctius, being used as the com-
parative of the adverb docte. From the superlative, doctissimus, is
formed the adverb doctissimi.

ADVERBS.
ADJECTIVES. !
P08ITIVK. COMPABATIVB. SCPBRLATIVK.

Doctui, Socte, Doctius, Doctissime,
learned. learnedly. more learnedly most learnedly
.
Felix, forttmate. FSUclter. FglToius. Felicissime.

Tortis, brave. Fortiter. Fortius. Fortissime.
Gravis, heavy. GravJter. Gravius. GravisBime.
Similis, like. Similiter. S:miliu8. Simillime.
Liber, free. Libere. Liberiua. Liberrime.
Ptdcher, beaiUifid. Pulchre. PulchriuB. Fulcherrime.
Aeger, sick. Aegre. Aegrius. Aegerrime.
Andax, bold. Audacter. AudaciuB. ^ AudacisBime
Amans, loving. Amanter. Amantius. AmantisBime.
Fmdens, wise. Frudenter. FrudentiuB. FrudentisBime.
3. In comparison, adverbs follow the irregularities of the adjeo

tives from which they are derived ; as,—
BSnuB, good. BSnS, well. Melius, bettf^. Optlme, best.

M&luB, bad. H&lS. Pejus. FesBime.
MultUB, much, many. Multum. Fias. Flurimum.
Magnus, great. Magnum. MagiB. Maxima.
(FropinquuB, near.) Fr5pe. FropiuB. Froxime, [mo.
(Pro or prae, before.) FriuB. Frimum, or pri*
Valldttfl, strong. Valde. Yalidius. Validissime.
PIIWT LATIN READER.
10]
4. Only a few of the primitive a<lverbs suffer :—
comparison
Dia, long Diatius. DifltiBiimJ.
SaepS, often. Saepius. Saepitiimi.
8Scui, otherwise, SSoius.
Tempgrl, in time. Tempgrius.
NQper, lateli/.
Naperrimfl.
S&tia, enough, or sufficient S&tias.
II. PREPOSITIONS.
5. Some Prepositions govern the

accusative, some the ablative
'
and a few either the accusative or ablative :—
(1.) The accusative :
Ad, to, up to, near, or nearly. Juxta, near to, or beside.

\
Adversus or adversum, opposite, Ob, against, or on accourU of.

Antg, before. [against. PSnSs, in the power of.
Apud, near, with. Per, through.
Circa or circum, around, about. P6ng, behind.
Circlter, about (in regard to time or Post, after.
number). Praetor, besides, excepting.
Cis or citra, on this side of. Propter, on account of, close by.
Contra, against. Secundum, next after, in accord-
£rga, towards. ance with.
Extra, without (opposite of within). Supra, above.
Infra, below, beneath. Trans, on the other side of, beyond.
Inter, between, among. Ultra, beyond.
Intra, within. Versus, towards (a place).
(2.) The ablative :—

A, ab, or abs, from. Prae, before, in consequence of.
AbsquS, without (wanting). Pro, before, instead of.
Coram, in the presence of. Pilam, with the knowledge of.
Cum, with. Sine, without (i.e., not with.)
De, dovmfrom, concerning. T8nus, v/p to, as far as.
E or ox, out of, of.
(3.) The accusative or ablative : the accusative, when motion to-

wards is signified; the ablative, when rest, or position in, is
uieant:—
102 FIRST LATIN IlKADBR.
With the AccuHtlve. With the Ablatlre.
In. into, against, in.

Sub, under, about, towarda. under,
Siiper, above, over. upon, eonceming.
Subter, under, beneath ; (generally with the accusative in either
t«m», rarely with the ablative.
III. INTERJECTIONS.
6. Interjections are words used to express some emotion of the
mind, such as joy, grief, astonislunent, contempt, &c. ; as, eheu,
alas! tugty bravo! ecce, lo! heiia, holla! Interjections are <Arotm
in between the parts of a sentence without influencing the syntax.
Some of them, however, when used in connection with a noun, prefer
a special case ; tlms, 0, heu, proh, take a vocative of address, but an
accusative of exclamation ; as, formose picer, beautiful boy
lieu me in/elicem, ah ! luckless me ! Jleits tu, holla, you there I
Vae, woe, prefers the dative (rarely the accusative) ; as, Vae mild,
woe's me Jlei mihi, ah mo
!
7. Other parts of speech are frequently used as interjections as, ;
pa.r, peace hush

! ! —
infandum, monstrous shame miserum, ! ! —
wretched! cito, quick l—Mehercule, by Hercules!
IV. CONJUNCTIONS.
8. Conjunctions serve to connect words, clauses, or sentences.
Some of them are (1) simple; as, et, ac, sed, aut, &c. : or (2) com'
pound; as, atque,itaqv^, quamvis, &c.
Those conjunctions which are employed to .connect clauses
9.
that are on an equality with one another— that is, either prvniary
(independent) clauses or secondary (dependent) clauses, which st^nd
in the same relation to the governing clause— are called co-ordinative;
as, ei, ac, -que (which last never stands alone, but is always attached
to a word), atque, sed, vel, aut, &c.and those which connect a :
secondary (dependent) clause to a primary or leading clause, are

called svJ>ordi7iative ; as, ut, si, quum, ne, quo, ubi, dum,* &c.
* Some of tlieae so-called conjunctions are, more strictly speaking, adverbs, but
to dvuid confusion the usual classification haa beun retained.
THE DECLENSIONS, WITH THE CASES
&c. IN
AN ALTERED ORDER.
FIRST DECLENSION.
HINOUX.AR.
Num Meni-&, a table. Mens-ae, tables.
Voc, Ment-i, table I Mens-ae, tables t
Ace. Mens-am, a tabic. [table. Men8-a«, tables.
Oett. Mena-ae, a tabk'a, or 0/ a Meua-&rum, tallies', or of tables.
hut. Menace, to or for a table. Mena-Ia, for tables.
to oc
All. Mens-a, from, with, in, or Hens-Is, from, with, in, or bjf
by a tablt. tables.
SECOND DECLENSION.
SiNOOLAR. Plural.
Nom. 8erv-as, masc, o slave. 8erv-I, slaves.
Voc. Serv-2, slave t 8erv-i, slaves I
A cc.8erv-um, a slave. 8erv-&8, slaves.
Gen. Ber-v-l, of a slave. 8erv-drum, of slaves.
Dat. Serv-o, to or for a slave. 8erv-lB, to or for slaves.
AM. Berv-b, from, <bc., a slave 8erv-lB, /row, d'c, slaves
If. V. it Ace. M&l-um, neut., an apple. Mal-&, apples,
Oen. Mal-i, of an apple, Mal-orum, of apples.
Dai. tfc AU, Mal-o, to an apple, Mal-is, to apples.
V THIRD DECLENSION.
SiNOUIiAB. Plural.
N. A Voc. H5nor,raasc,, honour. HonSr-es, honours.
Ace, Hon5r-em. Honor-es.
Gen, Honor-Is. Honor-am.
Dat, Fonor-I. Honor-Ibus.
Abl, Honor-S. Honor-IbuB.
N. d: Voc, Frater, m., a brother. Fratr-es, brothers.
Ace, Fratr-em. Fratr-es.
Oen. Fratr-is. Fratr-um.
Dat. Fratr-i. Fratr-ibns.
Abl. Fratr-e. Fratr-iboa.
u^-'f
104 FIRST LATIN RKAnKR.
SlNQOLAR. Plural.
y. V. liAcc. Animal, n. , on animal. Animal-ia, animala.
Oen. Anim&I-is. Auimal-ium.
Dat. ,t'Abl. Animal-i. Animal-ibus.
»V. «t Voc. Urb-s, f., a citi/. TJrb-es, citiet.
Ace. Urb-em. Urb-ea.
Oen. Urb is. Urb-Ium.
DiU. Urb-i. Urb-ibus.
AH. Urb-e. Urb-ibus.
iV. V. ft Ace. Aet-S, n,, n net. Ret-Ia, net$.
Oen. Ret-is. Ret-iunt.
Dat. dÂbl. Ret-i. Rot-ibns.
*V. «fc Voc. MIlos, m., a addier. Millt-es, soldiers
Ace. Millt-em. Milit-es.
Oen. Milit-is. Milit-uin.
Dat. MiliM. Milit-ibus.
Abl. MUit-e. Milit-ibuB.
FOURTH DECLENSION.
Singular. Plural.
N.A Voe. Fruct-iis, lu., /»•({{<. Fruct-iis, fruits
Ace. Fruct-um. Fruct-ua. I
Om. Fruct-fls. Fruct-iiuin.
J)at. Fruct-ui. Fruct-Ibus.
Al>f. Fruct-u. Fruct-ibus.
A' V. A Aec. 06n-u, n., a knee. Gen-ua, kncca.

Oep, Geu-fls. Gen-uam.
Dat. tt- Abl. Genu. Gen-ibus.
FIFTH DECLENSION.
SlNGULAn. Plural.
Dl-es, m. or f., a day. DK-es, ra,, days.
Ace. D*-em. Di-es.
Gen. Dl-ci Di-evum.
Dat. Di-ei. Di-ebus.
AU. Dl-e. Di-§bus.
i^. A Voc. R-es, f., a thing. R-es, things.

Ace. R-em. R-es.
Gtn. il-gi. R-erum.
Lai. E-ei. R-6bU3.
Ai4. R-9. A-ebus.
~ / ,
FIRST LATIN READKi:.
10/i
ADJECTIVES.
SiNOUIiAR.
Mamx Kom. N9Ut
B5n-us, good. Bdn-a. B5n-ttm.
\ Voc. Bon-e. Bon-a. Bon-um.
Aec. Bon-um. Bon-am. Bon urn.
Gen. Bon-i. Bon-ae. Bon-i.
Dot. Bon-o. Bon-ae. Bon-o.
AU. Bon-o. Bon-a. Bon-o.
'.'lural.
N. A Voc. ilon-i. Bon-ae. Bon-a
Ace. Bon-OS. Bon-as. Bon-a.
Oen. Bon-orum. Bon-arum. Bon-orum.
Dat. it- Abl. Bon-is. Bon-is. Bon-is.
Singular.
N. d: Voc. Or&v-is, Iicavy. Grav-is. Grav-e.
Ace. 6rav-em. 6rav-em. Grav-e.
Oen. Grav-is. Grav-is. Grav-is.
Dat. id All. Grav-i. Grav-i. Grav-i.
PtURAL.
y. V. A Ace. Or&v-es. Grav-€s. Grav-Ia.
Gen. Grav-ium. Grav-ium. Grav-ium.
Dat. .fc Abl. Grav-ibus. Grav-ibus. Grav-ibus.
Singular.
y. <fc Voc. Qrlvior, heaver. Gravior. Gravius.
Ace. Gravior-em. Gravior-em. Gravlus.
Oen. Gravior-is. Gravior-is. Gravior-is.
Dat. Gravior-i. Gravior-i. Gravior-i.
AU. Gravior-ew-i. Gravior-e or -i. Gravior-e or -I
Plural.
N. V. A Aec. Gravidr-es. 6ravior-os. Gravi5r-a.
Oen. Gravior-um. Gravior-um. Gravior-um.
Dat. d Abl. Gravior-ibus. Gravior-ibus. Gravior-ibus.
PERSONAL PRONOUNS.
Singular.
1 Pera 2 Pers. SPera.
^ôm,. tgo, /. Ta, thou.
Voc. .
T% thou.
[itself
Aec. Me, me. TS, thee. Se, himself, herself,
'Jen. M8i, of me.
TU, of thee. Bfii, of himj<e/f, d-c.
Vat. Mlhi, to or for me. TIbi, to ot for Vice. Sibi, to or for himaelf,
[or Mi iiie.
dc.
AU. Me, with, by, from. TS, with, d'c, tliee. SS, with himself, dx.
-
106 FIRST LATIN RBADEB.
Flurai i.
a
Norn. Nos, W(>• V58, ye or you.
Voc. Vos, ye or you.
Ace. N58, TM Vos, you. Se, themselves.
Gen. Nostri, or nostrum, Vestri, or veslrum, Sui, of th-emstlvcs.
of VIS. of you. [selves.
Dat. Nobis, to or for tLS. VSbis , to or for you. SIbi, to or for them-
AU. Ndbis, with, from, Vobis, mth, from, 8e, with, from, die,
dx., lis. die., you. themselves.
ADJECTIVE PRONOUNS.
Singular. Plural.
Masc. Fem. Neut. Masc Fem. Neat
Nom. Hie. Haec. Hoc, this. Hi. Hae. Haec.
Voc.
Ace. Hunc. Hanc. Hoc. Hos. Has. Haec.
Gen. Hujus Hujus. Hujus. Horum. Harum. Horum.
Dat. Huic. Huic. Huic. His. His. His.
Abl. H5c. Hac. Hoc. Hid. Hit. His.
Singular. Plural.
Maso. Fem. Neut Masc. Fem. Neut
iViwft. Is. E&. Id, this {here). li. Eae. Ea.
Voc.
Ace. Eum. Earn. Id. Eos. Eas. Ea.
Cen. Ejus. Ejus. Ejus. Eorum. Earum. Eorum.
Dat. Ei. Ei. Ei. lis or eis. lis, eis. lis, eis.
^&;. Eo. Ea. Eo. lis or eia. lis, eis. lit, eis
Singular Plural.
Masc. Fem. Neut Masc. Fem. Neut
Quae. Quae.
Ifom. Qui.
Toe.
Quae. Qu5d. Qui.
—
Ace. Quern. Quam. Quod. Quos. Quas. Quae.
Ccn. Cujus. Cujus. Cujus. Quorum. Quarum. Quorum
2)a«. Cui. Cui. Cui. Qulbus. Quibus. Quibus.
Quo. Qua. Quo. Quibus. Quibus. Quibut.
Jbl.
LISTS OF WORDS USED IN EACH EXERCISE.
hem'
dlCn
^POi/, ashe-wolt Verbs.

Substantives. Mensa, /., a tabla
Fit, (Sdting.,) (he, she, or
dncilla,/.,a mald-sei-vant Pluma, /., down, feather.
it) is.
Ancira, POeta, m., a poet
an anchor.
/., Sunt, (MpL,) (they) are.
Aqufla,/., an eaRle. Vacca,/, a cow.
Aula,/., a hall, court, palace. ^'la,/, away, path, road, Prepositions, with
C&sa,/., a hut, cottage. street
Ablative.
Lea, /, a goddess. Tn, In, among.
FUia, /., a daughter. Adjectives.
Cum, along with.
Funda, /., a sling.
.<lnj7!Mî«, o, «m, narrow.
Apert-ut, a, utn, open.
0€m,f., a cheek.
Jdnua,/., a door.
Biat-us, a, utn, blessed,
m
im. Lingua, happy. Substantives.
/., a tongue, lan-
Caec-us, a, urn, blind. Ager, agri,
guage. a field.
tn.,
Luna,/., the moon. Clar-us, a, utn, bright, Atnic-ut, a fliend.

tn.,
MuKO, /., a clear; famous. Arv-um, a, a field (plough

fly.
Ourv-us, a, utn, crooked,
Nauta, m., a sailor. ed).
bent, arched.
NympfM,/., a nymph, mai- Asin-ua, m., an ass.
Detis-us, a, urn, dense,
den. Coll-um, ti., a neck.
Pmna, /., a quilL thick, shaggy. Cycn-us, m , a swan.
Pera, Fm-us, a, utn, wearied, De-tts,m., a god.
/., a bag, wallet,
tired. Digit-US, m., a finger, a toe.
pocket
Flav-tu, a, utn, yellow, Ddn-utn, a, a gift
Paa/.,tL ball.
golden, auburn, fair. Equ-us, m., a horse.
Porta,/., agata
Forfn6s-ui, a, utn, beauti- FOli-utn,
tn.
PHella/., a girL n., a leaf; pi
ful (especially tn sfiape).
Pusma, /., a fight, battle. foliage.
is. Lat-us, a, utn, broad, wida
Rigina, a queen.
/.,
Oiner, m., a son-in-law.
is SUva, /., a wood, forest Long-US, a, um, long. Hort-us, m, a garden.
Umbra,/., a shade, slmdow. i/e-tM, a, um, my, mina Libir-i, -orutn, pi tn., chll.
Mult-US, a, utn, much, dren.
many. Magister, magistr-i,
II. tn., a
PalUd-iis, a, utn, pale, wan. master (who teaches.)
It
Substantives, Parv-us, a, utn, small, little. Mal-um, n., an apple.
AgrkSla, tn., a fanner, hus- Pulcher, pulchra, pulchrutn, Oc&l-tis, m., an eye
bandman. beautiful (especially In ddi-um, n., hatred.
Ala,/., awing.
/eaturet). 6v-um, fi., an egg.
Ara,/., an altar. lidtutid-us, a, um, round. Pom-um, n., fruit, (usually
Bdga, or/, a
am tn.
Cauda, /., a tail

Bel^'lan. Sanct-us, a, utn, holy, reve- in the pi.)
rend, venerable. Popul-us, a poplar-tree.
us. COma,/., hair.
/.,
Sedul-us, a, utn, diligent Fuer, m., a boy.
us. DOmina, /., a mistress; Splendid-US, a, um, magci-
I
R&tn-us, m., a branch.
owner. flcent, splendid. Serv-ua, tn,, a slave, B0^
Fomika, /., an ant 7u-ut, a, um, thy, your. vant
ioursa,/., s bay-tree; lau. J-aiiii-iii, 0, iijn, dU'uug, 8dcer, sooer-i, m., a fftthsf-
reL powerful in-law.
108 FIRST LATIN RRADER
TempUum, n., a temple. Far, m., a thiet Prepositions, wi
Vir, m., a man. Honor, m., honour, reward. Ablative.
rUiO-ui, m., a cal£ L&bor, m., labour. A, db, abs, tiom; away
M&ttr, /, a mother. from; by.
Adjectives. Mercdtor, m., merchant De, down from; about;
Acat-us, a, um, sharp. a woman.
AfUlier, /., concerning.
Alb-tu, a, um, white. Pastor, m., a shepherd. E, or ei', out of; fioui
Alt-US, a, um, high, tall; Pdter, m., a father. the midst ofl
deep. Sol, m., the sun. Sine, without
Ampl-iu, a, um, Bpacious, Sdror, /., a sister
Conjunction.
large. Timor, m., fear.
Aiper, a, um, rough. Vir, n., spring. Et, and.
Car-US, a, um, dear, much- Victor, m., victor; victori- V.

loved. ous.
Substantives.
Fid-US, a, um, faithful. Vomer, m., a ploughshare.
Arx, arc-is, /., a citadel;
Magn-us, a, um, great,
castle.
large; loud, (of sound.) Agn-us, m., a lamb (male).
Conjux, (,-gis,) m. or /., a
ifatOr-ut, a, um, ripe. Agn-a, /., a lamb (female).
consort ; husband ; wife.
Miser, a, um, wretched. Aratr-itm, n., a plough.
Dux, due-is, m. or /., a
VdiOs-us, a, um, hatefuL Camp-US, m., a plain.
general ; leader, guide.
Su-us, a, um, his own, her Coel-um, n., heaven; the
Orex, grig-is, m., a flock.
own, its own, their own. sky.
Qrus (or gruii), m. or /., a
Tiner, a, um, tender, deli- Corv-us, m., a crow, raven.
crane.
cate, weak. Qlori-a,/., glory; fame.
Hiems, /., winter.
LUp-us, m., a w if (male).
Prepositions, with Lex, leg-is,/., a law.
OppM-um, «., a town.
Mar-e, is, n., the sea.
Accusative. POpul-us, i, m., a people.
MonU-e, is, n., a necklaca
Ad, to, towards. Radi-us, i. m., a stafF,
Pax, pac-is, /., peace.
In, into ; towards, against rod; ray, Ac.
Pieb-s, is, /., the commor.
Inter, among. Signum, n., \
statue. people.
StStua,/., )
Radix, {-ids,) /., a root
IV. Adjectives. Ret-e, is, n., a net
Substantives. Rex, rSg-is, m., a king.
Aequ-us, a, um, level;
S&iU-e, is, n., a seat
Agger, m a mound, ram- smooth; impartial
Trab-s, is, /., a beam.
part Aetem-us, a, um, eternal,
Urb-s, is, /., a city.
Animal, n., a living crea- never-ending.
Vox, voc-is, /., a voice.
ture,animal BOn-us, a, um, good.
Anser, m. or /., a gander, Ceier, swift
is, e,
Aqu-a,f., water.
goose. MSi-us, a, um, bad, wicked;
BeU-um, n.,war.
Arator, m., a ploughman. naughty.
CSron-a, /.,a crown.
Arbor (or arbos), /., a tree. Roman-US, a, um, Roman.
Fira, /., a wild beast
Cadaver, n., a corpse, dead Saev-us, a, um, cruel, sav-
MUr-us, m., a wall
body. age.
Taur-us, m., a bull.
Caesar, Caes&r-is, m,, Cae- Tlmld-us, a, um, timid,
Und-a, /., a wave ; water.
sar. cowardly.
Calcar, eakSr-is, a spur. tu, Adjectives.
Career, eardr-is, m., a pris- Prepositions, with Atrox, savaRO, cruel, fierce.
on. Accusative. Audax, daring, foolhardy.
Consul, m., a consul. Ante, before; in front of. Fallax, deceitful, treacher-
Dolor, dolor-is, m., pain; Apud^ at; near; at the ous.
grief, sorrow. house of. Felix, happy ; forttmate.
Exul, m. or/., an exile. Circum, around. Firox, proud ; self-satis-
Frdter, fi-atr-is, m., a Inter, betwean; among. fled; flerce.
"Drotuer. Per, through i tnrougLcut Jmt hi, a, um, just, Impar-
PiUjîsr, n., lightning. Post, after. tlaL
iTRST LATIN EEADER.
109
Wl PUm-ui, a, urn, level; CaUld-iu, a, urn, cunning
Sapio, tn., Sclplo.
smooth. sly.
away Put-ut, a, urn, pure; clear.
Sermo, tn., speech, coii.
;
Dibil-is, is, e, weah versatioa
ROr-ut, a, urn, thin; wide- Dulc-is,is, e, sweet pleasant
abont meshed. Fort-is, is, e, brave, valiant Alexander, Akxandri, to,
StuU-vi, a, WOT, foolish; OrOdU-is, is, e, thin, alen- Alexander.
f; from silly.
der; graceful
C(J/ttTO»-a,a€,/, a pillar.
Velox, rapid, swift
Oratus, a, urn, agreeable; DUmin-ut, i, to., a master,
Yir-ut, o, urn, true.
pleasing.
(owner.)
m. OrSv-U, is, e,heavy. Fust-U, is, tn., (abL usually
I VI. Liv-is, is, e, lluht in i,) a club, cudgel
Liv-is, is, t, smooth; pol-
Substantiyes. Oleb-a, ae,/., aclod; the
soil
ished. Natur-a, ac,/, nature.
es. Amn-is, m., a river. Nfger, nigr-a, nigr-utn, Neptun-m,
Ap-it (or ape»),f., a bee. i, tn., Neptune.
citadel black. Niib-es,is,/.,
Aur-i$, /, an ear. a cloud.
Omn-is, «, every, all
e,
^-», «,/, a sheep.
or/, a
Av-is,/., a bird.
Pan, Pan-is, to., Pan, pod
Cdn-it, m. or/., a dog.
id ; wife, Verba. of shepherds.
or a
Civ-it, m. or/, a citizen. AmbaUare, tc walk about;
/., PdcuUutn, «, a, a cup,
CoU-it, TO., a hilL
.guide. take a walk. bowl
Crin-is, tn., hair.
i flock. Ar-art, to plongli. Praed-a,
Etu-is, ae, /, booty,
. or/., a sword.
tn.,
Coen-are, to sup, to dine.
Fei-es, /, a cat
plunder.
Festin-are, to hastea
S6ci-iu, t, m., a partner.
Fin-it, m. or /:, an end in
: Nat-are, to swim.
pL, territory. Pugn-are, to fight
r.
A(^*ective8.
ea.
Host-is, TO. or/, an enemy. Salt-are, to leap; dance;
Foed-us, a, wm, foul, dis-
jcklace.
/Hvin-is, TO., a young man, bound.
graceful
ice.
youth. Vdl-dre, to fly.
Meru-is,
Maritlm-us, a, utn, belong-
commor. tn,, a month.
ing to the sea; mari.
Aar-tt,/, aship.
time, marine.
root
P&n-is, tn., bread. VIL
NOv-tu, a, utn, recent;
/'mc-m, a flsh.
to., Snbstantiyes.
RUp-es,/., a rock.
fi'esh; new.
ting. Ck&o, tn., Cicero, the ora- Ricens,
Secur-is,/., an axe, hatchet (gen. reeetU-is,)
It tor.
fresh; new.
[It takes -im in occjm.,
im. ConOkio, (or conditio,) /., a Turgid-us, a, tm, swollen
and -I in abl.]
condition; state. stormy.
Vat-es, is, to., a prophet
oice. Cor, cord-is, the heart
».,
seer.
Mno, /., Juno, queen of Verbs.
Vulp-es,/., a. fox. the gods.
Aed\fk-Sre, to build.
Lac, latt-is, n., milk.
Aper, apri, m., a wild boar. Am-are, to love.
'P. Latro, tn., a robber.
Cert-nre, to strive.
Aur-utn, i, n., gold. Ligio, /., a legion.
ast Cur-dre, to care for ; tend.
C&peU-a, ae, /., a she-goat Leo, tn., a lion.
C'dper, capri, in.,
Bdl-are, to belabour.
a he-goat Ligo, TO., a hoe mattock
Cdlumb-a,
;
Fug-are, to put to flight;
water. ae, /., a dove. spade.
/<aK-a,ae,/, Italy, rout
M&cido, Macid6n-U, tn., a
s. Mal-us, Laud-are, to prais&
i, /., an apple-tree Macedonian. A'ic-dre, to slay ; put to a
el, fierce, mast of a ship, masc Oratio, /., speech, (i e., violent death.
jlhardy. Patri-a, at,/., native coun-
power of speech;) .i\ .Vac-are, to appease; calm.
reacher- try,
oration.
Vers-are, to turn up;
T<a>em-a, ae, f., a shop. Pavo,
till
TO., a peacock.
nnate. Tontor, tonsoris,
Erat (3rf sing.), he (she or
m., & Poema, poemat-is, n., a
elf-satis- barber.
it)was.
poem. .Sraw/ (3d;j/.), they were.
Pntedo, TO.. A Dlrmdersr.
L, Impar* Adjectives. robber, tineC Conjtinotion.
Briv-ii, is, e, short RdUio, /., reason. Atque, and
110 FIRST LATIN READEE.
VIII. Turr-it, it, /., a tower; Jfttmen, numfn-tf, n., a

castle; palace. deity.
Snbblautives.
Ungu-it, is, m., & nail; Pecten, peetln-is, m., a comh
Addlescetu, adole»cent-ii, m.
claw, talon.
or /., a young man or
Cerv-us, i, m., a stag.
woman.
Adjectives. Dens, dent- is, m., a tootb.
Aetas, aetdC-is, an age.
/.,
Aure-u$, a, urn, golden; Flli-us, i, m., a son.
Bos, bdv-ii, m. or /., an ox
made of gold. Vulcan-US, i, m., Vulcan.
or cow.
a state Consci-us, a, um, conscious
Civttas, civit/U-ii, /., Adjectives.
,
or city. (oO.
CAplditas, cupiditdt-U, /.,

Fatur-us, a, um, future; AntHtju-m, a, um, ancient
Binirn-us, a, um, kind;
!
about to be.
desire, passion.
IlUm&n-us, a, um, human kind-hearted.
Custos, cuslod-is, m. or /,
belonging to man. Ebume-us, a, um, made of
a guardian ; keeper.
Inyens, ingent-is, great, ivory.
Dos, dot-is,/., a dowry.
huge, immense. mad-US, a, um, bright;
Fons,font-is, m., a fountain.
um, ignorant of.
Nisci-us, a, polished; clear.
From, front-is, /., the fore-
Patai-us, a, um, wide- Sdpiens, sapient-is, wise.
head. green.
spreading. Virid-is, is, e,
Frms, /fond-is, /., a leaf;
Pauper, (gen. pauper-is,)
foliage. Verbs.
u poor.
Olans, gland-is,/., an acorn.
Tlnu-is, is, e, fine ; small D-dre, to give.
^^nw, homin-is, m, or /., Foed-dre, to defile.
narrow.
mankind a man.
;
Monstr-dre, to sboyr; point
Idpis, lapid-is, m., a stone.
Verbs. out.
laus, laud-is, /., praise.
Cdv-are, to hollow (out). Mut-dre, to change.
Ubertas, Ubert&t-is, /., lib-
Z)?tec<-are, to delight; give Pit-are, to think, consider.
erty.
pleasure to. X.
Mtru, mmt-is,f., the mind.
L&v-dre, to bathe ; wash. Substantives.
iions, mont-is, m., a moun-
LlbSr-are, to free from ; set
tain. CrUs, crur-is, n., the leg.
free.
Ifors, tnort-is,f., death. Flos, flor-is, m., a flower.
M\nislr-dre, to supply;
Nôs, nep6t-is, m., a grand- Jus, Jur-is, n., law; right*,
serva
son. equity.
Puis- are, to knock at
Pdrens, parent-is, m. or /., Mas, mdr-is, m., a male;
strike.
a parent mate.
PhfldsSphia, ae, wisdom. Mos, mar-is, m., custom;
/.,
Preposition, with
Pietas, pietat-is, /., natural Accusative. habit
aflfection; dutifulness. Mas, mOr-is, m. or /., &
Erga, towardf.
PSs, pSd-is, m., a foot. mouse.
Pons, pont-is, m., a bridge. dt, or-is, n.. the face, coun-
SSlUs, saiat-is, /., safety. IX. tenance.
Sors, sort-is, /., lot; fate. Eits, rur-is, n., the country.
Substantives.
VirtOs, virtat-is, /, merit Tellus, tellUr-is,/., theeartli.
Cdput, capU-is, n., a head
virtue, bravery.
source.
Vifluptas, voluptat-is, f.,^
Ardne-a, ae,f., a spider; a
Carmen, carminîs, n., a
pleasure. spider's web.
poem; song.
Oscill-um, i, n., a lip; kiss.
Av-us, i, m., a grandfatl^r. Ebur, ebOr-ia, n., ivory. Rtp-a, ae, /., a bank.
a drop. Flumen, flumln-is, n., a
Outt-a, ae, /., Scyth-a, ae, m., a Scytuiaa
japtter, JSv-is, m., Jupiter. river.
Passer, passSr-is, m., a Fulmen, fulmin-is, n., a

i! '
XI.
sparrow. thunderbolt
Substantives.
Bect-um, i, n., right; up- Ordmen, gramin-is, n.,
'\ grass. Cdpill-us, i, m.,a. hair.
\ rightness.
no/iiiii-u, a ConsUciiidO, C'mSiictSd'li-iSj
Stts, nt-u, m. or r;, a pig, A'o-iiKOi, ».,
Door. name. /., custom; habit

FTRST LATIN RRADKR.
Ill
CSpl-M, arum, /., (mili- Adjectives.
tary) forces.
Tat-us, a, um, safb.
Candld-us, a, um, white. Vnn-us, a, um, vain, empty
Corpus, eorpOr-u, n., n C&n-UM, a, um, srrey, hoary:
body. Verbs.
Dicus, dtedr-ii, a,
c<»»«i êy hairs;.
beaaty Om-dre, to adorn, beautlf/
Cert-iit, a, um, sure, cer-
ornament Par-&re, to prepare.
tain.
Equfy, equUis, m., a horse-
Diven-iu, a, um, different,
man; knight XIII.
diverse.
F?-igut, frigOr-ii, n., cold.
yoster, twtlr-a,
Substantives
OSnus, nostr-um,
gerUfr-itf n., kind, Aci-es, ei, /., an army ;
our. Jlne
rac& of battle.
Hordid-us, a, um, soiled,
Ilelthi-i, orum, m., the Caes&ri-es,
dirty; defiled. ei, /, a head of
Helvetians. hair.
JI6mo, homln-it, m. or/., a XII. Di-es, ei, m. or/, a day;
man or woman; man- Subsiantives. period: (In pi. masc.)
kind. Faci-'z,
Ae-u>, us, /., a needle. ei, /., an appear-
Imago, inUlgin-u, /, an ance; faoe.
Advent-\u, U3,m.,an airlval.
image; likeness. F^d-es,
Arc-US, us, ffj., a bow. ei, /., faith; a pro-
Ir-a, ae,/., anger, wratli. mise.
Cant-US, us, m., a song;
Iter, mnlr-is, n., a way, Oiaci-es,ei,/., Ice.
singing.
route; journey. LuxHri-es, ei,/., luxury.
Conipect-us, us, m.. sight,
Judex, judlc-ii, m., a judga MatSri-es,
view. ei, /., material;
L&tut, kuer-iSy n., a aide, source.
Com-u, us, n., a horn.
flank. AfSridi-es, ei, «.,
Curr^\ts, us, »»., a cairiage, mid-day.
iTiUs, mittt-is, m., a soldier. Res, ret,/.,
chariot a. thing, matter,
Munui, muner-is, a, a gift. affair,
Dihn-us, us, /., a house; Ac.
Nimut, nevfidr-ii, «., a Spes,
home. ei,/., hopai
grove.
Equitat-us, us, m., cavalry.
Nix, niv-i3,/., snow. Caed-ts, is,/, slaughter.
ExercU-us, us, m., an army.
Obsgs, obsid-is, m. OT /., a Fluct-us, us, Formn-a, ae,/., fortune.
}»»., a wave,
hostage. Gall-US, i, m., a GauL
billow.
dpus, opSr-is, «., a work. JustUi-a, oe,/, justice.
Fruct-us, us, m., fruit
dti-um, i, n., ease, rest; M&Uum,
Ordd-us, us, m., a step. i, n., an evil;
idleness. wickedness.
Ldc-us, us, m., a lake.
Pamois-us, i, m.. Mount Occas-us, us, m., setting
Migistr&t-us, us, m., a ma- (of
Parnassus. the sun).
gistrate.
Phaethon, PhaethotU-is, m., PecHni-a, ae,/, money.
Jf&nus, us, /., a hand ; a
Phaethon. ric<ori-a,ae,/, victory.
band (ie., a handful) of
Pignvj, pignflr-is, n., a men.
pledge; token. Adjectives.
Mr-us, us, /., a daughter-
PuJvis, ptUvgr-is, m., dust Dat~us, a, um, given.
In-law.
Scilus, scelSr-u, n., wicked- Decor-US, a, um, becoming;
Persa, ae, m., a Persian.
ness ; a heinous crime. beautiful.
Port-US, us, m., a hafbour.
SSnex, sgn-is, (see p. 34,) PostSr-ut, a, am, the
Querc-us, us, /., an oak- fol-
fn. or /„ an old man or tree.
lowing; neitx pi. pot.
woman. tSri, posterity, [savage.
Socr-us, us,/., a mother-in
Bd-UB, siiUr-is, n., a con- Torvus, a, um, fierce,
law.
flteUation; a star. Van-US, a, um, vaia
Vult-us, its, m., the coun
Bomn'us, i, m., sleep.
iteuance, face. Verbs.
Tcmpus, iempdr-it, n., time.
Serv-are, to keep, preserver
Vec-lex, vertic-is, n., asam- Lil-us, oris, n.,
the shore. Vidl-are, to violate; break.
mit, top.
rerr-a,a«,/, the earth.
VU, (sfle p. 84), f^ force, Prepositions, with
pover. Adjedtives. Accusative,
VuirtUi, vuinir-ia, n,, a Bamas-us, a, «m,branching; CinAter, about (neartyX
WOOQd. abounding to branches, Conira, against; OH)08lteto
lirnj: '
"lit
XTV. Neuter, neutrci, neutrum, Major, mqfor, mqfvs,

neither (of two). greater.
Snbttantives
Pdr, (gen. pdm,) equal. miUdris, is, e, military.
Castr-a, orum, n. pi, a Minor, minor, minus, less.
T6l-ut, a, wn, the whole,
camp. all (of time,) livelong. Niquam, (indecl.,) less;
;
C6pi-a, at, /., plenty : In good-for-nothhig,woi-th»
pi., forces. Verts. less; nauphty.
Ft«-«m, I, n., wine. InvOc-dre, to invoke; pray Odor, isior, dcius, swifter.
Adjectives. to. Praestans, praestantis, ex-

OUin-ere, to get , seize ; re- cellent
BUxnd-ui, a, um, kind,
tain. Sdgax, (gen. tagdc-is,) sa-
afjrecable.
Stdre, to stand. gacious; wise.
Acer, acris, acre, keen ; ac-
TOu-dre, to thunder Slmtl-is, is, e, like.
tive.
Torqu-lre, to twist, hurl Su7nm-us, a, um, the high-
Firms, JerentU, carrying;
est
bearinfr. Adverb VU-is, is, e, cheap ; wortb-
Fer-us,a, um, fierce, savage.
NdiH, not less.
FUiel-ii, is, e, faithful
Verts.
Verts. XVL
Oppugn-dre, to besiege, at-
Pee-ere, to teach, instruct Substantives.
tack.
Jliib-ere, to have. Argeni-um, t, n., silver.
Port-dre, to carry.
Jmpl-Srt, to fill. Comeii-a, ae,/., Cornelia.
iMcir-dre, to tear; ftirrow. Cur-a, ae,/., care, anxiety. Prepositions, with
UOn-irt, to wa-n ; advise. Jmp&dtor, is, m., a gene- Accusative.
MSv-ire, to move ; shift. ral; commander. /ttxâ, beside; nearta
R6g-&rt, to ask ; beg. Nemo, nemin-it, m., no one. Prdpe, near ta
nm-ert, to fear ; diead. Nihil, (indeclinable), «., no- secundum, along by; ueai
VU-irt, to see. thing, (used in nom. and to.
* aummon.
TOc-Sre, to call, accus.) Adverb.
Nox, noctis, /., night
Advert. Quam, than.
dnus, oner-is, n., a load,
Cur, (interrog.,) why? Prope, near.
bnrdeii.
XV. Pldnit-a, ae, m., a pla: ^t
XVII.
Substantives. Rom-a, ae,/., Rome.
R6mia-us, Romulus.
t, m., Substantives.
Ann-US, i, m., a. year.
Siqudn-i, orum, m, pL, the Caus-a, ae, /., a cause;
UwUiâe,arum,f.pl., riches.
Sequanl reason.
Hast-a, ae,/., a spear.
Tullus Hostilius, m., TuUus Coen-a, ae,/., dinner; sup-
Juûrand-umJurUfurandi,
Hostilius. per,
n., an oath.
Vent-us, t, m., the wind. C^dp-a, ae,/., a fault
iforb-us, t, m., a disease.
Liber, libr-i, m., a book.
Pabm-um, i, n., fodder.
Adjectives. m.,
Sanguis, sanguin-is,
Prindp&t-us, us, m., sove-
i4e5'«a^w,«,e,equal; coeval blood.
reignty.
CeUber, Celebris, celebre,
BfJ!P«6ac-a, reipublisae, /., Adjectives.
much-frequented; cele-
a, republic um, bitter; sour.
brated. Add-us, a,
Sdeerdos, sacerdOt-is, m., a
DiffMl-is, is, e, difficult Avdr-us, a, um, covetous;
priest.
Doct-us, a, um, learned. greedy.
Sipulchr-um. t, n., a tomb. Industri-us, a, um, dill-
Egens, ^gent-is, needy, poor.
Stabul-um, i, n., a stall.
elo- gent; industrious.
Eldquens, eloquent-is,
Adjectives. quent Iners, (gen. inert-is,) de-
Alter, a, um, one (of two). 3xtrim-us, a, um, last; void of energy , idle.
ZHspar, (gen. dispdr-is,) most remote. Laet-us, a, um, joyful
unequal FScU-is, is, e, easy Trist-is, is, e, sad, sorrowful
invei, ((fcn. drSzizi,) i'icu. Hvfitzi-us, «, Uih, Honour-
IiUmC'Ui, a, um, hostUa to. able; honest Util-is, is, e, uMluL
'
"R8T LATIN READER.

lis
VkantrAtut, a, vm, wound I Jfaviff.dre, to salt
ed limut, ^ m., mud,
OccHp-an, to take slime.
Verb. posses- Lprnpfi-a,
sion o£ ae, /, cleai
Sum, I am. Hecut-are, to refusa
water.
I Mandat-um, i, ».,-. com-
Fr<«JÂ--<ir«. to blame;
Cozgonotion. find mand; commission.
fault with
Sed, but Afercun-us, i, to.. Mercury
^fft-us, lb,, TO.,
Adverbs fear.
XVIII. ôtut, us, TO., a move.
FSctte, easily.
Dient
Sabstantives. ^f< not,
(used wiih im- iffi/a, a«,/,a8he.mul«,
Astr-um, i n., a star. peratives, and subjunc-
êx, nic-u,/., death.
Duetpiil-tu, i,m., tives when employed
a. pnpil as OpA--a, ae,/., work,
scholar. Imperatives.) serrlce
FOr.um, Ûper, ôr*,par<.«,/,apart
i, n., a forum, or lately.
Peccat-um, n., a sin:
market-place. Quit, how many ? <;
fault
FrUmtnt-um, i, com.
n., Qudtidie, dally.
Per/Og.a, ae, to., a
IiarrJr.us, i, m., the upper Saept, oftea deserter.
Pericul-um, i, n., danger.
arm ; the shoulder,
FMipp-i, orum, m.,
/(/n-it, is, TO., Are, Conjunctions. Phi".
Jppl.
Insidt^, arum, /., Quo, that in order that
snares; ;
Foen.a,ae,/.,
treachery an ambush. j
Si, if.
punishment
Praeh-um, i, n., a battla
/«*«-a,a«,/, anlsland.
Jian-a, ae,
lacrim-a, ae, /., a tear, Prepoiition, with Ac- /, a frog.
Rostr-um, a beak.
I^vt, kpOr-it, TO., a hare cusative or Ablative. i, «.,
i/efla«-n.a,o«,/, Super, abova

^cus, i,m.,A bag, sack.
medicine:
a drug, S*mt~us,i,m.,ortmi.a,at
Nereis, XIX. /. an ape.
merad-i», /, pay,
SimiOacr-um,
wages; reward. Substantives. i, «., an
'mage likeness.
A^ttn«-ttf,;TO.,ames8enger. AuH-us, i, TO., an ass.
;
Sdcrat-es, *
Sccd^ ae, /, a ladder; Avimcul-us, i, TO., an uncle.
is, to.,
Socrates.
-»*»-««, ^ TO., a sound;
generally used In the -«M<i-a, a«,
/, a beast nois&
pl., tcalae. Britann-i, orum, to.,
the Spiaa-um,
THiuit-at, atis,/., Britons. i, n., a mirror.
slender- StibiU-um,
ness. COs-w, us, TO., a misfor- i, «., a stall;
stable.
tune; calamity.
Pronouns. TigilUum, i, „., » log of
Ccusi-ui, TO.,
^m, (i.&, cum
*«,) with Oib-us, i,
i,
TO., food.
Casslns.
wood.
himself herself, Comfs, comit-it, m.
rîa, ae, /., pardon,
itself, or /,
or themselves. leave.
a companion, associate.
Vobiscum, with you. Verb-um, i n., a word.
OuH-a, ae,/., senate-house.
f^«a<or, viotor-u,
DivUiac-us,i, to., a tra-
to., Divitiacus.
Adjectives, veller.
^r-wj, a, urn, hard. Ferr-um, t, n.. Iron; the
sword.
^Â-w, a, um, middle. Adjectives,
Figur-a, ae,
^«n»-t«, a, um, figure;! Acerb-us, a,
f.,
excessive; um, bitter.
too much. shape. I
Csh-us, a, um, high. I
Omdi-ut, i, m., a sword,

A'firf-t« a, m, naked; ChOcHl-us,
Ce(^-i,ae, a, pl, the
rctt
lightly clad. i, to., a jack-
Cuncl-i, ae, a, pl, all
daw.
Ducent.i,ae,a, two hundred
Hibem-a, orum,
Verbs. n. pi.^ Iryust-us, a, um, unjust
Eqiat-are, to ride. winter quarters.
/n«<t/-M, M, e, uselesa
Impitr^re, to obtain; Jlorde-um, i, n., barley.
l-avid-us, a, um,
re- Horre-um, i, n., a barn. fearful-
ceive. timid.
IncdUa, ae, m. or/,
Jndk-are, to declare. an In- Pius,pMris, more.
habitant. (See
- - - — «, .^ ^jj^j.^^ p. o(.;
^-dr<, to swim. Zâ<-tM,t, TO., a lieutenant-
I /'•-i«.t«, a, um, wicked.
I
generaL
(122) «-«», a, um, first
8
.
114 FIRST LATIN RKADER.
Qf4Al-U, i$, e, of what kind. Fnutrm, In rain ; UMleMly. fmpft-iu, tw, m., an attack
Qulilam, quaedam, quod- Furtim, secretly .f/tn-us, i, m., Janus.
dam, a certain one. Nonnt, (inttrrog., expect- Labien-tu. i, m., Lat)lonu\
Qttingenti, at, a, five hun- ing the answer, " Yej,") Afultituilo, miiUituUln-ii, /,
dred. Is It not ? a inultituda
Spdtial-u*, a, urn, plun- Pridie, the day befora Mundus, i, m., the world.
dered; despoiled. Propiut, nearer. Num-a, re, in., Numa.

fluperb-ui, a, vm, proud; Kecte, rightly. Octavi-a, ae, /., Octavia.
ImuKhty. Hie, thus. Octatian-ui, i, m., Octavl-
SupAHor, tuperior-is, InxU- anu&

Preposition, witb Ovll-e, it, n., a sheep-fold.
er, (eompar.)
Accusative. Praetori-um, i, n., the gen-
8upA'-vi, a, Mwi, hlffh.
Unk-us, a, urn, only, solo. Apud,at; near; among. eral's tent
um, empty. Pritieept, princfp-is, m., ft
Vaeu-ut, a,
CoDJanctions. chief man. [dence.
Verbi. Quia, becausa Prdvidmti-a, ae, f., pravl-
AdOr^Hr«, to worship. Qiium, when, since, be- RMnm, i, tn., the Rhine. .
Atpecl-Urt, to look at ; rn- cause. Riv-us, a river.

I, ,n.,
gard.
Ut, that Salt-US, IIS, m., a forest.
ConvOe-Sre, to summop. XX. Societas, sdcietdt-is,/., an al-
hold In; Uxor, IS,/., a wife. [Uance.

Contin-lre, to Same as before.
bound. VagU-us, us, m., the cry of
infants.
Evdc-are, to call forth. XXL
Foe-ire, do;
to make. ririlas, veriiat-is,/., truth.
Same as before. '
(Foe ut; Bee that) Adjectives.
F;-?r«, to weep lament
5
XXIL Divin-iu, a, um, divina
Fugit-Urt, to flee away.
Substantives. Not -us, a, um, well known
Otr-ire, to carry on.
Sfcund-us, a, um, second;
Ilahit-are, to dwell In. Acdpiter, aecipitrxi, m., a
favourable.
JmmitC'ire, to mix with; hawk.
pi, the
Turbuknt-û»,a, wn, muddy
associate. Atdu-i, orum, in.
Vast-US, a, um, huge, vatit
Interrog-dre, to ask about Aedui.
Jac'tre, to He. Amor, M, m., lovo.
Verbs.
Jub-lre, to order. Antoni-'M, i, rrt., Antony.
Ag-Sre, to do ; to treat of.
Miie-frt, to mix. AuxUi-um, I, n., help.
Rlb-Sre, to drink.
J\rd;T>»rt-are, to nama Ariovitt-us, i, m., Ario-
Cap-ire, to take.
Par-Ire, to obey, {govtrns vlstus.
m., a bar- Claud-fre, to shut
dative.) BarMr-tu, i,
Cog&e, to collect
/'ermtfc-i're, to excite alarm. barian.
an arm. Conflig-fre, to engage (ta
Iie»pond-lre, to answer. BrSehi-um, i, n.,
I battle).
R^SC'&re, to call back. Ciiro, earn ii, /., flesh.
Conven-ire, (4th Conj.,) to
Rid-^rt, to laugh ; laugh at. Catilin-a, ae, m., Catillno.
m., a sliout.
come together; to suit
Savci-dre, to wound. Clamor, is,
Curr-ire, to run.
Sfd-fre, to sit EpiitOl-a, ae, /., a letter,
Dlpric-oi; atus, art (fiVam),
7V»-?re, to hold. epistla
t- I
an outlet to beg (the life of).
7(frr-?re,to fiighten.terri fy. E.Tit-us u», m.,
Dic-fre, to say ; speak.
Tvn-&e, to lift up, raise; Flet-us, us, m., weeping;
Ditbit-are, to doubt
take away. lamentation.
lend; command;
Titm-lre, to swelL Oermdn-i, orum, m., the Duc-ê, to
</. uxorem, to marry.
Turft-fire, to confuse. Germans.
pi Sii-lre, to give forth; utter
Vit-Hre, to avoid, Orati-ae, arum, f.
E(hic-(re, to lead forth.
rii/ner-flre, to wound. thanks; gratitude.
Fae-Sre, to do ; make.
Graiia* habere, to feel gra-
Fug-ire, to flee.
Adverbs. titude.
a water- Gratul-ari, to congratulate
Stidf.ut^ i, 771.,
U: J/ttl-A-e^ to send.
Viu for a long time. serpent i
PrUflT LATIN IIRADKR.
116
Kab-frr, to marry, (gnverrn
^Vn "m, <, a piece of
n.,
dative.) Ohfil-lre, to be
wodil obedient;
; timber.
I'and-irt, to rtretch out, obey.
/Md-ut, i, ,n., play. ,
extend. ParturWe, to bring forth.
school
Pit-trt, to beg; aik; aue -SwiMr*, tofeel; think.
A'Mnii-w, m., a
for.
<, messen Serv-tre, to serve;
ger. be a
Pr*if(c-frt, to proitrat*. slave to.
Tab.a,ae,/., a trumpet
Po»tui-6rt, to (leiimnd. Ven-ire, to comei
Turba, of.^
^_ ^ ^^
^P-A-e, to carry off; selie.
rabbia
fii'g-fre, to rule,
Kovern. Adverbs.
Jielinqu-er$, to leave;
ânn-w, i, m., a tyrant An,
ubii (iplfrtoff.,) whtther or
don. no?
Adjectives,
RepeU-trt, to repel, drive Crat, to-morrow.
^'•-w, a, ud, one
buck. IIAi, yester'lay
many); another.
ficrib~ere, to
writa yf, Oolned to word^ as
/'»«-«, iu, a, two
Spectare, to examine, at a time,
look amat-ne, do you love
(See p, 39.) ?)
at whether or no?
-0" 0, ae, 0, twa
Statute, to determine. (See ^
p
39.)
JWfrM-*-*, togive;
assign, Preposition, with
Fulmint-m, a, urn, thun-
Vdl-ire, to be strong
to be Accusative.
;
dering.
healthy. Supra, above.
^t/em, tdwteOT, frf«m,
r<S»-{re, tocome. the
same. I
Vinc-ert, to conquer.
ImprOb-ut,
Vw-irt, to live.
o, urn, wicked. XXV.
i^*rt/,i.w, a, uw, superl.
of m<vn««, the
Substantives.
Adverbs. greatest; Alp.es, turn, m., the
Sb, twice. very great; Alps.
very serl- Angusti-ae, arum,/., straita
Citfriier, quickly. ous.
Prdgor, is, m., a crash.
Plui, more, Munit-uM, a, urn,
foitifled -fHv-um,
Qttondaw, once (on a (Pert part of munire.)
i, n., a yoke.
time). Juss-vs, us, m., an
TVin/um, only. Pavpl-tu, o, ttm, order.
fearful; Zt«n/rt-a, a*,/, luxury,
in terror.
Preposition, with Oppidan-i, orum, m.,
Per/id-US, a, urn, peo.
trencher- pie of a town,
Accusative. ous, traitorous.
Trat)s, Praecept-urtt, n., a com-
beyond. Piapid-ui, a, ttm, swift, i,
fleet mand.
^^-U3, a, um, late:
sera
XXIII, nocte, late at night
Same f^n-us, a, urn, one.
Adjectives.
as before,
Mi, (voc of fB«-iM,
Vari-ut, a, urn, various. a, vm,)
my,
XXIV.
Verbs. PesHm-m, a, urn, the worst
Substantives. (See p. 37,)
Aper-ire, to open,
Aeitas, aettat-is, PuU-m,
/, sum- Aud-ire, to hear. a, vm, beaten.
men (Perf part, of pello)
Cant-are, to sing.
Antr-utn
""*' i n ^ PueriUis, «,e, boyish;
»i «•, a cave, Cond-h-e, to found. be.
grotto. longing to boys.
Dorm-ire, to sleep.
^''''"•' «««^-M, »*., heat /Vr-ire, to strike,
/'in-fre, to finish.
Verbs.
castle. ErM-ire, toeducate; teach,
ContM-a, Fund-ire, topour forth;
ae, /, an in- instruct
gj^'e forth abundantly
sult Prang-ire, to break.
Inquin:are, to defile;
ô'^nth.v3,i,/., be- Moll-ire, to soften.
Corinth. mire.
™-'". w- «. Cras.su9. Pell-ire, to drive awny
Insil-ire, to
Cmm-um, i, „., a bed-
leap up on.
banish.
Linqu-ire, to leave,
chamber. Perven-tre,
Dionmi-tit ~ ^nc-Sre, to dart: to como to
•• t\< - «hins
^""'-w, «,/. the ground. hnghUyon; flash.
Prohib-Sre, to prevent.
Mun-ire, to forUfy.
Pun-ire, to punlah.
./-
116 FIRST LATIN RKADER.
R4MHnd-frt, to tear down. ProJkUe-i, to set out, start., Cofn»i«<*i«, to engage {eg
Bipii-Wt, to bury. depart In battle.).
Tramthte-irt, to lead acroH; R^/k-irt, to reflt. DtUr-ifn, to desert abaUf
transfer. Stqthi, to fl)llow. don.
Vmt-yrt, to clothe. Smd-lrt, to advise. A)lffet-*r«, todlvldtt
7V2<-<lri, to defbnd protect. ;
Rfi-ire, to eat
Adverbi. Uti, to us& Imptr-Urt, to order, com-
IXttgmter, dlllKentljr. mand.
Ji^tutt, unjustly.
Adverbs. Afaledlc-fre, to speak 111 of,
Jam, now, already. JTo, tothls; thither; there- Ohiter-ikre, to beseech.

Maxime, especially, most fore. Pertuad-ire, to persuade.
of all Libenter, willingly. Praeb Irt, to afford; sup.
MfrUo, deserrodly. Supra, (prtp. or wlv.,) ply.
above. Praecld-fre, to excel; sur-
Preposition Tanquam, (adv. or cwy.,) pa.u.
Sub, under. as If ; as it were. /*»-a«<<p-*r«, to order, en-
join.
Conjunction.
XX VL Vtl, either : »«/—««/, either
Qi/A'-<, to complain.
Revert-i, (also r«ft«T<-*y,)
Substantives. —or. to return.
Att, atr-it, n., brass.
Sueeurr-ire, to succonr,
A»im-m, t, m., the mind. XXVII. help.
Catud, (abL,) for tho sake,
Substantives. Vag-ari, to wandei ; roam
or purpose, oC
AtMn-ae, arum,/., Athens. about
Commi-ui, i, m., Com-
Chabri-ai, ae, m,, Chabrlas.
nilus.
Dumnorix, Dumnorigis, m., Adverb.
Exempl-um, i, n., an ex-
Dumnorlx. Nunquam, never.
ample; specimen.
Oraec-u$, i, m., a Greek.
OaUi-a, ae, /., Gaul. Preposition, witb
A/el, mell-it, n., honey.
HospW-um, iy n., hospi- Accusative.
OrgftOrix, Orgetorig-ii, m.,
tality.
Orgetorix. Advtr$u$, against
MAtfri-a, <w, /., material;
Paia*, palUd-ii, /., a lake.
source. Conjunctions.
Perii-a, ae, /., Persia.
i Pudor, it, m., shame ; mo-
Pratfect-ut, an over- i, m., NUi, unless.
I desty.
seer; governor; com- Quod, because.
Adjectives. mander. Uti, that ; in order that
ffie, haee, hoc, this.

Quaettor, is, m., a quaestor.
I'aue-i, ae, a, (pi), a few. RaurSe-i, orum, m., the
XXVIII.
Reliqu-ut, a, urn, remaiu- RauracL
Skili-a, ae, /., Sicily. Substantive.
Ing.
Statio, stati6n-is, /., a bta- Or/Uor, is, m., an orator.
li
Verbs, tion, post
I i
Amplect-i, to embrace. Trqj-a, ae, /., Troy. Adjectives.

Cdn-dri, to endeavour, Dubi-us, a, um, doubtful.
Deterr-ire, to frighten Adjectives. Ips-e, a, um, sell
prevent; deter. Adjlict-us, a, um, or afflict- Perpaue-i, ae, a, (pi), rery
FdH-ire, to deceive. ut, a, um, distressed; few.
Fat-lri, to confess. afflicted. Prdb-us. a, um, upright;
Uort-Ari, to exhort; en- i <4?,v.tit, a, um, white. good.
courage; .(>»si, »r.J, triif. three. Punic-us, a, um, Punic,
I
Ldqv-i, to speak. i
i.C,'-i a. w,, any. Carthaginian.
Met-iri, to measure. f^K ;. ' a, ,», (pert part, of
MOr-Ori, to delay. vidi^,) seen. Verbs.
POt-iri, to get possession Atting-frt, to reach; attain.
Cf * Tmob-o vniraAlf ma£*fur Verbs. Ctmsfmi-L to Overtiike,
at Cal-drt. to be warm. Disum, I am wanting ; fail.
I'lRST LATIN READEIl.
117
KP^ ^«, fo escape.
/tuan~ut,a,ut
Impend-tre, to li»ngoveri ofaiiiound Vetltr, vtttr-a,
mind; mad. vutr-wn,
Impend. your.
iMX-tu, a, urn, loose.
fnltrem, to be present at; Viviu, o, um, allre, living.
Quivis, quaevu,
engage quodvit,
in.
any one, any thing.
Nig-Ott, to deny; mv Verbf.
Tantut, a, urn, to
"Na" great; Coep-istt, tn begin.
•0 much.
Poue, to be able. Corrip-ire, to seize,
froHue, to bo o»er com- ; Verb!. Orid-ire, to believa
uianl AdnOr-Ori, to admire; won-
Cup.fre, to desire.
t'ludeue, to do good to; Itfvdr-are, to devour,
der at
belp. Ditcfd.&e, to depart
Aiifer-re, to take away.
Wrf-*i, (dtp.,) to neem. EmUt-A-e, to. send forth
^<r-r«,tobcar, carry; bring. i
drop.
Impon-ire, to lay on ; im-
Adverbs. pose.
Exut(m-are, to tliink,
Plurimum, rery much. Judga
/nfer-re, to bring in ; wage.
/'ottea, afterwards. Jfunti-are, to tell; report;
fmput-are, to attribute to,
Q«<,how? Inwhatmannei-? declare.
imputA
Quin, how not ; but that. Pro/er-re, to put
It\fl-art, to blow up, inflat*.
forth.
Inquam, I say.
Sum-ire, to takft
CoQjanotion. Init-are, to stand over,
im-
^«c. nor: B«>-fl«c,
neither Adverbs. pend.
—nor. Impane, with Impunity. Maer-ire, to grieve.
Tarn, so. Ment-iri, to tell lies.
XXIX. A^«/«, to be unwilling.
Substantivea. NoK-gre, to ki.ow, recog-

Arm-a, orvm,
XXX nls&
n. pi, arms,
Substantives. N6vme, to know.
armour.
Arroganii-a, at, ^mfciV<-o,a«,/,fHendihlr. Otlend-gre, to show ; show
/, arro- BfntfM-um, i, a, benefit,
gance; pride. off.
service. Parc-fre, to
Aul-ui, i, m., Aulus (prop. spare, (with
BOn-um, i, n., a blessing, dot.)
namt).
Aur-a,ae,/., a breeze.
advantaga Pdti, to suffer.
Cate-us, i, m., cheese. Per/ir-re, to bear on, con-
fiK-ut, f, wj., a
purse; Cruor,
money-bag. blood, gore.
is, tn., tlnue to suffer.
Ingeni-um,i,n., disposition, Prehend-fre (preiuUfre), to
InHri-a, at, /., injustice; nature. catch, seize.
wrong.
IrOcundi-a, ae, Purg-are, to clear, free.
Jurgi-um, i, n., a quarrel /, anger,
wratli, liid-ire, to return.
brawL
.tf«M«-a,o«,/, awea.sel. Rump-ire, to burst, break.
^ttl-us, i, m., a (he)
mule. Rfpulsa, at, f., tk rebuff,
A^wx, wfio-M,/, Ting-ire, or tinguire, to
anut. dip,
repulse. stain, dye.
Suetn-a, a«, /, a burden ;
pack. Ve/Ze, to wish, will.
Adjectives.
««-««, wm., & curve; Fiffn-ut, a, um,
bay; fold (0/ a robe). strong, Adverbs.
firm.
Spati-um, t, a, a Ita, thus.
space, Mdlett-us, a, um,
distance.
trouble- Vbi, (adv. or cwy.) when,
some.
Stagn-um, i, a pool.
n.,
where.
Preru-us, a, um, cauRht,
Tdlr-us, Vitro, of one's own
i, m., an ankle (perf. part of accord;
bone J a prehendo farther; veliemently.
die, (p/.) dice. OTprendo.)
Undique, from all parts.
Prdpri-us, a, um, one'sown.
Adjectives. Ruptus, a, um, burst
Vaiidius, more vigorously.
Advers-us, a, urn,
opposite; Singul-i, ae, a, one each
*vt adversae, adversity Preposition, with
_ (time, 4c.)
Ablative
J.mct-ut, a, um, stalaed, Cdram, before ; la
tf«fee<».w,a,M»»,iieiTeOftn. presence
dyed. i
oC
\
118 FIR8T LATIN UKAPKll.
Conjuuotion. OhIriAn {dff,), to boast Supfrhi-n, at, /, pvlilc;

tJum, whilst. Intet-ut, it coiicorns. Is of haughtiness; tyranny.
importance. TurpUudo, lutpilititin-i>, /.,
XXXI. Invli/iidrt, to keep watch Ixuieness.
Substantives. over. I'li/'i-iM, », m. (prop, nmne),

./tJi'df*, to help, wMUi, \'ariu«,
ConMli-utn, i, n., c«)iiiisul,
mSvlcG.
UM, or tutitt, it pieascs (I Vuln-ui, erii, «., a wound.
like).
OtM, gcnlis, /., ft >ui'«, Adjectives.
l.Urt, it is perm If ted.
trlbo, nntluii.
LuM, or /iftj"*, tt plciisi's (1
Conlempl-tu, a, um, do-
/j/t»iU'i-(i, <i«, /., Inactivity,
like). splscd.
sloth, idluno'tii.
Mh'^rl, it excites pity I, ;
/Vi'.M-Hj, <i, mil, wearied;
tti.'fti-a, (ir, /, hIUIiiom: worn out
thou, Ac pity.
j>l. foolorlos, trtrtos.
Xetc irr, not to know. /iiliTroiidt-ita, a, wn, Ask(>d.
If^filini-a, (If, /., evil re-
Olitcmpff-at't^ to obey, Qiiiiiiiin, (iimenain, quod-
port, bud i-hunu'tur.
tiaiii, who, which, or
(with (/(«<.)
UMdo, llbuUn-ia, /., lust,
wliat, pray 7
OporM, it behoves (mo,
(luHiro.
liiipl-us, rt, um, carrieil off;
tlu'u, &c), I nuLst.
JNVj/(>H-Mm, », n., Imslncss,
recc-ilff, to sin. w<M<. rnplinn, (used us
afTiiir, tiling.
rtfcotUUri, ('/<•/>.,) to Iji-
Nubstiiutive,) plunder.
Opus est, it is iieodîL (Sou Soliu, a, utit, alone, only.
(]uire; search into.
VofahuUify.) Vi'tiis, tvWr-M, old, uncientj
I'ertd^lltn tst, it disi;ust8,
aiilili-unt, i, a, koaI, ilu-
I am disKustcd, Ac former.
tirc, study.
I'h/et, it Kriuves.
Verbs.
Adjectives. I 'Meet, it pleasos.
Aic, I say.
Dlliijitis, dili{/cnl-is, tllll-
Poenitet, it repents,
/'M(/ct, it nshamea. Const-dre, to stand still,
Ki'iit, Industrious.
halt : constat, It is agreed
ttinikvns, inudfeiit-is, harm- lir/et't. It concerns.
I'lU'det, it disgusts, wearies,
upiiii ; It is evident
li'ss, innocent,
K.nir-i'rc, to burn up.
ITtt-ii, M, nrjek; mild; .te.
<,
Odiidfre, to rejoice.
Kcntle. Tradilf-fre, or trini^^ditc-ere,
llicmdrf, to puss the win-
\iill-m, a, iini^ luinc to bring across, trans-
ter.
Qi(«ri.i, (fiHKVis, qitoitris, or port
Invid-ifre, to envy, grudge,
iftiidvis, any person or Adverbs. (witli diU.)
thing. Aliqiiando, soinetiiues. Muminisse, to remember.
Se^H-u, M, e, ln.ictlve,
M}iiUne, least of all by iiu
; Odissi', to hate.
slow; idle.
mean.s. liii/'cr re, to carry back, (r«-
Suscfpt-tu, a, um (perf.
J'aetie, almost /eire pedinn, to retreat.)
part. otsttsHpio), under-
Preposition, with aSiistin-Ore, to bear up
taken; beûu.
ifgainst, cnduie.
Viirccutid-ui, <i, uin, modest. Ablative.
Pro, before, iu front of; Adverbs.
Verbs. instead of. Acritcr, keenly.
')
Ad ire, to go to, visit,
Conjunction. Kijuidtm, indued, 1 for my
Cai-^re, to cultivate ; in-
Sique, neitlier, nor. part
habit; worship.
Eliam, also, oron.
Continît, Itfulls toono'slot.
XXXII. Late, widely.
Dfcct, it leconies.
Minus, less.
Di^tftidfre, to defend, pro- Substantives.
Xiinc, now.
tect An'stid-es, is, m., Aristides.
Qud(iue, also.
Ddectat, it delights. CiiMl-ac, itrum, /. pi, n ^(;/«w, only.
Dtlect-are, to delight, pack-saddle, pannier. Tnvi'piilUiT, peacefully.
Dain-irt, to give over, Uvi-us, i, tu., Livy.
Tu/ic, then, at that timo.
cease. Liici-us, I, Hi., Lucius.
it-eri, tu be uiade ; to be- Saevitia, at. /., cruelty. luterjeotiou.
come. SapittUi-a, ae,/., wiMi^.m. 0.01
;;
PART II
EXTRACTS FOR READING.
FABLES OF rilAEDRUS.
1. THE MULE3 AND THE ROBBEES.

Mum g]-iivftti sarcinis ihaiit duo :
Uiius ferehat fisoos cum pcouiiia,.^*''*^^ -^</ , .
Alter tv.iiientcs im.lto îctos hordco. d />''^'^\:J

Ille,onere dives, cclsfl, ccrvico cniinet,
^
ClaniiiKiue coilo jactat tintiimabulmn ; /^ /-^ g
Comes qiiieto RO(iiiitur ct placido gradii.
Subit6 Liitroncs ex insidiis advolant,
Inteniue caedem ferro inuliim sauciant
Biripiuiit imininos, iieglignnt vile
hordcum.
Spoliatus igitiir casus (pium fleret suos
IQ
Equideni, iiKiuit alter, me ountemptuui gaudco,
Nam nihil aiuisi, ticc sum laesus vulnere.
[Hoc argumeiito tuta est liuminum tcimitas
:
Maguae pcriclo sunt opes obnoxiae.]
2. THE FROGS ASKING A KING.

fATirKNAK quum florcrcnt ne'iuis legibus,
Procax libertas civitatem miscuit,
Frenumquc solvit jiristinuia liceutia.
Elc couspiratis factiouuui puitibujs.
—
! !
120 FIRST LATIN READEJl.
Arcem tyranuus occupat Pisistratiis.

Quum tristem servitutem flerent Attici,
Non quia crudelis ille, sed quoniam grave
Omne insuetis onus,— et coepissent queri ]

Aesopus talem turn fabellam rettulit]
10 Ranae, vagantes liberis paludibiis,
Clamore magno regem petiere a Jove,
Qui dissolutos mores vi compesceret.
Pater Deorum risit, atque illis dedit
Parvum tigillura, missum quod subito vadi
16 Motu sonoque temiit pavidum genus.
Hoc mersum limo quum jaceret diutius,
Forte una tacite profert e stagno caput,
Et, explorato rege, cunctas evocat.
Illae, timore posito, certatim adnatant,
20 Lignumque supra turba petulans insilit.
Quod quum inquinassent omni contumelifi,,

Alium rogantes regem misere ad Jovem,
Inutilis quoniam esset, qui fuerat datus.
Tum misit illis hydrum, qui dente aspero
25 Corripere coepit singulas. Frustra necem
Fugitaut inertes vocem praecludit metus.
:
Furtim igitur dant Mercurio mandata ad Jovem.

\ i
Adui(3tis ut succurrat. Tunc contrk Deus :
Quia noluistis vestrum ferre, inquit, bonuni,

30 Malum peiferte. Vos quoque, 6 cives, ait.
Hoc sustiuete, majus ne veniat malum.
:
3. THE JACKDAW AND THE PEACOCKS.
[Ne gloriari libeat alienis bonis,
Suoque potius habitu vitam degere,
Aesopus nobis hoc exemplum prodidit.]
Tumens inani Graculus superbi^,
Pennas, Pavoni quae deciderant, sustulit,
Seque exornavit dcinde contemnens suos
:
Immiscuit se Pavonum fornioso gregi..

il I
Ilii iiiipudeuti pcunas eripiunt avi,

Fugattque rostris. Male nuilcatus Graculus
I
; : .
FIRST LATiN RZADEH. 121

Redire maerens coepit ad proprium genus;
10
A quo repulsus tristem sustinuit notam.
Turn quidam ex illis, quos prius despexerat
Contentus nostris si fuisses sedibus,
Et, quod natura dederat, voluisses pati,
Nee illam exper+us esses contumeliam,
16
Nee banc repalsam tua sentiret calamitas.
4. THE WOLF AlfD THE IAMB.

Ad rivum eundem Lupus et Agnus venerant
Siti compulsi superior stabat Lupus,
:
Longeque inferior Agnus. Tunc fauce improba

Latro incitatus jurgii causam intulit.
Cur, inquit, turbulentam fecisti raihi
Aquam bibenti ? Laniger contra, tiraens :
Qui possum, quaeso, facere quod qugreris, Lupe ?

A te decurrit ad meos haustus liquor.
Eepulsus ille veritatis viribus
Ante hos sex menses male, ait, dixisti mihi.
10
Respondit Agnus Equidem natus non eram.
:
Pater, hercule, tuus, inquit, maledixit mihi.

. Atque ita correptum lacerat injusta, nece.
I [Haec propter illos scripta est homines fabula,
\ Qui fictis causis innocentes opprimunt.J
15
\6. THE DOG AND THE PIECE OF FLESH.

[Amittit merito proprium, qui alienum adpetit.]
Canis per flumen, carnem dum ferret, natans, y
Lympharum in speculo vidit simulacrum suura,
Aliamque praedam ab alio ferri putans,
Eripere voluit : verum decepta aviditas
;
Et, quern tenebat ore, dimisit cibum,
Nee, quem petebat, adeo potuit adtingere.
e. THE cow, THE SHE-GOAT, THE SHEEP, AND THE LION.

[NcatiCAM est ndeils cum potente societae
Teetatur haec fabella propositum meum.]
ammgmm
122 FIBST LATIN READKK.
Vacca et Capella, et patiens Ovis injuriae,

cum Leone in saltibus.
Socii fuere
Hi quum cepissent cervum vasti corporis,
Sic est locutus, partibus factis, Leo
Ego primam tollo, noniinor quia Leo ;
Secundam, quia sura fortis, tribuetis mihi j
Tum, quia plus valeo, me sequetur tertia ;
10 Malo adficietur, si quis quartam tetigerit.

Sic totam praedam sola improbitas abstulit.
7. THE FEOGS AND THE STJlf.
ViciNi Furis celebres vidit nuptias

Aesopus, et continuo narrare incipit
Uxorem quondam Sol quum vellet ducere,
Clamorem Ranae sustulere ad sidera.
Convicio permotus quaerit Jupiter
Causam querelae. Quaedam tum stagni incola
Nunc, inquit, omnes unus exurit lacus,
Cogitque miseras aridiL sede emori
Quidnam futurum est, si creSirit iiberos 1
i li
8. THE AS? AND THE LION HUNTING.

[ViRTUTis expers, verbis jactans gloriam.
Ignotos fallit, notis est derisui.]
Venari Asello comite quum vellet Leo,
Contexit Ulum frutice, et admonuit siiiiul,
6 TJt insueta, voce terreret feras ;
Fugientes ipse excipcret. Hie Auritulus

Clamorem subito totis toUit viribus,
Nc'oque turbat bestias miraculo.
Quae, duni paventes exitus notos petunt,
'
'I
10 Leonis adtliguntur horrendo impetu.
Qui, postquam caede fessus est, Asinum evocat,
Jubetque vocein premere. Tunc ille iiisolens ;
Qualis videtur opera tibi vocis nieae ?
Insiguis, inquit,— sic, ut nisi nossem tuum

16 Auimuui geuuaque, simili fugissem metu.
FIRST LATIN READEP..
223
9. THE STAG AT THE FOUNTAIN.

[Laudatis utiliora, quae contempseris,
Saepe in -niri, haec exserit narratio.]
Ad foutem Cervus, quum bibissct, restitit,
Et in liquore vidit effigiem suam.
Ibi dum ramosa mirans laudat cornua,
^
Crurumque nimiam tenuitatem vituperat,
Venantam subito vocibus conterritus,
Per campum fugere coepit, et cursu levi
Caues elusit. Silva turn excepit fertim
In qua retentis iiupeditus cornibus
jq
Lacerari coepit morsibus saevis canum.
Tunc moriens vocera banc edidisse dicitur
me infelicem ! qui nunc demum intelligo,
Utilia mihi quam fuerint, quae despexeram',
Et, quae laud^ram, quantum luctus habuerint. 15
10. THE FOX AND THE CROW.

[Qui se laudari gaudent verbis subdolis,
Fere dant poenas turpi poenitentia.]
Quum de fenestra Corvus raptum caseum
Comesse vellet, celsa residens arbore,
Hunc vidit Vulpes, deinde sic coepit
loqui :
qui tuarum, Corve, pennarum est nitor

Quantum decoris corpore et vultu geria 1
Si vocem haberes, nulla prior ales foret.

At ille stultus, dura vult
vocera ostendere,
Emisit ore caseum, quem celeriter
10
Dolosa Vulpos avidis rapuit dentibus.
Turn demum ingemuit Corvi deceptus stupor.
11. THE ASS AND THE OLD MAN.

[In principatu comniutando civium,
llilpraeter domiui nomen mutant
pauperes.
Id ease verum, piirva haec fabella
iudicat.]
124 rmST LATIN FwEADEI?.
Asellum in prato timidvis pascebat aenex
6 Is,hostium clamore subito territus,

Suadebat Asiuo fugere, ne possent capi.
At ille lentus Quaeso, nura binas mihi
:
impositurum victorem putas ?

Clitellas
Senex negavit. Ergo quid refert luea
10 Cui serviam, clitellas duin porteiu meaa ?
12. THE UNGRATEFUL DOG.
[Habent insidias homiuis blanditiae niali

Quas ut vitemus, versus subjecti inonent]
Canis parturiens, quum rog^sset alteram,
Ut fetum in ejus tugurio deponeret,

Facile impetravit ; dein reposcenti locum
Pieces admovit, tenipus exorr.ns breve,
Dum firmiores posset catulos ducere.
Hoc quoque consumpto, flagitare validius
Cubile coepit. Si mihi et turbae meae

10 Par, inquit, esse potueris, cedam loco.
13. THE DOGS AND THE HIDE.

[Stultum consilium nou mudd effectu caret,
Sed ad pemiciem quoque mortales devocat.]
Corium depressnm in fluvio viderunt Canes.
Id ut comesse extractum possent facilius,
S Aquam coepere ebibere : sed rupti prius

Penere, quam, quod petieraut, contingerent
14. THE AGED LION, THE BOAE, THE BULL, AND THE ASS.
[QuicuNQUE amisit dignitatem pristinam,

i Ignavis etiam jocus est in casu gravL]
Defectus annis et desertus viribus
Leo quam jaceret, spiritum extremum trahens,
6 Aper fulmiueis ad cum venit deutibus,
FIB3T LATIN READER.
m
Et vindicavit ictu veterem injuriam.
Infestis Taurus mox confodit
comibus
Hostile corpus, .\sinus, ut vidit ferum
Impune laedi, caloibus fronteni extudit.
'
At aie exspirans Fortes indigne :

tuli iO
Mihi insultare : te, natiu-ae dedecus,
Quod ferre cogor, certe bis videor
mo'ri.
15. THE WEASEL AND THE MAN.

MusTELA, ab Honiine prensa, quura
instantem necem
Effligere vellet ; Parce, quaeso, inquit, mihi,
Quae tibi molestis muribus purgo domum.
Respondit ille : Faceres si causa meti,
Gratum esset, et dedissera veniam
supplici. fi
Nunc quia laboras, ut fruaris reliquiis,
Quas sunt rosuri, simul et ipsos devores,
Noli imputare vanum beneficium
mihi.
Atque ita locutus, improbarn leto dedit.
[Hoc in se dictum debent iUi agnoscere,
jo
Quorum privata servit utilitas sibi,
Et meritum inane jactant imprudentibus.]
16. THE FAITHFUL DOG.

[Repentk liberalis stultis gratus est,
Verum peritis inritos tendit dolos.]
Noctumus quum fur panem misisset Cani,
Objecto tentans an cibo posset capi
Heus inquit: linguam vis meam
! praecludere,
Ne latrem pro re domini. Multum falleris.
Namque ista subita me jubet benignitas
Vigilare, facias ne mea culpa lucrum.
17. THE FROG AND THE OX.

[Ijrops, potciitcm dum vult iiuitari, perit.]
iri
In.prato quondam Rana conspexit Bovem,
126 FIRHT LATIN READKS.
Et, tacta invidia tantae magnitndiniB,

Rugosam inflavit pellem : turn natos suos
Interrogavit, an Bove esset latior.
Illi negrirunt. Rursiis intendit cutem
Majore nisu, et siniili quaesivit niodo,
Quis major esset. Illi dixcrunt, Bovem.
Novissini^ indignata, dum vult validius
10 InHare sese, rupto jacuit corpore.
18. THE DOG AND THE CROCODILE.

[CoNsiLiA qui dant prava cautis hominibus,
Et perdunt operani, et deridentur tiirpiter.]
Canes currentes bibere in Nilo flumine,
A Crocodilis ne rapiantur, traditum est.
! Igitur qmini currens bibere coepisset Canis,
Sic Crocodilns : Quandibet lambe otio—
Noli vereri. At ille : Facerem raehercule,
Nisi esse scirem carnis te cupidum meae.
19. THE FOX AND THE STORK.

[NujAi nocendum : si quis vero laeserit,
Multandum simili jure, fabella
admonet.]
Ad coenam Vulpes dicitur Ciconiam
Prior invitasse, et illi in patena liquidara
Pasuisse sorbitionem, quam nuUo mode
Gustare esiu'iens potuerit Ciconia.
Quae Vulpem quum revocasset, intritq. cibo
Plenam lagonam posuit huic rostrum inserens
:
Satiatur ipsa, et torquet convivam fame.

10 Quae quum lagonae coUum frustra lamberet,
Peregrinam sic locutara volucrem accepimus
Sua quisque exempla debet aequo animo pati.
20. THE FOX AND THE EAGLE.

[QpAMvis sublimes debent humiles metuere,
Vindicta docili quia patet solertiae.]
Vuipinos catuioH Aquila quondam sustulit,
HRST LATIN READER.
127
Nidoqne posnit pnllls, escam ut carperent.
Hanc persecuta mater oraro incipit,
/)
Ne tantum niiserae luctiini importaret
sibi.
Contempsit ilia, tuta quippo ipso
loco.
Vulpes ab ara rapuit ardentem
facein,
Totaniquo flainmis arborem
circumdedit,
Hosti doloreni darano niiscens
sanguinis! 10
Aquila, ut pericio mortis eriperet
suos,
Incolumes natos supplex Vulpi
tradidit.
21. THE MAN AND HIS TWO LOVERS.

[A FEMiNis utcnnque spoliari vires,
Ament, amentur, nempe exemplis
discimus.]
Aetatis mediae quendara mulier
non rudis
Tenebat, annos celans elegantid
Animosque ejusdem pulchra juvenis
ceperat.
Ambae, videri dum volunt illi pares,
Capillos homini Iggere coepere
iiwicem.
Quum se putaret fingi curd
mulifcrum,
Calviis repente factiis est;
nam funditna
Canos Puella, nigros Anus
evellerat.
10
22. THE EAGLE, THE CAT, AND THE BOAR.

Aquila in sublimi quercu nidum fecerat;
Feles cavernam nacta in media pepererat:
Sus neraoricultrix fetum ad imam *
posuerat.
Tum fortuitum Feles contubernium
Fraude et scelestd sic evcrtit malitia.
6
Ad nidum scaudit Volucris: Pernicies,
ait,
Tibi paratur, forsan et niiserae
mihi
Nam fodere terram quod vidos
quotidie
Aprum insidiosum, quercum vult evertere,
Ut nostram in piano facile progeniem oppr'imat. 10
Terrore offuso et perturbatis
sensibus,
Derepit ad cubile setosae suia :_
Magno, inquit, in pericio amit uati
tui;
r
—
:: ; ;
128 yniaT latin reader.
Nam simiil exieris pastura cum tenero grege,

15 Aquila est parata rapere porcellos tihi.
Hunc quoquo timore postquam couiplevit locum,

Dolosa tuto condidit scse cavo.
Inde evagata noctu suspenso pede,
Ubi escd 86 replevit et prolem siiara,
SO Pavorem sinmlans prospicit toto die.
Ruinam metucns Aquila ramis dcsidct
Aper rapiiiam vitans non prodit foras.
Quid multa ? inediA, sunt consiunpti aim snis,
Felique et catulis largam pracbuenint dapem.
2S [Quantum homo bilinguis saepe concinnet mail
Documentum habere stulta credulitas potest.]
23. THE STAG AND THE OXEN.

Cervus, nemorosis excitatus latibulis,
Ut venatoram fugeret instantem necera,
Caeco timore proximam villara petit,
Et opportune se bubili condidit.

I 1
HIc Bos latenti Ouidnam voluisti tibi,
:
Jnfelix, ultro qui ad necem cucurreris,

Hominuraque tecto spiritum commiseris ?
At ille supplex Vos modo, inquit, parcite
:
Occasione rursus erumpam data.

10 Spatium diei noctis excipiunt vices.
Frondem bubulcus adfert, nee ideo videt,

Eunt subinde et redeunt omnes rystici,
Nemo animadvertit : transit etiam villicus,
Nee ille quidquam sentit. Turn gaudens fenu
15 Bubus quietis agere coepit gratias,
Hospitium adverso quod praestiterint tempore,
Respondit unus Salvum te cupimus quideii)
:
Sed ille, qui oculos centum habet, si venerit,

Magno in periclo vita vertetur tua.
20 Haec inter ipse dominus a coena redit
Et, quia corruptos viderat nuper boves,
Accedit ad praesepe Cur frondis parum est ?
:
Stramcnta deisuut ? Tullere Laeu aiuiitia

: :
riRST LATIN READF.n.

129
Quantiim est laboris ? Diun
scrntatur sin-ula
Cervi quoque alta °
conspicatur corniia: '
Quein convocata jubet occidi

*
29
faniilid
i'raedain.,ue tollit. Ilacc significat fal.ula.
Doiuuiuiu videre pluriimnu
in rebus snia
24. THE PANTHER AND THE

SHEPHERDS.
[SoLET a despectis par referri
gratia.]
Panthera iniprudons olim in
foveam decidit
Videre agrcstes : alii fustes congerunt,
Ahi onerant saxis qiiidam
: coiitrh, niiseriti
'
Penturae quippe, .luarnvis nemo
laedorct,
Misere paneni, ut sustineret
spiritura.
Nox insecuta est: abcunt securi
domum,
Quasi inventuri niortuam
jjostridie. *
At ilia, vires ut rcfecit languidas,

Veloci saltu fovea sese
liberat, 10
Et in cubile concito
properat gradu.
Paucis diebus iiiterpositis,
provolat,
Pecus trucidat, ipsos i)astores necat,
Et, cuncta vastans, saevit
irato impetu
Turn sibi timentes, qui
ferae pepercerant,
15
X)amnum baud recusant, tantuni
pro vitA rogant.
At Uia Memini, qui me saxo
:
petierit,
Qui panem dederit; vos
timere absistite •
Illis reverter hostis, qui me laeserunt
25. AESOP AND THE FORWARD

FELIOW.
[SuccEssus ad perniciem
multos devcn-at 1
Aesopo quidam petulans
lapidem impegerat.
Tanto, mquit, melior.
Assera deinde illi dedit
Sic prosecutus Plus non babeo mehercule
:
bed, unde accipere

possis, monstrabo tibi
Venit ecce dives et potens
; huic similiter
Impinge kpidem, et dignum accipies praemium.
Persuasus die fecit, quod
monitus fuit
pea „^.o iciciiii, impuuentem
audaciam-
Coraprensus namque poenas
persolvit cruce
(128) 10
9
il
130 jriRST LATIlf UEADE?..
86. THE FLY AND THE MULE.

MusoA in temone Bedit, et Mulam increpann
Quam tarda es ! imiuit, non vis citius progredi ]
Vide, ne dolono n(-lluiu coiupungain tibi.
Respondit ilia : Verbis non moveor tiiis ;
Bed istuni tinico, sella qui prima, sedens

Jugum flagello teniperat lento meuni,
Et ora frenis continet spiunantibufl.
Quapropter aiifer frivolani insolentiam
Namque, ubi strigandnin sit, et ubi currendum, bcIo.
30 [Hac derideri fabula nierito potest.

Qui sine virtuto vanas exercet mlnaa.]
27. THE DOG AND THE WOLF.

[Quam dulcis sit libertas, breviter proloquar.]
Cani perpasto macie confectus Lupus
Forte occurrit dein salutantes invicem
:
Ut restiterunt : Unde sic, quaeso, nites ?
Aut quo cibo fecisti tantum corporis?

Ego, qui sum long^ fortior, pereo fame.
Canis simpliciter : Eadem est conditio tibi,
Praestare domino si par officiura potes.
Quod ? inquit ille. Gustos ut sis limiuis,
10 A furibus tuearis et noctu domura.

Ego vero sum paratus nunc patior nives
:
Imbresque, in silvis asperam vitanl trahens.

Quanto est facilius mihi sub tecto vivere,
Et otiosum largo saiiiari cibo
15 Veni ergo mecum. Dum procedunt, adspicit
Lupus a catenS. coUum detritum Cani.
Unde hoc, Amice ? Nihil est. Die, quaeso, tamen.
[
Quia videor acer, aUigant me interdiu,
Luce ut quiescam, et vigilem, nox quum venerit

I ^
20 Crepusculo solutus, qua visum est, vagor.
Adfertur ultro panis ; de mensa su4

Pat ossft dominus : frusta jactat familia,
Et, quod fastidit quisque, pulmeutarium.
«RflT LATIN RKADKn.
131
Sic Bine labore venter impletiir
nieiw.
Age, Bi quo ubire est animus,
est licentia ? 2f5
Nun plane est, in.juit. Fruere, quae lauaus, Canii;
Keguaro nolo, lihor ut nou aim ujihi.
28. THE BROTHER AND SISTER.

[Praeoepto monitus, naepe te considera.]
Uabehat qnidam filiara turpissimain,
Idemque insignem pulchrfl, facie
filiiini.
Hi speculum, in cathedra niatris
ut positnni fuit
Puenliter ludnntcs, forte
inspexerant
Hie se formosum jactat ; ilia
irascitur,
Nee gloriantis sustinet fratris
jocos,
Accipiens quipj)o cuncta in
contumeliam.
Ergo ad patrem decurrit, laesura
invicem,
Magn%e invidia criminatur filiuni,
Vir natus quod rem feminarura 10
tetigerit
Araplexus ille utnimque, et carpens
oscula,
Dulcemque in arabos caritatem
partiens
Quotidie, inquit, speculo vos
uti volo
Tu fonnara ne corrumpas nequitiae
malis ' 15
Tu faciem ut istam moribus
vincaa bonis.
29. THE BEES AND THE DRONES.

Apes in alta quercu fecerant favos
Hos fuci inertes esse dicebant suos.
Lis ad forum deducta est,
Vespa judice.
Quae genus utramque nOsset quuni
pulcherrimo,
Legem duabus banc proposuit partibus
Non inconveniens corpus, et par est color,
In dubium plane res ut meritd
venerit.
Sed, ne religio peccet iniprudens
mea,
Alvos accipite, et ceris opus
infunditc,
Ut ex sapore mellis, et forma favi,
Be quls nunc ae-itur. nnr'fr.r v.a«,. — j x
10
-Fuel recusant : Apibjis conditio placet.

:: : : :;
132 FIUST LATIN READER.
Tunc ilia talem protulit sententiam

Apertum est, quis non possit, et quis fecerit.
15 Quapropter Apibus fnictuni restituo suuin.
[Hanc praeterissem fabulam silentio,
Si pactum Fiici non recusassent fideni.]
30. AESOP AMUSINQ HIMSELF.
PuERORUM in tiirbS, quidara ludentem Atticus

Aesopum nuoibus quum vidisset, restitlt,
Et quasi delirum risit. Quod sensit simul
Derisor potius, quam deridendus senex,
5 Arcum retensum posuit in media via:
Heus inquit, Sapiens, expedi, quid fecerim.
!
Concurrit populus. Ille se torquet diu,

Nee causam intelligit.
quaestionis positae
Novissime succumbit. Turn victor sophus
10 Cite rumpes arcum, semper si tensnm habueris
At si laxaris, quum voles, erit utilis.
[Sic Indusanimo debet aliquando dari,
Ad cogitandum melior ut redeat tibi.]
81. THE TREES AJSH THEIR GUARDIAN ilEITIES.
i \
Olim, quaa vellent esse in tutela su^,
Divi legerunt arbores. Quercus Jovi,
Et myrtus Veneri placuit, Phoebo laurea,
Pinus Cybebae, populus celsa Herculi.
f r
Minerva admirans, quare steriles sumerent,
Interrogavit. Causam dixit Jupiter
it I
Honorem fructu ne videamur vendere.
At, mehercules, narrabit quod quis voluerit,
Oliva nobis propter fructum est gratior.
10 Tunc sic Deorum genitor atque hominum sator
nata, merito sapiens dic^re omnibus
Nisi utile est, quod facimus, stulta est gloria.
[Niliil agere, quod non prosit, fabella admonet.]
; :;
FIRST LATIN READEE.

133
82. THE PEACOCK AND JTJNO.

Pavo ad Junonem venit, indigne ferens,
Cantus iuscinii quod sibi non tribuerit
Ilium esse cunctis auribus
adniirabileni",
8e derideri, siraul ac vocem niiserit.
Tunc, consolandi gratia, dixit
Dea:
Sed forma vincis, vincis magnitudine;
*
Niter zmaragdi collo praefulget
tuo,
Pictisque plumis gemmeam caudam explicas.
Quo mi, inquit, mutam speciem, si vincor sono ?
Fatorum arbitrio partes sunt vobis datae;
10
Tibi forma, vires aquilae,
luscinio melos,
Augurium corvo, laeva cornici oniina,
Omnesque propriis sunt contentae dotibus.
[Noli adfectare, quod tibi non
est datum,
Dslusa ue spes ad qucrelam
recidat.]
10
83. THE FOX AND THE QEAPES.
Fame coacta Vulpes alta in vinea

Uvam adpetebat, sunmiis saliens viribus
Quam tangere ut non potuit, discedens ait:
Nondnm matura est nolo acerbam :
sumere.
[Qui, facere quae non possunt,
verbis elevant
'
Adscribere hoc debebunt exeraplum
sibi.]
34. THE HORSE AND THE BOAR.

Equus sedare solitus quo fuerat sitim,
Dum sese Aper volutat, turbavit vaduni.
Hinc orta lis est.
Sonipes, iratus Fero,'
A,iAilium petiit hominis, quem
dorso levans,
'
Rediit ad hostem. Jactis hunc telis equea
6
Postquam interfecit, sic locutus traditur:
Laetor, tulisse auxilium me
precibus tuis
~ i-.-v-!.,-,.! vCiî, ci Uiaiui, quam sis utilis,
Atque ita ciêgit frenoa invitum pati.
;
ft
134 FIRST LATIN IlEADEn,
10 Ttini maestiis illeParvae vindictam rel

:
Duin quaero deniens, servitiitem repperi.

[Haec iracundos admonebit fabula,
Iinpuue potius laedi, quam dedi alteri.]
35. THE BATTLE OP THE MICE AlTD WEASEL&

QuuM victi Mures Mustelarum exercitu
(Historia quorum in tabernis pingitur)
Fugerent et artos circum trepidarent cavos,
Aegre recepti, tamen evasenint necem.
Duces eorum, qui capitibus cornua
Suis ligarant, ut conspicuum in praelio
Ilaberent signum, quod sequerentur, milites,
Haesere in portis, suntque capti ab hostibus
Quos immolatos victor avid is dentibus
10 Capacis alvi mersit tartareo specu,
[Queracunque populum tristis eventus preuiit,
Periclitatur magnitude principum,
Minuta plebes facili praesidio latet.]
36. THE VIPER AND THE FILE.
[MoKDACiOREM qui improbo dente adpetit.

Hoc argumeiito se describi sentiat.]
In officiuam fabri venit Vipera.
quum tentaret, si qua res esset cibi,
Ilaec
Ml Limam moniordit. Ilia contra contumax :
Quid me, inquit, stulta, dente captas laedere,

Omne adsuevi ferrum quae corrodere ?
37. THE FOX AND THE HE-GOAT.

[Homo, in periclum sinud ac venit, callidus
*
i
Reperire efFugium alterius quaerit malo.]
Quum decidisset Vulpes in puteum iuacia,
Et aitiore ciauderetur margine,
: ;
FIRST LATIN RKADRR.

335
I>evenit Ilircus sltiens in
eundem locum:
Simul rogavit, esset an dulcis
liquor,
Et copiosus. Ilia fraudein nioliens
Descende, amice tanta
bonitas est aquae,
;
voluptas ut satiari non

possit mea.
Immisit se Barbatus. Turn
Vulpecula
Evasit puteo, nixa celsis
comibus,
flircu-nque clause liquit
haerenteni vado.
38. MEN'S FAULTS. '
Pebas imposuit Jupiter nobis duas •

Propriis repletara vitiis
post tergum'dedit
Alienis ante pectus suspendit *
gravein.
[Hac re videre nostra raala non
possuruus
Alu simul delmquunt,
censores sumus.]
39.THE SHE-GOATS AND THE

HE-GOATS.
Barbam Capellae quum impetr^ssent
ab Jove
llirci maerentes indignari coep6nint,
Quod dignitatem feminae
aequlssent suam
Smite, mquit, illaa glorid rana frui,
Et usurpare vestri ornatum muneris.
Paresdum non sint vestrae fortitudini 6
[Hoc argumentum monet, ut
sustineas tibi
H»bitu esse similes, qui sunt virtute
impares J
40. THE MAN AND THE SNAKE.

[Qui fert
malis auxilium, post
tempus dolet 1
Gehi rigentem quidam Colubram
sustulit
Smuque fovit,contra se ipse misericors • '
Namque ut refecta est, necuit

hominem' protinus
Uanc aha quum rogaret causam facinoris,
iêspondit lS"e quia discat prodesse
:
improbis.
::
136 FIRST LATIN RKADKE.
41. THE ANT AND THE PLT.
Formica et Musca contendebant acriter,

Quae phiris esset. Musca sic coepit prior
Conferre nostris tu potes te laudibus ?
Ubi immolatur, exta praegusto Dciim ;
B Moror inter aras, templa perlustro omnia.

In capite regis sedeo, quum visum est mihi,
Et matronarum casta delibo oscula.
Laboro nihil, atque optimis rebus fmor.
Quid honim simile tibi contingit, Rustica ?
10 Est gloriosus sane convictus Deftni,

rr
Sed illi, qui invitatur, non qui invisus est.
Aras frequentas nempe abigeris, quo vcnis.
:
Reges commemoras, et matronarum oscula

Super etiam jactas, tegere quod debet pudor
15 Nihil laboras ideo, quum opus est, nil babes.
:
Ego graniun in liiemem quum studios^ congero^

Te circa munnn video pasci stercore.
Aestate me lacessis quum bruma est, siles.
:
]\Iori contractam quum te cogunt frigora,

20 Me copiosa recipit incolumem domus.
Satis profecto retudi superbiam.
[Fabella talis hominum discernit notas
Eorum, qui se falsis ornant laudibus,
Et quorum viitus exhibet solidum decus.]
42. TIME.
CcRsu volucri, pendens in novacula,

Calvus, coniosa fronte, nudo corpore,
i
(Quem si occuparis, teneas ; elapsum semel
j
Non ipse possit Jupiter reprehendere ;)
J) Occasionem rerum significat brevem.

Effectus impediret ne segnis mora,
Finxere aatiqui talem elligiem Temporifl.
fit
;
F1B«T I^TIN READKll. 137
KOMAN HISTORY.
-O
1. ROMULUS AND REMUS.

PnocAB, rex Albanorum, Numitoreni et Amulium
filios genuit.
Numitori, qui natu major erat, regnum legavit. Plus
tamen vis
potuit quara voluntas patris. Pulso fratre, Amulius regnavit et, ut :
Numitoremsobole privaret, Rheam Silviam, ejusfiliam, Vestae

sacer-
dotem fecit. Vestalis, fide violata, Romuluni et Reinuni
uiio partu 5
edidit. Quo
coguito Amulius ipsam in vincula conjecit
parvulos
;
alveo impositos misit in Tiberim, qui tunc forte

super ripas lenibus
Btagnis erat effusus ; sed relabente flumine
pueros aqua in sicco
reliquit. Vasti</3 turn in iis locis solitudines erant.
Lupa, ut fama
traditum ad puerilem vagltum accurrit, infantes lingua lambit, 10
est,
eorum ori admovit ubera, atque se pro matre gessit.

Faustulus, regii pecoris magister, parvulos invenit,
et ad caaam
Laurentiae uxori educandos tulit. Hi deinde adulti
inter pastores
prirao ludicris certamiiiibus vires auxere,
venando saltus peragrare,
et latrones a rapina pecorum arcere coeperunt.
Quam ob rem quum' Ifl
iis msidiati essent latrones, Remus
oaptus est, Romulus vi se defendit.
Tunc Faustulus necessitate compulsus indicavit Romulo,
quis esset
ejus avus, quae mater. Romulus statim cum armatis pastoribus
Albam properavit.
Interea Rcraum latrones ad Amulium regem perduxerunt, ultro 20
accusantes, quasi Numitoris agros infestare solitus
esset. Remus
itaque Numitori ad supplicium a rege Amulio
traditus est; at
Numitor^ quum aetatem cognovisset adolescentis, et
vultum matri
Rheae simillimum inspexisset, baud procul erat quin nepotem
agnosceret.
05
[753 B.C.] Deinde Romulus et Remus urbcm in iisdem locis, ub?
expositi, ubique erant educati, condiderant ; sed orta inter
eos conten-
tione, uter nomen novae urbi daret, uter conditam imperio regeret,
auspicia adhibuere. Remus prior sex vultures, Romulus postea
duodecim videt. Sic Romulus, augurio yictorjurbem "Romam" 30
vocavlt. Remus, fratris ludibrio. novos transUuisse muros dicitur
138 FIRST LATIN IlKADRTl.
Sic deiiule
eiiin iratus Rdiimhis interfecit, his increpans verbis :
pereat, quicimque alius traiisiliet moenia luea. Ita solus potitus est
iuiperio llouiulus.
2. ROMULUS,
First King of the Romans— -B.C. 753-716.
deerant
Romulus imaginera urbis magis quam urbem fecerat ;
incolae. Erat in proximo lucus; hunc asylum fecit. Eo statim
multitudo latronum pastommque confugit.. Quum vero ipse et

i
1.1
cives sui uxores non haberent, legates circa vicinas
gentes misit, qui
5 societatem connubiumque novo populo peterent. Nusquam benigne
audita est ludibrium etiam additum Quidni feminis

quoqne
legatio ; :
Id enim compar foret connubium. Romulus

asylum aperuistis ?
aegritudinem auimi dissimulans ludos parat ; indlci deinde
fiiiitimis
Multi convenere studio etiam videndae novae

spectaculum jubet.
maxime Sabini cum liberis et conjugibus. Ubi spectaculi
10 urbis,
venit, deditaeque ei mentes cum oculis erant, turn, dato
tempus
signo, juvcnes Romani virgines rapiunt.
Sabini ob virgines raptas bellum adversus Romanes

sumpse-
Tarpeiam virginem nacti
runt. Qui qnum Romae appropinquareiit,
moenia potitum ierat. Hujus pater
15 sunt, quae aquam forte extra
Romanae praeerat arci. Titus Tatius, Sabinorum dux, Tarpeiae
per-
optionem muneris dedit, si exercitura suum in Capitolium
raanibus gererent,
duxisset. Ea petiit quod Sabini in sinistris
videlicet annulos et armillas. Quibus dolose promissis, Tarpeia

90 Sabinos in arcem perduxit. Ibi Tatius earn scutis obrui jussit
nam et scuta in laevis habuerant. Sic impia proditio celeri poena

vindicata est._^
in hostes impetum fecit, et in eo loco, ubi nunc
Romulus acerrime
pugnam conseruit. Primo impetu vir inter
Romanum forum est,
nomine Hostilius, fortissime dimicans cecidit
25 Romanos insignis,
cujus interitu consternati Romani fugere coepemnt. Jam Sabini
clamitabant : Vicimus perfidos hospites, imbelles hostes. Nunc

sciunt, longe alkul esse virgines rapere, aliud pugnare cum viris.
tollens Jovi aedem vovit, et statim

Tunc Romulus arma ad coelum
Itaque praelium redinte-
HO exercitus seu forte sen divinitus
restitit.
"ratur ; sed raptae mulieres crinibus passis ansae sunt se inter tela
volantia inferre, et hmc patres, hinc viros orautes, pacem couciliaruat

FIRST LATIN REAnRR. 13Q
Romulus, foedere cum Tatlo icto, Sabinos in urbein recepit.

Centum ex senioribus elegit, quorum consilio omnia ageret, quos
Smatons nominavit. Tres Equitum centurias constituit populum 35 ;
in trigmta Curias distribuit. His ita ordinatis, quum ad exercitum

lustrandum concionem in campomd Caprae paludem liaberet, subito
coorta est tempestas cum magiio fragore tonitribusque, et RoniuUis
e conspectu ablatus est. Eum ad Decs abiisse vulgo creditum est,
—cui rei fidem fecit Proculus Julius vir nobilis. Orta enim inter 40
Patres et plebem seditione, is in concionem processit, jurejurando
affirmans, Romulum a se visum augustiore forma quara fuisset,
eumdemque praecipere, ut seditionibus abstinerent, et rem militarem
colereut. Ita Romulus pro deo cultus, et Quirinus est appellatus.
3. NUMA POMPILIUS,
Second King of the Romans — b,c. 716-673.
Successit Romulo Numa Pompilius, vir inclyta justitia et reli-

gione. Is Curibus oppido Sabinonim accitus est. Qui quum Romaiu
venisset, ut populum ferum religione mitigaret, sacra plurima insti-
tuit. Aram Vestae consecravit, et ignem in ara perpetuo alendum
virginibus dedit. Flaminem Jovis Sacerdotem creavit, eumque in- 5
Bigni veste et curuli sella omavit. Duodecim Salios Martis sacer-
dotes legit, qui ancilia, imperii pignora, ferre per urbem canentes et
rite saltantes solebant. Annum in duodecim menses ad cursum
lunae descripsit ; riefastos fastosque dies fecit ; portas Jano gemino
aedificavit, ut essct index pacis et nam
apertus in armis esse ]0
belli :
civitatem, clausus vero pacatos omnes circa populos significabat.

Leges quoque plurimas et utiles tulit Numa. Bellum quidem
nullum gessit, sed non. minus civitati profuit quam Romulus. Morbo
exstinctus in Janiculo monte sepiUtus est. Ita duo deinceps reges,
ille bello, hie pace, civitatem auxerunt. Romulus septem et trigiiita js
regnavit amios Kuma tres et quadraginta.
;
4. TULLUS HOSTILIUS,
Third King of the Romans — b.o. 673-641.
Mortuo Numa TuUus Hostilius rex creatus est. Ilic non solum
proiimo regi dissimilis, sed lerocior etiam Romulo fuit. Eo regnaute
bellum inter Albanos et Romanos exortum est. Ducibus

Ilostilio
placuit, fata utriusquo populi paucorum maiiibus com-

et Fuffetio
5 mitti. Erant apud Romanos trigemini fratres, Horatii, trigemini
quoque apud A-lbanos, Curiatii. Cum iis agunt reges, ut pro sua
Foedus ictura est ea lege, ut, unde
quisque patria diniicent ferro.
victoria, ibi imperium esset. Itaque trigemini arma capiunt, et in
medium inter duas acies procedunt. Consederunt utrimque duo
10 exercitus. Datur signum, infestisque armis terni juvenes, magnorum
excrcituum animos gerentes, concurrunt.
fulsere gladii,
TJt primo concursu increpuere arma, micantesque
spectantes perstrinxit. Consertis deinde manibus,
horror ingens
ceciderunt ; tres
Btatim duo Romani, alius super alium, exspirantes
\5 Albani vulnerati. Ad casum Roraanonim conclamavit gaudio exer-
citus Albanus. Romanos jam spes tota deserebat. Unum Hora-
tium Curiatii circumsteterant.

tres Forte is integer fuit ; sed quia
impar erat, fugam capessivit, ut eorum pugnam segregaret.
tribus
Jam aliquantum spatii ex eo loco, ubi pugnatum est, aufugerat,
£0 qmira respiciens videt unum e Curiatiis baud procul ab se abesse.
inclamat
In eum magno impetu redit et dum Albanus exercitus
;
ut opem ferant fratri, Horatius am eum occiderat. Altenmi

Curiatiis, j
deinde, priusquam tertius potuit consequi, intcrfecit.

Alteri erat
Jam singuli supererant, sed nee spe nee viribus pares.
Alter
2.5 intactum ferro coi-pus, atque animus geminata victoria ferox.
fessum, fessum cursu, trahebat. Nee illud praelium
corpus vulnere
fuit. Romanus exsultans male sustinentem arma conficit, jacen-
Horatium,
temque spoliat. Romani ovantes ac gratulautes accipiunt
et domum deducunt.
30 Non diu pax Albana mansit ; nam Fuffetius, dux Albanorum,
Veientes adversus Romanos Ipse 'a Tullo in auxilium
concitavit.
subduxit, ut foiiunam belli exspectaret
arcessitus aciem in collem
die Fuffetius, quum ad gratulandum Tullo
et sequeretur. Postero
diversa distractus.
venisset, jussu illius quadrigis religatus est, et in
35 Deinde Tullus Albam propter ducis perfidiam diruit, et Albanos
Romam transire jussit.

Roma interim crevit Albae minis ; duplicatus ert civium numerus
mons Caelius urbi additus, et quo frequentius habitaretur, earn

M
ihique deinde habitavit. Auctarum
Regiae sedem Tullus cepit,
40 virium fiducia elatus bellum Sabinis indixit. Pcstilentia insecuta
„-i. ,11-. 4.«~..^^ «K orrnia onios /iohafnr
. flrpdfibat. enim rex belli-
quam domi esse juvenum corpora sed

cosufi, salubricra militiae ;
i
FIIiaT LATIN READER. 141
Ipse quoque diuhirno morbo est implicatus. Tunc adeo fractl sirnul
cum corpore sunt spiritus illi feroces, ut nuUi rei deinceps, nisi
sacris, operam daret. Memoraiit Tulluin fulmine ictum cum dorao 45
conflagrasse. Tullua magna gloria belli regnavit annus duos et
trigiiita.
6. ANGUS MAECIUS,
Fourth King of the Romans—Vi.c. 640-616.
TuUo mortuo Ancura Marcium regera populus creavit. Nuinae
Pompilii nepos Ancus Marcius erat, aequitate et religione avo
similis.
Tunc Latini, cum quibus TuUo regnante ictum foedus erat, sus-
tulerunt animos, et incursionem in agrum Romanum fecerunt. Ancus,
priusquam eis bellum indiceret, legatum misit, qui res repeteret ; 5
eumque morem poster! acceperunt. Id autem hoc modo fiebat.
Legatus, ubi ad fines eorum veuit, a quibus res repetuntur, capito
velato Avdi, Jupiter^ inquit I a udite, fines hujuspopuli I Ego
:
mm
publicus nuntius populi Romaru; verbis meis Deinde
fides sit.
peragit postulata. Si non deduntur res, quas exposcit, hastam in
10
fines hostium emittit, bellumque ita indicit.
Legatus, qui ea de re
mittitwc, fecialis, ritusque belli indicendi,jusfeciale,
appellatur.
Legato Romano res repetenti superbe responsum est a Latinis
quare bellum hoc modo iis indictum est. Ancus exercitu conscripto
profectus Latinos fudit, et compluribus oppidis deletis cives
Romam 15
traduxit. Quum autem in tanta hominum multitudine facinora
clandestina fierent,Ancus carcerem in media urbe ad terrorem
mcrescentis audaciae aedificavit. Janiculum montem, non muro
solum, sed etiam ponte Sublicio in Tiberi facto, urbe conjunxit. In
ore Tiberis urbem Ostiam condidit. Pluribus aliis rebus intra paucos 20
annos confectis, immatura morte praereptus obiit.
6. LUCIUS TAEQUINIUS PEISCUS,

Fifth Kitig of the Romans — b.c. 618-578.
Anco regnante Lucius Tarquinius, urbe Tarquiniis profectus, cum
conjuge et fortunis omnibus Romam commigravit. Additur haec
fabula ei advenienti aoiiila Tiiieum cnafnlif
Ubi Tarquinius sedebat, cum magno clangore volitans, rursus capiti
U2 FTTWT LATm TlKATJKR.
inde suWimis abiit. Tanaquil conjnx, coelestnim

Savte rcposiiit;
portendi intellexit itaque virum coin-
prodigiorum perita, rcgnuin ei ;
secum portantea
plexa sperare alta jussit. lias spes cogitationeaqiio
couiparato, Tarciuinius pecunia
urbctii ingrcssi sunt, doinicilioquo ibi
etiam Anci regis familiar! tatera, con-
et industria dignitatem, atque
10 secutus est, a quo tutor liberis relictus
regnum intercepit, et ita
administravit, quasi jure adeptus fuissct.
Tarquinius Prisons Latinos bello domuit. Circum
Maximum aedifi-
cavit: mumm lapideum urbi circumdedit beUum cum Sabinis
:
auxit nomina tamen

quo bello equitura centuriaa numero
gessit, in ;
ferunt, Accii Navii auctoritate.

ID mutare non potuit, detervitus, ut
Accius, ea tempestate augur inclytns, id fieri posse negabat, nisi aves
eura interrogavit,
addixissent j iratus rex in experimentum artis
quod ipse mente concepisset ; Accius, auguno acto,
fierine posset,
fieri posse respondit. Atq2d hoc, inquit rex, agitaham, num cotem
20 illa7n secure n(yvamla possem. Potes, inquit augur; et secuisse

vicit, et filiura tredecim annorum,
quod
Hicitur. Tarquinius Sabinos
percussisset, praetexta et bulla donavit;
unde
in praclio hostem
coeperunt.
haec ingeiiuorum puerorum insignia esse
se patemo regno
Supererant duo Anci filii, qui aegre ferentes
paraverunt. Ex pastoribus duos ferocis-
2f, fraudatos esse regi insidiaa
patrandum facinus. li, simulata rixa, in vestibulo
simos deiigunt ad
regiae tumultuantur. Quorum clamor quum penitos in regiam per-
coepit,
venisset, vocatiad regem pergunt. Primo uterque vociferan
Coerciti ab lictore et jussi sunt
et certatim alter alteri obstrepere.
Unus ex composite rem orditur duraque mtentus
30 invicem dicere. ;
in eum se rex totus avertit, alter elatam

securim in ejus caput dejecit,
et relicto in vulnere telo ambo foras se proripiunt.
7. SEEVIUS TULLITTS,
Sixth King of the Romans— -B.C. 578-534.
captiva natus est. Quum in

Servius Tullius matre nobUi sed
Prisci educaretur, feruut prodigium visu eventuque
domo Tarquinii
tnirabile accidisse.Flammae species pueri dormientis caput am-
portendi mtel-
plexa Hoc viso, Tanaquil summam ei dignitatem
est.
non secus ac liberos suos educaret.
5 lexit, conjugique suasit, ut eum
Tc ^..f n»am ndnlAvit. fit fortitudins et consilio excelluit ;
quare o
quum Tarquinius occisus esset,
Tai^quinio gener asamuptus est; et
riRflT LATIN RRADKR. 143
Tanaqnil, celata ejus morie, populura ex superiort parte aciliiim

allocuta ait, regem, gravi quidem sed non letali viilnere acce[)to,
petere, iit interim, duiu convalesceret, Scrvio TiUlio dicto audientes 10
essent. Servius itaque iniperiuni adiniuistravit. Sahinos subegit;
niontes tres, Quirinalem, Viiiiinaleiu, Es(iuiliiuim, mbi adjuiixit;
muro lapideo urbein circumdedit. Idem censum ordinavit, et popu-
lum in classes et centurias distribuit.
Servius TuUius aliquod urbi decus addere voluit. Jam turn incly- 16
turn erat Dianae Ephesiae fauum. Id communiter a civitatibus
Asiae factum fama ferebat. Itaque Latinonnu populis suasit, ut et
ipsi Romae fanum Dianae cum populo Romano aedificarent. Quo
facto boa mirae magnitudinis cuidam Latino nata dicitur, et re-
sponsum somnio datum, eum populum summam imperii habiturum, 20
cujus civis bovem illam immolasset. Latinus bovem ad fanum
Dianae deduxit, et causam sacerdoti Romano exposuit. Sacerdos
eum debere prius vivo flumine manus abluere. Dura
callidus dixit,
Latinus ad Tiberim descendit, sacerdos bovem immolavit. Ita im-
perium civibus, sibi(pie gloriam, vindicavit. 25
Servius Tullius filiam alteram ferocera, mitem alteram habebat.
Duo quoque Tarquinii Prisci filii longe dispares moribus erant.
Tulliaferox Tarquinio miti nupserat; Tillia vero mitis Tarquinio
feroci : sed mites, seu forte, seu fraude, periernnt ; feroces similitudo
morum conjunxit. Tarquinius Superbus a Tullia statim incitatus, 30
advocato senatu, regnum paternum repetere coepit qua re audita
;
Servius, dum ad curiam contendit, jussu Tarquinii gradibus dejectus

et domum refugiens interfectus est. Tullia carpento invecta in
forum properavit, virura e curia evocavit, et regem prima appellavit
a quo jussa ex tanto tumultu decedere, quum domum rediret, jacen- t)r>
teraque Cyprio Vico Servium trucidatum videret, per patris corpus

carpentum egisse fertur. Inde vicus ille sceleratus dictus est. Ser-
vius TuJIius regnavit annos quatuor et quadraginta.
8. TARQUINIUS SUPEEBUS,
Seventh C7id last King of the Romans — b.c. 5.34-510.
Tarquinius Superbus regnum sceleste occupavit. Strenuus tamen

bello Latinos Sabinosque domuit. Urbem Gabios in potestatera
redegit fraude Sextifilii. Is quum indigne ferretj earn urbem a Metre
expugnari non posse, ad Gabinos se contulit. I'atris saevitiam in
se
iJf'
144 FTRST T.ATTN READER,
5 conquerens. Benigne a Gabinis exceptus, paullatim eomm bene-
volentiaiQ fictis blanditiis alliciendo dux belli electus est. Turn

e suis unuiu ad patrein inittit Bciscitatuin, quidnain se facere
vellet.
Pater nuntio filii uibil respondit, sed in liortum aedium transiit,
ibique inambulans, sequente nuntio, Buninia papaverum capita baculo

10 decusslt. Nuntius fessus exspectando redUt Gabios. Sextus ubi ex
tacitis ambagibus intellexit, quid vellet pater, primores civitatis in-
teremit. Romano sine uUa dimicatione traditur.

Sic res Gabina regi
Postea TarquiniuB Ardeam urbem oppugnavit. Ibi quum in cas-
Tarquinius CoUatinus, sorore regis natus, forte coena-
tris esscnt,
15 bat apud Sextum Tarquinium cum aliis juvenibus regiis. Incidit

de uxoribus mentio; quum unusquisque suam laudaret, placuit
experiri. Itaque citatis equis Romam avolant. Regias nurus in
Pergunt inde CoUatiam. Lucre-
convivio et luxu deprehendunt.
tiam CoUatini uxorem inter ancillas in lanificio inveniunt. Ea ergo
20 ceteris praestare judicatur. Paucis interjectis diebus Sextus CoUa-

tiam rediit, et Lucretiae vim attulit. Ilia postero die, advocatis
patre et conjuge, rem exposuit, et se cultro, quern sub veste ah-

ditum habebat, occldit. Conclamat vir paterque, et in exitiuu)
regum conjurant. Tarquiuio Romam redeunti clausae sunt
urbia
25 portae, et exsilium indictuni.
9. LUCIUS JUNIUS BRUTUS,

First Roman Consul — B.C. 509.
L. Junius Brutus, sorore Tarquinii Superbi natus,

quum eamdera
ûi obdivitias et pruden-
fortunam timeret, in quam frater inciderat,
fuerat ab avunculo occisus, stultitiam fiaxit, unde Brutus dictus

tiam
Profectus Delphos cum Tarquinii filiis, quos pater ad
ApoUinera
est.
5 muneribus honorandum miserat, baculo sambuceo aurum

inclusum
deinde mandatis patris, juvenes ApoUinera
Deo donum tulit. Peractis
Respon-
consuluerunt, quisnam ex ipsis Romae regnaturus esset.
Bum est, eum Romae summam potestatem habiturum, qui primus
matrem osculatus esset. Tunc Brutus, velut si casn prolapsus
terram osculatus est, scUicet quod ea communis
mater
10 cccidisset,
omnium mortalium esset.
Expulsis regibus duo consules creati sunt, L. Junius Brutus

et
rpoj-niiinins CoUatinuSj Lucretiae maritus. At libertas, modo parta,

Erant in juventuta
per dolum et proiiitiouem paene amissa est.
FinaT LATIN READER.
145
Romaua adolescentes aliquot godales
Tarquiniorum. Hi de acci- ifl
niiob in societatem coiisiln

agsiuuimt. Serinouem eonim ex
unu. excepit servia
rem
hUerae majiifeatum
;
a.i consules dcttUit.
faoitnis feoerunt.
Scriptue ad Ta'X" a
Proditores in vincurcl
Bunt, deinde damnati.
Stabant ad pdum deligati juvenr nob 20
'" ««'^«'"/':^«^«r« 8uam,mis8ique

v^2 e^r
v^gifl caedunt, secunque fermnt.
lictores nudatos
non spectator modo sed
Supplicii
et exactor era Brutus,
qui tunc patrem exuit,
utL«uIen 4e;et
Tarquimus deuide bello aperto regnum
recuperare tentavi EouV 25
ibu. pnêrat Aruns Tarquinii filius ; rex
cum legionL us fequo^
ipse'
batur Obviam hosti consules eunt.
Brutus ad exiôrandum cum
^m^bus antecessit. Aruns, ubi Bnitum agnovit, indammat^ ra^
Me est mr, mquit, qui nos patria expuHt;
^nngn^ly, magnifice mcedU. Tum
m
ille rmtri, decoratm
concitat calcaribus
m IP urn consulem dirigit; Brutus
"uumTaTq" 30
infestis ammis concurrerunt,
avide se certamini otfert.
ut ambo ha^ta transfixi
aL
cec derint
uga us est tamen Tarquinius.
Alter consul Romam t^m
red t.
> 1 s'
Bruticollegaefunus,quantopotuitapparatu,
matronae, ut parentem, annum
fecit. Brutum
luxe ant.
3^,
10. WAR WITH PORSENA.

Horatius Codes—b.o. 508.
Porsena, rex Etruscorum, ad
restituendos in regnum
cum infesto exercitu Romam venit. Tarauinios
Primo impetu JanTcdu"Tenft
Non mjquam alia,
ante tantus terror
Romanos'învaîtT exT^fin
urbem demigrant; urbem ipsam
sepiunt praesidiis Alia urEa^
hostibus dedi nisi unus vir fuisset Horatius Codes,
donatus, quod
,
m iUocognoS
aJio praelio oculum amiserat.
parte occupata,aciemhostium
Is extremaTnt^!
solus sustinuit,dnecp^^^^^^^^^
in iiDerim desUuit,
et multis superincidentibus
telis incolumis ml in
8U.S transnavit. Grata
erga
agn datum est, quantum uno
tantam virtutem dvitas uiV
^-' -'
eSum
^^"^
quoque ei in Comitio posita.
die .ir-an-j-ari
"
-"^-^""'^*" i'— «^. oîua
(W3)
10
146 FIRST LATIW KEADIBB.
Miicius Scaevola—B.o. 508.

Mucius vir Romanac constantiae
Quum Powena Romam obsideret,
petiit, necera regis repro-
senatum adiit, et veniam transfugiendi
potestate in castra Porscna^ vemt. Ibi in con-
mittens. Accepta
constitit Stipendmm tunc
fertissimaturbaprope regium tribunal
sedebat
scriba cum rege pan fere ornatu
6 forte miUtibus dabatur, et
scribara pro rege occldit. Appre-
Mucius ignorans uter esset rex
accenso ad sacrificmm foculo
hensus et ad regem pertractus dextram
caede peccasset. Attom-
iniecit, hoc supplicU ab ea
exigens, quod in
ab altaribus juss.t. Turn Mucins,
tus miâculo rex juvenem amoveri
-^mmZoytî^m, inquit, e.^ apud te
10 quasi beneficium reraunerans
mcipies, quod minis neqmsti;^ trecentx
lirtuti hmos, lenefido a me
R<muz7Uie, ut in te fuze vm gras^
conjuravimusprincipesjuventutis
Ceteri, mo qnisque tempore
aderunt.
aremur. Mea prima sors fuii :
beUum acceptis obsidibus deposuit.
Qua re Porsena territus
Cloelia Virgo— B.C. 508.
inter obsides accepit Quum

Porsena Cloeliam, virginem nobilem,
Cloe la
Etruscorura castra baud procul a ripa Tiberis locr.ta essent,
egressa, equo, quem sors dederat, arrepto,
deceptis custodibus noctu
Quod ubi regi nuntiatum est, primo lUe incensus u-a
Tiberim trajecit.
Cloeliam obsidem reposcendam.
Romam
5 Romam legates misit ad
restituerunt. Turn rex virginis virtutem admiratus
eam
ex foedere
obsidum donare se dixit, permisitque,ut ipsa,
eam laudavit, ac parte
e egit,
quos vellet, legeret. Productis obsidibus Cloeha virgines
sciebat, et cum us in patriam
quarum aetatem injuriae obnoxiam honoris,
Romani novam in femina virtutem novo genere
10 rediit.
fuit posita virgo
.umma Via Sacra
s?alua equestri, donavere.
In
insidens equo.
11. WAR WITH THE LATINS.

496.
Aulm Postumius-Battle of Lake Regaius-^.G.
Tusculanum, generura suum, con-
Tarquinius eiectus ad Mamilium
graviter urgeret, nova
fugerat. Qui quum, concitato Latio, Romanos
appellata est, major quam
Rorna^ dignitas creata, ^m^
Dictaiura
qui Dicta-
Consulatus. Tunc etiam creatus est Magister Eqmtum,
dictator factus cum hostibas apud
6 tori obsequeretur. A. Postumius
_ ... , ..__^;_:i. TTu: „,inm viffnrift nutaret. magisvof
jussit ut irrevocabili impetu ferren-

equitum equis fraenos detrahi
PIMT LATIN RKAT>KR.
U7
'* ^''"^ ^*^"'"™ ^"'^'"^"*' «* "^^'^
qMni,!^? ««P«"'r.t. Tar.
„ 10
12. MENENIUS AGEEPPA.

Secession to the Sacred
M<mnt~In.tituiion of the Tribuni
PUis-
B.c. 494.
Menenius A^ppa concordiam inter patres plebemque

restituit
tnbuta et mUitiam non tolciaret, Agrippa vir facundus ad plebem
f ertur. Humana olira membra adversiis ventrem, quum otiosiim esse fi

cernerent, d.cordarunt,
conspiraruntque, ne ad os man^ dbum^
rent, neu os acciperet datum,
neu dentes
conficerent. At. dum ventrem
domarevolunt,.psi quoque defecerunt,
totumque cois ad ex"^
mam tabem vemt. Inde appaniit, ventris
quoque baud segne mid^
'""'"' ""^'" "'" concoquere et per omn^mrb"
dlZre'S ,0
ironlt ^^' '^"^ ''.'' ^"'^"^ ^^^^^™"*- Sic
senatuB et popu-
lus quasi unmn corpus discordia pereunt,
concordia valent.
Hac fabula Menenius flexit
hominum mentes. Plebs in urbem
regressa est creavit tamen
; tribunos, qui libertatem
nobJi^tis superbiam defenderent.
suam Xû^
Paullo post mortuus est Men ! 15
mus, vir per omnem
vitam pariter patribus ac
plebi cams
m tanta paupertate decessit,
ut eum populusUatrûacilS
Is tamen
eepeliret, locum sepulcro

1'^^^'^^'>"8
senatus publice daret
'
13. THE DECEMVIEL
B.C. 451-449.
Anno trecentesimo ab urbe condita :)ro duobu,s consulibus
^n creati sunt,
Decem-
qui allata. e Graecia leges
Hae leges duodecim tabulis sunt
populo P^Poêwnt.
propon el
perscriptae
^^^'^^"^ ^'^^^'^"^ ^^^--t;

quarouum'Zt"' ^r^f'"''^'"''
eperauB, quum ipse esset

et accusator ft judex.
puellae pater, tunc aberat milif!«a .ono„
L Virmius
niL- .•_.._.. \'^f'^'^»
enti in forum (ib; namque m tabemis ludi litterarum erant)
injecit
IT"
148 FIBST LATIN RRADETt
esse servam ; earn Beqm bo jubet m faîat,

10 manura, affirnmns suam
;
abstracturum. Pavida pueUa stupente, ad

m'natu; Be cuncUntem vi
Claudius, qumu imellam uon posset
clamorcm nutricis fit concursus.
viabduccrc,vocatinjusipsoAppiojudico.
Virgininm properaut. Is prima luce
luterea missi nuntii ad
staret.
quum jam civitas in foro crecta expectatione
16 Roiuam advcnit,
lacrimabundus, et civium opem nuplorans
VirKiuius statim in forum
Appius obstinato animo in tribunal escend^t
filiam suam deducit.
addixit. Tum pater, ubi mhd usquanx
!
et Virginiam clienti buo
auxUii vidit: Quaeso, m^^, ^PPh i^'^''JJ''''^\'^'^r {."^Z 7^
Data vonia, fiham seducit, aûe ex
20 Jlliam vltinvuM alloqrcL
pectus puellae transfigit Turn ferro
•taberna lanionis cultro arrepto,
exercitum profugit Concita-
respersus cruore ad
Bibi viam facit, et
occupavit; decern tnbunos mdi-
tus exerctus montem
Aventinum
eosquo
magistratu se abdicare coegit ;
t^m crS; decemvia«
Appius Claudius m carccrem
25 Tnes ^morte aut exilio mulcavit.
conjectus mortem sibi conscivit.
U. MARCUS FUMUS CAHIllOS.

the OmO,-
ne &hootmmUr of Fda-ii-Rom takm by
B.o. 390.
1:^
'
oteidcrct, ludi magUtoi

Onum M
Furius CamiUus iirbem Falerios
pueros, velut ambulandi gratia eductos
riSo et nobilissimos hide
tr^. .., non
en^
perduxit; quibus Camfflo
ta ZmEomanorum dcditun essent
sese Eomanis
Ltarquin FalUoi dcposito bello Nmad nmJ^tm,
Kâ clS perfidiam proditoris detestatus:
't lui. sicut pads, Jura:
arma «««.,«»
^li?^«^ ir»«'
quam armis victi, portas Romanis aperuemnt.

.^^âtus
PIRaT LATTN RKADER. 149 :il
Romania auxilitim poticmnt. Missi sunt Roma tres legati,

qui
Gallos monerent, ut ab oppugnatione
desisterent. Ex his legatia
unus contra jus gentium in aciem proccssit,
et ducem Senonura 20
interfecit. Quacommoti Galli, petitis in deditionem legatis nee
re
impetratis, ad urbcm vencnint, et exercitum
Romanuni apud AUiam
fluvium cecidcrunt ante diem deciraum quintum
Calendas Sextiles j
qui dies inter nefastos relatus Alliensis dictus
est.
1
Galli victores paullo ante solis occasum 'if J
ad urbera Romam per-
25
veniunt. Postquam hostes adesse nuntiatum est juventus Romana
duce Manlio in arcem confugit seniores vero
; domes ingressi ad-
ventum Gallorum obstinato ad mortem animo
exspectabant. Qui
eorum curules magistratus gesserant, omati honorum
insignibus in
vestibulia aedium eburneis sellis insederunt, ut, quum venisset hostis, 30
sua dignitate morerenti"-. Interim Galli,
111
domos patentes ingressi,
vident viros ornatu et vuuus majestate
Dils simmimos. Quum Galli
ad eos, veluti ad simulacra, conversi starent,
unus ex his senibna
dicitur Gallo barbam suam permulcenti scipionem ebumeum in caput
mcussisse. Iratus Gallus eum occidit ab co caedis
; initio facto, ceteri Qr,
omnes m sedibus suis trucidati sunt.
Galli deinde impetum facere in arcem statuunt. Primo mUitcm,
qui tentaret viam, praemiserunt.
Tum nocte sublustri, sublevantes *
invicem et trahentes alii alios, in summum saxum evaserunt, tanto

sdentio, utnon solum custodes fallerent, sed ne canes
quidem excita- 40
rent. Anseres non fefellere, quibus in summa inopia
Romani abstinu-
want, quia aves erant Junoni sacrae
quae res Romania saluti fuit.
;
Namque clangore anserum alarumque crepitu excitus

Manlius, vir
bello egregiue, ceteros ad arma vocans Galloa ascendentea dejecit.
Tunc consenau omnium placuit ab exsilio
_ Camillura acciri; misai 46
igitur ad eum legati, ipseque
dictator absena creatus est. Interim
fames utrumque exercitum urgebat
; sed ne Galli putarent, Romanos
ea necessitate ad deditionem cogi,
multis locis de Capitolio panis
jactatus est m
hostium stationes. Ad postremum, Galli
quoque ob-
sidione fatigati pretio mille
pondo auri adducti sunt, ut obsidionem
60
relinquerent. Nondum omni auro appenso, Camillus dictator, col-
lectia Romani exercitus
reliquiis, intervenit ; auferri aurura
de medio
jubet, denuntiatqua Gallia,
ut se ad proelium expediant. Instructa
demde acie Gallos internecione occidit.
Ne nuntius quidem cladis
rehctus est. Dictator, recuperata ex hostibus patria,
triumphans 66
urbem Uigrcssus, et ss mllitibus parens
patriae conditwgue aLur
urbis appellatufl est.
APPENDIX.
OF SIMPLE
BRIEF SYNOPSIS OF THE SYNTAX
SENTENCES.
I, SUBJECT AND PREDICATE.

AGREKMKNT.
participle, or adjective
1 Wetit -An adjective (whether pronoun,
as
its own substantive
in gender, number, and case:
orLrTaêes with
'^ two or more singular substahtivea

ott WhfraT^dSSe applies
co-ordinative conjunction
atque,
to
[et, a«, &c. it la
coiSed by a .
number; as. Pater et fiUus sunt clan, Ih.

pufrthe plural
father and son are famous. , ^ • e dif-
A-.r
of
applies to two or more substantives
Obs. i When an adjective substantive
ferent gender , it takes the
gender of the masculme
rather than
feminine, and of the feminine
rather than that of the
mater pucUae sunt morttn.
nf the neuter Pater et :
names of inanimate
n £OT<to».-But when the substantives are
is put in the neuter;
as, nrtus et mHun.
olTecCthe adjective
other.
i
inter se contraria mnt,
Virtue and vice are opposed to each
Obs. 3 But r
adjective often agrees with the substantive nearest
abeunt : or it is repeated before
Pater mem et mater
to itTas,
pich •
as.Pater mens et mater m£a abeunt.
in number and person as,
2 Rui^-A revh agrees with its subject :
nti a Pl-al, two or more singular

^Cl Si-e tw"
BuWecteronnectedbyaco-ordinativeconjunction(eâo,a«?«*,&c.^
Pater etfiUv. ambvlant vn h^to
have a veTin the plural as, ;
^Sl
^thTsuSect
-But in a series of nominatives the verb
nearest to it; as, Amat te
of ->n agrees with
pater, et^,.^ etfratr^
of different persons, the verb is put i° the first

Obs. 2 If the subjects be
second, and in
'•person rather than in the ^^^^^^^^^t^^^^'clî^
esUs ^^^^.
as, Ego et tu sumus
amici; Tu et Ma
in the third :
eyo et Cicero valemus, If

you and Tuilia
Si tu et TuUia valetis,
aio y^ e"-
are weii, Uicero and I -
predicates.
THE CASES. 157
Ob9. 3. A collective noun, or a distributive pionoun, may
have a verb
in the plural: as, Turba ruunt,
The mob rush forward Uteraue :
^meductmt capias ex castm, Each of them {i.e., both) leads

his forces out of the camp Decimtu, quisque ad supplicium lecU
;
sunt, Jivery tenth man was selected

for punishment.
APP08ITI0M.
3. Rule. -Substantives which stand in
apposition* to one another
aicree in case as, Cicero, orator, jiusm
: AntonU occum est, Cicero the
tortnthum, urbem Oraeaae nobUissimam,

Mummius destroyed Corixith ' a
very famous city of Greece,
Oba. 1. The same rule applies when the second
substantive
is used as a
predicate as Alexander erat rex Macedonum,
:
Alexander was
king of the Macedonians Ilia incedit regina, She walks (as)
;
a
queen. This kind of apposition occurs
with (1) Scbstantivb
Verbs, (as, mm, existo); (2) Passive
Verbs of naming and
CHOOSING, (as, nominor, creor)
; (3) Veebs of eseming or
BEING THOUGHT, (as, videor, existimor); (4) Verbs of gesture.'
\as,mcedo.)
Oba. 2. A noun in apposition to two or more nouns is usually in tLe
plural :
as, M. Antonius, C. Crassus, tyibuni pkbis, M. Antony
and 0. Crassus, tribunes of the people
; Cnîus et PuUius
^ctpiones, Cueius and Publius Scipio.
Oba. 3 If the substantive in apposition
have two forms (masculine and
teminine), generally assumes the gender of the
it
noun explained •
&s, Leo, rex bestiarum, Tlie lion, king of

beasts ; AquUa,* regim
v "*
avium, The eagle, king of birds.
n. THE CASEa
NOMlnATIVE AND VOCATIVE.
4. The nominative
used to express the subject of the sentence,
is
or the
substantival' predicate. (See Art. 2 and 3 above.
5. The vocative is used in
expressions oi address; as, Fili, son but I
the nominative often takes the place of
the vocative, even in address.
ACCUSATIVE.
6. The
accusative expresses the direct object of the
action indicated by
a transitive verb. It answers to the questions,
] What ? To what Whom
place ? During what time ? &c.
RoLE.-Transitive verbs govemf the accusative
7.
; as, Pater amat
fihum sujim. The father loves his son. [But many
transitive verbs govern
"' ^"^^^*'^^«' S^« ^'^- 16, (5); 17, (2), (a); 19, (c);
19 fl"]' (2),
t Sue tiulc3 * niui t, p. ZO.

152 APPENDIX.
8. Any verb, whether it be transitive or intransitive, may govern in

the accusative a substantive of kindred signification : as, Vivere beatam
vitam, To live a happy life Puf/nare pugnam, To fight a battle,
;
9. The accusative is used after certain prepositions ; for which see
I p. 101, 5.
10. Many intransitive verbs of motion, when compounded with the pre-
positions, trans, circum, per, super, praeter, ad, cum, in, subter, become
transitive, and thus take an accusative ; as, Transire flumen, To cross a
river. [But some of these compounds, as supervenio and subeo, occasion-
ally take the dative.]
11. Many verbs are followed by two accusatives, the one expressing the
person, the other the thing. Such are verbs of asking,* entreating, teach-
ing, concealing, &c. as, Filius patrem nihil celavit, The son concealed
:
i) nothing from his father ; Hoc te rogo, I beg this of you. Also transitive
verbs compounded with trans; as, Transducere capias flumen, To lead
forces over a river. But the preposition is often repeated before the
accusative.
12. An accusative is often put after intransitive verbs, passive forms,
and adjectives, to define them and limit their application. This is called
the accusative of reference or limitation ; it is very common in poetry,
less so in prose, especially in the case of intransitive verbs and adjectives :
as, Rogor sententiam, I am asked my opinion'; Qui gentis {&cc.) estisi Who
are to descent ? Saucius pedes. Maimed in the feet.
you as
13. After verbs expressing or implying motion, the names of towns and
small islands, with domus, rus, and such terms, are put in the accusative,
to indicate the point to which; as, Contendit Romam, He hastens to Rome
Misit legatos Athenas, He sent ambassadors to Athens ; Rediit domum.
He returned home. [But with the names of countries and large islands a
preposition is used.]
14. The accusative expresses duration of time and extent of space : as,
Viginti annos mansit, He remained for twenty years ; Duxitfossam tri-
ginta pedes altam, He ran a ditch of thirty feet deep.
15. The accusative is used in exclamations, either with or
without an
interjection as, Me miserumi (or
;
me miserumi) Wretched me lieu !
'
me infelicem/ Ah, luckless me !
THE GENITIVK,
16. The genitive case answers to the questions, Whose 1 Of whom 1 Of

what ] used to indicate,
It is
(1.) The author or possessor : as, Ciceronis filius, Cicero's son ; Agricolae
hortus, The farmer's garden.
(2.) The part, duty, or characteristic, (with sum) as. Est regii ad-
:
,11;
ministrare leges, It is the king's duty to execute the laws ; Stulti

est irae servire, It is the mark of a fool to be a slave to passion.
But the possessive pronouns meum, tuum, &c., are used in the
nomthative singular neuter ; as, Meum est, It is my duty.
* Peto, poitvlo, and quaero take the ablative with a preposition, (at. de, ex.)
THE CASES. 153
(3.) The whole of which anything
is a part {partitive genitive);
as,
Magna vis hominum, A
great multitude of men ; Tria mUlia
equitum, Three thousand cavalry
see
; Mvltum pecuniae, Much
money ; Quis nostruinf Which (one) of us 1 Doctmimus
iJmon-
orum : Ubi terrarum? In what part of the earth
(4.)
?
The quality, nature, extent, &c.; but in these cases U
it is accom-
panied by an adj. as, Puer magni ingenu, A
: boy of great talent
Classis ducentarum navium, A fleet of two hundred ships
(5.) The object of mental affectiarui, (a) after adjectives denoting' know- II
ledge, memory, certainty, inclination to, patience, and their oppo-
Ignarusmali, Ignorant of misfortune Memor
Bites: as,
beneficii. ;
Mindful of afavour ; Avidua gloriae, Desirous of fame

Amantior ;
virtuiis, A greater lover of virtue: (6) after verba signifying to

remember,* pity, forget, &c., and certain impersonal
verbs, (see
p. 98, 9 as, Meminit malorum praeteritorum.
:)
He remembers
past misfortunes ; Miserere servorum. Have pity on the slaves •
'
Taedet me vitae, I am weary of life.
'6.) The object after adjectives expressing plenty, f power, participation,
Itkeness,^ and their opposites : as, Plenus sapientiae, Full
of
wisdom Inops rationis. Devoid of reason Similis patris,
;
; Like
his father (in nature, disposition, &c.)
(7.) The price or value (in a general way), in the caê
of such adjectives
as magnus, plurimus, plus, minor, &c.
: as, A varus divitiat
magm
aestimat, The avaricious man seta a great
value on riches-
Pravum minimi habeo, I have the very lowest opinion of
the
wicked man. [If a substantive is used to indicate
the price, it
is put in the ablative and even with these adjectives the abla-
;
tive is often used. See Art. 19, (5.)]

(8.) The crime or ground of acmsation : as, Pwrum furti
arguit, He
accused the boy of theft ; Judices civem proditionis
damnaverunt.
The judges condemned the citizen of treason.
(9.) Pla<;e where, in nouns of the First or
Second Declension, and
singular number; as, Vivebat Romae, He
lived at Rome. [For
the theory which regards this as the dative, see
Schmitz's Ad-
vanced Latin Grammar, § 268.]
THE DATIVE.
17. The dative case denotes,
(1.) The individual (person or thing) to whom anything is given or
communicated as, Dedit librum puero. He gave a book to
:
the
boy Lcgati nunciant Caesari, The lieutenants report
;
to Caesar.
(2.) The individual who is benefited or injured in any way as, Avarm :
non sed aliis divitias parat ; Pastor insidias lupo parat.

sibi
The shepherd lays snares for the wolf; Vaco philosophiae, I have
leisure for (the study of) philosophy ; Monstravit
viam agricolae,
He pointed out the road to the farmer.
Ver^5 sigiiifi-hig to remmnbcr ami forget also take the accusative,
t A(yective8 of plenty and want also take the ablative.
t Adjectives of likeness and unlikeuess also take the dative.
See Art. 17, 2, C3i)
154 APPENDIX.
B,-Th\s " advantage or disadvantaRe is a very

principle of
ia) N-
general one, and to it may be referred by far the greater number
dative occurs. It ia more especially
of instances in which the
study, consult for, help,
manifest in verbs which signify (1) to
to Hatter, please, displease;
profit, favour, heal, spare, indulge: (2)
serve, obey, be anirry with, upbraid ; resist,
disobey; envy,
trust, marry (ot the
obstruct, hurt (8) to meet, congratulate,
:
female, nu6cre), persuade, command/

friendly, just, useful, profitable, suit-
(6) So adjectives such as (1)
unprofitable, unnecessary &c.
able,T necessary, &c. ; (2) hostile,
external8,-See Art. 16, 6,) equal, related
(3) near to, like, (in
to, &c. ,
govern the dative.
prepositions, ad, ante—tn,
(c) Most verbs compounded with the ten
inter-post, prM-sub, super-con, (i.e.,
cum,) and ob, (and
as ab, ctrcum,
many verbs compounded with other prepositions,
de, ex, (re), &c.,) take the dative of
the person or thing affected ;
as. Terrorem hostibua injccit,

He caused a panic among the
tgnotos notis, He prefers the unknown to the
enemy Antefert
;
as, Est mihi liber,

{d) Tht dative sometimes expresses the possessor ;
I hive a book. rr is frJv*.
v,
oe, give,
(e) Two datives are sometimes used after the verbs, io
impute,^ &c.-the one expressing the person bene-
come, send,
fited, and the other the object,
end, or result of the action as, :
pleasure to me Caesar tres

Est mihi voluptati. It is a source of ;
cohortes mtsit auxilio novmimis,

Caesar sent three cohorts to
aid (K«era//»/, for aid to) the rear-guard. , , ,, ..,
verbs to denote the principal

(3 ) The dative is often used after passive
or ab; as, Noii. vutelUgUur
agent, instead of the ablative with a
ulli, (= ab tUlo.)
THE ABLATIVE.
relations which in
18.The ablative ia used in Latin to express those
prepositions, from, with, m, by, at, &c.
English we indicate by the
19. It denotes,— -.1,1
with zeal.
(1 ) The cause or reason ; as, Ardeo studio, I burn
Necat hoslem ense,Re
(2.) The instrummt, meam, or material : as,
slays the enemy with a sword
Mundus sok illustratur, The
;
illuminated by the sun Vivunt la^te et

came, They live
world is ;
on milk and flesh.
Under this head come the adjectives, contentus, natus, ortu3,

(a)
&c.
accusati%e,
• But>«w, laedo, delecto, offendo, regojnbeo, and gubemo, govern the
with the dative.
and ewme of the above list take the accusative
or unfitness more frequently take
the accusative, with
t tiuUhoVe denoting fitness
ad tnsidias, A place fittea ror an ambush.
ad as, Locus aptus J.>. duco, trtbuo,
, ê verbs most
commonly followed by a double dative arc, su.n,
ImUco.
aeno, aoctj»o, re/t««uo, deligo.mtito, vtnw,
\\ I
THK CASES. 155
(ft) If the agent be a person, the
preiosition a or ab is used as. :
Afwndu» a Deo regitur, The world is
certior factm ett ab exploratoribus,
ruled by God ; Caaar "i
Caesar is certified by scouts.
Sometimes the accusative with per or propter;
as, Per te liber-
atus rum, I was freed by your means,
(c) The deponent verbs utor, abutor, fruor, fuvgor,
potior* and
rcacor, govern the ablative: as,
Utitur fraude, He employs de-
ceit; Fwngitv.r offieiia, He performs
his duties. [These are
instances of the "cause,
manner, or instrument "]
/o X ml"^^^
The mode or manner: as. Fecit suo more, He
(3.)
did it in his own
way Hoc modo scripsi, I wrote in this way.
;
(4.) Supply, with verbs and adjectives signifying

plenty, abundance,
tiling, emptying, &c. as, Germania fiuminibus abmdat,
:
Ger-
many abounds in rivers; Caret omni culpa, He is free
from eveiy
fault Eget pecunia, He is in need of
; money Plenut ira. Full ;
of wrath Praeditm est virtute. He is endowed

; with virtue'
(S.) Price, with verbs of buying, selling, valuing, hiring,
&c. ; also'with
the adjectives, dignus, indignus: as, Patriam
auro vendidit
He sold his country for gold ; Dig7ius laude,> Worthy of V
praise
a'se.
But see above. Art. 16, (7.) ^
(6.) Limitation, expressed in English by as to, in

regard to &c • as
Aeger pedibus. Diseased in (as to) his feet
; Captus oadit'.
Blind ; Gallus natione, A
Gaul by birth ; Major natu, Older
(by birth); Pietate filius. In affection a son.
(7.) Separatism, after verbs of removing, freeing,
depriving &c • as
Caesar castra loco movit, Caesar shifted his camp
from the place'
(8.) Quality, when conjc ined with an adjective
as, Vir : fuit summo in-
ffenio. He was a min of consummate talent; Statura fwit humili'
He was of low sta'.ure. [But see 16, (4.)]
(9.) Measure, with con.paratives and superlatives to
express excess or
defect ; as, Mulco major, Much greater.
(10.) Superiority cr inferiority, with comparatives to
express the ob-
ject with which comparison is instituted
as, Major patre :
Greater than his father ; Filia ptUchrior matre, A

daughter more
beautiful than her mother.
<11.) Tiine when : as, Trecentesimo anno, In the three hundredth
year- '
Quinto die, On tlie fifth day.
(12.) (a) Place whence; as, Profectus est Corintho,
He set out from
Corinth (6) Place where, if the noun be of the
:
Third Declen-
Bion or plural number as, Mortuus est
Carthagine, He died
:
at Carthage; Vivebat Athenis, He lived at

Athens. FBut see '•
16, (9.)]
(13.) The ablative is used with certain prepositions; for which
see
p. 101, 5, (2.)
(14.) The ablative is used with certain verbs compounded with the prepo-
sitions, a, ab, de, e, kc; as, Abesse domo. To be away from home
—
15G ArrEiTDix.
III.-lNFINmVK MOOn, ETC.

20. Iho infinitiva mood is a kind of verbal substantive, and is used M
such,
(1.) As the tubject of a sentence ; as, Ilumanum est errare, It is natural
to man to err, (— error.)
(2.) As the object completing the imperfect ideas expressed by verbs
such as to wish, to be Me, to be accustomed, to begin, cease; to
teach, order, forbid; to hasten, &c as, Cupio discere, I desire
:
to learn, (= learning.)
21. Observe that a purpose is not expressed in Latin
by the infinitive,
Venit ut
but by the subjunctive with a conjunction, ut, quo, &c.; as,
^1
discat. He comes to learn, {i.e., for the purpose of learning.)
22. The infinitive is often used in animated narrative
aa an indicative.
This is called the Historical Infinitive.
PAUTICirLE.
participle is an adjective, and, like the adjective, agrees

with its
23. The
substantive in gender, number, and case ; as, Fuerum ludentem
vtdi, I
saw the boy playing.

24. The perfect participle passive is, by an inversion
of syntax, often
equivalent to a substantive as, Aburbe condita. From the
-.
foundation of
captas. After
the city, {i.e., from the city being founded;) Post Atlunaa
the capture of Athens.
25. The future participle passive, or gerundive,
implies that an action
ought or must be done, or d( serves to be done. When the person
is indicated,
it isexpressed in the dative as, Moriendum est omnibus. All must die.
;
GERUND.
26. The gerund is a regular noun, and its cases
are treated accordingly ;
as, Ars scribendi est utilis, The art of

writing is useful ; Charta utUia
scribendo, Paper useful for writing.
*
SUPINES.
27.The supine in -um is used with verbs implying motion, to express

the dengn of the motion ; as,Misit legatos rogatum auxaium, He sent
ambassadors to ask help.
in -u is simply an ablative of limv tion, (see Art. 19,
o,
28 The supine
above :) as, Mirabile dictu, Wonderful to tell, {i.e., as to teUing ;) Lulce
*
gustatu, Pleasant in (as to) taste.
tlie same case as their

29 Participles, gerunds, and supines govern
scrihendi epistolas,
verbs: as, A mans virtutem, Loving virtue; Usus
Th*- practice of writing letters ; Rogatum
auxHium, To aek aid.
NOTES ON THE EXTRACTS.
FABLES OF PHAEDRUS.
'^ ^^'^ application or "moral" of the Fable,

^^Z?^^ '^1 had better ba
omitted ff
thewfirst mstance, and the substance of them
imparted to the pupils bv
the teacher, viva voce. They have therefore
been enclosed in brackets In the text
1. THE MULES AND THE ROBBERS

Line
1. Ibant, "were journeying," imperf. indie,
of eo, p. 82. 8 oar
Sar-
cints. See p. 154, 18 and 19, (1), (2). 8
2. Unut, soil, mulua. See p. 35. § Ferebat. See p. 84.
Tumentet, from tumeng, pres. part, of tumeo.
/ wf^w*?^®/' ^
'^"'')-
^\h
See p. 42. % Onere, m. of <mus.
J<rl\
p. 154, 18
5^?'^f
and o
19, (1), (2). § Cervke, from cervix.
See
See p 165 (3)
5. Clarum, "clear-sounding."
§ CoUo. See p. 154, 18 and 19, (1) (2)
6. Comes, ''fellow-traveller;'' but
«oa«a, a "partner," as in business!
fe iiequitur, from sequor, declined like loquor, p. 74. § (Jradu. See
p. 155, (3).
"during," "in the midst of."
8. Inter,
10. Spoliatus, scil. mulus, "the plundered
mule."
11. iTiquit. See p. 96, 4.
12. Amm,perf. indie, act. of amUto,
§ Laaius, perf. part, pass, of
Utedo. § Vulnere, from vulnus.
13. Hoc argummto, " by this fable," " analogy,' " iUustration."
§ Hominum tmuitas, literally, "the littleness of men:" i.e., "humble
men," "men of low degree."
2. THE FROGS ASKING A KING.

LiNB 1. For the ciraumsts^vces of Athens at the time to
which this fable
applies, see Dr. Schmitz's "Ancient History," p. 186 and p. 191
°°"^-
P^'"''- ^^ pres.
>'<^9ans, part, of vayor.
i ;o^"?T'f*' Sê pp. 72
and 16. § Liêris paludibus, "marshes of freedom," i.e., marshes where
tliey enjoyed freedom ; as we say, "a free
country."
11. Pe«tcre contracted for
ijcitverc, from pe<o. § Jove. See p. 34.
12. Qwt See p. 44, 14. § Alores, from moa.
§ Ft. See p. 34.
* • — »"- z -!-'c«tt, iuui !*y.
twrijim
108 APPENDIX.
16. //'yr, Mil. tigUlum.

17. Una, soil. rana. So Ulae, Bcil, ranae, in line 19.
21. Inquinassent, contracted for inquinavigterU.
22. Roganta, plur. of rogans, pres. part, of rogo. % Mi»ere, perf. Indlc.
of mitto. ,
23. ImUilia, scil. rex, "he was a useless kir<r. who had been given.
24. Mitit, from mitto. § 2><n<c, from rfcn«.
27. Mandata ad Javem, "a commission for Jupiter;" i.e., to prefer
their request to Jupiter.
80. Ait. See p. 96, 3. § Majua, of next line, from major.
I. THE JACKDAW AND THE PEACOCKS.

Lim 4. Tumms, pres. part, of <wm«).
6. Pavoni. See p. 153, 17, (2). .
6. Seqtie: the conjunction -que, "and,"

never stands alone, but n
contemno.
always attached to another word. § Contemnens, pres. part, of
" his own friends," or " kind."
§ Suos, soil, amicot,
7. Oregi, from prea;, is the dat.
depending, along with ae, on immiacuit.
Seep. 151, 6, and 153, 17, (1). So also avi, in the next line, depends,
along with pennat, on cripiunt. ^^
11. Triatem, &c.,

" sustained (or suffered) a sad raark-of-disgrace.
"said." Deapexerat, from despich.
12! Quidam: supply dixit, §
13. Contentua, perf. part, of contineo.

14. Pa<», pres. inf. of patior.
15. iVec,
" neither." § Expertus, from arpmor ; " Neither would yon
have experienced (as you have done) nor would you in your distress
See line 13,
be Tiow feeling,'*—literally, "your calamity," or
distress.
tenuea hominea.
Fable 1, (with note,) where tenuitaa hominum is used for
4. THE WOLF AND THE LAMB.

LinB 1. Eundem, from idem, p. 43. § Venerant. See p. 150, 2,
2.'
SUi. See p. 19, note *, 1. § Stabat, from atd. % Superior, "higher
"
up" the stream. So inferior, in next line, further down."
8. /mprMa, literally, "not
upright;" hence, " seeking more than one a
own;'* and hence, "greedy," as here.
4. IntuUt, from infero.
6. Laniger, "the wool-bearer;" i.e., the lamb. § Contra, said m
reply."
7. The order is, Quaeso (I pray), Lupe, qui (how) poaatim facere quod
querent f
9. Viribua, abl. plur. of via. See p. 34.
Ante hosaex mmses, i.e., " six months ago." § Male is separated
10.
from dixisti : it may be in one word, maledixisti, from
maledico.
18. Correptum lacerat, "tears him when

seized;" i.«,, " seises and tears
him."
"
NOTES ON THE RXTRACT8.

159
«. THE DOO AND THE PIECE OF FLESH.

LiWR 2. Per, "over," "across." § Carnem,
from caro.
8.In »peaUo, &c., "in the mirror of the water."
Aliam. See p. 35, 8.
4.
6. Avidita, "his greedinesHi"
i.e.. "the greeily dog :" at in
» ^ » »• 3. 16
io, tua
iwfl
culamttat: and tenuitat, in 1, 13. *»,
7. Potuit, from posaum. See p. 80.
e. THE COW. THE SHE-GOAT, THE SHEEP, AND THE

LION.
LlNTi 3. Pa^terw truuna«, "endurant of wrong,"
"patient under injus-
tice. PcUteru, pres. part, of potior.
4. Socii. See note 6, Fab. 1.
6. Locutua cat, perf. indie, otloquor,
7. Primam, soil, partem, "the first share."
9 Terita, "the third (part) will follow me;" i.e., will be assigned
me.
10 5t 9M«, (see p. 44, 12, ast part of paragraph,) "
whoever shall have
touched the fourth, will be visited with evil." §
Tetigerit, from tango
11. Here again tmprobitaa, an abstract subst., is
used, where we should
expect tmprobua, a concrete. Insttad of " the
greedy lion " we have " his
greediness." § Sola, " alone," is used as
equal to " for himself, " " or for
itselx.
7. THE FROGS AND THE SUN.

Line 1. Cdebrea, "crowded;" i.e., with visitors
8. Uxoremducere, "to marry;" i.e., to lead a bride to
her new home.
§ Qwndam, " once upon a time."
L SmtvXere,ivomtoUo % Sidera, ivom aidua. So of anything
loud we say, "It reached the stars." » high
«•«« or
6. Convido here means "the tumultuous

noise of voices."
9. Crearit, contracted for creaverit, from
creo.
8. THE ASS AND THE LION HUNTINO.

Line 3 Comite: at first sight, we might expect
socio here: but the ass
was hardly a aociua m the chase, since he took
no part in the actual
4. Contexit, from contego. § Frutice, froji frutex; equal to fruticeto

6. bupply ut before exciperet. § Ipse refers to the
lion.
7. Viribus, abl. plur. of vis. See p. 34.
9 Quae is equal to et eae: translate, " And when {dum) they seek "
" ^'^"^ *'' *' ""' *'*"'^**^' "^"'^ ^^^'^ (postquam) he was
wearied"*
12. Prmcre rocm. " to still his voice;" i.e., to cease brayine. fi Insc
tciis, lii a conceited way. - - -
160 APPENDIX.
8. THE 8TA0 AT THE FOUNTAIN.

Link 8. Reatitit, from resisto.
6. Crurum, from crus.
7. Venantum, gen. plur. of pres. part, of venor.
9. Elnait, from eludo.
14. The order of the words is, Qaam utilia (ea)fwrivt mihi, quai
lespcxeram: et quantum luctua (ea) haMierint, quae lauddram.
10. THE FOX AND THE CROW.

LiNH 4. Comem, inf. of comedo. § Ccha arborc, "on the top of <i
tree;" literally, "a high tree,"

Qui is equal to qualii, " how great " " how remarkable t"
!
6.
8. Nidla ales, " no winged creature."
12. Stupor corvi, " the stupidity of the crow;" i.e., "the stupid
crow,"
11. THE ASS AND THE OLD MAN.

LiNB 6. Suadebat asino. See p. 154, {a), (3). § Ne is equal to tit nan.
7. Ilk, i.e., the ass. § Lcntus, "at liia ease," "taking it easy."
§ Binas, "two pair (one) at each side." He had one pair already.
9. RefeH. See p. 98, 9, (1), with note.
10. Cui depends on serviam,
" whom I serve." See p. 164, (a), (2).
12. THE UNGRATEFUL DOG.

Line Parturiena, from parturio. Verbs ending in -urio signify the
3.
desire to dowhat the verb indicates. So eaurio, "to desire to eat;*' i.e.,
"to be hungry." They are called Desidbrative Verbi.
6. Repoacenti, "to her demanding back."
8. Hoc, soil, tempore, "this time."
9. Mihi and turbae depend on par. See p. 154, (6), (3).
10. 'Loco. See p. 155, (12.) (a).
13. THE DOGS AND THE HIDE.

Line 4. Comeaae. See comedo in Vocab.
8.Friua is to be joined to quam of next line, "before that," "ere."
14. THE AGED LION, THE BOAR, THE BULL, AND THE ASS.
Link 3. Annis depends on defectua. See p. 154, 19, (1), (2). § Virihus.
See p. 155, (4). Vinhua, from via.
4. Trahens, "dragging out;" i.e., drawing with difficulty.
6. Veterem, from vetus.
8. Hoati/e corpua, " the body of his enemy."
9. Caicious. See caix. § ixtudit, from extundo.
161
10. Iniigne tuli, " I have taken it ill (or
amiss)."
11. Mthi depends on insultare. See
p. 154, (a) (2)
12. The order is, C'erte videor mori bis, quod
naturae (a disgrace to nature).
cog'or ferre te
'
"'^'^
dederm
16. THE WEASEL AND THE MAN.

quai
LiNB Begin with quum, whicn, nronerlv 8npaUin<r n,,„i,*
1. * • l
duce the clause. '
§ //on^.V. depends ^nâft'^LTSfii) ' "
^.
ATtAt depends on parce. See p. 154, (o), (1)
''*" ^'^^' ''' P' ^^^^ 17, (2); and on m«n6...
p. 156 (45*an "(7).'*" f:
p of 1 "
6. (?ra/wm emt, it would be a favour." 8 '^WPCtet; " to you
" ^ Suvvlici. * sui^
vn,. a ».
pliant;" i.e., you entreating me."
6. -R€î?Mm depends on /r«am. See p. 165 (c)
crow. "' ''^''-

^^ «"PP'^ «*' " -"d
§ Ipsos, i.e., mum, l^^^
aZnl" 't/«'r-
ml;
may devour. that you
" the mice themselves "
;^!"."^J"°«t- impute;" t.«., "don't for a
thL^fl^Sr-'
think of imputing. This is a very strong way of
moment
expressing a command
''^''''"''' "*'' ''^'°"^^* "^^^^•"
utnon. -puttdeS/' §^"^^"'X
easy."
IC. THE FAITHFUL DOG.
Link 4. The order is, Tentans an posset capi cibo objecto.
(2). 6. Ac, equal to ut mm : tranalate, "So that I may not bark for (in de-
fence of) my master's property." ^ '®^
7. /8<a, " that of yours." See p.

43, 6.
nify the
17. THE FROG AND THE OX.
viit
[''^'^'^- ^'^ '''''P^ ^ Vo«*t.. § B<yvem. See p. 33, sect.
^°'" *•"•' *^^' ^^^ ^« "°t broader than the

7. oZZT/l'"^'^
7 (ûaesivit, from quaero.
" ox.
8. Bovenk, soil. ea«c majorem, .'^
9. Tttft. See p. 90.
^
18. THE DOG AND THE CROCODILE

ere. Lines. Currentes bibere, "drink as
they run;" ie
s.
The order is, Traditumest (it is reported)
7. ô/trerm.
cLs
See Fab. 16, note 8. § Me,
bibcretlJ^Z
bcU. dixit,
^
while niTii.Jna
''
o. Carnta. See caro.
19. THE FOX AND THE STORK,

Link 6. Posuisse, "set before her, "served up."
6. Esuriens. See Fab. 12, note 3,
7. Vitoo depends on plenum. See p 165, (4). -1
022) II
^B*°"
162 APPENDIX.
11. Pereffrinam voJuerem, "the foreign bird." The stork is a Hrd of

passage, migrating from a cold to a warm climate in winter, and vice versa.
12. The meaning is, Every person ought to submit contentedly to that
treatment of which he himself sets the example.
20. THE FOX AND THE EAGLE.

LiNB 4.Nido, "in her nest;" pullis, " for her young,"
6. Mater, i.e., vulpes.
7. Contempsit, from contemno. § Quippe, &c., "as being safe by the

very {ipse) position;" i.e., by being high on the tree.
10. Miscens, kc, literally, " mixing sorrow to her enemy with the loss
of her blood" {i.e., her young); "causing sorrow to her enemy, and, at
—
the same time, the loss of her young" at least, the threatened loss.
12. Supplex, " as a auppliaut," becoming a suppliant in her turn.
21. THE MAN AND HIS TWO LOVERa

Line 3. Xon rudis, " not uncomely," "not without accomplishments,"
(or attractions).
4. Tenebat, "held e.r .laved," "possessed the affection of." ^ Ele-
gantia means "the graces of the toilette."
5. Observe that juvenis is fem., "a young woman," § Ceperat, ka.,
" had captivated the affections,"
7. ômint depends, in the dat,, on legere: "they began to pluck out
his hairs, for him." See p. 153, (2).
8, Fingi, "to be trimmed."
10. Canos, "the gray hairs;" nigros, "the black ones.''
22, THE EAGLE, THE CAT, AND THE BOAR.

Line 1. Suhlimi quercu, " in the top of an oak,"
2. Pepererat, from pario. § In w.edia, soil, quercu, " in the middle of
the oak."
^. Ad imam, scil. quercum, " at the base of the oak."
5. Sic, " in the following manner."
6. Scandit, "she (the cat) climbs," § Volucris, i.e., the eagle.
7. Tihi and mihi depend on paratur. See p, 153, 17, (2). § Forsan,
&c,, "perhaps to me, too, wretched one" (that I am).
8. Qwod "in that," "inasmuch as."
11, Terrore, kc, refers to the eagle, which was alarmed.
12, Derepit, "she (the cat) creeps down."
14. Exieris, from exeo, § Simul, "as soon as." § Pastum, supine of
pasoo.
15. On tihi in the dat,, see Fab. 21, note 7.
18. Suspcnso pcde, "on tiptoe,"

22. Rapinam, " the carrying off her young,"
23. Quid mulla, "why should I say many things;" i.e., "to make a
long atory short." § Snis, "their own,'' viz., young ones.
163
23. THE STAG AND THE OXEN.

LiNH Petit is contracted for
S.
petiit.
^.Sjupply aia:U after los.
§ Latenti, "to hi™ (the stag) concealing
ceeds tl
ty"'" "' "^^^ ""'^ ^^^^"^ ^«^-^ 'î-*
; -•. night suc-
18. Arrange thus, Sed si Uk
ven^rit, kc.
^V. Inter haec, "during this
conversaHon •" ;« fi,«
21. Corr^tos, << deteriLtingV^^'SriW "^•
lê^r ''
? ""'? '^^°"'' '^ ^* *« take away these sSs'

ofi'
/. weh«, 7"
Iv^^''" - ^- -.
in its original an'd
of propertêj^'household
24. THE PANTHER AND THE

SHEPHERDS.
Ltne 5. Quippe veriturae, " ^s being
about to neriah " p.«v
pends on miserifi. See "" '^^ ênturac de-
p. 153, (5)
'"^"^"'"' '
15. ^S!?'
15 Sih depends on ^T § ^'""«"»-
timentes, " fearing for
See p. 152, 13
themselves-" . r .u ,• •
safety. See p. 153. 17 (2)
^' 8^ /?w„. i\ 'f^^'^^'ves, t.c, for their
See p. 154, (a) JV.k "'' '^^*" ^^P^^îng on
peperceraui.
25. AESOP AND THE FORWARD

FELLOW
(Aesop).
§ .i« 1; J w^requal
^^ *°t:t^^^^^^^
L?™o" ^^' ^-^^^
our money. than a^V*^'
""""e '.'J'" halfpenny of
4. Prosecutua sic, "adding as follows."
26. THE FLY AND THE MULE.
^"*'" "*-ke care."

5'"JlL^<ftCr'V^'''
o./stum^ tuat (neighbour)V''''
of yours"
27. THE DOG AND THE WOLF.
4. Picstiterunt, from mwô, "to stop "
8. «Mrf, scil. <#„„,„, "wbatdntjt"

,3 placad far on fa the
J0^« clause,. It eouple, the verb,
H, a.,1
il. Ifives, from nix.
164 APPENDIX.
12. Trahens, pres. part, of traho, "dragging out."

16. A
catena. This is an irregularity. The preposition is generally
expressed only before the names of persons.
17. Unde hoc, " whence comes this ? " " how is this ?
20. Qua visum est, " wherever I please;" literally, " wherever it baa
seemed good to me."
21. UUro, "spontaneously;" i.e., without my seeking it,
26. St est animiis, " if you wish," " if you have-a-mind to go away."
28. THE BROTHER AND SISTER.
Like 2. Turpissimam, "very plain-looking."

6. Inspexcrant, from inspicio.
8. Accipiens quippe, kc, "taking, forsooth, everything as an insult."
9. Laesura, " with the intention of injuring him."
11. "Because, though by birth a man, he approached the nature of
women."
12. On the gender of ucrumque, see p. 160, 1, obs. 2.
14. Specuio depends on uti. See p. 155, (c),
15. Mails, abl. plur. n. of malus, -a, -urn, " by the evil practices."
16. Vincas, " may get the better of."
29. THE BEES AND THE DRONES.
Line 2. Hos, " these (combs) the lazy drones alleged to be theirs."
Forum, i.e., the law-courts,
3,
4. Quae : resolve quae into et ea, and arrange thus Et quum ea (vespa) :
nosset (novisset) utnimque pulcherrime,

" And since she knew both kinds
{i.e.,the nature of the bee and of the drone) most thoroughly, she laid
down the following terms to the two parties" (at the bar), —
8. Religio mea, "my oath;" i.e., lest I, who am bound by a
sacred
obligation to act honestly, should err through want of knowledge (im-
prudens).
11. Auctor ho-ûm de quis (i.e,, quibus), "the maker of these things
concerning which the dispute now is."
14. Apertum est, " it is plain who is not able (to make them), and who
has made them."
30, AESOP AMUSING HIMSELF,
Line The introductory word quum is thrown far forward into the
2.
clause arrange thus: Quum quidam Atticus vidisset Aesopum ludcntem
;
nucibus in turba puerorum.

3, Resolve quod into et hoc, and arrange: Et simul (as soon
as) sene.T,
devisor potiits quam deridendus, sensit hoc.

6. Sapiens,
" philosopher !"—.<?aid in irony, § Expedi, "explain what
I have done."
166
7. Torqutt
"tortures "^^seii,
se,
himself-" "rarÛo i;= v .»
racks his brain," as
•
we
"puzzles himself." «aj;
8. Noviasime sticcumbit, "at Ia<»f },o „.v«„ • » .
§Ât«, viz., Aesop. ^ ^'""'^ '"' »•«•' fiiês it up.
THE TREES AND THEIR

31.
GUARDIAN DEITIsa
'"'"""*'' ^°'^ "^'^ ^^^-«
which"theytirh7d!" &r'"''' ^^ *^« trees
W^^ftLîl^h^^^^^ § ^«, viz., tê
"what each one may have wished he will

Btater rr^4?:Veri*!^^"y'
Pleas;,"^^;ay tLty7u"L"^^ "'^'^'^^'^ -^ t^ê^ -
11. 2>ic,re, second sing. fut.
indie, pass, of dico, " thou wilt be caUed."
82. THi. PEACOCK AND JUNO
îtZ nigS&fc"o5^t^|
3. 7«t,^ "
J.^
^"^^^ *^^^ ^^^ ^^'^
- ^- t.
(sayixig that) he,"
viz./the nightingale.
JcA li- ' TVe7c:rsit\^^^^^^^^

without any govermng *^"!-
^°- § ^^ ^«
'^^'^'''^^ ^^^"«^«'
-.
vrbTprised'^ nV'"'^ "
"'''"''*^"'^ '^'^"^ ^"^-'^^^^
the appropriate word
toTe supE '
10. Fo6i„"toyou;"t...,toyoubirds.
12. The raveu on the right hand
was lucky, and the crow on
the left.
W 1. /„ o^to
THE FOX AND THE GRAPES
83.
ri«m, "on the top of a vine."

^
potuii tanJreTanc. "" *^'*'^ "'° '' '*""'^' ^^^ --^"g«. ^^ «^ rum
34. THE HORSE AND THE BOAR
J: 2: °"^' "' ^"'^'""' 'S" »'"•/«* *«-« '*/«,«. § Locals,

9. a«si<, from «y„. § invUm,, sAcquum.
35. THE BATTLE OF THE MICE

AKD WEASELS.
4. Evaacrunt, from cracio.

6. Ligdrant contracted for
ligaverant.
7. Zôiercnt has as its subject
m7t7a.
1> -?"•'?" '!UC7Cf.-.
111
lu. J/crjttf, from wicryo.
166 APPENDIX.
36. THE VIPEK AND THE FILE.
Line 4. Si qua. See 8i quis in Vocab.

6.Mnmordit, from mordeo,
7. Quae, " who," is subject to adsuevi, and relates to mc.
87. THE FOX AND THE HE-GOAT.

Line 3. Liscia, "unawares;" " before s^ knew what she was about/'
as we say.
4. AUiore, " too high" for her to leap up.
11. Nina, from nitoi; " J-p uing on," *• resting on."
88. MEN'S FAULT&
Line 2. Propriis vitiis, " with our own 8 JXeplciam,

vices." soil.
peram, " the bag filled with," &c.

3. Alienis, scil. vitiis. § Qravem, soil, pei im.
89. THE SHE-GOATS AND THE HE-GOATS.

§0b-
Line 2. Tndignari, " to feel (or to express) their
indignation,
serve that the e of coep^runt is made short here.

3. Aequassent is contracted for
aequavissent.
4. Gloria. See p. 155, (c).
I
5. Omatum, " the badge of your office," viz., the beard.

6. Fortitudini. See p. 154, b, (3).
40. THE MAN AND THE SNAKE.

Line 2. Oelu is the
" abl. of cause."
3. Contra se, " to his own hurt."
6. Improbis depends on prodesse. See p. 164, a, (1).
<.
41. THE ANT AND THE FLY.
Line 2. Pluris, " of greater worth," See p. 153, (7).

4, Ubiimmolatur, literally, "when it is sacrificed;" i.e., "when sac-
rifice is offered." § Exia deum; i.e.,
" the entrails presented as an offer-
ing to the gods."
6. Quum visum est mihi, " when I think fit."
§ Rustica, "thciii
9. Eorum depends on simile. See p. 153, (6).
clod-hopper,"— said with great contempt.

is, in truth, a prnnd
10. Convictus, &c., "fellowship with the gods
to him who is bidden, not to him who is foi'-bidden
(bated)."
thing—but
Observe the intentional similarity in sound between invitatur and
int ir.«.
but it
These jokes on words are very common in both Latin and Greek,
isseldom possible to give exact equivaleuts in English.
..>
167
13. Commermras, &c., "yon talk of kings, "
aud ladies' lins ^
17. Stercore. See stei-cus in Vocab.
21. ^<Meit, from rc^MHcio , literally,
"I Lave v^ "t ''^^"^
taken the point off your
the head "
UDDislines/"
"PPisnness, " IT Lave
i ,T'
bIuntP.1-"
''' ^
i
knocked your conceit oa
42. TIME,
Ofiron L^^ bTJ T4fiiKistd'"'

indicates (syn^bolij) th^
b^f
r
t^^^^tf;^^
°r:.^
^' ^^'"' -*^ ^ *"^t
''''
right moment to do things, '^"' " "
and L .t it soon pasles ' "
ti.ne),^S Sm'flst" uliSr '"^'r'^ ^"'^^^">' *^«« ^-« ««iêd in

168 APPENDIX.
GENDER OF NOUNS.
NoiK.— The following Rules willguide the pupil to the principal classes of words and
of terminations belonging to tlie different Genders. The more common Excep-
tions are also given ; but the Ii. .its of tlie book forbid an exhaustive chapter on
this subject. For more complete lists consult the Grammar belonging to this Series
I. GENERAL RULES.-GENDER DECIDED BY THE MEANING.
1; I. The uames of male beings are mascuHne : as,
TUtev, father; Vir, man; CblcbUt, Caeaar; Taurus, 6ii//.
II. The names of rivers, winds, and months are masc. (fluvius,
veutUB, and mensis being masc.) : as,
Tiberia, the Tiber; Aquilo, the north wind'; Aprilis, April
Exc. —^The following river- names are feminine —

AlliS, AIbul&, Matrona, Styx, and Lethe.
III. The names of r^.&nj mountains are masc. (mons being maac.):
as,
Othrys, Mount Othrys.
But they generally follow the gender of the termination: as,—

Atlas, masc; Ida, fern.; SSraote, neut.
IV. The names of female beings are /em.; as,
Mater, mother; Soror, sister; MlillSr, woman.
V. Most of the names of countries, islands, towns, trees, and precious

Etones are/em.; as,
Aegyptfia, Egypt; Sal&mis, Salamis; Rhodus, Rhodes;

TyruB, Tyre; Quercua, an oak tree; Smaragdus, an
emerald.
Exc. 1.— Names of countries endin? in -um,or -a {j>lv.r.) are neut..
as,
Latium, Latium; Bactr&, Bactra.
Exc. 2. —Names of towns in -i, -drum, are Tnasc: aa,-

Philipp-i, orum, PhUippi.
GENDER OP NOUNS.
1C9
Jt«c. 3. — Those in -um, -e (afn { nv »« j
WiT.). are„e„<..M,_
.
" '
"•"• "'' •» -°"™
Tirentnm; Caer..,.i.j in,„;
lUonj Leuctr-H, ^ram.
Xxc. 4.-Several in ^ are mate.: a«,—
Sulmo, Vewntio, Sarto,
CrSto, PrBalno, and Hippo.
Sllar, «, o,ier; Mp»„r, «„py,. ESbnr, «„ oak.

"' °' '" ''""°'' '''°'- "* "»- » -.
«l.rrj° are
now, Errare, <o m- (i.e., error).
11. SPECIAL RULES-GENDER

DECIDED BY THE TERMINATION.
FIRST DECLENSION.
I. Nouns in -5 and -e are /em.; those in -as and -gs
raasc: as -
i^^c. l.-Names of nien, and their

designations, are masc.: as.-
^xc. 2.-Names of rivers in -a are

masc: as,-
SeqTia,n^^ the Seine.
But see above. Rule II., with Exception, p. 168.
£u:c. 3.-Hadria, the Adriatic Sea. is rruuic.

— —— —— — —
170 APPENDIX.
SECOND OECti-NSION.
II. Nouns ending in -Gs, -ht, and -xr are masc: m, —

HortQii, a yarden; Ager, afield ; VIr, a man.
Exc. 1. — Nanes of towns and of trees in -us nre ^joii. lall^ fem. (see
above, Rule V., p. 168): as,
CSrinthus, Corinth / P6p&lus, a poptar tree.
Exc. 2.— TLe following words, whicii cannot be classifi' d, are /em.,
:
vi«.
Alvfis, the belly ; ColiiB, a distaff (rarely masc.); Humus,

the ground; Vann&s, a corn fan.
Exc. 8. — Greek words in -us, which retain their Greek fem. gen-
der : as,
MSthddilB, a method ; Carb&Biis (in the sing.), fine flax.
Exc. 4. — Three nouns in -ua arc ^êw<., viz.:
VIriiB, poison; PSl&giis, the sea; and Vulgils (also maac),

the common people.
III. Nouns ending in -um are neut.: as,—
Malum, an apple.
THIRD DECLENSION.
A. — Words Ending in a Vowel.
IV. Nouns in -• -8, and -i are neut.: as,
Foema, a poem; MS.re, the sea; Slnapi, mustard. (There

is also a fem. form, Sinapis.)
V. Nouns ending in -o are masc: as,
Sermo, conversation ; Ordo, order; Cardo, a hinge; Margo,

a margin; Fraedo, a robber ; LIgo, a spa' '\
Exc. 1. —Abstract uoims ending in -do and -io are /em.; also those
in -go : as,
MagnltQdo, greatness; masc, as a

Ciipido, desire (also
proper name); Largitio, 6rt6ery ; Virgo, So a maic2«n.
also, B&tio, reason; Oratio, speech; Leglo, a legion;
n± — . ^
fbcgxO, u uiaii'-iOk ; viurC, ^«s/i.
GENDER OF NOUNS.
171
VI. NouiiB ending iu

y are tieut..- ns,—
Mlsy (i/cu. mIsyiB, or mlayoa), wf rto/.
B.— Words Ending in a Coiiaonant.
L 1IA8C0UNK TKRMINATIOII&
VU. ER.-Nouns ending in -er are generally

ma,c.: as,-
Venter, the belli/; C&rcSr, a
prhon.
Exc. 1.— Many ii -er are neut. : as,—
cadaver, « cor; se; Papaver.
journey.
ôj,jt,y; Vgr. ^nny;
^ ^*' u
lt&:.
'
â». a.-These are /em. (see Rule IV., p. 168):—

Linter, a ' nt; MiiUer, a iôman; Mater, a mother.
yill. ES.-Noun8 in -es, which have a
Bvllable more in the gen
ui the nom., than
yv.e., "increasing nouns/'^ are ma,c.:
as,-
Pea, ped-Is, afoot; Parils,
pariStw, a woj;.
Exc. —The following re /em. >—
(CompeB), compediB, a /e«.r; Sggg,, sgggtis.
Merces, xnercedis, a r«...ci;
a cro«.
Qme., qLti . andll
quies requietifl. re«^. Inquige,
inquietis, ^^lle^nll
MergSs, mergxtis. « ,Aea/ o/
c.r»; Tggg;, teggTra
IX. OR.— Nouns in -or are generally mtwc; as,—

H6nor, ô ,w; L&b6r, toi^.
Exc. l.-Several .n -or, gm. ^ris, are nmt. ; as,-

Ador (.5ris) ,j>cU; Aequor, U^ sea-plain; MannJr
-^^xrinor,
wari^<; Cor, the heart.
-Eo^c. 2.— These are /em. by Rules V. and

IV., p. 168:—
Arbor, a tree; 8or6r, sister;
Uxor, wu/«.
X. OS.-Nouns in -os are
generally masc: as,-
1
Mos, £,cn. moria, cu -am. Flos,
florla, a flmer.
Exc. 1.— These are /cm..—
11
Cos. ooiis, o z.Acf*<<,„e; and Dos, dotis. a u-wy.
172 APPENDIX.
Exe. 2.— TheB« are ixeui.:—

Oa, 5rii, the mouth; and Ol, oiiis, a bone.
XI. ON.— Greek words in -on are mcuc, (but a few are /cm,.) aa,~
Babylon, Babyl9n-li.
II. rmrNiMK tbruinatioms.
XII. AS.— Nouna in -as are /em.; as,—

Aet&8, aet&tii, age; CIvItas, a state.
Exe. 1. —Some are maac: as,
Ad&m&fl, diamond; Aa, aaaii, an as (a Roman coin);

£lSph&a, an elephant; Olg&s, a giant; Mas, maris, a
male; Via, v&dia, a surety.
)Lnaa, a duck, is common.
Exc. 2.— The following are neut. (see Rule VL, p. 169):—
y&a, y&aia, a vessel; Faa, and NSf&a.
XIII. AUS.— Nouns in -aua are fern. They are,—

Laua, laudia, j)mt»c; and Fraus, fraudis, deceit.
XIY. ES.— Nouns in -ea, which do not increase, are /cm.; as,—
CaedSa, caedia, slaughter; ClidSs, clidla, defeat.
Exc. 1. — One word is common, viz.:
F&lnmbea, a wood-pigeon.
Exc. 2.— The names of rivers in -ea are masc. by Rule II.,
p. 168 also,—
;
Verres, o boar.
*
XV. IS.— Nouns in -is are /cm.; as,—
Hav!a, a ship; Vallla, a valley; Cuspla, cuapldia, a
point ; Lis, litis, a law-suit.
Exc. 1.—Many are masc. ; as,
Amnia, a river; Axis, an axle; C&nMia, a canal; CoUia,

ahiU; Crinis, hair ; "EnaU, a sword; TmcIb, a bundle
Finia, an end, (also fern, in sing.;) Fiinia, a rope;
Fustia, a club; Ignia, fire; L&pia, l&pidis, a stone;
Menaia, a Tnonth; Orbia, a circle; Panis, bread; Piaoia,
a fijsh; Pulvia, pulvSria, dust; PoatIs, a post; Sangula,
sanguinis, blood; Sentia, a thorn; Ungoia, a nail.
Also a few others of rare occurrence.
OENDKR OP NOUNS.
178
Kxc. 2. — Some are eommon: m, —
CknU, a doff; Angui8,a*na*<;; CorhU,ab<uket;
a buttock.
Clflnla. ^
XVI. X.— Nouns in -x are generally /m. a«,—
;
Pax, picia, peace: Nex, n8cli,

death; Eidix, ridlcii. a
root; Nox, noctis, night;
Lex, ISgii, a /aw; Vox, vflcu.
a voice; Arx, arcis, a citadel.
Ex/:. 1.— Most of those in -ex are maiw.,:
as,—
Grex, grgglB, a flock.
Sxc. 2.-T}.e following, with

a few others, are mase..-^
CaiU, a cvp; Fornix, an arch;
Tridux, o vine-hranch.
Urb8,aa7y; Hiem»,mn<«-; Daps,

d&pi». a /««»<; Gens,
a race; Mens, <Ae mmd; Frons,
frontis, «Ac /orc/êorf •
Frons, frondis, a leaf; Glans,

glandis, an acorn; Ars!
'
artis, art, tkill.
-Ej^c.-The following, with a few

others, are mate..—
Pons, pontis, a tnVif/e,; Fons,
fontis, a /o«„<am ; Mons,
mentis, a mountain; Dens,
dentis, o tooth; Orieus
oributii, the east ;T:QtTQn&, a
torrent.
IIL KEUTKR TBRHWATIONS.

XVIII. C— Nouns ending in -c are neut.: as,—
Lac, lactis, milk ; Alec, alecis,
pickle.
XIX. L.— Nouns ending in -1 are neut.: as,—
Mgl, mellis, honey; Anim&l,
an animal.
iSrc— The following are masc.:~
Comiil a consul; Sol, the mn; Sal. sa7/ mgil, a mul-
let; Piigil, a boxer.
XX. N.— Nouns in -n are neut.: as,—
Carmen, carminis, a poem.

JJlrc. —These are maac..-—
Pectgnpectinis, a c«m6; Egn,

renis, the kidne-,;
solenla, /*/> .»«7^^« . ms . . .
" Splen.
"H'ch,
^'a//fr; Comlcen. a hom-blower, &c

: ———
174 APPENDIX.
XXI. AR.— Nouns in -ar are 7jeu<.; as,—

Calcar, o spur,
E'C. — One word is majw., viz.:
L5r, a koutdwld god.
XXII UR,— Nouns in -ur are ncut. : as,—

Fulgiir, lightning; Robiir, roboris, strength.
Exc. —The following are masc.:—

rar, faris, a thief; Vultftr, a intUure; Astiir, n hawk;
Turtur, a turtle-dove; and Furfur, bran.
XXIII. US.— Nouns in -us are ?ic«<.; as,—

Vulniis, vulneris, a wound; Corpus, corporis, a body;
Jus, juris, law.
Exc. 1. — Two are masc:—

Ippiis, leporis, a hare; and Mfls, muris, a mouse.
Exc. 2. — These are com/mon —

Siis, a fig; and Grus, a crane.
Exc. 3.—The following are /cm..-
Incus, incHdis, an anvil; Jiiventas, juventutis, youth;

Palus, paludis, a marsh; Peciis, peciidis, cattle; Salua,
ealutis, safety; Sgnecttis, senectutis, old age; Servitas,

bondage; Tellus, telluris, the earth; and Virtus,
virtiitis, virtue.
XXIV. T. — Nouns in -t are neut.: as,
Capiit, capitis, the head.
m
FOURTH DECLENSION.
XXV. US.— Nouns in -us are masc; as,—
Fructiis, fruit ; Gradus, a step.
Exc. — The following are /cm..—

Aciis, a needle; old woman; DSmiis, a house;
Auiis, an
Idiis (pL), the a month; M&nus, the hand;
ides of
Porticiis, a porch; Tribiis, a tribe; and (by Rule IV.,
p. IGS), Niirus, a daughter-in-law;

and SoovTiB, a mother-
in-law.
XXVI. U. — Nouns in -u are nc»'<.; as,—

Gelii. fraai; Cornu, a fiom.
— —— .
RULES OP syntax:. 175
FIFTH DECLENSION.
XXVTI. ES.— iVouns !n -fia &refcm.: a8,~

Bes, a matter.
£xc.—The following are excepted, viz.:—
Dies (8ing.), m. or/.; Dies (plur.), m.;

Merldifig, mid-
day, masc.
RULES OF SYNTAX.
I. An adjective agrees with its own substantive

/ and case : as,
in gender, number '
FabuUe longae, (pi.,) Ior>g stories; Amicus fidus, (masc.,)

a faithful/r lend AmicoaMoa, '
; (l^\.,)Jhithful/rienda.
II. The prepositions in, cum, a or ah. e or ex, govern the ablative-
as,—
In silva, in the forest; Cum ancilla, aloriff with the maid-
servant,
III. A verb agrees with its subject in number and person : as,~
Aquila est, the eagle is; Aquilae sunt, the eagles are.
TV. One substantive govcrna, in the genitive, another

signifying a dif-
ferent thing : as,
Penna aquilae, the eagle's feather.
V. The preponitions ad and in {into) govern the accusative: as.—

Ad portam, towards the gate; In urbem, into the city.
VI. The conjunctions et, ac, atque, connect words

and clauses co-ordi-
natively: as,
Piter et mater, father and mother: pater meus

est bonus,
et mater tua est pulchra; my
father is good, and your
mother is beautiful.
m. Since two singulars are equal to a

plural, two sinj^nuar subjects
176 APPENDIX.
conjunction (et, ac, atque, ^ne, &c.)

bave
connected by a co-ordinative
plural as,—
a verb or adjective in the :
et filiua sunt clari, the

father and the son are
Pater
famous.
the accusative as,—

VIII. Transitive verbs govern
:
Aediflcat murum, he builds a wall.
the instrument by which something

h
IX„ The word that expresses
done, is put in the ablative as,— :
Necat ense, he kiUs with a sword.

occuni
point of time at which anything
ia
X. The word indicating the
put in the ablative : as,—
Venit postero die, he came the next day.
signify advantage or disadvantage,

XI. Verbs and adjectives which
uulikeness, are followed by a dative as,-
likenessor :
SimiliB patri, like

Inimicus malia. hostUe to the wicked;
his father.
the ablative of the object with

XII. The comparative degree governs
which comparison is instituted as,— :
Filia pulchrior matre,

Dulcior melle, sweeter than honey;
beautiful than her mother.
« daughter more
quae, îUOd, agrees with its antecedent in gen-

XIII. The relative, qui,
der, number, and person ; as,
quem laudas, est fortis; the soldier, whom, you

Miles,
praise, is brave: Mulieres, quas vides, gracUes sunt;
thewomen, xohom you see, are slender: Carmma, quae
canto, sunt nova; the songs, which I sing, are new.
of giving, declaring, and taking away, govern the dative

XIV. Verbs
with the accusative : as,—
to the
Poeta carmina reginae, the poet gives verses
dftt
the hoy de-
queen; Tuer rem omnem patri indicavit,
his father.
clared the whole matter to
the agent is, after passive verbs, usualiy put

XV. The word expressing
in the ablative with a or ab ;
as,—
the hoys are praised by tfu
Pueri laudantur a magistro,
maiter.
RULES OF SYNTAX.
177
XVr. Substantives which stand in apposition to one
anotiier agree ia
Romam, urbem Italiae ; Rome, a city of Italy.
^1"°°"^^^^^° '^ -^'^ '- ^^Prcss duration of ti,nc

and extension
of fpic";
Dormiunt totam hiemem, they sleep the whole winter-

Cives murum sexaginta pedes altum exstruxerunt,
the
citizens built a wall sixty feet high.
XVIII. The ve>bs utor, abator,
fruor, fungor. potior, vescor,
i'""or, &c
vescor &c.,
usually govern the ablative: •
as,-
Utebantur aere, they used brass;
Fungitur officiis, he
performs his duties. •7*41
XIX. When motion towards is expressed, the names of towns and

Kslands are put in the
accusative, without a pr;position
: as.--
Eomam accessit, he approached Rome; Reversus est
Jinoaum, he returned to Rhodes.
XX. Verbs signifying to persuade,
command, serve
heheve, envy, &c., are
followed by a dative: as,-
resist
' ^
,««r.
'
Persuadet amico, he prevails on

his friend; Servit
irae,
nets a slave to passion. '
XXI. The infinite mood usually depends on another verb: as.-

Cupio discere, / am eager to learn.
"''°'* '" " '''' '" *'' '"'^"^^^^ ""^'^

ative"^";,- '
>•« 1-t - the accus-
Hostes parare beUum videt,

preparing (for) war.
he sees that the
^
enemy are
^XXm. The compounds of «xm, except

possum, govern tl,e dative:
Interfuit praeUo, he was present at the battle.

XXIV. An impersonal verb governs the
dative : as,-
Expedit reipublicae, it is profitable for the sfat^.
(122)
12
178 APPENDIX.
CONJUGATION* OF VERBS
MORE OR LESS IRREGULAR IN THE PERFECT AND
SUPINE.
I. THE FIRST CONJUGATION.

Amo. ami-5vi, &m&t-TiTni
The regular forms are -avi and -atu
like
am-ar8, to love.
crepltum, crepare, to creak.

Crepo, crepui,
cubitum, cubare, to lie.
Cfibo, cubui,
d&tum, d&re, to give.
Do, dSdi,
domltum, dSmare, to tame.
Domo, ddmui.
jutum, juv&re, to assist.
Jiivo, jUvi,
<lautum, awdllavare, to wash.

L&vo, l&vi,
vlotum, -'
micare, to glitter,
i
MIco, mtcui,
praestitum, praestare to perform,
Praesto, praestt
praestlti,
sectum, s6care, to cut.
Seco, secui,
sonitum, Bonare, to tfmnd.
Sono, sonui.
statum, stare, to stand,
Sto, stSti,
tonitum, tonare, to thunder.
Tono, tonui.
vetitum, vetare, to forbid.
Vgto, vetui,
II. THE SECOND CONJUGATION.

-etum: as,-Fleo, flevi, fletum, flere
The regular forms are -evi and
this formation are few. The following (one of wuich
to weep. Verbs of
has -itum) are the most common :—
1. Perfect in -evi; Supine in -etum
abolere, to aholish.
Aboleo, abolevi. abolitum,
( to blot out, de-
delSvi, deletum, de.'ere
Deleo, \ stray,
fletum, flere, to weep.

Fleo, flevi,
nere, to spiî.
Neo, nevi, netum,
completum, complete, to,fill up.
Complco, complevi,
iv
Grammar bek nginst to this Series p. 250.

A fuller list is given in the
i
rRREGULAR VKRBS, 179
2. Perfeei in -ui ; Supine in -turn.
Censeo, censni, censum, censere, to value, think,
DSceo, docui, doctuin, docere, to teach.
Misceo, miacui,
( mixtum,
>
miscere, to mix.
\ mistum,
TSneo, tSnai, tentum, tln^re, to hold.
Torreo, torrui, tostum, torrere, to roast.
3, Perfect in-iidi); Swpine in -mm.

Prandeo, prandi, pransum, prandere, to breakfast
Sedeo, sedi, sessum, aedere, to sit.
Strldeo, atridi,
atridere, to creak, whistle
Video, vidi, visum, videre, to see.
The four following reduplicate* in the Perfect Tenses:—

Mordeo, momordi, morsum, mordere, to bite.
Fendeo, pependi, (pensum,) pendere, to hang,
Spondeo, spopondi, sponsum, spondere, to promise,
Tondeo, totondi, tonsum, tondere, to shew.
4. Pe'^'fect in -i (vi); Supine in -turn.

CSveo, cavi, cautum, cavere, to take care,
Faveo, favi, fautum, favere, to favour,
Foveo, fovi, fdtam, lovere, to cherish,
Moveo, movi, motum, mSvere, to move,
Voveo, vovi, votum, vovSre, to vow.
^0 Supine.
'
connivi,
Conniveo, {
. connizl, J
connivere. to wink.
Ferveo, \^''^\ )
I ferbui, / fervere, to boil,

Paveo, pavi, pavere, to fear.
5. Perfect .n ii; Supine in -ti.m and -sura.

Ardeo, arsi, araum, ardere, to blaze,
Augeo, auctum, augere, to increase.
Fulgeo, fuUi, fulgere, tc
'"».,« perfect «,„. denvJte,,..

.l,o^t^.:.'l\"!':S:'^'l!'";?;T-
.x^__.
180 APPENDIX.
Haereo, haesi, haesum, haerere, to stick.
indulsi, indultum, indulgere. to induhje.

Indulge©,
jussi, juBsum, jubere, to order.
Jiibeo,
Luceo, laxi, lucere, to shine.
lugere, to grieve.
Lugeo, luxi,
Maneo, mansi, mensum, manere, to remain
Mulceo, mulsi, mulsum, mulcere, to stroke.
fmulsum, or
Mulgeo, molsi, > mulgere. to milk.
tmulctum.
Rideo, risi, risum, ridere, to laugh.
saasum, Buadere, to advise.

I Suadeo, suasi,
Torqueo, torsi, tortum, torquere, to twist.
Urgeo, ursi, urgere, to press.
6. Semi- Deponents.
ausus sum, audere, to venture,

Audeo,
Gaudeo, gavisus sum, gaudere, to rejoice,
Bolitus sum, Bolere, to be wont.

Soleo,
m\
III. THE THIRD CONJUGATION.
The regular forms are -i, -tum, or -si, -turn: as,— Scribo. scrips-i,
script-um, scrib-ere, to write.
A.— Labial Stems.
1. Perfect in -si; Supine in -tnm.
Note. ~B is changed into p before s and t.
carpsi, carptum, carpere, to pluck.

Carpo,
Nubc, nupsi, nuptum, nubere, to marry
repsi. reptum, vepere, to creep.
Repo,
scripsi, scriptum, scribere, to write.
Scribo,
serpsi, serptum, serpere, to crawl.
Serpo,
2. Perfect in -ni; Supine in -tum or -itum.

rCumbo,
1 1ncumbo. incubui, incubitum. incumbSre, to lie upon.
Btrepo, strSpui, strepitum. Btrepere, to make a noise.

IBREGtTLAR VERBS. 181
3. Perfect in ~i\ Swpine in -ivim,
<yr wanting.
8Jô> tlbi, (bibitum,) bibere, to drink,
Lambo, Iambi, ,
lambere, to lick,
Enmpo, rupi, ruptum, rumpere, to burst.
B.— QuTTUBAL Stems.
1. Perfect in -si ; Supine in -turn.
NOTE.-G. and gt form x. Is changed into c before L

Affligo,* afflizi, affictum, affllgere, to strike
Cingo, down,
cinzi, cinctum, cingere, to surround,
Coquo, cozi, coctum, coquere, to cook,
Dico, dizi, dictum, dicere, to say.
Buco, duzi. ductum, aiicere, to lead.
Ezstinguo, ezstinzi, ezBtinctum, ezstinguere, to extinguish.
Pingo, finxi, fictum, fingere, to invent,
Jungo, junzi, junctum, jungere, to join,
Pingo, pinzi, pictum, pingere, to paint,
Rego, rezi, rectum, regere, to direct, rule.
Stringo, strinzi, Btrictum, stringere, to grasp,
Tego, tezi, tectum, tegere, to cover.
Tingo,
J-tinzi, j'tingere,
Tinguo tinctum, > to dip.
I linguere,
Traho, trazi, tractum, trahere, to drag,
Uugo,
ûnzi, unctum, fungere,
Unguq yto anoint.
1 unguere,
Veho, vezi, vectum. vehere, to carry.
2. Perfect in -si ; Supine in -sum or -zum.
Figo, 5zi, fizum, figere, to fix.

Flecto, flezi, flezum, flectere, to bend,
Mergo, mersi, mersum, mergere, to sink,
Necto, uezi, nezum, nectere, to hind,
Pecto, pezi, pezum, pectere, to comb,
Plecto, plezi, plezum, plectere, to plait,
Spargo, sparsi, sparsum, spargere, to scatter,
I'ergo, tersi, tersum, tergere, to wipe.
• fityo, " iw «ru.«;," is not used in

tlie simple lona.
182 .APPENDIX.
3. Perfect in -i. {reduplicated;) lupine tn -sum and -turn.
discere, to learn,
Disco, didici,
pepigi, pactum, panggre, to fix.
Fango,
parsum, parcere, to spare,
Farco, peperci,
poposci, poscere, to demand,
FOBCO,
punctum, pungere, to prick,
Fungo, pupugi,
tactum, tangere, to touch.
Tangc, tetigi,
Perfect in i, {stem vowel lengthened;) Supine

in -turn.
4
actum, ag§re, to do.

Ago, egi,
fractum, frangere, to break,
I'rango, fregi,
(to strike (a
ici, ictum, icere,
Ico, X treaty).
lectum, legSre, to choose,

Lego, legi,
(lictum), linquere, to leave.
Linquo, llqui,
victum, viucere. to conquer.
Viuco, vici,
5. Perfect in -ui ; Supine in -turn.
textum, texere, tc weave.

Tezo, texui,
6. Guttural Stem disguised.
rfluxum, or to flow.
Fluo, fluxi, |^^g^^^
I fluctum, J
struxi, Btructum, struere. to pile uf
Struo,
victum. vivere, to live.
Vivo, vizi.
C— DKHTAIi STKMS.
1. Perfect in -si\ Supine in -sum.
are either omitted before s, or are changed into*

NOTJ[.— /) and t
cedere. to yield.
Cedo, cessi, cessum,
claudere, to shut.
Claudo, clausi, clausum,
di visum, dividere, to divide.
Divido, divisi,
laesum, laedere, to injure.
Laedo, laesi,
lusum, ludere, to play.
L&do, lusi.
jnjgv Tnissum, mittere. to sevd.
Kitto,
plausum plaudSre, todapthehands.
Plaudo, piausi,
lilREOULAR VERBS,
183
Bado, rftsi, rasum radSre,
Rddo, to scrape,
rSai, rdsum. rSdSre, to gnaw,
Trado. trflBi, trfisum. tradgre,
fVado, to thriist,
vadgre, to (JO.
<.Invado, mvaai, invasum, invadSre, to yo ayainst.
2. Perfect Reduplicated.
cado, c5cldi. c§sam, c&dSre, to fall

Caedo, cScIdi, caesum, caedgre, to strike, to cut
Feudo, pependi, pensum, pendere, to weigh.
Tendo, rtensum,
tgtendi,
I tentum, \ tendSre, to stretch,
Tundo, tiitildi,
/tunsum,
j- tundgre, to beat.
Ctasutt,
Do in composition, to put.
Abdo, abdidi, abditum, abdere, to hide,

Addo, addldi, addltum, addere, to add.
Condo, coudldi, condltum, coudere, to found,
Credo, credldi, creditum, credere, to believe.
Dedo, dedidi, deditum, dedgre, to give vp.
£do, edidi, editum, edere, to give forth,
Indo, indidi, ind!tam, indgre, to put on.
Perdo, perdldi, perditum, perdere, to ruin, to lose,
Prodo, prodidi, prddltum, prodere, to betray,
Reddo, reddidi, redd! turn, reddere, to restore,
Subdo, Bubdidi, subditum, sabdere, to substitute,
Trado, tradidi, traditum, tradere, to hand over,
Vendo, vendidi, venditum, vendere, to sell.
So also—
Sisto, stiti, Btatum, listgre, tocausetosiand.
3. Perfect in -i; Supine in -iuxsi.
Accendo, accendi, accensum. accecdere, to set on fire,

Cudo, cudi, cusum, cadgre, to hammer,
Edo, edi, esum, gdgre, to eat,
(Fendo, not used,
to strike.
Defendo, dSfendi, dgfensam,
\ defendere, to defend,
Ôffondo, offeiidi, oJlbaaum, offeudere, to assault.
184 APl'KNDIX
Pindo, fldi, flsBnm, flndfiro, to cleave,
Fundo, fQdi, fflsura, fundSre, to pi, \ir.
Incendo, incendi, incensum, incondSre, to burn,

Mando, luandi (rare), mausuin, mandSre, to chew.
( pausum or
Fando, pandi, \ paudSre, to spread.
( passum,
FrShendo, pr8hendi, prSheusum, prfihendere, to gnmj).
Scaudo, Bcandi, scansum, scandSre, ti) climb,
Sciiido, ecldi, Bcissum, scindSre, to tear,
Strido, strldi, Btrld^re, to creak.

j
i Strldeo,
Verto, verti, versnm, vertSre, to turn.
4. Miscellaneous Forms.
Fido, fiBUS sum, fidgre, to trust.
MSto, messui, messum, mStSre, to mow.

FSto, petivi, pgtitum, p6t6re, to seek.
Sido. sedi; or sidi, sIdSre, to ait down
D.— Stems ending in L, M, N.
1. Perfect in -ui; Supine in -Itum ur -turn.
( ailtuin, or
Alo, Uoi, 1 aiere, to nourish.
I altrnn,
C61o, cSloi, cultum, cdlSre, to till.
ConsiUo, consiilui, consultum, consulgre, to conavlt.
Fremo, frSmui, frSmitum, fremere, to roar.
Gemo, gSmui, ggmitum, ggmSre, to groan.

Gigno, gSnui, geultmn, gignere, to produce.
Mdlo, uxSlui, mSlltam, molSre, to grind.
Occiilo, occiilui, occultum, occulere, to conceal.
Tr5mo, tremai, tremere, to tremble.
V61o, volui, velle, to wish.
Vomo, vomui, vSmltum, vomer e, to vomit.
2. Perfect Reduplicated.
Cano, cecini, cantum, canere, to sing.
(falsam,) fallere, to deceive.

FaUo, fefelli.
PeUo, pSpiili, palsuiu, pellere, to drive.

IKRKGUr,/ ft VERBS. 180
8. Perfect in in -turn.
compii, comptum, cdmere, to adorn,

JD^mo, (iempai, demptum, dimin, to taJce
Prdmo, uway,
p romps i
promptum, pr5mSre,
Stlmo,
to takefmHh.
Bumpsi Bumptum. idm^re, to take up.
Temno, temp$i, temptum, temnSre, to dispiae.
4. Various Forms.
Cmo, Smi, emptuDi Smfire, to buy.

Lino, levi, II turn,
llnSre, '
smear.
Percello perottli,
'
perculsum, percellgre,
Premo, presBi,
ti strike down
pressum, nrgmSre,
SIno, topresK.
Bivi, eltum, sindre, to permit,
Tollo, sastaii, sablatum, toUgro, to raise up.
Velio, velli, volsum, vellgre, to pluck.
E.— Stems Ending iw E.
Cerno, orSvi, critum, cernSre,

Carro, to divide.
cucurri, curBum, currere, to run.
Fgro, tiili, latum, ferre, to bear, carry.
Gere, gesai, geatum, gerere,
Qaaero, to carry.
quaeaivi. quaeaitum, quaerere, to seek.
Sero, aerui, aertum, serere,
Sero, to entwine.
»evi, aatum, agrSre, to sow.
Sperno, sprevi, apretum, apemere. to despise.
Sterno, stravi, atratum, aternere,
Tero, to strew.
trivi, tritum, terSre, tc rub.
Cro, uaai, uatum, urere, to bum.
F.— Stems Ending in S, X.
Arceaao, arceaaivi, arceasitum, arcesagre,

Capesso, to send up,
capessiv?. capesaitum, capeaaere, to take in hand,
Lacesso, laceasivi, l&ceaaltum, Uceaaere, to provoke,
Pono, pSsai, pSaltum, ponfire. to place.
ViBO, viBi.
to visit.
J/,
^
v.
^ 4.
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''î.
186 APPENDIX.
6.— Stems Ending in U, V.
Perfect in -i ; Swpine in -turn.
f Abnao, abnoi, abnuere. to refuse.

i Annuo, annul, annuere to assent.
Icuo, &cai, ^cfltum, &cuere. to sharpen.
Arguo, argui, argutum, arguore, to prove.
Congruo, congrui, congruere, to agree.
Exuo, ezui, exutum, exuere. to put off.
Imbuo, imbui, imbfltum, imbuere. to soak.
Induo, indui, indfltum, iuduere. to put ort.
/lautum.
L&vo, lavi, s Idtum, > lavere. to wash.
'iSvatum,
Luo, lui. luSre, to atone.
Metno, mgtui, metuere, to fear.
MTnuo, minui, miufltum, mlnuere,
Pluit, f pluit, or
\ plflvit, }
- pluere,
to lessen.
to rain.
Riio,
frultum. or
rui, j-rugre, to rufih.
I riitum,
Solvo, solvi, solfltum. solvere, to loosen.
St&tuo, st&tui, st&tutum. st&tugre, to set up.
Tribuo, tribui. tributum, tribuere. to distribute
Volvo, volvi, vSmtum, volvSre, to roll.
H.— Verbs Endihq in -SCO.

Verbs which end in -sco are called inceptive or inchoative;
that is, they
denote the beginning of an action.
AbSlesco, abSlevi, &bolItum, &boJescere, to grow out ofv^

AdSlesco, fidoievi, &dultum, fiddlescere, to grow up.
Cd&lesco, coalui, coalitum, coalescere, to grow together.
Conciipisco, conciipivi, conciipltum, conoiipiscere, to desire.
Conv&lesco, conv&lui, conv&litum, convalescgre, to grow strong.
Cresco, crevi, crgtum, Crescere, to grow.
Exdlesco, exdlevi. exSlItum^ exolescere. to grow old.
Nosco, nSvi, nStum, noscere, to kiiow.
Pasco, P&vi, pastum, pascerc, to feed.
Quiescj, quievi, quietun>, quiescere, to hetome quiet.
Suesco, fiuSvi, Buetum (to grow aocua
BuescSre,
X turtied.
lEREOULAB VERBS.
187
I^. THIRD AND FOURTH CONJLGATIONS

COMBINED.
C&pio, cepi, captam, cipere, to take.
Oilpio, ciipivi, ciipitam, cupere, to desire,
F&cio, feci, factum, f&cire, to make,
F5dio, fodi, fossum, f5d§re, to dig.
Ffigio, fligi, ftlgltam, fiigere. to flee.
Jacio, jeci, jactam, jacere. to throw.
Pario, pSperi, partam, parere, to bring forth
Qa&tio, (quassi,) qaassum, qu&t§re, to shake.
B&pio, r&poi, raptum, rapere, to seize.
.
THE FOURTH CONJUGATION,
The regular forms are -Ivi and
-itum: as, audio, andivi,
audire, to hear. audltum,
Apgrio, &pgrui, fipertum, &perire, to open.

So, ivi, itum, ire, to go.
Fulcio, fulsi, fultum, fuloire,
Haurio, to prop.
hausi, haustum, haurire, to draw (water).
Opgrio, 6perui, opertum, operire, to cover.
Saepio, saepsi, saeptum, satpire, to fence in.
Salio, sal-ui, or- ii) saltum, salire, to leap.
Sancio, sanzi, f sancitum, or
V sanctum, I sancire, to ratify.
Sentio, sensi, seusum, sentire,
Sepelio, to feel, to think,
they sepelivi, sep'iltum, sepelire, to bury,
Vgnio, veni, ventum, venire,
Vinoio, to come,
viusi, viuctum.
fusi vincire. to bin'i.
her.
ig. VL DEPONENT VERBa

i
First Conjugation.
id.
10» APPENDIX.
Second Conjugation,
F&teor, fassuB Bum, f&teri, to con/eta.
LIceor, IXcIcuBBum, llceri, to bid at a sale.
M5reor, mSrltus sum, mSreri, to earn, to deserve.
'mlsfirltas Rom,
MlsSreor, ^J-mlBSrSri, to take pity on.
. mlBortuB BTun,
Folllceor, pollXcItoB sum, polltcSri, to promise.
Reor, r&tas som, reri, to think.
Tneor, tnltoB Bum, tuSri, to protect.
Vfireor, virXtus sum, vgreri, to fear.
Third Conjugation.
Ampleotor, amplexnB Bum, ampleoti, to embrace.

( ApiBOor, aptuB Bom, &pisci, to ohtain.
\ Adlpiflcor, &deptns sum, &dlpi8ci, to ohtain.
ComminiBCor, GommentaB sum, commlnisci , to devise.
Compleotor, complexuB btuh, complecti, to embrace.

Def6tiscor, defessuB Bum, defgtisci, to grow weary.
ffrulttts Bum, or
Fruor, }frui, to enjoy.
\ fructuB Bom,
Fnngor, fonctuB stun, fungi. to perform. 1
Or&dior, grOBBUB Bum, gr&di. to step.
1
IraBCor, Xrasci, to he angry. 1
L&bor, lapBUB Bum, l&bi, to slip. 1
LSquor, 15cfltuB Bum, I5qui, '
to speak. 1
MSrior, mortuuB sum, mSri, to die. 1
NanciBcor, nactUB sum. nancisci, to obtain by chance. 1
NaBCor, natuB Bum, nasci,
"-
to be born. 1
fnixuB Bum, or
NItor, }nlti, to strain. I
\ nlBUB Bum,
ObliviBOor, oblituB sum. obllvisci, to forget. I
P&tior, passuB sum, p&vi, to suffer. m
FrSfloiscor, prSfeotus sum. prSflcisoi, to set out. I
QnSror, questus sum. qugri, to complain.
B&mlniEcor, remlnisci, to remember,

KSvertor, rSversus sum. reverti, to return.
Sgquor, sSofLtuB sum, sequi, to follow.
Uloiscor, ultuB sum. nloisci, to avenge.
Ctor, tlBUB sum, £ti, to use.
V<»Mor, vesoi, to eat.

fRREOULAR VERBS.
189
Fourth Conjugation.
Assentior, assepsQs sum, assentiri, to agree
Blandior, to,
blandltns sain, blandiri,
le. to flatter,
Expgrior, ezpertns earn,
serve. expgriri, to try.
Largior, largitua sum, largiri, to give
Mentior, bowitifuUy
mentltns sum, mentiri,
Metior, to lie,
mensus sum, metiri, to measure.
Molior, molltns sum, mdliri, to labour.
Oppgrior, /oppertus sum,
l opperltus sum, }-opp«riri, to wait /or.
Ordior, orsDs sum,
ordiri, to begin,
Orior,
ortus sum,
8rlri, to rise,
Partior,
parUtus sum, partlri,
Pdtior, to divide.
pfifitns sum,
pSGri, to obtain possession
Sortlor, qf
sortttns sum,
ar.rtiri. to take by lot.
hance.
ill
LATIN VOCABULARY.
A., abtêviation for proper name, Aulnn. Abstr&ho, abstraxi, abstractum, abs-
A, {or ab, or aba,) prep, uith abl, from, trah-6re, to drag off, tear away. (Ab,
by; (of time) after. ti'aho.)
Ab, same at a. It <3 naed before h and AbBTUn, abfui (or afui), abesse, to be
the but also before many
vowels, absent. (Ab, sum.)
words beginning with consonants. In Abutor, abusus sura, abut-l, (dep.) to
lome compound words it bPcomea au; abuse, misuse. (Ab, utor.)

as, avfero tor ab-fero, Ac, coiy., and, and moreover. Usually
AbdICO, abdixi, abdictum, abdlc-6re, to employed only before consonants.
refuse approval; to deprive one of (by Accedo, access-i, accessum, acced-6re,
lato). (Ab, dico.) to advance (towards), approach. (Ad,
AbdIC-0, Svi, atum, 5re, to retire from, cedo.)
resign, abdicate. (Ab, dlco.) Accend-O, I, accensnm, accendSre, to set
Abdlt-US, a, urn, perf. part of abdo, on fire, kindle, inflame.

hidden, put away. Accens-U8, a, um, perf. part of ac-
Abdo, abdldi, abditum, abd-5re, to put cendo.
aside, hide, remove. (Ab, do.) Accept-ns, perf. part, of accipio.
AbdiiCO, abduxl, abductum, abduc-8re, Accid-O, i, fire, to fall to, or to fall near:
to lead away, remove. (Ab, duco.) accidit, (impers.) it hap^^ (Ad,
Abeo, abli (Jor abiv'), aWtum, abi-re, to c&do.)
go away, depart; escape. (Ab, eo.) Acc-10, Svl, Itum, ire, to summon, call
AblgO, abggi, abactum, abig-gre, to drive (Ad, cleo, or cio, to call)
off. (Ab, ago.) Accipio, a£c5pi, acceptum, acclp-5re, to
Ablat-US, a, um, perf. part, of aufero, receive, get; take, accept; hear. (Ad,
(which see.) capio.)
Abla-0, 1, tum, Sre, to wash off or away Accipiter, accipitr-ls, m., a hawk.
to atone for. (Ab, luo.) Accit-UB, a, um, perf. part, of accio.
Abs, prep., (see a.) It is used before the Acci-UB, 1, m. Accius, a proper na^ne:
consonants c and t, and sometimes be- Accius Navius, a Roman augur.
fore p and g. Accurr-O, i, (seldom accucurri,) accurs-
Absens, gen. absent-is, (part, t/absum, um, accurr-6re, to rush towards, or up
used as adj.,) absent. to. (Ad, curro.)
AbsistO, abstlti, (no sup.,) absist-Sre, to Acctisator, is, m., an accuser, informer.
give over, cease, desist: absistite tim- AccuS-0, avi, atum, are, to lay to one's
gre, cease to fear. (Ab, sisto.) charge, accuse, blame. (Ad, causa.)
Abstin-eo, ui, (en)tum, ere, to hold off Acer, acr-is, acr-e, adj., sfuxrp, piercing,
from, keep back from; to abstain. (Ab, keen ; active, lively ; fierce.
teneo.) Acerb-US, a, um, sour; bitter; disagree'
Abstuli, perf. o/aufera able, annoying. (Stan a"- sharp.)

LATIV VOCABULARY.
191
Aeerrime, (adv. tn mptri) mott lutav.
<tc. (SeeAer.) Admiribn-H, is, e, worthy of being ad.
jnired; wonderful
Acld-UB, a, um, $<yuri bitter; punffent;
(Admlror.)
tutrth. Admir-or, atus sum, art, (dtp. i,)
(Aceo, to bt tow, Ac.) ut
wonder at ; admire.
Aci-es, ei, /, a point or edge; (Ad, mlror.)
battle Admon-eo,
array, line of battle.
itum, Sre, to remind:
ul,
to warn, admonish.
Acriter, adv., (seep. lOO.) keenly, (Ad, moneo.)
sharplv. AdmSveo, admOr-l, admStnm. admSr-
ACt-U8, a, um, per/, part, of ago.
ere, to move towards; brincf on;
Acu-8, us, /., a needle orpin.
to. (Ad, moveo.) '
Wf
apply
Acat-as, a, um, tharp, pointed;
inUUi- Adn&t-o,
gent; severe. (Acuo.)
avl, atum, are, to twim to.
(Ad, nata)
Ad, prep, uith aec, to, towards; at;
op, near, AdSlesceni, adolescent-ls, m. or
in compound words ad /, a
often written ac,
is young man
or teoman. (Adolesco.)
qf, op, at, Ac, accord-
ing to first letter of AdolescO, adol-8vi (rarely -ul),
second part of adul-
tum, adole8c.«re, to grow
compound. up, increase.
Adam-0, AOer-o, avl, atum, are, to pray
arl, atum, are, to lov« exceed- to, wor.
ship, adore. (Ad, oro.)
ingly. (Ad, amo.)
Addico, addixl, addlctum, addlcgre, Adpar-eo, (or appareo,) nl, itum, ere.
to to appear
<went to; to assign, award, tnake clearly, to be evident
over Adpet-o, (or
to. (Ad, dico.) appeto,) Ivl, itum, 6re.
to seek to, try to get,
Ad-do, dTdl, ditum, dgre, to put to, add avn at, aspire to;
annex. ' ^<^tchat; assail, attack. (Ad, peto.)
(Ad, do.)
Addaco, Aascribo, (or ascribo,) adscripsi,
adduxl, adductum, adduc-Sre, ad-
scriptura, adscrib-6re, to
to lead to; bring forward; ascribe, impute
persuade to; apply
induce. (Ad, duco.)
' to. (Ad. Bcribo.)
Adgo, fcdll
Adspioio, (or ftsplcio.) adspexl,
(for adivi). adttum, adi-re, id-
to spectum, adsplc-6re, to look
go to, approach; (Ad, eo.)
visit. at, behold,
o6««rre. (Ad, spgclo, to look.)
Adeo, adv., to such a degree; so much-
so far; so long.
' Adsu-esco, (or assuesco,) gvl. Slum '
escgre, to be accustomed
Adept-US, a, \xm,perfpart. o/adipiscor. to.
Adlect-O, avi, fitum, are, to aim Adsum, adfiil, adesse, to be ai iMnd;

to
at, be present.
a^tre to. (Frequentative, ôm (Ad, sum.)
afflcio.) Adtingo,
Adffiro, (or (or attingo), attTgl,
affero), adtull, (or attull), attactum,
adtmg-6re, to touch, reach.
allatum, adferre, (or afferre), (Ad, tango.)
to bring
to; carry to ; bring AQUlt-US, a, um, per/ part. 0/ adolesco.
about, cause.
AOlIcio, (or afflcio,) adfBcl,
Adveni-o,adven-l, tum, Ire, to come
to,
adfectum approach, arrive
adfic-6re, to influence the at. (Ad, vcnio.)
mind; affect'- Aavent-US, us, m., an approacl.;
adflcietur malo, he shall be ar-
visited with nvau (Advenlo.)
misfortune; l.e., be punished
(Ad.' Advers-us, a, rxm, adverse,
facie.) unfavourable
to res adversae, adversity
^'^ afflrmo,— wAfcA see.)
: ex advei-so, -.
A^fl™°'
Adflictus,
opposite, (perf part, o/adverto.)
a, um, perf part, o/adfligo.
Attfligo, adflixl, adflictum, Adversus, prep. wUh accus., against
adfllg-gie, to Advoc-0, avi, atum, are, to call to,
dash down, strike down; sum-
weaken. (Ad ' won.
fligo.) (Ad, voce.)
Adhlb-eo, Advol-0, avi, atum, are, to fly to; dart
ni, rtum, gre, to hold to- forward. (Ad, v61o.)
apply to; put in force;
use, employ.
(Ad, hubeo.)
Aed-es, is, /, a temple: also in pi, a
house.
Adipiscor, adeptus sum, adiplsc-;., (dep.
Aedif ic-0, a\1, atum, are, to build, erect
3,) to reach, overtake, gain,
obtain, (Ad (Aeqes, faclo.)
apiscor, to get.)
Adjungo, adjunxi. adjunctum, adjung- Aedu-i, oi-um, m., the Aedui, a
people of
'
6ie to Join
OauL
to, bind, unite. (Ad, jungo Aeger, aegr-a, aegr-um, sick, diseased.
Admlnistr-O, 9vi, atum, are, to man- Aegre, adv., with difficulty: aegre
age, guide, direct. ferre,
(Ad, mlnlstro.) to take (something)
amist. (Aeger.)
192 LATIN VOCABULARY.
Aegrlttld-O, Inls, /, ikkneu ; $orrou). AlSs, alTt-ls, m. or/, a winged creature

(Aeger.) a bird. (Ala.)
Alexander, Alexandr-l, m., Altjcamler.
Aeqn&l-il, 1«, e, equal, limOar; of the
Alias, adv., at another time, in another
tame age, (Aequuai)
way. (Alius.)
Aequitas, aequitat-is, /., fairness, jus-
Alien-UB, a, um, belonging to another,
tice, equity. (Aequus.)
make equal strange: aes alienum, debt. (Alius.)
Aequ-O, avl, atum, fire, to
put on a level Aliquando, adv., sometimes ; once ou a
(with), to equal; to level,
tcith. (Aequus.) time.
um, equal: equable; smooth: Aliquantum, adv., in a considerable

Aequ-US, a,
aequus animus, composure of mind, degree; somewhat

Aliqais, allqua, aliquod, or allqnld, some
equanimity; contentment.
aer-ls, n., brass; copper.
(person or thing).
Aes,
Aliquot, adv., several, some, sundry.
Aesdp-U8, 1, m., Aesop.
(Alius, quot)
AestaS, aestat-ls,/., summer; heat
Ali-U8, a, ud, atother, (of many). (Set
Aetas, aetat-ls, /, age; life; time (gent-
rally). alter.) AlU-alli, some—others. (See
Aetem-tlS, a, nm, everlasting, eternal p. 35, 8.)
Affero, attuU, aUatum, affere. (fiwadfero.) Allat-UB, pw/ part, o/adfero, {whkh see.)
AfficiO. (See adflcio.) Alli-a, ae, /, Allia, a tributary of the
(or adflrmo,) iri. Stum, Sre, Tiber, on the banks of which the Oauls
Affirm-O,
allege, tîrm, declare: cot\firm. (Ad, defeated the Romans, B.C. 390.
Alllcio, allexl, allectum, alllc-Sre, to en-
flrmo, to make strong.)
affligo, or ad- allure, inveigle. (Ad, laclo, to coax.)
tice,
Afflict-TU, petf. part, of
fligo, (which see.) AUienB-is, is, e, belonging to the Allia.
avi, atum, are, to bind to, at-
Age, of ago, ustd as ini r-
agtte, imperat. AllIg-0,
jections,—Come onl Now then I Weill tach. (Ad, Uga)
Ager, ftgr-l, m., a field; a dutrict; the AllSquor, allocatus sum, allSqul, (dep,
8,) tospeak to, address. (Ad, loquor.)

country; land.
Agger, aggSr Is, in., a mound, heap of Al-0, ui, Itum, ere, to nourish, support,
earth, a rampxrU (Ad, gero.) fatten.
Aglt-0, avl, atum, fire, to debate (with Alp-es, ium, m., the Alps.
one'sse^,ponder. (Frequentative,Aom Altar-e, is, n., an altar. (Altns.)
ago.) Alter, altera, alteram, (gen. in lus), an-
other of two, ttte second. (Seep. 35, 8.)
Ago, 5gl, actum, Sg-Sre, to do, act, treat
with; lead, drive: agere gratlas, to Alt-US, a,
um, htgh, taU: also detp:
give thanks: agere augurium, to take alta voce, vnih a loud voice. (Alo.)
hollow ; a hollowed log;
an augury: agere consulem, to play Alv6-UB, i, m., a
the consul : agere de pace, to treat of
an ark ; a hive; the channel of a river.
peace: agitur, it is debated. Alv-US,*-i, /., the belly ; stomach; also a
bee- hive.
Agn-a, ae,/., a (she) lamb.
agnosc-6re, Ambag-es, um, /. pi (abl sing., am-
AgnOSCO, agnOvi, agnltum,
to ac'Mowledge, recognise. (Ad, nosco.) bage), a roundabout way; obscurt
hints; quibbles; circumloctUion. (Ambi,
Agn-UB, i,m.,a lamb.
AgpreBt-is, belonging to the country,
is, e, ago.)
Ambo, ae, 0, both, two together.
rttstic: as subst, a countryman. (Ager.)
a husbandman, far- Ambdl-0, atum, are. to wdli about.
avi,
Agric61-a, ae, m.,
mer. (Ager, colo.) Anuciti-a, ae,/,/nendjAip. (Amicus.)
Agripp-a, ae, m., prop, name of man. AmlC-US, i, m., a friend. (Amo.)
Agrippa Menenius, (R. II. 12.) AmittO, amisl, amissum, amltt-ere, to
throw away; lose; dismiss. (A, mitta)
Ai-0, /»ay. (S«ep.96.)
Al-a, ae,/, otctng. Amn-is, is, m., a river.
Alb-a, ae,/, Alha, a town in Latium. Am-O, avi, atum, are, to love.
Alban-US, a, um, belonging to Alba, Al- Amor, amOr-is, m., love.

ban: in p/., Albanl, orum, the Albans. AmSveo, amSvi, amOtum, amSv-iSre, to
move away, remove. (A, mOveo.)
Alb-OB, a, um, white.
I
LA.TIN VOOABTTLARY.
193
Ampleotor, ainplexns sum, amplectl, Apprehend-0, 1, appreliennim, appro-
(rfep. 3.) to embrace. hend-«re, to seize, lay hold qf. (Ad,
Ampl-ns, a, urn, Bpaeiovs, large.
prehendo.
Amlili-ug, 1, m., Amulius, (proper Apprehens-ns, a, um, p«rf, part, q/
name.)
apprehendo.
An, coty. or adv.,
whether or not. if,
Appropinqu-0, ftrf, atum, are, to ap-
Ancll-e, Is, n., a sacred shield, (tchich u>as proach, (Ad, proplnquus.)
supposed to have fallen from heaven in
Apte, adv., fitly, properly, suitably.
the reiffn of Numa.) Apud, prep, with aecu*., mar; at; among.
Ancill-a, ae, /, a maid-servant. Aqu-a, ae, /, water.
Anc5r-&, ae, /, an anchor. Aqull-a, ae, /, an eagle.
Anc-U8 (Martius), 1, m., fourth king of Ar-a, ae,/, an altar.
Borne.
Arane-a, ae, /, (or araneum, i, n.,) a
AngU8tI-ae, arnm, /, pi, straits, a de- spider; a spider's web.
file. (Angu?tu8.)
Ar&tor, aratOr-is, to., a ploughman.
(See AngUSt-US, a, um, tMrrow, confined, Aratr-um, n., a plough.
l, (Aro.)
strait.
kr\\maAr,t,r'* « a
ArDiwi-um,
Arbitri-um, l,
1, n.,
«., judgment, decision.
decision,
Ammadvert-O, .
!, animadversum,
t
anim- pleasure (in the sense of uHU).
advertfire, to perceive, observe;
(Frmk
punish. arbiter, an umpire.)
(Animus, ad, verto.)
Arbor, (or arbos), arbSr-ls,/, a tree.
Animal, anlmal-ls, n., a living creature, Arc-eo,ui,[Itum,]ere, to keep off, hinder
rn animal. (Anima, life.) Arcess-O, Ivi, Itum, Sre, to tend for,
Anim-mi, l, m., the mind, spirit, disposi- summon, eaU.
tion. (Anima.)
Arc-US, us, TO., a bow, arch.
Anniil-us, i, m., a ring.
Arde-a, ae, /, Ardea, a town in Latium.
Ann-US, i, m., a year.
Ardeo, arsl, arsum, ard-Sre, to bum,
Anser, ansCr-is, TO. or/., a goose. blaze, be dry (as with thirst or great heat).
Ante, prep, governing accus., before, in Argent-um, i, »., silver.
fônt of; adv., before, {of time and Argument-um, l, n., an argument;
place.)
lesson ; proof; fable. (Arguo.)
Antecedo, antecessi, antecessum, ante-
Arid-US, a, um, dry, parched. (Areo.)
ced-6re, to go bôre. (Ante, cedo.) Ariovist-US, l, m., Ariovistut, king of
Antiqa-US, a, um, old, ancient; former. the Germans.
Antdni-US, 1, to., Antony, Aristld-es, is, m., Aristides, a celebrated
Antr-um, i, n., a cave, grotto. Athenian.
An-US, us,/, an old woman. Arm-a, orum, n. pi, armour; arms^
Aper, apr-i, to., a wild boar. weapons.
ApSr-io, ui, turn, Ire, to open, uncover;
Annat-ns, a, nm, perf. part, j/armo.
make known.
Armill-a, ae, /, a bracelet, armlet.
AperÛS.a, um, perf. part, of aperio, (Armus.)
and adj., open.
Arm-o, avi, atum, are, to arm, put on
Ap-is, is,/, a bee. armour.
Apollo, ApoUIn-is, m., Apollo, god of Ar-0,
avi, atum, 5re, io plough,
cuUivate,
music, &c
App&rat-ag, U8, m., preparation. Arrept-US, a, um, perf part, o/arripla
Appgr-eo, ui, Jtum, ere, to appear, be Arrip-io, ui, arrepium, arrip-gre, to
manifest. (Set adpareo.) seize, lay hold (Ad, rapio.)
of.
Appell-0, avi, fttum, ire, to can to, call Arroganti-a, ae,/, arrogance, assump.
on, name.
tion. (Arrogo, ie. ad, rogo.)
Append-0, i, appensum, append-gre, to Ars, artis,/, en-t; skill
hang on, weigh. (Ad, pendo.) Art-US, a, um, (or arctus.) tight, close,
Appens-UB, a, um, perf. part, of ap- narrow.
pendo, weighed.
Art-US, fls, TO., aJoinL
Appeto. (See adpeto.)
Aruns (Tarquinius), Anmti^ to.. Arum
Appiufl (CJaudlns), to., one of the De-
i,
Arv-um, n., a Jleld; properly, a
l,
cemviri.
ploughedfield. (Arc.)
(132)
13
,ir'
104 LATIN VOOABTniATlV.
Arx, Arc-\n,/.,aeH<tdft,/orlreu. Aud-To, Ivl, \lam. Ire, lo he/tr. lint-n.

Al, i>Ml»i m., an at, a Hoinan coin also, ; AufSro, abitull, ablatum, auiune, to
a pound iteight. carry off, bear away. (Ab, fero.)

Ascend-O, i, nscennnm, ascend-Pre, to Auf&g-io, 1, Ituin, fire, to Jtet avafi
climb up, mount, cuamd. (Ai\, scttiido.) (Ab, fuglo.)
Asell •Ul, t. < m
(diminutive qf aalnu^) u Augeo, auxi, anctnm, aug-9re, to tn-
little ast ; a wortMeu au, creau.
Asi-a, ae,/., Alia. Augur, augflr-K wi., an augur, a seer;
Asln-us, i, m., an au, donkey. a pi'ieH who foretold future tvents by

Aspoct-O, ftvi, fituin, fti e, to look at, re- and olhfr omens. (Ety-
ohferviiig birds
garii. mology doubtful.)
Asper, a, nm, rough ; harth, tevere. Augiiri-uin, 1, n., an augury, prop/tecy.
AssSr-O, ui, turn, ere, to Join to; take (Aiigiir.)
hold of: as«erere In Bervitutem, to AugUSt-U8, a, um, venerable; august.

claim at a slave ; literally, to lay hold (Augeo.)
of for ilavery, Anl-a, ae,/., a hall; court; palcu*.
ASBflmo, assumpnl, aHRumptum, as- Aul-UB, i, m., Auhit, a proper name,
ium-ere, to take to one; tak«up; re- Aur-a, ae, /., a breeze.
ceive. (Ad, Bumo.) Aure-UI, a, nm, golden, made of gold.
Astr-nm, i, »., « *tar. Aur-is, Is, /, an ear.
Asyl-um, l, «, a place of shelter, an asy- Auritiil-u8, i, n*., (dimin. o/aui itun.Awn
lum. aurls), a little animal with long ears,
At, conj., but ; but yet ; at least. Aur-um, l, n., gold.
Athen-ae, arum,/ pi., Athens. Auspici-um, l, »., an omen (J'rotn birdt);
Atqne, cor\)., and. (See ac.) an auspice. (Avis, Bpicio.)
Atqui, adv., but yet ; but nevertheless. Aut, conj., either: aut— aut, either— or
AtroZ, get. atrOc-la, fierce, savage, cruel. Autem, adv., but; but on the contrary^
Attlc-i, onim, m., the people of Attica. however.

Attlc-US, a, um, belonging to Attica; Auxlli-um, 1, n., aid, help. (Augeo.)
Athenian, Avar-US, a, um, covetous, greedy. (Aveo,
AttingO, atttgl, attactnm, attlnpf-gre, to to desire.)
touch, reach. (AiX, taiiKO.) Avert-0, l, aversum, cvert-gre, to turn

AttonIt-U8, a, um, perf part, of attmo, away, avert. (A, verto.)
(to thunder at,) thunderstruck; amazed; Aventin-US, l, m., Aventine, one of the
bewildered. hills of Rome.
Anctor, auctOr-ls, m., an author; found- Avide, adv., greedily; eagerly. (Avldus.)
er; first inventor. (Anpeo) AvIdltaS, avlditat-ls, /., greediness;
Auctoritas, auctorltat-lB, /, authority eagerness. (Avldus.)
influence; dignity. (Auctor.) Avld-U8, a, um, desirous, eager; greedy.
Auct-US, a, um, perf. part, of augco. (Aveo,' to desire.)

Audaci-a, ae,/, 6o?dneM, dannjr. (Au- Av-iS, is, /., a bird.
•lax.) Av61-0, avl, atum, are, to fly away. (A,
Audax, gen., andSc-ls, ac^., bold, daring, volo.)

foolhardy. (Audeo.) Avuncul-U8, 1, m., an uncle, (mother's
AudSo, ausus sum, aud-5re, to be bold; brother.) (Avua)

to dare. Av-U8, 1, tn., a grand{father.
B.
B&cHl-um, i, n., and bacul-us, 1, m., a Barb&t-US, a, nm, bearded: as a subst.,
staff, stick. the goat.
Barb-a, ae,/, a heard. Beat-US, a, um, blessed; happy. (Boo.)

Barb&r-US, a, um, <^ strange speech Belg-a, ae, f/i., a Belgian.
foreign; uncivilised: as subat, a bw- Belncos-UB, a, nm, warUtt: fond c^
barian : pi. foreignert. war.
I
LATIN VOOAHTTLARY. 106
Bflll-nm. 1, n., var. advantage: in pi, bona, goodf, pro-
B8n8fIoi-am, l, n., a Undterviee; /i- perty.
vour; btn^t. B6n-Ul, a, nm, good; mortd; uprig/df
BSnS, adv., well. (Bonna.) beautiful, i:.
Bendvolenti-A, ae, /., ffood-wUl; kind- B68, bOv-ls, m. or /.,an ox or eow: in
ne.M. (Dene, volo.) pi., hovcn, cattle. (Seep.SX)
BSnigne, adv., kindly ; generously ; boun- Br&chi-um, l, n., an arm, (properly,
tifully, (nenlfjnus.) from hand to elbow.) lacertub, from
Benignltas, bounty;
benlfcnltat-ls, /., elbow to shoulder.
generusity; kindness. (Uenlgnus.) Brgv-^8, Is, e, short, hritf: brevl, abl,
BSnign-US, a, um, bountiful; generous; in a short time, or briefly.
kind, (Hen [bene], and root of gigno.) Brivlter, <sdv., shortly, briefly.
Besti- a, ae, /., a beast. Britann-i, orum, t,\. tht Britons; sing,
BI'j 0, i, (Ttnm,) 6rp, to drink. BrltannuB.
Bllingn-is, is, o, double-tongued; deceit- BrUm-a, ao, /., ths winter tolstics ; icinlcr,
fid. (Bi [two] llnRua.) (as If brevima, ^revitsima, ie., tli«
Bln-i, ae, a, turo each (time, individual, shortest day.)
<tc) (See Distrib. Numerals, p. 39.) Brat-US (L. Junius), 1, m., Brutus, (pro-
Bis, adv., twice. (Seep. 39.) per name:) also, com. adj., heavy;
Blandlti-a, /, (more usual in pi.,
ao, sluggish; stupid.
blandltl-ae, arum,) a caressing, fond- B\ibil-e (or b6vile),l8,n.,«»»o«*toZ;. (Boi.)
ling; flattery. (Blandus.) Btlbnlo-as, i, m., a hsrdsman, oxherd.
BSnitas, bonitat-is,/., goodness; worth. BuU-a, ae, /., a knob ; a boss, (usually qf
(Bonu!.) gold, worn on neck of Roman children of
BSn-um, i, n., a good thing; blessing; upper classes.)
0.
Cy an abbreviation for Caius. Calv-us, a, um, bald.
Cadaver, c&davgr-ls, «., a dead body, Calx, calc-iB, /., the heel
carcass. (Cado.) Camill-US, i, m., Camilhis, (M. Furlua)
C&do, c^cldl, cfisnm, c&d-Sre, to fall; Camp-US, 1, m., a level plain, ct field.
happen. Candld-UB, a, um, white; bright, shining.
Caec-US, a, nm, blind. (Candeo.)
Caed-es, is, /, a cutting; slaughter; C&n-is, is, m. or/, a dog.
combat; blood. (Caedo.) C&no, cCcIrl, cantum, can-Bra, to sing,
Caedo, cScIdi, caesam, caed-ere, to cut to play (music) ; to prophesy.
km, slay. Cant-9, avi, atum, are, to sing. (Cano.)
Caeli-U8, l, m., CckUus, one of the hUls Cant-US, us, m., song, musical per/oim-
of Rome, ance. (Cano.)
Caesar, CaesSr-ls, tn., Caesar. Can-US, a, um, fioary, grey, white: in
Caesari-€S, el,/, a head of hair. pi., cani, grey hair.
Calamltas, calamltat-ls, /, a disaster, Capax, gen., c&pac-la, ac{;., capacious,
mitfortum, calamity, drfeat (Etymo- spacious, roomy.
logy doubtful) Capell-a, ao, /., a she-goat.
Calcar, calcar-ls, n., a spur. (Calx.) Caper, capri, m., a he-goat.
G&lend-ae, arum,/., the Calends, or first Capess-0, Ivi, Itum, 6re, toeateh at, seite;
day of the month. (From old verb calo, take; undertake; take to: capesBere
to call, proclaim; as tlie priests an- fupam, to take to flight, (Caplo.)
nounced the first day of each month.) C&pill-US, 1, m., a hair.
CS.l-eo (and calesco), ui, 5re, to be Capio, cepl, captum, cap-Sre, to taikt,
warm, catch, capture; captivate; delight, enjoy.
Callld-US, a, um, knowing, cunning, CEp!toli-TUn, i, n., the Capitol, or citadel
crafty, of Rome, f Caput.)
Cftlor, calOr-is, »K., heat, (Galea) Capr-a, ae. /. Capra, (proper name.)
" 51
196 ULTIN TOCABULAIIY
(M^ /. (tfiitnah eaptivt, a itavt. Cenior, cens«r-li, m., a emtor, (an

CaptW-*,
(Capio.) ojficer at Home wfio watched over Iht
Capt-0,»vl, atum, Rio, focatchattagerly: morals of and attended to the

the people,
' to alUntpt, trv. (Caplo.) census-taking and other duties) a critte. ;
Oapt-US, », uui, per/, part, of caplo. (Censeo.)

Vie hcaA; top; ch^f CeUB-UB, us, m., a census, or reckoning of
Caput, cAptt-ls, n.,
the people, their property, <tc. (Censeo.)
part
Centum, num. adj. (mdeclinable), ont
Carcei , carc«r-l«, m., a priton.
C&r-eO, ul, (Itum), Bre, to b€ witftout, to hundred.
be in icant of, to need; to fail. Centfiri-a, ao, /., a century, or body of
Ciritas, carlUlt-ls,/., deamees, affection, one hundred men; one of the sections
love. into which Servius Tullius divided Ih I
Cannon, canntn-ls, n., a tang, poenu Roman people. (Centum.)

Ciro, cam-Is,/, A*'*. « P*"^' of flesh. CSr-a, ae,/, wax.
Carpent-um, J, n., a clutriot, waggon. Cerno,crevl,crClum,cern-«ro, towparart,
6ro, to cull, gallur; distinguish; to see, perceive; determine.
Carp-0, »i, turn,
Cert&men, certamtn-ls, n., a coiUest,
pluck; tear; revile.
much quarrel, struggle. (Certo.)
CS,r-U8, a, um, dear, affectionate,
Cert&tim, adv., emulously, with teal
loved.
(Certo.)
C&B-a, ae,/, a hut, cottoije.
Certe, adv., really, surely, in truth, (Cer-
CasO-US, ii n>., cheese.
Cassi-US, 1, in., Cutsius, (proper tiame.) tua)
Castell-um, i, n., a fort. (Cttstra.) Cert-0, avl, atum, are, to strive, struggle,
Castr-a, oran, n.pL,a camp. contend
Cast-US, a, ura, chaste, pure. Cert-UB, a, um, sure, certain, fixed: fr-
C&a-UB, us, m., an accident; mishap, mis- c6re aliquera certlorem, to certify one, to
fortune, calamity. (Cado.) assure him.
Cervix, cervlc-h, /, the neck; tfu nape o)
Caten-a, ae, /., a chain.
Cathedr-a, ae,/., a seat, chair. the neck,
Catilln-a, ae, m., CatiUne. Cerv-UB, 1, m., a stag, deer,
a puppy, whelp, cub. Cetgr-i, ae, a, //*« rest, tlie others, (ran
C&tiil-UB, i, m.,
(Canls.) in the sing.)
Chabri-as, ae, m., Chabrias, a famous
Caud-a, ae,/., a tail.
Athenian general, (about B.C. 380.)
CaUB-a, ae,/., a caftse, reasorn dbl. causft,
for the sake of: mea causA, for my Cih-UB, i, m.,food.

dicere causam, to plead {in a CIcSrO, Ciceron-is, m., a celebrated
Cicero,
sake:
court of law). Roman and statesman.
orator
Caut-UB, a, um, perf. part, of caveo, Cic6ni-a, ae,/, a stork.

cautious, wary, Circa, prep., about, around, (governs
cautum, cav-ere, to he on aceus.f Sometimes used as adv,
C&veo, civi,
Circlter, prep, and adv., about, near;
one's guard, take cart,
a hole, hollow; cavern, about, nearly (in the sense of almost.)
Cavem-a, ae, /.,
den. (Cams.) Circum, prep, and adv., around, about,
(governs accus.)
C8.V-0, avi, atum, are, to hollow out.
Circumar-0, avl, atum, are, to piouph
C&V-UB, um, hollow: m. and n. (used
a,
substantively), a hole, den, rouncL (Circum, aro.)
CedO, cessl, cessum, c5d-ere, to go, go Circumdo, circumdSdi, clrcumdatnm,

away; to yield; retire from, circumd-are, to put round, to surround.
CelSber (or Celebris), celebr-is, celebr-e, (Circum, do.)

CircumstO, clrcumstltl, (see sto,) to
crowded; much frequented ; famous.
Celer, cel6r-i8, celer-e, swift, quick, active, stand round, encompass.
CSleriter, adv., quickly, speedily. Circ-US, 1, m., a hoop, ring, a ehxus.
Cel-0, &!, atum, are, to conceal, hide. Cltat-US, a, um, perf. part, of clta
Cels-UB, a, um, high, lofty, (all. CitiuB, adv., more quickly.
CenB-eo, ui, um, ere, to be qf opinion; to CitO, adv., qmckly; compar., cltina; sup.
ihittk; beHece; reckon. citiasime.
I
r^TIN VOOABirLAKY.
197
0!t-0, «vl, Itum, Irn, to $Hr up; liMten; C5gIt-0, ivi, lluni, tro, to Ihmi, [Hinder,
call, tumituM. (FroqueiiUtivc, from reflect.
cleo.)
Cognlt-Ut, a, um, known, (perf. part.
CIt-Ui, 8, uiti, ptrf. part, of cTflo, civl, PfiKilOftco,)
<ff
citnin, ciere, to $tir up; tummm.

to call,
Cogndmen, cognomin-ls, n., a surname.
CIv-is, Is, m. or/., a ciluen. (Con, nomen.)
Clvltaa, clviirit-ls,/, cUUtnthip ; the Cognoaco, cojfnOvl, coimUam, coKHOKC.
itate; city. (CIvls.) Cro, to know thoroughl'i; perceive,
un-
Cl&d-es, Is, /, dUatttr, min,forlune
; dt- derstand, recognise. (Con, nosco.)
feat; tlaughter.
C5g0, coCrI, coactum, cohere, to force,
Climlt-O, atum, Bro, to thout out
ftvl,
compel; colUxl. (Con, axo.)
frtquently, or with tamettimt; to baicl.
Coll&ti-a, ao,/., Coltatia, name of a tmcu,
(Clamo.)
Coliatln-ua, I, m., Collatinus, (protKr
Cl&m-O, ftvl, fttum, ftro, to cry aloud, call, name.)
thout; declare.
Collat-aa, a, um, collected, (petfi part,
Cl&mor, clain0r-l9, m., a shout, cry. o/c(iiifero.)
(Clamo.)
CoUect-lls, a, um, perf. part, of coÛtfo.
Clandestln-Ui, a, nm, secret, underhand, Colleg-a, ao, m. or/., a colleague. (Con,
clandestine. (Glum, secretly.) IfiRo, to choose.)
Clangor, cliinKOr-ls, m., a noise, {like Collig-o,colieK-l, colloctum, colliffSra, to
the flapping of wings ; mixed sound of collect, bring together; gain, f Co;), logo.)
mttsical instrutnents, Ac.)
CoU-ia, Is, m., a hill
ClSr-US, a, urn, clear, bright; beautiful;
CoUSquor, collocQtus sum, collOquI, to
famous. converse with. (Con, loquor.)
Class-ia, is, /., a division of the people; Coll-um, I, a, the neck.
a fleet.
Col-O, ul, cultum, col-Cre, to cultivate,
Claudi-U8, 1, m., Claudius (Appius, one worship; prartise: cOlero rem mill,
of the Decemviri): also, Marcus Claudius. tarem, to practise the art of war.
Claud-O, cluus-l, claus-um, claud-6re, to Color, cOlOr-is, m., colour, aspect.
shut, close; conclude, finish.
C61ubr-a, ae, /, a snake.
Claus-us, a, um, perf. part, o/claudo. C51umb-a, ae,/, a do re, pigeon.
Cllens, cllent-ls, m. or /., a client; re- Column-a, ae,/, apHlar, column.
tainer, dependant. (Cluco, to hear.) C6m-a, ae,/, hair; a head of hair.
Clltell-ae, amm, /. pi, a pack-saddle; Comed-0, comCd-l, comesum, or comes-
panniers. tum, comfidere, or comesse, to eat up,
Cloeli-a, ae,/, Cloelia. {See R. 11., 10.) devour. (Con, edo.)
Clusin-i, orum, m. pi, the people of CSmSa, comlt-Is, m. or /., a companion.
Clusium. (Con and stem o/eo, to go.)
ClUsi-um, «., Clusium, the city qf Lars
i,
C5mlti-ain, i, n., the Comitium, or place
Porsena, on the Clanis. where the assemblies of the Roman
Coact-US, perf. part, of cogo, forced, people met. (Con and stem of eo.)
compelled.
ComSmm5r-o, avi, .turn, fire, to call to
Codes, coclU-ls, m., one blind of an eye: mind, remtmber; relate, mention. (Con,
as proper name. Codes (Horatius.) mcmoro.)
Coelest-is, is, e, heavenly, divine. (Coel- Commigr-0, avi, atum, are, to remove
um.) in a body, migrate. (Con, mlgro.)
Coei-um,i, r.., heavtn; the sky. (Old farm Committ-O, commia-i, connnissum,
of sing, is coehis, 1, m., with pi coeli.) committCre, to join together, unite;
Coen-a, ae, /, dinner, supper: a coona, commit, intrust, cause: committere
after supper. praeUum, to join battle. (Con, mitto.)
Coen-0, avi, atnirij are, to dine,\sup.
Commi-U8,i, m., Commius (proper name.)
Coep-i, isse, (seep. 95,) to begiti Commoveo, commovl, comu:6tum, cora-
Coerc-eo, ul, Itum, gre, to restrain. mSv-ere, to move with violence ; to sluxkt.
(Con, areeo.) (Con, raoveo.)
CSgitatio, cojfitatlOn-is, a thought, Commlln-ia,
f., is, e. common, public
rif.ection, deliberation.
|
(Con, nittnus, or mania.)
it ;
I*
198 LATIN VOCABULAllY.
Commftniter, mie., in common; com- c8qu-6re, to boil togeiher; to digat

monly. (CoinmuniB.) (Con, coquo.)
Commtit-O, ftvi, atum, are, to change; Concordi-a, ae, /., harmony, concord.
exc/ianye; alter. (Con, iDutu.) (Con, and cor, the heart.)
li C5m5B-V.3, a, urn, hairy. (Coma.) Concurr-O, i, concur-sum, concurr-Cre,
ill
Compar, comp^r-ij, adj., eqital; a to run together; to fight. (Con, curro.)
match; Me. (Con, par.) ConCUrs-US, ns, m., a running together;
Compir-O, avi, atum, are, 'o put to- a concourse, assembly ; encounter. (Cou-
gether; compare; provid'^; procure. curro.)
(Con, paro.) Condicio, (or conditio,) condiciCn-ls, /.,
Compello, compttll, compulsum, com- a condition, state, agreement; terms.

yell-6re, to dri''e together; compel; press. (Condo.)
(Cou pello.) Condltor, condltOr-is, m., a /ourukr,
Conipesc-O, jH, 6re, to check, restrain, builder. (Condo.)
control Condlt-US, a, um, per/, part. 0/ condo
Complector, complexus sum, com- Cond-O, Idi, itum, {re, to put together,
plect), (ttep..'* to embrace, encompass, /ound, build; hide. (Con, do.)
(Con, and ro ,c plec , ic/old.) Confect-US, a, um, pet/, part. 0/ con-
Compl-eo, Svi, gtum, 5ie, to fill up; flcio, toasted, worn out, itc
finish. (Con, pleo.) Conf 8r-0, contill-i, collat-um, confer-re,
Complez-US, a, um, per/, part, of com- to bring together, collect; compare: con-
plector. feree se, to betake one's set/. (Con, fero.)
ComplfLr-es, es, a, adj.pl., several; very Confert-UJ, a, um, par\,. and adj.,
many. (Con, plus.) closely packed together, crowded. (Cor.-
CompositO, adv., designedly: ex com- feieio.)
agreed ot^ (Compositus.)
poaito, as Conficio, confeci, confectum, confic-
Comprehend-O, i, (n)8um, 6re. to seize, gre, to put an end to, finish; slay.
catch; apprehend. (Cou, prehen'lo.) (Con, facio.)
Coxaprena-US, a, ura, (/w comprehens- Conflagr-0, avi, atum, are, to biate u^
U8,) per/, part, o/comprehendo to catch. bum up ; set fire to. (Con, flagro.)
Com'ûls-US, a, um, per/, part. 0/ com- ConflIg-0, coiifllx-i, eonflict-um, con-
pello. flig-6re, to dcuh together; Jighi. (Con,
CompungO, compunxi, compunctum, fligo.)
_
compung-6re, to sting, prick, (Con, Confod-io, confod-i, confos!)-um, con-

pungo.) fod-6re, to dig into ; stab, kilL (Coii,
Con, used in compoutid words /or cum. fodio.)
Couoieo, conc'vi, concltum, conci-ere, Confug-io, confug-I, confQgit-nm, con-

to urge, rouse, exdtt, quicken. (Cou, fug-Cre, toflee/orre/uge; have recourse
cieo.) to. (Con, fugio.)
Concili-O, avi, atum, are, to unite; con- Congerrh, congess-i, congest-um, con-
ciliate, reconcile; secure. (Concilium.) g6r-6re, to carry together, heap up, col-
ConcillTl-O, avi, atum, are, to Join to- lect, amass. (Con, gero.)
gether; ac^tiist ; devise, contrive. (Con- Conjicio, conjgc-i, conject-um, conjic-
cinnus.) Sre, to throm together; Iturl, dash.
/., an assembly.
Con^.io, conciOn-is, (Con, jacio.)
Concipio, concSpi, conceptum, concip- Conjung-0, conjunx-i, conjunct-um,
6re, iO tuKC up, co;;rr:vc, think 0/; under- conjung-6re, to join together, unite.
stand. (Con, capio.) (Con, jungo.)

Conclt-O, avi, atuii, fire, to stir up, Conjur-O, avi, atum, are, to swear toge-
excite, rouse, hasten or.. (Con, cieo.) ther, conspire, join by oath. (Con, juro.)
ConcIt-US, «^ um, per/, part. 6/ con- Conjuz, m. or/., spouse, yoke-
conjflg-is,
cieo, roused, quickened, <tc /ellow; husband, w\fe. (Conjungo.)
Conclam-O, avi, atum, are, '0 shout out Connubi-um, i, »., mamage. (Con,
together; encourage; cali on. (Con, nCibo.)
clAimi.) Conor, cdnatus sum, cOnaii, (dep. I,) to
C0UC04,U0, coucuxi, cuucoctum, cuu- try, ef»itav<jur.
LATIN VOCABULAKY. 199
ConquiSror, conquestiu sum, conqui<r-t, Consul, consfil-ls, m., a con^tiL
(dtp. 3,) to eotnpkiin qfi lament. (Con, Consulat-ns, us, m., the consulship.
qu6ror.) Cousul-0, ui, tum, ere, to advise or con-
Consciso-0, consciv-l, consclt-utn, consult (for the good of anotfier), with dsit;
Bclsc-fire, to vote together with; approve; to ask advice (of another), with tlie
decree: hence the phrase, Consclvlt accus.
mortem «lbi, he killed hinuelf. (Con, Consumo, consumpsi, consuinptum,
scisco, to vule.) consum-6re, to waste, consume, spend,
Gonsci-ns, a, am, '..onsciouB, privy to. (Con, sumo.)
Conscrlb-O, conscrlps-i, conscript-uin, Consumpt-US, a, um, perf, part oj
conscrtb-Sre, to enroll, levy; to compose. consum-o.
(Cor, scribo.) Conteg-0, contex-i, contec-tum, conteg-
C ^naecr-O, avl, atut , are, to consecrate, 6re, to cover up, cor.ceal. (Con, tego.)
devote. (Con, sacro.) Contemn-O, contemps-i, conteiupt-uin,
Consens-US, us, m., unanimity, agree- contemn-fire, to despise, scorn. (Con,
ment, (Consentlo.) tern no.)
ConsSquor, consecutus sum, consequ-i, Contempt-US, a, um, perf. part, o/con-
(dep. 3,) to come up with, overtake, gain. tenino, despised,
(Con, sequor.) Contend-O, i, content-um, contend-5re,
Consero, consem-l, consert-um, con- to strive for, fight; to liasten toward ; to
sfir-fire, to tie iigether, bind: conserere assert. (Con, tendo.)
msnum. io fight hand to hand: con- Contentio, contentiOn-is, /., exertion,
serere pugnam, to fight. effor*; strife. (Contendo.)
ConsideO, consSdl, conscssum, con- Content-US, a, um, perf. part, of con-
8ld-8re to sit together; tit down, (Cou, tendo, and adj., strained, stretclied.
sideo.) Contcnt-US, a, um, perf. part, of con-
Consider-0, avi, atum, are, to consider; tineo, held in, checked, restrained; satis-
examine. fied,
CocsUi-um, !, n., counsel, advice. Conterr-eo, u^ Itum, ere, to terrify,
Consisto, constiti, constitum, conststere, affright. (Con, terreo.)
to halt, settle, stand still. (Con, sisto.) Contin-eo, ui, content-nm, coutin-5re,
Consol-or, fitus sum, &ri, (c/e/). 1,) to to hold in, check, restrain, (Cou,
console, cony^'t. teneo.)
Conspect-US, us, m., a sight, view. Contingit, impers., (3d sing, of con-
(Conspicio.) tin go,) it happens, falls to one's lot,
Consplcio, conspex-l, conspect-Um, ContingO, conttg-i, contact-um, con-
conspic-fire, to behold, see. (Con, ting-fire, to totu^, . «ucA; happen, (Con,
specie. tango.)
Consplo-Or, fttus sum, SrI, {dep. 1,) to ContlnuO, adv., immediately, forthwith.
observe, behold. (Conspicia) Control pi'ep. with accus., against ; over
COUSp&U-aS, a, urn, evident, conspicu- against: adv., opposite, on the ot/ier
ous. (Consplcio.) hand ; in reply.
Conspir-O, flvl, atum, (Ire, to conspire. Contract-US, a, um, perf. part, of con-
(Con, spiro.) tralin.
Constanti-a, ae, /., firmness, endurance; Contr&h-O, contrax-i, contrac-tuni,-
steatâstnets (of purpose, Ac.) (Con- contrah-fire, to draw together, contract;
stans.) assemble. (Con, traho.)
Constern-O, avi, atum, are, to terrify. ConttibeFni-um, i, n., residence to-
Constiti, per/, of consisto. gether in a tent ; companionship ; so-
ConstltU-O, turn, ere, to let up, estab-
1, ciety; neighbourfiood. (Con, taberna.)
lish, arrange. (Con, statue.) ContiimaZ, gen., contumScîs, adj.,
Const-O, Itl, atum (or Itum), are, to puffed up; haughty, insolent. (Con,
stand fimi, be established; to last. (Con, tumeo.
sto.) ContHmeli-a, ae, /., an insult, haugMf,
Consuetflido, consuetudln-is, /., custom, treatment, an affront, disifrace. (Cun,
habit, (Coit&Us.MXx'' tlUUttOv)
200 LATIN VOCABULAKV.
Conv&lesoo, conval-ul, conralesc-Sre, Cre-0, ftvi, atum, are, to create ; beget ;

to regain strength, grmo tceU. (Con, make; elect.
valeo.) CrSpit-US, us, m., a crash ; harsh noise.
Conven-io, i, turn, ire, to come together, (Crepo.)
assemble ; agree ; suit. (Con, venio.) CrSpusC^l-um, i, n., evening twilight:
Convert-O, l, convers-um, convert-6re, (the morning twiliglU, diluculum.)
to turn round, change, alter. Cresco, crgvl, cretum, cresc-ere, to grow,
Convioi-um, i, n., a brawling noise; increase. (Creo.)
a reproach, abuse. Crimen, crimln-ls, n., a charge, accusa-
Convict-US, us, m., a living with, con- tion; fault.
sorting with; intercourse. (Con, vivo. Crlmic-or, atus sum, ari, {dep.,) to lay
Ccnviv-a, ae, m. or/., a gu^st. charges against, accuse. (Crimen.)
Convivi-um, i, n., a feast, banquet. Crin-is, is, m., Jiair.
(Con, vivo.) Cr5c5dIl-US, i, m., a crocodile, (some-
ConvSc-O, avi, fitum, &re, to call toge- times written corcodilus.)
ther, convoke, assemble. (Con, voce.) Crudel-is, is, e, savage, cruel, Itarsfi.
Coorior, cooitus sum, cooilri, (rfep.,) to (Crudus.) ,
rise up, arise. (Con, orior.) Cruor, cruOr-is, m., blood, gore.
C5pi-a, /, plenty, abundance: in pi,
ae, Crus, crur-ls, n., a leg.
copiae, /orcM, troops. Crux, cruc-is, /., a cross.
C5pi0S-US, a, um, plentiful, abundant, Cubicul-um, i, n., a bed-chamber.
well supplied. (Copia.) (Cubo, to lie down.)
C5r, cord-is, n., the heart Ctlbll-e, is, n., a bed; den; kennel; stye
CSram, prep, tdth cU>l., bôre, in presence (Cubo.)
of. Culp-a, ae, /., a fault, blame.
C5rinth-as, i, /, Corinth, (a city of Culter, cultr-i, 7ft., a knife.
Oreece.) Cult-US, a, um, perf part, o/colo, culti-
CSri-um, i, n., a hide, skin ; leather. vated, worshipped, &c.
Comeli-a, ae, /, Cornelia, (a female Cult-US, us, m., culture, cultivation;
name.) treatment ; mode of life. (Colo.)
Comix, cornlc-is, /, a crow. Cum, prep, with abl, along witit, with;
Comu, corn- us, n., a horn. also as conj., when. (Seequum.)
Cordn-a, ae, /, a crown, chaplet, wreath. Cum-ae, arum, /. pi., Cumae, a town in
Corpus, corpOr-is, a, a body, corpse: Campania, Italy.
vasti coi-poris, qf huge size. Cunct-or, atus, ari, (dep. l,) to delay,
Corrept-US, a, um, perf. part. <tf cor- hesitate.
ripio. Cunct-US, a, um, all, whole usually in
Corrip-io, ul, correptum, corrlp-gre, to pi., all. (Conjunctus.)
seize hastily, lay hold, snatch, carry off. Ciipidltas, cupldltat-is, /, desire, pas-
(Con, rapio.) sion, eagerness; appetite; greed. (Cu-
Corrod-O, eorrOs-i, con-6s-um, corrdd- pidus.) \
• ere. to gnaw in pieces, devour. (Con, Cup!d-US, a, um, eager, desirmu, greedy.
rodo.) (Cupio.)
Corrump-O, con-up-i, comip-tum, cor- Cup-io, ivi, itum, 6re, to covet, desire,
rump-fire, to break up, spoil, deitroy. wis?t.
(Con, rumpo.) Cur, adv., why.
Corrupt-US, a, um, perf. part, qf cor- Cur-a, ae, /., care, anxiety.
rnmpo. Ciir-es, lum, /, Cures, a Sabine totcn.
Corv-US, }, m., a raven, CHri-a, ae, /., a curia (a division of Jio-
Cos, c5t-is,/., a Khetslone. man people) ; senate house.
Cr&B, adv., to-morrow; in time to come. Ctiriati-US, i, »»., Curiatius, (proper
Crass-US, i, m., Crassus, (a Roman name.)
name.) Cur-O, avi, atum, are, to care for, taAc
Cred-0, Idl, Ttum, ere, to believe, trust to. care of, see to, tend (Cura.)
Crediintas, creduUt&t-is, /., readiness to Curr-0, cucurr-i, cura-um, curr-ere, to
belicix, crtdwiiy. (Credulu^; rutt, ftwiieti.
LATIxV VOCABULARY. 201
Carr<-Tll, ns, m., a carnage, vthicle, CastOS, cu8t8d-lg, m. or /, a guardian,
vxtggon, ear. (Cuno.) keeper, guard.
Cors-US, us, m., a running, race; course. Ciit-is, ia,/., the skin.
(Curro.)
Cybeb-a, ao,
/., Cybebe, a goddess,
wife
Cfirul-is, Is, e, curttê ; lella curulis, the of Saturn. The name is also written,
curule chair, on which chi^ magis- Cybibe, or Cybeia, or Cybile, or
Cybile.
trates at Rome sat ; hence curulis ttas Cycn-US, 1, m., a s\Dan: also proper
applied to thb higher (Currus,
ojfices. name.
or cuivus.)
Cypri-us, a, um, Cyprian; (Cyprlua
Curv-US, a, um, bent, crooked, curved.
vlcufl, the Cyprian Rome.)
street, in
D.
Bamn-O, avi, atum, are, to condemn. Dedgcus, d5d5c5r-l8, «., a disgrace, stain.
(Damnum.)
DedltlO, deditlon-is,/, a giving up, sur-
Damu-mn, l, n., loss, damage. render. (D5do.)
Sap-B, or dap-ls, is, /, a banquet, feast. Ded-0, Idl, Itum. 6re, to giveup, surrender,
Often in pL, dapes, (but genitive not
abandon. (De, do.)
found.)
Deduc-0, dedux-i, deduct-nm, deduc-
De, prep, with abl, dou)nfirom;from; out
ere, to lead down; conduct; bring;
of; concerning. had
off, withdraw. (De, duco.)
De-a, ae, /., a goddess.
Defect-US, a, um, worn
out, exhausted;
Deb-eo, ui, Itum, Sre, to owe, be under deprived of; deficient in; (per/, part.
an obligation. In the 3d pers. sint,'. It
o/deflcio.)
Is uspd impersonaUy,— cfe5e<,
it ought, Defend-0, i, defensum, defend-6re, to
must, &c.
keep off, repel, dênd; forbid.
Debll-is, is, weak, feeble, exhausted.
e,
Deflr-0, detul-i, delat-um, defer-re,
to
Seced-O, decess-l, decess-um, deced-gre, carry down or off; conduct; report,
to go away, depart; die. (De, cedo.) accuse; intrust to. (De fero.)
Dgcem, num. adj., (,indeelinable,) ten.
Defess~US, a, um, wearied; worn out;
Decept-US, a, um, deceived, outwitted; (perf. part, of defe.Kscor.)
jperf.part. o/decipio.)
Defetiscor, (or delaiiscor), defessussum,
Dec-et, decebat, decuit, &c., impers. defetisci, to grow wearied, be
verb,
exhausted.
it becomes, it behoves, it is proper. (De, fatiscor.)
(Seep. 97.)
DefXci-0, defec-i, defect-um, deflc-Sre,
Dec!d-0, 6re, to /all down,
I,
drop; die. to faU; forsake, leave; revolt.
(Defacio.)
(De, cado.)
Deg-0, 1, gre, to spend time; live. (De,
D^cim-us, a, um, tenth. ago.)
Declpi»0, dScSp-i, decept-um, decip-5re,
Dein, adv., then; next in order;
after-
to deceive, outmit, over-reach. (De, wards.
capio.)
DeincepB, adv., then, in the next place,
Decor, decSr-ls, m., beauty, grace, ele- thereafter.
gance.
Delude, adv., thereafter, next in order,
Dec5r-0, avi, atum, are, to beautify, then. (De, inde.)
adorn, set off. (Decus.) Dejici-0, dejec-l, dSject-um, d5jTc-6re,
Dec6r-US, a, um, seemly, beautiful, fit- to throw down; cast out
of (De, jacio.)
ting. (Decor.)
Delect-0, avi, atum, are, to deliaht, give
Decurr-O, l, (or decucurrl,) dec;irsnm, pleasure: delectat, impers., it dilighU.
decurr-ere, to run down; to have re- Delet-UB, a, um, perf part. o/*del-eo,
course to, (i.e., torun to.) (De, curro.) obliterated, annihilated, destroyed.
Decus, di^c6r-ls, n., beauty, grace, orna- Del-eo, evl, stum, ere, to blot out, de
ment, glory.
stray.
Decut-io, decuss-i, decns8-um, decut- DeIlb-0, 5vi, Ac,
enjoy.to taste,
(Jre, to shake down; strikt (De, quji- nil*— - . .. . - " .'
i;ciijj-a, avi, acum, are, to bind down,
Uo.) make firm, fasten. (De, llgo
202 LATIN VOCABULAKY.
del6g-l, deicct-um, dei1g-6re, Bfisldeo, desBd-i, destd-Cre, to lU dovnt

'jL)61Ig-0,
chooM out. uUct. (De, ICgo.)
to sit idly ; loiter, lounge. (De, sCdea)
Delin.qu-0, deliqu-1, deilct-nm, dCllnqu- DeSldSri-Um, l, «., « kinging detire;

(De, linqun.) regret (for want of) ; neecL (Desidero.)
6ie, to fail, fall short; sin.
DSsU-io, ul, desult-um, desil-Ire, to leap
Delir-U8 a, um, tUly, doting, half-wilted.
and that from de, lira.)

(l)ClIro, down. (De, salio.)
desit-nm, desin-
Delph-i, orum, m. pi., Delphi, a town of Dgsin-0, desivi (desih,
6re, to leave off, cease, desist. (Do,
Phocis in Greece, with famous temple
and orach. sine.)
destltum, desist-Cre,
Delud-0, dsms-i, dSlfls-um, dCind-?re, DesistO, destlti,
stand off; leave desist. (De,
to mock, laugh to scorn; disappoint. to off,
(De, ludo.) sisto.)
SelUB-US, a, uni, perf. part, of delude, Despect-ns, a, um, being despised, (perf.
bailed. part, o/despicio.)

mad, Desp!ci-0, despex-l, despect-um, d5-
Demens. ?«». dement-ls, a(y.,
8plc-6re, to look down on, despise. (De,
frantic! foolish. (De, mens.)
Demigr-O, avi, atum, are, to wamler spgcio.)
away ; to migrate, einujrate. (De, Desum., deful, deesse, to be away; to
be wanting, or deficient. (De, sum.)

migro.)
DetSr-0, deti1v-i, detiit-um, dCter-fire,
Sfimuin, adv., at length, at last.
Dens, dent-is, «i., a tnuth. to rub off, wear away. (De, tero.)
])eu8-l»S, a, um, close, crowded, dense, Deterr-eo, ui, Itum, ere, to frighten
thick. away; deter; dishearten. (De, terreo.)
Denild-0, avl, atum, are, tolaybare, make Detest-or, atussmp, ari, (rfep. l,) to hate,
naked; expose; plunder. (Do, nudo.) abominate,
Detrah-O, detrax-l, detract-um, detrah-
Denunti-O, avl, atum, 5ie, to denounce;
give fair warning ; declare, (De, nun- 6re, to drag or pull off; take away.
tio.) (De, tralio.)
Dep5n-0, dSpSsu-l, depSslt-um, depon- Detrit-US, a, um, rubbed bare, (perf.
6re, to lay down; nnburden one's self; part o/det6ro.)

bring forth. (De, pono.) De-US, I, m., a god. (Seep. 15, note.)
(or deprendo), i, depre- Deven-io, tum, ire, to come down;

Deprehend-O, i,
hens-um, deprehend-6re, to catch in the arrive; reach. (De, venio.)

Dev6c-0, avi, atum, are, to call down;
act; surprise, detect; arrest. (De, pro-
lead on, entice. (De, vOco.)
hendo.)
Dev6r-0, avi, atum, are, to swallow
DepresS-US, a, um, perf part, of deprl-
greedily, devour, bolt. (De, voro.)
mo, sunk.
depress!, depressum, depilm- DeXtr-a, hand: fern, of
ae, /., the right
Deprimo,
6re, to press down, lower, sink, (De, adj. dexter, era (-ra), erum (-rum).
premo.) Diall-a,'âe, /, Diana, the goddess, sister
Derepo, derepsi, dereptum, d5r5p-gre, of Apollo.

dixi, dict-um, dlc-6r9^ to say,
to creep down. (De, repo.) DiC-0,
speak, declare plead.
Derldeo, deris-l, derls-um, d5rld-5re, tell, ;
Dictator, dictatOr-is, m., dictator, (a

to laugh at, deride, mock. (De, rideo.)
magistrate occasionally elected at Rome,
DerlSOr, derlsor-is, m,, a mocker, a scoffer.
(Derideo.) luxving supreme power.y (Dicto.)
us, m., mockery, laughter, Dictatflr-a, ae, /., the office of dictator,
I)§ris-U8,
dictatorship. (Dictator.)
scoffing. (Derideo.)
Dict-um, i, n., a saying, report, ,word,
Sescend-O, i, descens-um, descend-Cre,
to go down, descend.(De, scaiido ) command. (Dico.)
Describ-O, descrips-l, descript-um, de- Dict-US, a, um, per/, part. ()fdico.
BcribCre, to write down; assign; describe. Dldici, perf. ind. act. 0/ disco, to learn.
(De, scribo.) Dies, diei, m. or/, a day, time: in pi
tum, ere. to de.'êrt, abandon. masc., days, $easons.
Dessr-O, ui,
T*:«'T-ri ia I. /. ,i,.Kj..,U /Wnrnnmniirl.
JjiiUvit-'Ha, a, um, per/, pari, ii,' dSscro, X?iili\.Ji--ot''^^ • 1 ••V"-'"'- \ r
abcmdonid. sun. Bee p. 37.)
LATIN VOOABULAEY. 203
BigSr-O, dipcss-l, dl|re»t-nm, dlger-gro,
Dl8trIbu-0, I, turn, ere, to divide, dii-
to carry in difftrent dtrecttona; t/i(/«(. tribute. (Di, tribuo.)
(Di, gero.)
Diu, adv., for a long time.
Dlglt-U8, 1, m., a finger. Diutius, adv., (compar. of dlu), longtri
Dignitas, digmtat-is,/, worth; dignity, (superL diutissime.)
honour. (Dlgnus.)
DiQtum-UB, a, um, of long continuance,
Dign-us, a, um, worthy, deterred, meet. protracted, tasting. (Diu.)
DiUgens, gen. diligent-is, loving (one's
Divers-US, a, um, different, vaHed,
work); diligent; cartful (Dillgo, to
Jfjif- part, o/dlverto.)
love.)
Dives, gen. divlt-is, a<^., rich ; compar
Dillgenter, adv., carûlly; with dili- divitior, or ditior; superl. divitissiums,
gence. (Dlligens.) or ditissimus.
Dimicatio, dimicatlOn-is, /., a contest, Divid-0, divis-l, divis-um, divld-ere, to
struggle, fight. (Dlmico.) divide, separate. (Di, video )
Dimico, fivl, or ul, atum, 5re, to fight, Divinit-U8, adv., divinely, by divine di-
struggle, contend. (Di, mico.) rection. (Divinus.)
Dimitt-0, dimis-i, dimiss-um, dimltt-
Divin-US, a, um, belonging to a god;
6re, to send awa^^ dismiss; let go; drop divine, heavenly. (Divus.)
(Di, mitto.)
Divitiac-US, i, m., DivUiacus, a chief of
Dionysi-US, 1, in., Bionysius, (proper the j£dui, a Gallic tribe.
name.)
Diviti-ae, arum, /. pi., riches, wealth,
Cirigo, direx-I, dlrect-um, dirlg-6re, to
resources. (Dives.)
set right; make straight ; arrange;
di- DiV-U8, i, m., a god, a deity.
rect, guide. (Di, rego.)
Do, dedi, datum, dare, to give, bestoic:
Dirlp-io, ui, dlrept-utn, dirlp-Bre, to dare poenas, to suffer punishment:
carry off, plunder, destroy. (Di, rap- dare loto, to put to death.
_io.)
D6c-eo, ui, turn, gre, to teach, show,
Siru-0, 1, dirii-tuni, 6re, to pull down, inform, tell.
destroy. (Di, ruo.)
DScil-is, is, e, easily taught, quick in
Disced-0, discess-i, discess-um, discSd- perception, docile, (Doceo.)
Sre, go
to away, depart; separate. D0Ct-U8, a, um, taught, learned; (perf
_(Dl,«do.) part, o/ doceo.)
Liscera-O, dlscrSv-i, discretum, dis- D6cument-um, 1, n., lesson, example;
cei-n-gro, to separate between, distiih- proof illustration; warning. (Doceo.)
guish, point out. (Di, cerno.)
D61-eo, ui, Itum, 6re, to feel pain; to
Discipiil-U8, i, m., a learner, pupil, grieve, lament. (Dolor.)
disciple. (Disco.)
D61o, 0- dolon, a staff uith
dolOn-is, m.,
Disb-0, didlc-i, disc-6re, to learn.
sharp iron point; a sting.
Discordi-a, ae, /., alienation of heart;
D61-0, avi, atum, are, to hew ; to bela-
discord, disagreement. (Discordo.) bour, cudgel.
DisCOrd-0, avl, atum, are, to disagree. DSlor, dolor-is, m., pain, grief, sorrow.
(Di, cor.)
Dolose, adv., crqftily, slyly, deceitfully,
Dispar, gen. dispSr-is, not a match, un- (DolOsus.)
equal, unlike. (Di, par.)
Ddlos-US, a, um, crqfly. (Dolus.)
Dissimil-is, is, e, WilUe, dissimilar. Dol-US,i, m., adevice, trick; guile, fraud,
(Di, similis.)
deceit.
Dissimul-0, ari, atutn, are. to conceal Domi, gen. of domus, (wed adverbially,)
thejruth, dissemble. (Di, « ', .-o.) at liome.
Diss61ut-US, um, per/, par., of dis-
?.,
Domicili-um, i, n., a house, abode,
Bolvoj as a^., abandoned, dissolute, lodging, domicile. (Domus.)
licentious.
DSmin-a, ae, /., « mistress, owner,
Dissolv-O, 1, diisdlQtum, dissolv-5re, to Domin-UB, i, m., a master, owner, lord
break up, dissolve (Di, solvo.) JDomus.) (<Se«! magister.)
Distr&h-O, distrax-i,
dlatract-um, dls-
iraii-ere, to tear asunder,
-7 — . — 1 — *^ -.* ..»«"*(-c.j Cvn*lttztf
separate; dis- tame.
tract, perplez. (Di, tralio.)
Dom-US, Qs, /., ahouse, home, (Stip. 3G.;
)
DSneo, adv. or cot\f., until. DflO-O, dux-i, duct-uni, dflcere, to lead,

D5ll-0, &vi, atuin, ire, to ffive a gift; to guide; think, suppose: dunere uxorem,
bestow. (Donuir to marry a wife, (Dux.)
Don-um, i, n., a g\fX, present. Dulc-is, is, e, sweet, pleasant, agreeable.
Dorm-io, ivi, Uum, ire, to sleep. Dunfi', cor0. or adv., fohilst.
Oors-um, n., a back; i, ridge (of a hill, Dumnorix, Dumn6rlg-is, m., Dumnorix,
road, <bc.) an Jiduan chief.
I)5s, dSt-ls, /, a gift, dowry ; a gift of Duo, ao, 0, {.card, num.,) two. (iSee
nature, an endowment. (Do.) p. 39.)

Dubit-0, avi, atum, are, to doubt, heii- DuodScim, (card, num.,) twelve.
. tati. (Dubius.) Dupllo-O, avi, atum, are, to make two-
Dubi-UB, a, um, doubfful, not ea*ily fold, double; enlarge. (Duplex.)
settled; undecided. (Duo, two, and old Dtir-US, a, um, hard, harsh
verb, blto, to go.) Dux, dQc-is, m. or /., a leader, guiJi,
Dficent-i, ao, a, two hundred. (Duo, commander.
centum.)
E, or ex, prep, with abl, out of, from, E is Ego, niel, /, (first pers. pron.,—on which
used before consonants, and ex before see p. 41.)
vowels. EgrSdior, egressus sum, egrgdl, (dtp,
£blb-0, 1, Uum, 6re, to drink up, drain, 3,) to go forth, depart, (E, gradior.)
(E, bibo.) EgrSgi-US, a, um, extraordinary; ex-
EbUT, fibOr-is, n., ivory, cellent; conspicuous. (E, grex.)
Eburne-US, a, um, made of ivory. Ejici-0, ejgc-i, eject-um, ejlcSre, to cast
(Ebur.) out, throw forth, banish. (E, jacio.)
Ecce, intetj., lol behold! look here I Elabor, elapsns sura, elabi, (dep, 3,) ta
£d-0, 5di, 6sum, 6d6re, to eat, consume, glide forth, slip away, escape, (E, labor.)
£d-0, idi, Uum, 6re, to give forth, utter, £lapS-US, a, \xm, petf, part. o/5)ubor.
publish, proclaim, (E, do.) Elat-US, a, um, perf. part, of effero.
Educ-0, Sduxi, educt-um, 6duc-6ra to Eleganti-a, ae,/, neatness qf dress, ele-
lead forth, (E, duco.) gance, grace. (Elegans.)
EduC-0, avi, atum, are. to bring up, edu- Ellv-0, avi, atum, are, to lift up, raise;
cate, train, make light; make light qf, disparage.
Effect-US, us, m., result, effect, issue: (E, 16vo.)
s'Mcess, (Efflcio.) ElIg-0, §16gi, electum, ellggre, to choose,
Effiro, extttl-i, elatum, efferre, to carry select, elect. (E, 16go.)
forth; to bring out, publish; save, (E, Eloquens, gen. eloquent-is, part, o/elo-
fero.) quor; also, a^j., eloqueht, speaking well
Effigi-es, 6i, /•, an image, likeness. (E, (out.)
fingo.) Elud-0, elfis-i, elusum, 61ud-6re, to es-
Eifug-io, i, Uum, 6re, to escape, avoid. cape from ; mock ; elude, baffle. (E,
(E, fugio.) ludo.)
£ffugi-um, i, n., escape, rescue, (EfFu- Emin-eo, ul, ere, to tower upward, bt.
pio.) raised high, be conspicuous. (E, niineo;

Effund-O, etfudi, effflsum, effundfire, to see immineo.)
pour forth, gush out; lavish. (E, fuiido.) Emitt-0, emis-i, emiss-um, emitt-Cre,
£ffuB-US, a, um, perf. part, of effundo. to send forth ; let fall, drop. (E, mitto.)
spread abroad. EmSrior, Bmortuussum, emOri, (dep. 3,)
Egens, gen, ggent-is, acif,, poor, needy , to die outright, to die. (E, morior.)
(part.pret. w/egeo.) Eu, intetyec., lot behold I
Eg-vO, 3i, Sre, to bi m need, to want, to Sullil, 'OTfj., for, = ort4 thi reoscfi if
be poor. Ens-is, is, m., a sword.

LATIN VOCABULARY.
205
Eo, Ivl, ttum, Ire, to go.
(See p. 82.) Ev5c-o, avI, atum, are, to call otit, mm.
Eo, adv., to that place, thither: also,
mon. (E, TOCO.)
there.
Ex, prep, with abl, out of. (Set E.)
Ephgsi-U8, a, urn, of Ephem; (applied Exactor, exactOr-ls, m., on overseer;
to Diana.)
collector; exactor. (ExTgo.)
Epi8t61-a, ae, /, a Utter, epistle, dj- Excell-0, ui, excels-um, excell-gre, to
bt
tpatch.
eminent; to surpass, exceed, excel.
EquSs, equTt-is, (Ex,
m., a horseman; a knight. cello.)
(Eqiius.)
Excio, exclvl (excil), excitnm, excire,
Equester, (or equestr-i8,)i9, e, equestrian, (part., excltus, or excltus), to call
belonging to a horseman, or forth,
to cavalry. rouse, excite. (Ex, clo, or cleo.)
(Eques.)
Excipi-o, except, except-um, exclp-Cre,
Equidem, adv., indeed, I for my part. to take in suceesswn, to follow,
(Ejfo, quidera.)
succeed;
catch. (Ex, capio.)
Equitat-U8, as, m., cavalry, fu>rse sol-
ExcItat-US, a, um, perf. part, of ex-
diers. (Equito.)
cTto.
Equ!t-0, avi, atum, are, to ride. (Eques.)
ExcIt-0, avi, atum, are, to rouse hastily;
Erect-US, a, um, raised up, erect: erecta caU forth; e.xcite. (Ex, clto.)
expectatione, expectation being on tip.
Excitus, (or excitus), perf part, of
toe, (per/, part, of erigo.)
excio.
Erga, prep, with accus., towards. Exempl-um, I, n., an example, an illus-
ErÔ, adv., thertfore, accordingly.
tration, instance; fable.
Erig-0, erex-i, erect-um, Srlg-6re, to
set Exeo, exli, exitura, exire, to go forth,
up, raise ; encourage. (E, rego.) depart (Ex, eo.)
Erip-io, ul, erept-um, mp-Sre, to snatch
Exerc-eo, ui, itum, gre, to exercise, prac.
away; drag from, rescue. (E, rapio.)
tise, employ. (Ex, arceo.)
Eriid-io, Ivl, Itum, ire, to cultivate, poU
ExercIt-US, as m., an army. (Ex-
ish; educate, instruct. (E, rudis.) erceo.)
Erumpo, Srtipi, eruptum, 6rump-6re, Exhib-eo, ui, itum, gre, to hold forth,
to burst forth, sally forth. (E, rumpo.)
j
exhibit, show; make proof of. (Ex,
Esc-a, ae, /., food; a bait. (Mo, habeo.)
gs-um.)
ExigO, exegl, exactum. exig-Sre, to
Escend-0, escens-um, escend-6re,
l,
to drive out; tc spend; pass time; to ex-
climb up, mount. (E, scando.)
act. (Ex, ago.)
Esquilin-US, i, m., the EsquiUne hill at Exili-um, (or exsiUum), I n., exile,
Rome. banishment. (Exul.)
Esur-io, M, itum, ire, to desire to eat; Existim-O, avi, atum, ars, to esteem,
be hungry. ( Edo, es-um.) value ; consider. (Ex, aestimo.)
Et, co>y., and: et—et, both—and: adv., Exiti-um, i, n., destruction. (Exeo.)
also.
Exit-US, us, m., departure; issue, end.
Etiam, conj., also, and also ; adv., also, (Exeo.)
even.
Exorior, exortus sum, exoriri, (dep. 3,\
Etruri-a, ae,/., Etruria, part of Italy. to rise out of, to arise; begin. (Ex,
Etrusc-i, orum, m., the Etrurians. orior.)
Evad-0, ovas-i, evas-um, evad-6re, to go Exorn-0, ari, atum, are, to adorn, equip,
forth, escape. (E, vado.) ornament. (Ex, orno.)
Evagat-US, petf. part. o/evSgor. Exor-0, avi, atum, are, to obtain by en-
Evagor, evagStus sum, evagari, to wan- treaty to beg earnestly.
; (Ex, oro.)
der forth. (E, vagor.)
Expectatio, (or exspectatio), expecta-
Evell-0, evelli (or evalsi), evuls-um, ti5n-i8,/, expectation. (Expecto.^
evell-gre, to pluck out, pull out.
(E, Expect-0, avi, atum, are, to wait for,
vello.)
expect.
Event-US, us, m., an event, issue, result. Expgd-io, Ivi, Itum, ire, to set _free, re-
(Evenio.)
move obstructions, extricate: get ready i
Ev8rt-0, i, evers-um, 6vert-ere, to over- •explain: expgdit, impers., it is profit-
turn. (E, verto.) able. CEx, a«<f pes, pedis.)
206 LATIN VOCABULAEY.
Exiplr-O, avl, Rtnm, Rr«, to IrtatW^tf*:

Ezpello, expHll, expnl»-um, expell-Bre,
(Ex, pello.) expire, die. (Ex, splro.)
to drive out, expel, banith.
ex- EzBtinot-UB, a, um, (orextlnctut,) per/
ExpJIriinen-tum, 1. n , a trial, tat,
(Experior.) part, of exillnguo.

periment,
ExstingUO, (or extlncno,) exstlnxl, ex-
ExpSrior, cxpertas sum, exper-lrl, (dt-p.
Btlnctum, exstlngu-Sre, to blot out, put
4.) *) try, experience. (From
root perl-,
out, extinguish, destroy: exstlnctuB
mor-
totrv, a* found in perl-tua, peri-culum,
bo, having died of disease. (Ex, tlnguo.)
Ac.)
Expera, ««»•, expert.i», a(l}., without Exsul. (SeeExul.)
a share of, devoid of, dettituU of. (Ex, ExBul-0. (See Exulo.)
EXBUlt-0, avl, atum, are, to bound forth,
pars.)
atnin, or Itum, Rre, leapvp; exult; rejoice. (Ex»lllo.)
Expllc-O, avl or ul,
to unravel, unfold; nui.ie plain;

expand. Ext-a, orum, a pi, the entrails, (heart,
lungs, liver.)
(Ex, pUco.)
Exterr-eo, ul, ttum, ere, to terrify, «/•
Expl5rat-US, a, um, perf part, qf ex-
fright. (Ex, te.rreo.)
plore.
Extra, adv., outside, beyond: prep, with
Ezpl5r-0, avl, stum, are, {to cry aloud,)
acctu., beyond, wilhotii.
to search out, examine, reconnoitre, ex-
Extraot-UB, a, um, perf. part, of ex-
plore.(Ex, ploro.)
traho.
Expdno, exp68U-i, expestt-uni, expfin-
nutke ExtrahO, extrax-l, extractum, extrah-
to set forth, put forth, expose,
6re,
6re, to draw forth, pull out, extract.
known, display. (Ex, pono.)
(Ex, traho.)
ExpOSCO, expOposcl, exposc-Sre, to de-
Extrem-U3, a, um, tuperl. o/exterus, or
mand eagerly, implore, entreat. (Ex,
exter, (seep. 87, 6), the last; highest.
posco.)
Extundo, cxtfidl, extasum, extund-Sre,
ExpSsit-US, «, um, perf. part, of ex-
to beat out, kick out. (Ex, tundo.)
pOno.
Expugn-O, avl, atum, are, to take by Exul, exul-ls, m. or/., an exile.
Exulo, avl, atum, are, (or oxsulo,) to be
storm, storm, capture. (Ex, pugno.)
an exile to go into exile. (Exul.)
a, um, perf. part, qf ex-
;
ExpulB-UB, plunder,
Exu-0, i, (ri)tum, 6re, to strip off,
pello.
despoil, divest of : exuere patrem, to di-
Exsgr-O, ui, turn, 6re, to thrust forth ; set
vest [one's self) of a father's feelings. (Eo
forth plainly; show; prove. (Ex, sero.)
(See Exlllum.) [ex] duo.)
Exsili-um.
atum, are, to look for, Exlir-0, exu88-l, exust-um, exur-Sre, to
Exspect-0, avl,
expect, await. (Ex, specto.) bum up, parch, dry. (Ex, Qi'o.)
r&Tjell-a, ae, /, « little fable, a fable, Fact-U8, a, um, perf. p -t. of flo, p. 82.
{See Facio.)
story. (Fabula.)
a workman, mechanic. Eacund-UB, a, um, eloquent, fluent; I.e.,
F8.ber, fabri, m.,
composing readily. (For, fatus, to
(For, fS-tus.)
Tabul-a, ae,/, a fable.
speak.)
X'aci-eB, 6i, /, make, form, appearance;
«<&'., deceitful,
(Faclo.) Pallax, gen., liallac-ls,
fiue, countenance.
treacherous. (Fallo.)
raclle, adv., easily; (rarely, /octZt/er.)
(For com- Fallo, fefelU, falsum, fall-Sre, io deceive,
racU-iB, is, e, easy ; affable.
(Facio.) cheat; to escape rwtice: fallere fidem,
pariton, see p. 37.) 1
more easily. to break faith.

PaoilidB, adv.,
a deed; (gener- Faleri4, Orum, m., Falerii, a town o
TacinUB, faclnSr-ls, n.,
a crime. (Facio.) Etruria, in Italy.
ally) a bad action,
factum, fac-ere, to do, make F&lisc-i, orum, m., the Falitci, inhabi-
F&cio, feci,
tants of Falerii.
passive, flo, p. 82.
a party, clique, Fal8-US, a, Uiii, faUe, deceKfd, ffeset'^r-
Faotib. factlbn-is, /.,
oui, (Fallo.)
faction (Facio.)
LATIN VOCABULARY.
207
Flm-a, ae,/, rtport. rumour; tht teak Ferr-um, !, «., iron ; a sword.
of the country ; famt. (For, fa-tiis.)
F8r-U8, a, um, mill, savage, fierce.
'*'"^' *""!'<»'.•/«»«•>»«; poverty.
vx r?'' FSr-US, 1, TO., a wild beast.
f amill-a, ae,/, a houie/wld (of tlavet) FeS8-U8, a, um, wearied, worn out,
domesties; a family. er-
(Famulus.) hantted. (Fatlsco.)
Famlliaritai, famlllarltat-i«, /., inti- Festin-O, avl, atum, are, to mate haste,
macy, jriendsMp. (Famllla.) has^
r&n-um, I, n., a thrine, temple. (For, Fet-a8, us, m., offspring, young,
fa-tu&)
a brood.
(See Felix.)
Fas, n., {indeclinable,) right, (according Fict-U8, a, um, per/ part qf flnpo,
to law of Heaven.)
made-up, feigned, groundless.
FaBtld-io, Ivl, Itum, Tre, to loathe, dis- FIdel-is, i», e, faitiiful, trustworthy, re.
dain, scorn. (Faatuii, haughtinest.) liable. (FideM.)
Fast-UB, a, um, lauful: fastus dies, a Fid-es, f\,f., faith; truthfulness, sincerity;
day on which common busineu might
be honesty; credit; a vow; promise: ser-
rfow; (opposed to n<AM<iM.) (Fas.) vare fldem, to keep a promise: viol ,ie
Fiteor, fassus sum, fat-5rl, to coi\feu, fldem, to break a promise.
acknowledge. (For, fa-tus.) FldHci-a, ae, /, confidence ; hence, pre.
Fatig^-atus, a, um, perfparU o/fatlg-o, sumption, assurance. ;Fidu«.)
avi, &c, to weary, tire; annoy,
vex. Fid-U8, a, um, trusty, faitl\ful, to be re-
FatisCO, (more rarely fati»cor, dep.), lied on. (Fldo.)
fatisc-6re, to go into clefts, to
crack, Figur-a, ae, /, figure, shape; make.
open ; be wearied.
(Kingo, root qf which is flg-.)
Fftt-um, 1, n.,fate, destiny. (For, fS-tus.) Fili-a, ae,/, a daughter; dot and abl
FaUStiil-US, 1, m., Fauttulus. pi., fllils, or flllabus.
Fauc-es, ium, / pi., the throat, gullet; Fili-us, i,m.,a son: vac sing., flll, for
mouth; a narrow pau, strait, defile. fllie.
(Fauce, abl. sing, of obsolete faux, some- Fing-0, flnx-1, flct-nm, flng-ere, to make
times used.)
up, fashion, form ; invent; devise ; feign.
(Faux.) See faucei
F!n-io, Ivl, Itum, Ire, to finish, put an
F&V-U8, a honey-comb.
i, TO.,
end to. (Finis.)
Fax, a torch, firebrand.
fSc-is,/.,
Fin-is, Is, m. or /, an end, limit, fron-
FecXai-is, (or fetlalis,) is, m., a priest: tier: in pi., territory.
pi., fecial-es, Ium, m., a brotherhood
of Finltlm-as, a, um, bordering on, neigfi-
priests at Rome, under whose charge were
bouring: as subst, q neighbour, inti-
the demanding of satiâction from ene-
maUfriend. (Finis.)
mies who had injured the slate, the declar-
Fio, factnssum, fieri, (pass, o/facio,) to
ation of war, and the making oftreatifs.
be made; become; happen. (Seep. 82.)
Fel-es, (or fgl-is,) Is,/, a cat.
Firm-US, a, nm, firm, strong, well-knit
Felix, gen., f51ic-la,
adj.,fruUful; favovr- Fisc-US, i, m., a money bag, pwtse.
able, lucky, fortunate,
happy. (Fe, root Fligell-um, i, n.,alash, whi^;' (dimin.
of old verb, which is seen in fe-tus,
feo,
q^flagrum, a whip.)
_fe-cundu8, fe-mlna, &c)
Flagit-0, avl,, atum, are, to demand
Femin-a, ae, /, a female (of any ani- (imperiously), insist on. (Frequentative,
mal); a woman. (See ur^r Fe\lx.) verb from root flag-, which occurs in
Fenestr-a, ae, /, an opening in the wall flagro, to bum, be in a passion.)
of a house (to admit light) ; a window. Flamen, flamln-ls, m., a priest (of some
Fer-a, ae, /, a wild beast particular deity). (Said to be from
Fere, adv., almost, commonly. filum, a which was worn on the
fillet,
Fer-io, fer-Ire, to strike; kill. head. Old form of spelling, âmen.)
Fer-O, tuli, latum, ferre, to carry, bear; Flamm-a, ae, /, a flame, blaze, torch,
say; to suffer: aegre ferre, to take (From root flag-, (see Flagito,) cu if
amiss, take to hearL flagma.)
F8rox, ferOc-is, adj., self-confident, prmd; Flav-US, a, um, yellow, golden.
vrud, fieice, iuvoge^ cruoi A*
,-
<.\ FlectO, flexl, flexum, fiect-ere, to btndt
(Fenw.) change; turn.
[
208 LATIN VOCABTJLARY.
Fl-eO, «tI, Btum, ere, to tetep, lament^ Fradn-um, (or frinnm,) 1, «., a Mi
uaiL bridle; pi fTaena, n., or fraenl, m.
Flet-U8, u% m., weeping, lamentation, (See FrCnum.)

wailing, Fr&gor, frag^r-ls, to., a crash, noise,
F15r-eo, ul, ere, to Jlov>tr, /lourith ; be din. (Franpo.)

prosperout; be/amom. (Flos.) Frang-0, trPg-l, fract-um, frang-6re, to
break, shatter overcome, subdue.

F168, tiOr-ls, m-, a blossom, ftovtr. ;
Fluct-U8, u^ m., a wave, billow. Fr&ter, frfttr-is, m., a brother.
Fraud-0, &vi, atum, are, to cheat, de-

(Fluo.)
a stream, river ceive, overreach, outwit. (Frans.)
Flumen, flQmln-is, «.,
Fraufl, fraud-is, /, deceit, guile, fraud,
food. (Fluo.)
Fluvi-ua, 1, m., a stream, river. (Fluo.) trick.
Fren-um, n. (See fraenum.)

F6cfil-US, i, TO., a little hearth, bratier, l,
FrequentiuB, adv., more thickly (peo-

chafing dish ; (dimin. from f5cu^ a
hearth.) pled), more crowded; more frequently.
F8d-io, fO<ll, fossum, fBd-ere, to dig, (Frcqucns.)
delve, penetrate. Fr8quent-0, avl, atum, are, to visit fre-
quently; fiequent. (Frequens.)

Foed'US, a, uni, /out; disgrac^l.
FrigUS. friB6r-is, n., cold: in pi, cold
Foedus, foed6r-l8, n., a league, treaty:
icero foedu^ to make a treaty. days, cold weather,
Friv61-US, a, um, silly; trifling, petty,
FSli-um, 1, n., a leaf.
frivolous; worthless.
Fons, font-is, TO., a fountain, spring.
Frons, ft-ont-is, /., the forehead, brow;
For, fStus sum, fori, (dep.,) to speak, de-
clare, itc, front.
F5ras, adv., to the doors, outward, out of Frons, frond-l»,/., a leaf; foliage.
doors; abroad. It is an old accus. Fruct-U8, us, TO., enjoyment; fruity
appear In the produce; income; consequence, result.

pi., whose dat and abl.
ttAy.foris, out of doors, abroad. (Fruor.)

to be about to be ; (de- Frtiment-um, (».«., ftflgimentum,) i, n.,
FSre, and fBrem,
fective verb, for which see p. 78, com, grain. (Fruges.)
Fruor, fructus, or fruitns sum, frul,
note t-)
form; beauty; (dep. 3,) to etyoy, delight in.
Form-a, *e, /., sltape,
FrUStra, adv., in vain uselessly.
general appearance, carriage, bearing.
;
Frust-um, a bit, crumb, broken

(Said to be derived from firo, or from
l, «.,
by transposition of letters.) piece, scrap.

Gr. fiop*/)^,
Frutex, frutlc-ls, to., a shrub, bush;
FormiC-a, ae,/, an ant.
beauti- shrubbery.
Form58-UB, a, vxa, finely formed,
FruX, frug-ls, (usually in pi, fiHg-es,)
ful (Forma.)
Forsan, (Jor fors sit an,) adv., perhaps, um, f. I fruits of the earth, produce, yield.
''chance so." {Yor% chance.) Fuc-US, i, TO., a drone bee,

(Fors.) Fuifeti-US, l, to., Fuffetius.
Forte, adv., by chance, perhaps.
Fort-lB, is, e, strong ; brave.
Fug-a, ae,/.,/«j7A<.
Fortissime, adv., (superl,) very bravely. Fug-io, fug-i, fQgltum, fQg-ere, to flee,
runaway; try to escape; avoid. (Ffiga.)
Fortitude, fortltadm-is, /., bravery;
fortitude; endurance. (Fortls.) Fugit-O, avi. Stum, are, to run away
chance, hastily, Siâmper off, (Frequentative,
Fortuit-US, a, um, accidental,
casual. (Fors.) from fugio.)
Fortun-a, ae, /., fortune: as proper Fiig-O, avl, atum, are, to put to flight,
name, the goddess Fortune. (Fors.) hunt away, beat off. (Fugo.)
Fulg-eo, fuls-i, fulg-5re, to shine,
For-uni, i, «., a market-place; the For-
ghtter.
um {(it Rome.) (From.
Fulgur, fulgiir-is, n., lightning.
Fove-a, ae,/.,a;)rt; weU.
Foveo, fBvl, fBtum, fSv-Bre, to warm; Fulgeo.)
Fuliaen, folmln-ls, »., (te., fulgimen,)
cherish; caress, fondle
^ du..*^j]j.-.hû , jt ccdam^y. (FiUfceo-)
Ifact-US, a,xuii, broken; {perf.puri. if
Falmiae-US, a, um, belongtng to light.
fraagu.)
LATIN VOCABULARY.
209
ning:lioMn%ng.Hkt; thumiering de-
ttruetive.
; Fund-ua, I, m., the hoUom or base qf
(Fulmen.)
anything; a farm,
Pund-a, ae, /, a iling; easting-net.
Fflnus,
estate. /
funCr-ls, n., a burial, fUneral;
FundltUS, adv., ffoin the very founda-
death.
tion; by the root; entirely,
(Fundus.) " completely.
J V Fflr, fflr-ls, m. or/, a thi/f.
Furi-U8, m., Furiut (Af. Camillut).
Pund-0, avi, fttum, are, to lay the bate-
1,
ment of, fouml; fatten, fecure. FurtXm, adv., by itealth; tecrttlv.

(Fundus.) tFuj.)
rundO, mdl. rasum, ftind-Crc, to
pour
o..t; thed; product abundantly;
F«H4», In, m., a club, cudgel
put to rutflr-u>, a, um, about to
rout, defeat. be; (A.t
part, qr um, p. 78.)
^ '
G.
Gabi-i, orum, m. pi, Oabii, a town of G15ri5s.us,
Latium, in Italy.
a. nm, glorious, fameat
boastful, (Gloria.)
Oabln-i, orum, m., the people of Oabii; Gricll-is, is, e, slender,
(nom. pi. tnase. of following.) delicate, thin:
graceful {See p. 'ST.)
Gabln-US, a, um, belonging Oabii
to
gr|cfiI-U8. WJ., a jackdaw, njay.
Gall-i, orum, m., the Oauls; sing
«.
Callus, a Gaul.
Orad-US, as, »«., « step, pace, degree,
Oraeci-a,ae,/, Oreece,
Galli-a, ae,
/, Oaul, (France.)
Gall-US,
Graec-US, l, m., a Greek-. pl,
m., a Oaul: proper Graeci,
1,
name, the Greeks.
Gallui : oj common noun,
a cock. Grimen, gramln-is,
Gaudeo, gSvisus sum, gaud-iSre, to re- «., a blade of grass '
grass, pasture.
joice, to be glad; to delight
in.
Gran-um, n., a
Gaudi-um, l, n.,Joy, gladness. (Gaudeo.)
1, pile, ptekle, grain;
corn.
uelu, geias, »., (also in nom.,
pelus, m.,
and Grass-or, atus sum, an, (dep. i,) to
pel um, n.,) cold, _frosty ad.
chill. vance; proc' Id against;
GemIn-0, avi, atum, are, to double. attack. (Grad-
lor.)
Gemin-U3, a, um, twin; twofold: gem-
in!, twins.
Grati-a, ae,
/, favour, grace; beauty;
gratitude: agero gratlas, to thank-
Gemme-U8, a, um. set with gems, pearly •
habere grntlas, to be graiûl:
spangled; variegated. gratia!
(Gcmmfi, a gem.) abl., for the sake
Gen-a, ae,/, a cheek: usually in pi. geiiue of: redire in grutiam
I
'
to be reconciled.
Gener, gener-i, m., a son-in-law.
6rati-ae, arum, / pi,
Genitor, gemtOr-ls, m., a father; parent, thanks. (See
Grntla.)
((Jignoj gen-ul.)
Gratiil-or, atus sum,
Gens, geht-ls,/, a nation, tribe. ari, to wish joy.
congratulate. (Gratus.)
Genu, gen-fls, n., the knee: pi. ggnna
Grat-US, a, um, agreeable,
Genus, gSnCr-is, n., li„d, race; origin. pleasant-'
grateful
(Gen-, roo< o/gigno.)
Gravat-us, a, um, oppressed,
German-i, omm, m., the Germans. weighed
down, overburdened;
Ger-0, gessl,
gestum, gcr-Cre, to wear; (perf part, of
pravo, to oppress.)
bear, carry: gerere se, to conduct
one's Gr&V-is,
self, behave
is, e, heavy, weighty; impor.
as. '
tant.
Gign-0, g6n-ui, g5nit-um, gtgn-5re,
to Gravlter, adv., (compar. gravius,
beget, bring forth, superl
gravlssime.) heavily, severely,
61aci-es, Gl, /, ice. greatly;
sorely. (Gravis.)
Gladi-us, i, m., a sword,
Glans, gland-is,/, an acorn.
Grav-O, avi, stum, Sre, to render heavy
burden, load, oppress.
Gleb-a, ae, /, a clod, the soil (Gravis )
Grex, grSg-i.s, m., a flock, herd.
Glon-a,
_.„..-„, „^,^.,
ae,/, y,^ry,
glory, renown.
renown.
wiun-or, atuo sum, ari, (dep
Grns- «^ "rnia ''""'
.... ~ - ~ —
"' "' •^•'
• boast. (Gloria.)'
'
1 )
^^'
tonhirti hrtaV ^ ^''''
X^f^°'
x\~'-Z
'*'""'• ^'"'^ "> ''"^
'
'Gatt.a,ae,/, arfroi,.
(122) -^^
210 LATIN VOCAnULART.
num. era, to havt; hold; HSnor, or honoi, honoru, m., honour,

Hib-eo, ul,
gliru; preferment; qfice (of trust.)
foruider,
dwtll in, in- H5nfir-0, &vl, atum, are, to Uunour,
H&blt-O, avi. Ht»"i. 'H'e, to
esteem, res}>ect. (Honor.)
hahit. (lliibuo.)
H&blt-U», OS, m., habit; external drtu Hfira, lie,/, an hour; time,
or appearance ; manner, way. (Ilabuo.) H6riti-i, orum, ««., the (brothers) Ilor-
Haer-«0, lm»'»l, Imcs-um, hiier-Bro, to alii.
H6riti-tH, 1, m., noratiut, Horace i
ttick to, »tickfa*t, cltng, otlhere.

a(i,/.,aipear. lloralius Codes.
Hast-a,
Haud, ado., not; by no mean*. Horde-um, l, n., barley.
Horrond-US, a, um, to be dreaded;

Haust-U8, as, m., « draught. (Ilanrio,
dreadful; (fut. part. pau. {gerundice]
liuust-um.)
Helvlti-i.onifn. m., the Ilehetii, (Steiu.) of hoiieo.)
Horr-eo, ul, Bro, to shudder; be(0-aid
Herotll-eS, is, m., llereules: Herciile,
dread. (Horror.)
adv., wed as an oath,- By Hercules I
of,
Horre-um, i, »., a bam, grain-store.

HSri, adv., yesterday.
BQVLi, inteij; ho / hark I holla I Horror, horrOr-l», m., horror, dreaiL
Hibern-a, omm, «. pi, winhr qwirtert; Hort-or, a(u» sum, ail, to exhort; en-
liiborn-ufl, a, uin.) conrwje.

(n. pi. of aiij.,
Hort-U8, 1, m., an enclosed place; garden.
(llleins.)
»»»., o stranger,
hospTt-li, gue.it;
hacc, hoc, Uiis, (tee p. -42) abl, hoc, Hospfis,
Hie, :
host.
on this account.
on Hosplti-um, >, n-i hospitality ; a place Mf
Hio, adv., in this place, here ; this,
entertainment, lodging. (Hospes.)
hereupon. (Hie.)
Hostil-is, is, e, of or belonging to
an
atum, are, to pass the win-
HI8m-0, Svl,
(Hienis.) enemy; hostile, inimical. (HosMs.)
ler; toieinter.
H08tili-UB, 1, m., Uostilius ; TuUut
Ifos-
HIem-8, hiiSm-is, /, winter.
(or lime); tilius.
Hinc, adv., from this place
from this cause. Host-is, Is, m. or/, an enemy.
hence; herenfter;
Hflmau-UB, a, um, belonging to man-
(Hie)
kind,'human; kind. (H6mo.)
Hirc-ua, 1, m., ahegoat.
Hi8t6ri-a, ae,/, a history, story, record. Hum§r-U8, l, m., the upper bone or part
arm the shoulder.
Homo, hSmln-is, m. or /., a human of the ;
lote-lying; lowly,
being, a uMn or woman, a child;
man- Hiimll-is, l», e,
(Humus)
humble.
kind.
um, respected; honour- Hiim-U8,l,/, theeurlK t/ie (round.
Honest-US, a,
able; honest, upright. (Honor.) Hydr-U3, i, m., avi:>et- )".<'.. '-I
I.
want of activity; idle-

Ignavl-a, ae, /.,
Ibi, adv., there, (Ignavus.)
icere foedus, ness; cowardice.
lc~0, i. Sun, 6re, to strike um, inactive; idle, lazy;
leagic Ignav-U8, a,
Ic wjo «
blow. (Ico.) cowardly. (In, gnavui.)
">.•*, f»., 'I ..iroke,
It;''- :i'i
^. '1 -itruck; (perf part of Ign-is, i.\ W-, fi>'«-
Ict-iU«^ ,
ignoran
Ignor-O, oj^ atum, are, to he
cjusdem, the ofnottoWow. (Igiiarus.) [pctrdon.

Idesli, eftdem, Idem, gen. to
novi, Jiotum, noscfire,
same. (See p. 43.) Ig-nosco,
adv., therefore, accordingly,
on that Ignot-US, a, um, unknown: unacquainted
Ideo,
i.r!ih stranoe. (IP; notns.)
account, f^-r Utat ressr-n,
ilia, lllud, that. (See p. 42, 6.)
Tgltar, adv., thertfOre, then. nie,
; ;
LATIX VOCARTTLARY.
211
TmlgO, lml((tn.|i,/, an tmofft, Mentu.
Imp8n-o, ImpOiu-l, Impfltlt-um, lmpa».
{""bgcill-m, •, urn, mak,/t€bU. flro, to put upon, lay upon.
imbell-is, li, e, i<iiirar/ii;« (In, pOno)
,•
couxtrUly Import-0,
(In, bcllum.)
»vl, itum, ire, to carry into,
import, introduce; bring upon, caio*
Imber, Imbr-U, ,.., rain, a ihowtr. (In. porto.)
imit-or, itui iuin, an, <o ,„„/a<«,
copy.
Imp8iit-ai, a, nm, per/, part, of Im-
pono.
Immitflr-UB, a, um. «»n>)^ premature.
(Iri [ho/], inaturua.)
ImprJbitai, Improbltat-la, /., wmt V
uprightness; wickedness; violenet.
Imraln-eo, ul, Cre, to overhang (Im-
(in a prfibui.)
ttue<itenmgway),impeml, b« imminent.
Impr6b-US, a, um, not upright; regard-
Immisc-eo, ui, iinml»t-um (or Immlxt-
less; tricked (In, probus.)
uiii),
linnilHC-Bre, to mingle vitK,
mix Impradena, gen.,
(In, inlsceo.) Imprudent-i*, <k^„
not foreseeing; thoughtless,
Immitt-0, Immlvl, Iminlss-um, Immitt- inconsideraU,
""^'*?'^^"'" ""««'<»'•«.
(In, prudens.)
t\ a, to, end into; let loose. T
lmmol-0,
(In, inltto.) Impadem, gen. Impddent-ls, «<#,
fivl, atum. are, to iocri/ke, Without
shame, shameless, barâeed,
mmolate. (In, mflla.)
impudent. (In, pudcna.)
Impar, gen., Inipai'.ls, aiff., unequal
not a match/or.
to, Impflne, adv., without punishment, with
(In, not, and par.) impunity, sq/ely.
impediment-um, (In poena. See Pu.
an obstruction,
l, «.,
nio.)
himtrance: in pi. Impedimenta, bag.
ImpiSt-0, avl, atum, are, toattributt to,
cage. (Impedlo.)
impute, reckon against. (In, puto.)
Impgd-io, Ivl, itum, ire, to obstruct, Im-US. a, um, inmost, lowest:
used as/orm
entangle, hinder. (In, and pes, pedis.) 0/ superl. 0/ InfervM. (Seep.
impJdlt-us, % um, per/, part,
87.) (By
of Im- »<}me said to be contracted for
pCdio. inimut
[siiperL of in]; by others from
Impend-eo, Cre, to overftang, impend,
ifyJmtM.)
In, prep. Bith abl, in, on, at, among,
threaten. (In, peiideo.)
near; with accus., into, toward,
Impgrator, iinpCrfitOr-ls, m., a military to,
against. Used as a prefix, in, into, 4c
commamter, general. (Impero.) as, importo, influo. (For change
Imperi-um, l, n., military command; final qf
letter, see nejct word.)
power, authority empire. (Impero.)
impgr-0, avl,
;
atum, are,
In, used as a pr^, = un, or '«•<' »» Eng.
to command, hsh. Before b and
govern, rule, give orders. p it becomes im;
(In, and paro before/, to, r, it is
Itterallp, a-sslmilated as, 0-
to put upon: to compare, to
:
labor for inlabor, imbellis
put together; separo, to for inbellis,
put asunder.) irrideo for inrideo.
Impetr-0, fivl, atum, are, to obtain, pro-
cure.
Inambul-0, avl, atum, are, to walk up
(In, patro, to bring to
pass.) and down. (In, ambulo.)
lmpet-U8, Qs, m., an attack, assault;
Inan-is, is, e, empty, void; useless; vain.
tmpetuosity violent motion;
: impulse Incedo, incessl, incessum, Inced-gre, to
(Impeto.)
go into; advance, march /orward;
Impiger, impi«r-,n,impigr-um, not slow; itrut, stalk. (In, c5do.)
not Idle ; not lazy ; active,
energetic. (In, Incend-0,
piRt'i.)
l, Incens-um, lncend-6re, to
set on fire, burn. (Root can-, as
Impinge, ImpSjc-I.lmpact-um, Imping- in
candeo.)
Cie, to dash against; drive into
(In, piingo.)
; fling. Inoens-us, a, um, influmed; enraged;
{per/, part, o/lncendo.)
Impi-us, a, um, unduti/ul; unholy; im-
pious, profane.
Incid-0, i, Incas-um, i:icld-gve, to /all
(In, plus.)
upon, attack; /aU in with;
Impl-eo, 6vi, etum, eie, to Jill up, occur, hap.
fill. pen. (In cfido.)
impUc-o,avi(o»- ui), atum (or Icltum),
iire,
Incipi-o, incep-1, incept-um, inclp-fire,
to entwine, entangle:
impllcatus to begin; take up;
morbo, attacked with disease undertake. (In,
capio.)
Implor-O. avi. iltum, are, v, a, i to xnciiat-us, a, um, urged on, Btimtuatcd,
implore, entreat.
prompted; (f,er/ part, of incito.)
; ; ;
212 LATIN VOOABULAKY.
Inoit-0, Rvl, Rtnm, Rro, to urge on, in- vanting energy ; irilhoul rewuree, help-
ctVc, stimiiiate. (In clto.) less; lazy, indolent. (In, uix)

Inclam-O, avi, iltuui, h\i.\tothoiit(ihmil; Inami-a, ao, /., bad report; illreput.':
thout to; call oiU wjuiiut, rej>roadi. di.ti/racc (Iiifii/niii.)
(In, clanio.) Infana, gen. Intunt-ls, adj., unable to
Ini'ins-um, Incind- speak, mute; young: Iieiiee, (U lubst.,

Inclfld-0, liiclQ»-l,
5io, to shut ill, incluik; coi^ne; Ain- an infant, child. (In, and for, fatus.)
</(•»•. (In, clau'lo.^ Infelix, gen. Inrelic-ls, a<(;., unty-ui{/ul;
Inclyt-119, (or iiii'Utus, or Incintiis,) a, unhappy; miserable. (In, fcllx.)
uni, much hi'tird o/, famed, cvkbratcd. Inferior, m. and /., Infcrlu.i, n., farther
(In, clueo, to be esteemed.) down, Uwer; inferiiir; conipar. of iu-
Inc51-a, ao, r.u 01/., an inlMhitant. (In- ferns. (See p. ;)7.)
fCilo.) Infer-0, imul-i, lllatnm, Infeire, to bring
Ilic51uin-is, is, e, unhurt, $({fe; entire. in, introduce; trage {war). (In, fero.)
(I'.tyniolo);}' doubtful.) Infest-O, avl, utuni, are, to attack; an-

InCOnvSniens, gen. Inconvcnli-nt-ls, noy; injure. (Infest us.)
«({;'., not ayreeinij vilh; not .<ii/ital>le Infest-U8, a, \\n\, carried against, (old
iiiconijnwut. (In. cou- particip. qf Infcio;) hostile; trouble-
di.<.<timilur,
venio.) some.
Increp-0, ui, Uum, iiru, to make a fi<irsh Inflammat-US, a, um, set on fire ; in-
noise; to ujibraitl, rtproacft, revile. flamed; roused, enraged; (pcrf. part.
(In, cTcpo.) o/inttammo.)

grow Infl-0, avl, atuni, arc, to blow into ; blow
Incresc-0, IncrCv-l, Incrosc-Crc, to
(In, crosco.) up, puff up, inflate. (In, tio.)
on, increase.
Incursio, incursion-ls,/., arunfifn(7/or- Infund-0, iufiiil-l, Inmn-um, Infund-Cro,
nard; incursion, inroail, invasioti, to pour into; to pour out for to infuse. ;
(In, curro.) (In, fundo.)
Inctlti-O, incusa-i, Incnss-viin, Inout-fre, Ingem-0, ul, Itum, Bro, to groan over
to strike into or against; hurl; inspire bewail, lament. (In, gemo.)
Ingeni-um, l, «., natural (juality, tem-
irith. (In, qimtlo.)
ffom that place, thence; there; per, dL<:position ; talent. (In, and ^'en-,
Inde, «<'•'•,
thii-ent'ter. stem of gljcno.)

or /., something that Ingens, gen. indent-is, <«(/., not natural,
'Index, ind1c-i3, til.
monstrous; immense, huge, (In, nut;

foints: hence, an informer; a mark,
sign; means of information. (In, and and gen-, stem uf gigno.)
die-, to point out. S(e lîeo.) Ingenu-U8, a, um, free-fm-n, noble;
utuni, rue, to point out, ingenuous. (In, and root of gigno.)
Ind!c-0, flvi,
indicate, show. (Index.) Ingrat-US, a, um, disagreeable; un-

indix-l, indict-um, lndlc-6re, to grdtiful. (In, gratus.)
IndiCO,
sai/alomi, proclaim, declare, (In.dieo.) Ingreîor, Ingressus sum, IngvCd-i,
3,) to go forward; enter; advance,
Indignat-U3, n, um, p. part. of imnnnoi: ((/('/).
(In, gradior.)
Indigne, adv., in an iinwortlii/ manner,
iinirorthilij , shavicfuUij. (lndi(;nus.) IntmiC-US, a, um, unfriendly; hostile:
as subst., an ctieiny. (In, amiens.)
Indign-Or, runs sum, fu-i, (dep. 1,) to
consider nmcorthy ; be angry at; to be Initi-um, i, «., an entering upon; a be-

indignant. (Indij^Tius.) ginning, (Into.)
Industri-a, ae, /., diligence, activity, in- Injicio, injoei, injectum, injic-6rc, to
dustry. (Industiins.) throw or fling in; thrust; inspire
um, active, in- (In, Jacio.)
Industri-US, a, diligent,
di:slnoii3. Injuri-a, ae,/., injustice; injury, wrong;

abstaining from food; oppression; insult. (In, jus.)
Inedi-a, ao, /.,
tninty hunger; starvation. (In, edo.) Injuste, adv., unjustly, wrongfully; in-
ae, /., sUly conduct, folly in juriously. (Injuitus.)

Inepti-a, :
pi, ineptiae, trifles; absurdities, fooler- InjUSt-US, a, um, tiiyust, wrongful

(Ineptus.) (In, juatus.)
ies.
IneiB, ^'» i>'crt-i% a(t devoid of skill , Innbcens. aen. Innocent-ls, acfr., fi'ce
;
LATIN VOOAnULAIlY. 21.}

from guilt, intiocent, unoffending; Insiil-a, ao, /, an islanrl
harmle.il. (In, nocciis.)
Insult-O, ftvl, fttum, are, to tramjilc on.
Innoxi-US, a, um, ./V/« from hurl; not leap upon; insult. (ludlllo.)
hurtful, harmltsa; innocent.
Intact-US, a, lun, untouched; sound
In5pi-a, ao, /, tcnrcity, want, roverty. (In, tanffo.)
(In()])s,)
IntSger, intonfr-a, Intojfr-um. un-
Inops, gm. lnrtp-i», atd, mthout re- touched; undiminished; unscathed
lourres, poor, needy, helplens, destitute ichi'le. entire. (In, tariKo.)
of. (In, opis.)
Intelllgo, IntulNixl, liitcllcctiim, Intel-
Inquam, I my. (Seep. 9fi.) IIk f!i(!, to understand, comjn-ehend.
InquIn-0, flvl, atmn, are, to bedaub; (Inter, lopo.)
»/(tit! ; defilf, pollute.
Intend-0, l, inten-num, or tu?n. Intend-
Inrit-US, U>r Initim,) (V, um, vnin, un- fire, to stretch, strain; strive; direct,
availing, uselets. (I„, „yd. mm) (III, tendo.)
Insan-US, a, um, vnmuud in tniiid, in- Intent-U8, a, um, bent on, earnest, eager
mne, mad. (In, siiiius.)
for; (pcrf. part. ofU\U',m\(>.)
Insci-US, a, um, not knowing, ignorant; Inter, prep, with accus., between, among;
'
VTiconncioiis. (In, scio.)
[
during.
Insequor, insccntus simi, Insnqu-I, to foU Inter-clpio, enpl, ceptum, clpCre, to
l<><^ after, punm; to
en»u». (In.sequor.) intercept, hinder; steal; anticipate.
Inser-O, ul, turn, ere, v. a. ;i, to thmy
Interdiu, adv., by day.
in, in^nrt.
IntSrea, adv., ih the meantime.
Insldeo, InsCdl, Insessum, Insld-Crc, to Interest, impers.verb, it concerns; itis the
fit upon. (In, sedeo.) i7,te.re.H of (Seep. 98, S>, (1), aid note.)
tnsidi-ae, arum, / pi., an ambush, Interflcio, IntevfCcl, Interfeetum, in-
snare; treachery.
tcrflc-6re, tofiniih, put an end to; slay,
Insldids-us, a, nm, treacherous, dtceit- kill. (Inter, facio.)
fvl crafty. (Imldlao.) Inlerim, ctdv., in the meantime.
Insidi-or, atus sum, arl, {dtp. l,) to lay
Interimo, interCml, interemptum, in-
snares for; lie in ambush plot
; against. terlm-Crc, to take out of the midst
(Insidlae.) of;
destroy ; kill. (Inter, and drno, to take.)
Insigne, (n. of InslRnis, vsed as subst.,) IntSrIt-US, us, nu, destruction, death.
a badge, viark, token.
(Intert'o, to perish.)
Insign-is, is, c, remarkable, notable, Interject-us, a, um,
(rerf. part, of in-
famous. (In, and slgnum.) terJTelo,) having intervened.
Insil-io, uf, (or 11,) Insultmn, InslMre,
Interjicio, interJCci, Interjectum, Inter-
iojeap upon ; attack. (In sailo.)
Jlc-5re, to throw in between, insert,
Insolens, gen. insolent-is, a(^., insolent, (Inter, Jacio.)
overbearing, haughty; impudent.
(In, Internecio, intemeclOn-Ia, /, slauyh-
SOlfiO.)
ter, massacre. (Inter, nex )
Ins61enti-a, ae, /, insolence; haughti- Intgro, intrivl, Intrltum, int?r-6re, to
ness^; impudence. (InsSlens.) rub in ; crumble ; mince. (In, tero.)
Inspicio, Ingpexi, Inspectum, Inspic- Interpono, interposal, lnteip6sifum,
ere, to look into, examine. (In, speclo.) interpon-gre, to put in between, insert,
Instans, gen. ln»tant-is, adj., (also par- interpose. (Inter, pono.)
ticip.of Insto,) present; instant, imme- Interposit-US, a, um, {perf. part,
diate; impending. of
InterpOno,) having intervened^ or been
InstItU-0, i, turn, 6re, to set up, estab- inserted- or alleged.
lish; resolve. (In, statao.)
Interrogat-US, a, um, perf part, of
Inst-0, itum, or atum, are, to stand
Itl,
Intenofjo.
upon, press m; to be near, close at
Interrog-O, avi, atum, are, to ask, in-
hand. (In, sto.)
quire. (Inter, rojfo.)
Instru-0, xl, ctum, gre, to draw up in Interrumpo, Intcnupl, Interruptum,
order. (In, struo.)
Interrump Sr!>, .ii h.,(rst in upon, inla--
lasuet-UB, a, um. unaccustomed; inex- rupt. (Inter, nimpo.)
perienced; unusual (Insucsco.) Intersum, interftil, lutoresn*, to be
)
2U LATIN VOCABULARY,
praenl at or among ; to he of impor- InviS-US, a, um, (per/ part, o/lnyldeo,)

tance. (Inter, Bum.) liated; hatful
IntervSn-io, l, tum, ire, {see Venlo,) to Invit-0, avi, atum, are, to invite ; suiiir
come in between, intervene, interrupt; man. (Invitus.)
put on end to. (Inter, venio.) Invit-U8, a, um, unwilling, reluctant.
Intrit-US, a, um, (per/, part. o/lnt6ro,) Invoc-O, avi, atum, are, to call upon^
crumbled; minced, invoke. (In, voce
Intr-O, avi, atum, are, to enter Ips-e, a, um, self; very. (Seep. 42.)
Intromitto, Intromisi, fic, (see Mitto,) Ir-a, ae, /, anger', wrath.
to send into; introduce. (Intro, niitto.) IraCUndi-a, ae, /., irascibility, rage;
Intulit, per/, ind. 0/ infero. /relfulncss. (Irficundus.)
Inutll-is, is, e, useless; vcithout advan- Iracund-US, a, um, passionate, irascible,
tage. (In, utilis.) (Ira.)
Invad-O, Invasl, invasum, invad-Cre, to Irascor, Iratus sum, irasc-i, (dep. 3,) to
go agaimt; come on; attack; trJer. heanjry. (Ira.)
(In, vado.) Irat-U3, a, um, (pet/, part. 0/ ira>cor,)
Inveho, invcxl, Invectum, invCli-Cie, to enraged ; angry.

carry in or on: passive, to ride. (In, Irrev6cabil-is, is, e, that cannot he re-
vcho.) called, iiTevocable. (In, re, back, and

InvSn-io, <fcc., («« Venio,) to come upon, voce.)
find (In, venio.) Irrit-U8, a, um, same as inrltus, (which
Invid-eo, invldl, invisum, invld-Cre, to see.)
look on (tcilh malice); to envy; hate. Is, ea, id, <;iw. (See p. 43.)
(In, Tidco.) Ist-e, a, ud, that (0/ yours). (See 2'- ^3,
Invidi-a, ae, /., envy; hatred; malice. 7.)
(Invideo.) Ita, adv., thus, so, yes.
luvicem, adv., in tum; time about. Itali-a, ae, /, Italy.
(In, vicis.) Itaque, adv., there/ore, accordingly.
Invigll-O, avl, atum, are, to lie awake; Iter, Itiu6r-i8, n., a Jourtmy; road;
to keep watch on\ to be earnest on, (In, march.
vigUo.)
J.
J&C-eo, ul, ttnm, 5re, to lie, Juli-US, i, tn., Julius, a Roman name;
JaciO, j5ci, jactum, jac-Cre, to throw, cast. (Julius Proculus.)
Jact-0, avi, atum, are, to throw often, or Juni-US, i, m., Junius, a Roman name;
with vigour; to toss; boast. (Jacio.) (L. Ji^nius Brutus.)
Jam, adv., already, now. Juno, Junon-is, /, the goddess Juno, wife
Jaulcul-um, i, »»., Janiculum, one 0/ the 0/ Jupiter.
hills 0/ Rome. Jupiter, JQv-is, m., Jupiter. (Seep. Si.)
Jurgi-um, a quarrel, stri/e. (Jur-
Janu-a, ae, /., a gate, door. i, ».,
Jan-US, i, m., Janus, one 0/ the Roman gods. B0-)

J6c-U8, 1, m., [pi. i, m., or a, «.,) a joke, JuS3-US, us, m., an vrder. (Jubeo.)
jest; story; rnirth. JU3, jur-is, «., right, justice, law.
Justiti-a, ae,/, justice. (Jus.)
Jiibeo, jussi, jussum, jub-5re, to order,
bid, comtnancL Just-U3, a, um, right, true, just, proper,
Judex, judlc-is, m. or /., a judge. (Jus, /air. (Jus.)
dice.) Juven-is, is, m. and /, adj., young: aa

Judici-um, i, «., a judgment, decision. subst., a young man or woman.
(Judex.) Juvent-U3, juventat-is, /., the season of

atum, Sre, to judge, decide; youth; youth; young people. (Juvenis.)
JudIC-0, avi,
catyecture. (Judex.) JUVO, jQvi, jatum,juv-are, to help, assist.
Jug-um, i, n., a yoke; a ridge (of a hill, Juxta, prep, with accus., ana adv.. rwar
dx,) (Junga) to, near; alike.
LATIN VOCABULAEY.
215
L., an abbreviation /br Luclua L&tus, lflt?r-ls, n., aside, fiank.

Labien-US, l, m., Labienua, one of Cae-
Laudat-US, a, um, praised; (perfpart
»ar'$ lieutenants.
of laudo.)
Labor, labOr-is, m., labour, toil. Laud-0, avl, atum, Bro, to praise, com-
labor-O, avl, ntum, niR, to Ui'mur, toil, mend, express adm uion of. (Laus.) i
strive; be in difficulty; be opin-esscd. Laure-a, ae,/, a bmj tree, laurel

(Labor.)
Laurenti-a, ae,/, Laurentia.
Lac, lact-is, n., milk. Laus, laud- is,/, praise, glory.
Lacer-0, avl, atum, aro, to tear, mangle, Lav-0, lavi {or lavavi), lautum, lOtum
mutilate. (Lacer, mangled.) {or lavatum), lavgro {or lav4re), to
Lacess-0, ivi, itum, 6ie, to irritate, pro- bathe, wash, cleanse.
voke; vex. (Lacio.) Lax-0, atum, fire, to make loose,
avi,
L&crim-a, ae, /., a tear. loosen; unbend; set free. (Laxiis.)
Lacrimabund-U8, a, um, tear/ul, sor- Lax-us, a, um, loose; wide, open.
rowful. (Lacrima.) Legatio, logatiOn-is, /., an embassy.
Lac-U3, US, m., a lake. (Lctjatus.)
Laedo, laesi, lacsum, laed-6re, to injure, Legat-US, an ambassador ; a lieu-
1, m.,
hurt.
tenant-general;a deputy. (Logo.)
Laesur-US, a, nm, fut.part. art. 0/ laedo. Legio, iCgion-is, /, a legion, a divmon
Laes-US, a, um, per/, part. 0/ laedo. of the Roman army, containing from
Laet-or, fitussum, ari, to rejoice, be glad. 4000 to COCO men.
Laet-US, a, um,jopful, glad; fertile, rirh. Leg-0, avi, atum, are, to send us umbos-
Laev-US, a, um, left, on the left hand; sudor intrust to
; ; bequeath.
lucky: also ill-omened, unlucky,
Leg-0, legi, ledum, liig-ere, to luy iti
Lagon-a, ae,/, ajlagon. order; choose; read.
Lamb-0, i, gre, to lick, to lap. Len-is, is, e, smooth, gentle.
Lan-a, ae, /., wool Lent-US, a, um, tough; pliant; slow,
Languid-US, a, um, languid,faint,U!eak.
tardy.
(Langueo.)
j
Leo, leOn-is, m., a lion.
Lanifici-um, i, working of wool;
«., the
Lepus, Iep6r-i9, m., a hare.
spinning, weaving. (Lana, facio.) Letal-is, is, e, deadly, fatal (Lgtum.)
Laniger, IfinlgCr-a, lanlg6r-um, wool-
Let-um, i, «., death.
bearing, woolly; as subs t., a sheep, lamb. Lev-is, is, e, light.
(Lana, gero.)
Lev-is, is, e, smooth, polished.
Lani-0, avi, stum, are, to tear.
Lev-0, avi, atum, fire, to lift up, raise;
Lanio, lanlon-is {or lani-us, i), m., a lighten. (Lfivis.)
butcher.
Lex, leg-is,/, law.
Lapide-US, n, um, of or belonging to
Llbenter, adv., wUUngly.
stone, made of stone, stone.
(Lapis.) Liber, llibr-l, m., a book.
L&pis, lapld-ls, ?»., a stone. Liber, liber-a, llber-um, free.
Late, adv., widely, extemively. (Latus.)
Liberal-is, is, e, noble, generous, liberal
Lat-eo, ui, ere, to lie hid, be concealed; (I.Iber.)
to lurk ; to escape notice.
Liber-i, omm, m. pi, children.
Latibul-um, i, a, a iurUng-place, den. Liber-0, avi, atum, are, to set free, liber-
(Lateo.)
ate. (Liber.)
Latin-US, a Latin: pi, the latins.
1, m.,
Libertas, llbertat-ls,/, liberty.
Lati-um, i, n., Latium, a division of Italy.
Libet, impers. verb, it pleases. {See p.
Latro, latron-js, m., a robber.
97, 6.)
Latr-0,-ayi, tttum, are, to bark.
Libido, {or lUbido), llbldln-is,
/, plea-
Lat-us, a, um, broad, wide, spacious.
'
sure, desire, lust (Llhet,)
wit-UB, a, urn,
Kptrf.part. eftwo,) car- LIcenti-a, ae,/, leave, permission ; bold-
ried, brought, dx.
ness,' licentioumess. (Ucbt)
I
)
Licet, impers. verb, it is permitted; it it Ltlci-US, 1, m., Lucius, (proper name.)

lawful. (See p. 97.) Lucreti-a, ae, /., Lucretia, (proper
LictOT, Ilct5r-i8, m., a lictor, an officer name.)
H-ho accompanied certain Roman magis- Lucr-um, l, n., gain, profit.
trates. (Lljifi), to hiniL) Luct-US, us, m., griff, sorrow. (Lngeo.)
Lign-lim, i, n., wood, timber. Luc-US, i, m., a grove, wood.
Llg-0, iivi, utum, arc, to bind, tie. Ludibri-um, i, «., « mockery; jesti
XigO, llgoii-ifi, m., a mattock, spade, hoe. sport; scoff. (Ludu.s.)
lim-a, ais /, a file. Ludicer, v., luUlcr-us, a, um, sportive:
Limcn, liiuln-is, n., a threshold, entrance. pi, ludicni, games. (Ludus.)
Lim-US, I, m., mml, slime. Ludo, lusi, lUsum, lud-eie, to play, sport.
LingU-a, ae, /., a tongue ; language. (Ludus.)

Liliq.UO, llqui, [lictum,] linquere, to Lud-US, i, m., a play, sport, game; a
leave, abandon, desert. school: ludus liteiaruni (or literarius),
Liquid-U8, a, um, dear; bright, limpid. an elementary school.
Liquor, llquOr-is, m., liquor; water; Lugeo,lQxi, [luctum,] lug-5rc, to lament,
char surface. bewail, mourn.
I
Lir-a, ae, /, a furrow: hence, dcliro (dc- Lumen, lumtn-is, n., light.
lirus), to be silly. Lun-a, ae, /, the moon.

Lis, lit-ls,/., stiife, a quarrel; law-snit. Lup-a, ae, /., a she-wolf.
Liter-a, ae, /., a letter of alphabet, chm-ac- Lup-U i, i, m., a wolf.
ter.' in pi., letters literature; an epistle.
; Luscini-US, i, m., (or lusclnl-a, ae, /,)
Lit-US, oris, n., the shore. a nightingale.
Livi-V\S, i, (proper name.)
m., Livius, Lustr-O, avi, fitum, are, to examine, sur-
LoC-O, atum, ave, to place, set in
avi, vey, review; search; traverse. (Lust-
position; let out for hire. (Locus.) rum.)
Loc-US, i, a place, region: pi., loci (m.), Lux, luc-is,/., light: j>\ima,\uvv, at dawn,
or loca (n.) Luxuri-a, ae,/, (luxuri-es, el,/.,) lux-
Longe, «(/», far, afar ; for a long time; ury, voluptuousness.
very much. (Loiiûs.) Lux-US, u.s, m., extravagance (in mndt
'
Long-US, a, um, long, tall; tediotts. of life) ; luxury ; effeminacy ; splmdoar,

Xdc[UOr, lOcQtus sum, loqu-i, to speak, say. pomp.
Lubet, i>r libet, (wltich see.) Lymph-a, ue, /., dear water.
M.
M., abbreviation fof' Marcus. Majestas, majestat-is, /, mc\jesty, dig-
Macedo, Mac6d6n-is, m., a Macedonian. nity ; grandeur, (Magnus.)

Maci-es, ei, /., wasting, consumption; Major, major, majus, (compar. of mag-
leanness. (Maceo, to be lean.) luis,) greater. (See p. 37, 5.)
Ilaer-eo, (or moerco,) ere, to be sorrow- Male, adv., badly; severely.
ful, to grieve. Maledlc-O, maledixi, &c., (,«e Dlco,) to
Maest-US, a, uin, sotTowful, mournful, speak ill of, slander, abuse. (Male,
grieved; (perf. part, o/maereo.) dico.)
SIa>3îs, adv., more, rather. Mallti-a, ao, /., badness, wickedness;

Magister, m5gisti-i, m., a master; chief ill-will, malice. (Mains.)
man; ati instructor. Malo, malui, malle, (see p. 92,) to be
Magistrat-US, us, m., a magistrate, more willing; prefer. (Magis, volo.)

chi^ officer; also, magistracy. (Magis- Mal-um, i, «., an evil, an ill, a miôr-
ter.) tune; plague; wickedness.
Magnifice, adv., splendidly, magnifi- Mal-um, i, n., an apple.
cently. (.Magniflcus Mal-US, a, um, bad, wicked; wretdicd,

Hagnitudo, magnltudln-is, /., great- Mal-US, i, /., an apple-tree.
neii, Trmgiliiiide, size. (slaÛ'dS.)

ALagU-U6, a, um, great, large. Mamiii-US, 1, »<, JJamUius (Tusfulcn'jLt,)
!
L-iTlN VOCABULARY. 217

Urandat-um, 1, n., a commission, eom- Merc3,tOi*, mercatOr-ls, m, a mcrclumt
mandf ordtr. (Mando, to intrust.) (Meiicor, to trade; from merx.)
M^neo. miinsi, mansum, man-ci'c, to re- Merces, merceU-is, /, a reward; wages
'yiain, utai).
(MCTX.)
Manifest-US, a, um, evident, plain, Mercuri-U8, i, m., Mercury, messcn<;er
man ifI'M, of the gods.
Manli-US, i, m., Mnnllus. Mer-eo, ui, Itum, Src, (or dep. mcreor,)
M8.n-US, us, /, a hand; a band of sol- to earn, gain, descne.
diers. Merg-0, mersi, meii<um, merp-Cre, to
Marci-US, m., Marciiu
1, (_Anciis). plunge into, dip, sink, submerge; drown.
Marc-US, wu, Marciu.
i,
Meridi-es, ei, m., mWay, noon. (Muv-
Mar-e, is, n., t/ie sea. us, pure; dies.)
MargO, inarjclii-is, m. or /, an edge., MeritO, adv., deservedly. (Meritus.)
viarc/iii, brink,
Merit-um, i, n., a deserving action, goml
Maritim-US, a, um, belonging to the sea, deed, a benefit, service. (Mereo.)
maritime. (Maic.) Mers-US, um, .wnk; drowne<l, Jkc;
a,
Marit-US, 1, m., a married man, a hus- (perf. part. o/merRo.)
band. (Mas.) Merx, mcrc-is, merchandise, wares.
/.,
Mars, Mart-is, m., Mars, god of tear Metior, mensus sum, metiri, to measure,
Mas, mar-is, m., a male; mate. mete.
M&ter, matr-is, /., a mother. Metu-0, 1, (a)tum, gro, to fear, dread.
Materi-a, ae, /., or materl-cs, 5i, /., (Metus.)
matter, material; source. Met-US, us, m.,fenr,
Matron-a, ae, /., a married woman, Me-US, a, um, my, mine.
matron, wife. (Mater.) Mi, contracted for milii, d<it. o/cgo.
Matur-0, avl, atum, are, to hasten. Mi, voc sing. masc. o/meus.
M5,tQr-US, a,um, ripe, insea.ion, mature. Mic-0, ui, are, to move qutcnly, dart;
Maxime, adv., most especially, chiefly; quiver; flash, glitter.
very highly. (Maximus.) Miles, millt-Ls, m., a soldier.
Maxim-US, a, um, (superl. of magnus,) Militar-is, is, e, belonging to a soldier,
greatest, very great. or to war; warlike, militJiry. (.Miles.)
Medicin-a, ae, /, tfie physician's art; Militi-a, ae, /, military service, war:
medicine ; surgery ; a remedy, or cure. domi militiaeque, at peace and at war;
(Medicus.) at home and abroad. (.Miles.)
Medic-US, i, m., a physician, doctor. Mille, card, num., indecl. in sing., a thou-
(Medcor, to heal.) sand: pi. mllli-a, (or milia,) um, bus, itc.
Medi-US, a, um, middle; middling. Min-ae, arum,/, threats.
Mehercule, or Mehercules, By Jlcrcales Minerv-a, ae, /, Minerva, goddess of
Mel, iimll-is, «., honey wisdom, etc.
Mel-OS, i, w., a song. Minime, adv., the very least ; by no
Melior, melior, melius, better; {compar. means, not at all. (Jllnlmus.)
0/ bonus.) {Seep. 37, 5.) Ministeri-Um, i, n,, attendance, service.
Membr-um, l, n., a limb, member. (.Minister.)
Memini, meminlsse, preteritive verb, Mlnistr-O, avi, atum, are, to serve,
(sec p. 95,) I remember. attend, wait upon. (Sliuister.)
Memor-0, avi, atum, are, to call to mind; Min-or, atus sum, ari, to threaten.
relate, tell. (Memor.) (Minae.)
Menenl-US, i, m., Menenius (Agrippa.) Minor, minor, minus, (compar. of itarv'
Mens,ment-is,/, the mind, the intellectual us,) less, smaller. (See p. 37.)
faculty. Minus, neut. o/ minor, and adv., less.
Mens-a, uc,/, a table. Mirabil-is, is, e, worthy of adinimluin;
Mens-is, is, m., a month. wonderfuL (Mhor.)
Mentio, mentiOn-is, /, a calling to mind; Miracul-um, i, «., a wonderful thing,
mention, notice^ t-n.-aisr m.irach.
; (.Miru-.)
Mentior, mentltus sum, menfiri, to Mir-or, atus sum, arl, to wonder at: ad
prove one's selffalse; deceive, lie. mire.
;
Imir-TIB, a, um, wonderful, extraordi iry. MSrior, mortuns sum, m5ri, to die.
Misceo, mJscui, mistum, (or mixtani), M6r-or, fitus sum, ari, to delay, linger,
mlsc-ere, to mix, mingle; confuse. trifle. (MOra.)
um, mmrable; Mors, m.)rt-ls,/, death. (Morior.)
Miser, mlsei-ii, teretcheJ,
pitiable; pitiful Mors-US, us, m., a bite, sting, ice.
MIser-eo, ui, uum, gre, (same as mlser- (Mordeo.)

Mortal-is, svlêet to death, mortal:
eor,) to pit}/, f el sorrow for. (Miser.) is e,
Misereor, miscM itus (or misertus) sum, as siibst., 7nan. (M(irs.)
misCr-eri, to pity. MortU-US,' a, um, dead; (perf part, rj

Miseret, impers. verb, it pities. (Miser.) morior.)
(See p. 97, 4.) M6s, mor-is, m., custom, habit, manner:
Misericors, gen. miserlcord-ls, a(lj., pi, mores, conduct, character.
tender-hearted, compassionate, merciful. M6t-US, us, vu, movement, motion.
(Jliser, cor.) (Moveo.)

um, having (perf Moveo, m5vi, m5tum, m5v-5re, to put
Miserit-U3, a, pitied,
pari, o/ misereor.) in motion, move ; excite, stir up.
um, (perf. part, of MOX, adv., by-and-by, soon ; immediately

Miss-US, a, sent;
mitto.) at an after-time.
Mitig-0, avi, atum, are, to make mild, Muci-U8, i, in., MuciuM (Scaevola).
mitiijale, assuage. (Mitis, iiko.) Mul-a, ae, /., a she-mule.
Mlt-is, is, e, mild, mellow, gentle. Mulcat-U8, a, um, maltreated, mauled;
Mitto, misi, missum, mitt-fire, to throw, (perf. part, o/mulco.)
cast ; send ; utter. MulC-O, (or muleto, or multo), uvi,
atum, are, to punish, fine; maul, mal-

ModO, culv., only just now; lately.
;
Mod-US, "i-i measure, limit; tnanner,

i, treat. (Multa, or mulcta, a fine.)
way, mode. Mulier, mulier-is, /., o woman, wife.
Uoeni-a, um, n. pi, ramparts, fortifica- Multitude, multitudln-l8, /, a multU
tions, walls. (Munio.) tude, a great number, a mob, crowd,
Moereo. (-See Maereo.) (Multua)

Moest-US. {See Maestus.) Mult-0, (or mulot-o,) see Mulco.
Molest-ua, a, um, trottblesome ; burden^ Multo, adv., by much; much, far; long
some, oppressive; annoinng. (Moles.) (of time.) (Multus.)
mOl-iri, to prepare Mult-um, adv., much, greatly.
Molior, molitus,
throw; build; Mult-U8, a, um, much, great: in pi,
(with labour); strive;
contrive. (Moles.) many.
MoU-io, ivi, Uum, Ire, to soften, miti- Mul-U8, i, m., a mule.
gate; tame. (Mollis.) Mund-U8, i, m., the world.
tender; weak. Mun-io, ivi, itum, ire, to fortify, defend.

Moll-is, Is, e, aoj?'., soft,
Mon-eo, ul, Uum, ere, to warn, advise; strengthen,
instruct. Munit-US, a, um, perf part, of munlo.

Munus, mungr-is, n., an office, dignity;
Monil-e, is, n., a necklace, collar.
Mona, mont-is, m., a mountain. duty; favour; gift.
Monstr-O, avl, atum, are, to point out, Mur-US, i, m., a wall

show. Mus, mflr-is, m., a mouse.
M6r-a, ae, /, delay. Mu8C-a, ae,f.,afly.
Morb-U8, i, WJ., disease, sickness. Mustel-a, ae, /, a weasel
Mordax, gen. mordac-is, adj., biting, Mut-0, avi, atum, are, to change, alter.
cutting. (Mordeo.) Mut-US, a, um, dumb, speechless.

Mordeo, mfimordl, morsum, mord-ere, Myrt-U8,i,/, a myrJ^
to bile, nij>, sting ; backbite ; pain.
LATIN VOCABULATIY. 219
N.
Nact-UB, a, nm, having procured; {per/. Neg-0, Rvi, atum, are, to say no, deny
part. 0/ uanciscor.) (Xn, aio.)
Nam, rory'., for. NegOti-um, i, n., bimness, employment,
NaUKJue, conj.,for. labour; an a fair; thing. (Nec, oti-
Nanciscor, nactua sum, nanclsci, to get, um.)
procure, obtairu Nemo, (nemln-is), m. or/, no one. (Ne,
Kar-is, is,/., a nostril: pi, rares, t?ic liomn.)
nostirs; the no.ê.
Nemoricultrix, nem6rlcultric-is, /,
Narratio, naiTatiOn-ls, /., a narrative, an inhabitant c/ the woods. (Nemus,
story, tale. (Narro.) Colo.;
Narr-O, uvi, atum, are, to tell, relate. Nem6r6s-U8, a, um, /ull 0/ troodt or
(From (f-narus, knowing.) thicket.f, woody. (Nemus.)
IfaSCOr, iiatus sum, niiscl, {dep. 3,) to 'Nem'pe, adv., /orsoolh; certainly, truly.
spring from ; to be burn. Nemus, nOmOr-is, n., a grove, wood.
Uat-a, ae, /, a daughter ; (/em. 0/ par- NepOS, nCjiOt-is, m., a grandson.
ticip. imtus, a, uin.) Neptun-US, m., Neptune, god 0/
i, t/te
Nat-0, avl, atum, are, to swim. (No) sea.
Natu^ abl. 0/ nat-us,
us, ?«., bp birth; Nequam, a<y. (indeclinable), good /o/ no-
(used in the phrases, major or fliiuor thing, worthless; duisolute.
natu, ttc., older, younger.)
Neque, and - not, neither. (See Nec.)
Natur-a, ae, /., nature ; disposition. Nequ-eo, ivi, Itum, ire, to be unable.
• Nascor.) (Ne, queo.)
Nat-US, i, m., a son; (masc, 0/ nat-us, 11, Nequidquam, or ngqulcquam, adv., in
um.) vain, /ruitlessly.
Nat-U8, a, um, bom; (per/, part. 0/ Nequis, ncqua, uCquod, w nequid, lest
nascor.) any.
Naut-a, ae, m., a sailor ; (contracted /or Nequiti-a, !;e, /., badness; worthless-
iiavita, /rom navis.) ness ; profligacy. (Nequam.)
Navig-0, avi, atum, Sre, to manage a Nesc-io, ivi, itum, ire, not to know, be
ship; sail, navigate. (Navis, ago.) ignorant. (Ne, sclo.)
Nav-is, is, /., (accus., em or im; abl., e Nesci-UB, a, um, not knowing, ignorant.
or i), <mship. (Ne, scio.)
Navi-UB, (Acci-us), i, vu, Navius. (See Neu, adv. and conj., = et, ut, non, and
Accius.) that not, and lest. (Same as Neve.)
Ne, coi\j., (=
non), that not, lest.
ut, Neuter, neutr-a, neutr-um, ndtlu^ (0/
Ne, adv., not. In prohibitions, with im- two.) See p. 35, 8. (Ne, uter.)
perative or subjunctive, Neve. (See Neu.)
"^Q^'interrog. adv., whether or no? It is Nex, ngc-is./, violent death; death.
always attached to some word, as, Ni, co7\j., i/not, unless.
Amasne, do you love? Nonne, is it Nld-us, i, m., a nest,
not? Kiger, nlgr-a, nigr-um, black, swarthy.
Nec, '^
T neque,)— et non, and not, nei- Nihil, or nil, indecl. subst., n., nothmg.
ther ; nec — nec, neither— nor. Full/ortn, nihilum.
Necessitas, necessitat-is, /., necessity, Nil, or nihil. (See Nihil.)
need. Ifil-US, i, m., the Nile.
NeC-0, avi (or ul). atum, are, to put to iNImi-US, a, nm, too much, excessive.
a violent death, till, slay. (Nex.) (Nimis.)
Nefast-US, a, um, not holy; pro/ane; Nisi, coTy'., 1/ not, unless, except. (Ni,
wicked; unlucky. (See F&stna.) si.)
I Negligo,
6re, to
neglexi, negjectum, negllg-
disregard; neglect.
Nis-US, us, m., an exertion, effort, at-
(Nec, tempt. (Nitor.)
Idgo.) Nit-eO, ui, e;e, to shine, glitter; be neat.
Nltld-US, a, nm, shiny, bright, glossy, N8v-tl9, a. um, new, recent, frtslu
sleek. (Nlteo.) Nox, noct-ls, /., nighL
NItor, nltOr-ls, m., brightness, splendour, Nub-es, is,/., a cloud; covering.
glossiness. (Niteo.) Nubo,nupsi, nuptum, nub-Cre, to marry;
in tor, nlsus, (,or nixus suiti,) nltl, to lean to be married to; (said of tlie female.)
upon, press upon ; strive, exert one's self. Governs dative.

Nix, ntv-ls, /., snow. Nud-0, avi, atum, are, to make naked;
Nix-U9, a, uiTi, per/, part, o/nltor. strip; expose.
No, iiavi, natum, nitre, to swim. Nud-U8, a, um, naked, bare; exposed.
N6bil-is, is, e, well-known, (iio-tus,) fa- Null-US, a, um, (gin., nuUius,) not any,
iiioiis; of high birth, noble. none. i>ee p. Sr,. (Ne, uUus.)
Nobilltas, noWlnat-is,/., celebrity, fame; Num, adv. interrog., whether or nol (the
high birth, nobility; the nobles (<« a body); answer "No" expected.)
generosity. (Nobilis.) Num-a, ae, m., A'wwto, second king of
N6c-eo, ui, Ituni, ere, to hurt, injure, Rome.
damage; (governs dative.) •
Numen, numtn-is, n., divinity, godhead;
Nocturn-US, a, um, belonging to the a deity. (Nuo.)
night, nightly, nocturnal. (Nox.) Numer-US, i, m., number.
NoctU, abl. {of old subst. noctus,) used as Niiiuitor, Numltor-is, m., Numitor,
an adverb, by night. grand/ather 0/ Ronmlm.
Nol-0, ui, nolle, to be unwUling. Tlio Numm-U8, 1, m., (or nflmus, 1), money;
imper. noli is used with inf. of anotlier a coin.
verb, to express a strong proliibition ; Nunc, adv., noiv, already; as it is.
as, Noli putare, don't (for a moment) Nunquam, adv., never: non-nunquam,
ImaRine. (Non, vole.) sometimes.
Nomen, nomm-is, n.. a name. Nunti-0, (or nunci-o,) avi, atum, arc, to
Nomin-O, avi, atum, are, to name, call; tell, report. (Nuntius.)
appoint. (Nomen.) Nunti-US, i, m., a messenger; a message;
N6n, adv., not. news. (Said to be contracted for novi-
Nondum, adv., not yet. (Non, dum.) ventius, newly come.)
Noune, adv., is tt not T (the answer Nuper, adv., lately; (contracted /or mvl'
'
Yes"
expected.)
is (Non, ne.) /rom novus.)
per,
NOSCO, novi, nOtum, nose- ere, to know. Nupti-ae, arum, /., a marriage, vied'
Noster, nostr-a, nostr-um, our, ours. ding, nuptials. (Nubo.)

(Nos.) Nur-US, us,/., a daughter-in-law.
N6t-a, ae, /., a mark (by which to know Nusquam, adv., nowhere. (Ne, us-
something), sigiu (Nosco.) quum.) f
N6t-US, a, um, well-knotm; (per/, part. Nut-0, avi, iitum, are, to nod, waver.-
0/ nosco.) (Nuo, as in abnno, renuo.)
to vod,
Novaciil-a, ae, /., a razor. Niltrix,''nutric-is, /., a nu7-se, wet-nurse,

Novi, / knoi/}; (per/. 0/ nosco, used as (Said to be conlnicted from nutri-trix,
pres.) from nutrio, to nourish.)

Novist'iiiie, adv., most recently, very re- Nux, nuc-is, /., a nut.
ceniiy, lastly, last 0/ all, at last. (Novis- Nyinph.-a, ae,/., a nymph.

simus, superl, o/uovus.)
0, intetjeclion, 0! oh! Object-US, a, um, opposed to; (per/. part.
Ob, vêp. with accus., towards, against; o/objiclo.)

on account 0/, /or. Objicio, obj5ci, objecfcum, ob]ic-6re, to
Obed-io, ivi, (or a,) Uum, ire, to obey; throw to or be/ore ; expose. (Ob, jacio.)
serve. (Ob, audio.) Obnoxi-US, a, um, liable to (puntsli^
Ob-vO, ii, ttwr,, :re, to go towards, meet tiient) : exposed to, subject to; pr'jin fo.
oppo*e; to die. (Ob, eo.) (Ob, noxiuB.)
\
lATIN VOCABULARY. 221
Obrft-0, I, (B^him, Sre, to cover over, pour upon; spread over; overwhtlm.
burp; overwhelm. (Ob, ruo.) (Ob, fundo.)
Obsecr-0, avl, atum, are, to beseech, 0fFu8-U8, um, perf. part, o/offunda
a,
entreat. (Ob. sacro.) Olim, some time, (past or future;)
adi\, at
ObsSquor, obsucOtus sum, obsj^qul, to formerly, once upon a time ; hereujter.
follow after; attend on; comply mth, Oliv-a, ae, /., an olive.
yield to, be obtdieît. (Ob, sequor.) Omen, Omin-is, n., a token, lign, indica-
ObsSs, obsld-is, ?»i. or/., n hostage. tion, omen.
ObsideOjObsCiU, obsessum, obsId-Ore, to Omn-is, is, e, ailj., every, all.
invest, blockade, besiege. lOb, sedeo. On8r-0, ilvl, atum, are, to toad.
Obsidi-0, obsidionis, /., a siege, block- Onus, onOr-is, n., a load, burden.
ade. Opes, opum, / pi., resources; wealth.
Obstlnat-US, a,iim. stubborn, obstinate (See Opis.)
unjlinrhing, difrrm uird. Oper-a, ae,/., work, labour, service: dare
Obstrep-0, ul, Itum, gre, to make a operam, to exert one's self.
noise against, dro'en with noise. (Ob, Opis, gen. ; dat., 6pi, (very rare accus.,
;)
strcpo.) opem; abl., »^Q\— power, might;
Obstupefacio, (*<•« Faclo), to bewilder, wealth; help.
astonish, amaze. (Ob, stupco.) Oportet, impers. verb, it is necessary, it
Obtemper-O, avl, atum, are, to comply behoves, must, ought. See p. 97. (Opus,
u-ith, obey. (Ob, tempero.) necessity.)
Obtin-eo, ui, obtentuin, obtin-ere, to Oppidan-US, i, m., a townsman. (Op-
hold, possess 1 get, obtain. (Ob, teneo.) piduin.)
Obviam, adv., against; in the way of. Oppid-um, I, n., a town.
(Ob, via.) Opporttin-US, a, um, convenient, suit-
Occasio, occasiOn-is, /, opportunity, oc- able, opportune. (Oh, opposite; portus,
casion; crisis. (Occido.) the haven.)
OccaS-US, us, m., a falling down; setting Opprimo, oppressi, oppressum, opprlm-
(of sun, iScc); the west; death. (Oc- 6re, to overpower; crush; kill; catch,
cido, to fall, set.) surprise. (Ob, premo.)
Occid-0, i, occisum, occid-(5rei to kill, Oppugnatio, oppugnation-is, /, an as-
slay. (Ob, caedo.) sault, siege, storming (of a town.) (Op-
Occupat-U3, a, uin, petf. part, of oc- puiriio.)
cupo. Oppugn-0, avi, atum, are, to fight
Occup-0, avi, atum, are, to anticipate; against, assault, storm. (Ob, pugno.j
seize, take possession of, occupy. (Ob, Optim-US, a, um, best, (superl. of bonus.)
capio.) (Seep. 87.)
OccuT-0, 1, occursum, occurr-2re, to run Optio, option-is, /, choice: dare option
towards, to meet. (Ob, curro.) em, to give a choice. (Opto.)
Ocior, 5cior, ocius, swifter, quicker. Opus, op6r-is, n., a work, labour.
Octavi-a, ae,/., Octavia. Opus, indecL, n., need: opus est, it is- ne-
Octavian-US, i, m., Octavianus (Au- cessary.
gustus.) Oratio, oration-is, /., speech ; power of
Ociil-US, i, m., an eye. speech ; an oration. (Ofo.)
Odi, odisse, (preteritive verb,) to hate. Orator, orator-is, m., a pleader, a public
(Seep. 95.) speaker, orator. (Oro.)
Odios-US, a, um, hateful, odious. (Odi- Ordin-0, avi, atum, are, to put in order,
um.) aiTange. (Ordo.)
Odi-um, i, n., hatred, grudge. (Odi.) Ordior, orsus sum, ord-iri, (dep.,) to
OfFero, obtnii, obiatum, oflferre, to pre- begin, wukrtake.
sent, offer. (Ob, fero.) Orgetorix, Org6t6rtg-is, m.. Orge-
OfFicin-a, ae, /., a workshop. tortx.
Offici-um, i, «., duty, service. (Said to Orior, ortus sum, <5r-iri, (dep.,) to arise,
be contracted from opiftctum, from begin; spring from^
opitex, a worltman.) Omat-US, us, m., ornament: a l>adge;
Offundo, oflfQdl. offQsum, offund-5re. to equipment. (Omo.)
if
1 I
1-
1
m
m
222 LATIN VOCABtTLAnV.
Om-0, Sri, fttum, ire, to adi>m, deck, Oltend-0, l, nstensum, (orostentam,) o»

ornament ; equip. tend-6re, stretch forth ; show, exhibit
Or-0, ivl, Atum, ftre, to beg, pray, en- (Ob, tondo.)
treat. Osti-a, lie,/, Ostia, the sea-port of Rum*.,
Ort-US, a, um, per/, part, of orlor. at the mouth of the Tiber,
Ort-U8, us, in., the ruing (of the sun); Otids-U.>, a, um, having abundance oj
east, (Orlor.) leisure ; .quiet ; idle. (Otium.)
6s, Or-is, n., the mouth; a bill, beak; the Oti-am, V "., ease; leisure; idleness;
face. peace.
Os, OSS-id, n., a hone. Ovil-e, is, n., a sheep-fold. (Ovis.)
Os-culor, at us sum, arl, (dep. 1,) to kiss. Ov-is, Is, /., a sheep.
(Osculum.) Ov-0, avl, atum, iirc, to triumph. (Ovbi.)
Oscul-um, i, a, a kiss. (Os.) Ov-um, i, n., an egg.
P.
Pabul-um, i, n., fodder. (Pnsco, pS-vl.) bring forth ; to desire to bring fbrth.
P&C&t-US, a, um, perf. part, qf paco, (Partus.)
and adj., pacified, subdued. Fart-US, fls, m., a bringing forth; a
Pac-0, Svl, iitura, are, to render peaceful, birth, offspring. (Pario.)
pactfy; subdue, (Pax.) Part-US, a, um, obtained, procured;
Pact-US, a, um, having agreed; (perf. ( perf part, of pario.)
part, of paciscor, to agree.) P&rum, adv., too little; little; not.
Paene, culv., almost, nearlg. Parvul-US, a, um, very Utile ; (dimin. of
Pallid-US, a, um, pale, wan. fPolleo.) parvus.)
PS,lus, palQd-la,/., a mar«A,/ea Parv-US, n, um, smail, little,
P&l-US, i, m., a stake, pole, pale. Pasco, pavi, pastum, pasc-6re, to feed,
Pan, Pan-Is, or Pi-n-os, m., Pan, god of '
pasture; nourish.
shepherds; (accus., Pana.) Passer, passCr-is, m., a sparrow.
Pand-O, i, pansum, and passum, pand- Pass-US, a, um, dishevelled; scattered;
6 re, to lay open, expose to view. (perf. part, o/pando.)
Pang-0, p6pTgi, pactum, pang-Cre, to Pastor, pastOr-is, tn., a shepherd, herds-
establish, fix ; to bargain; agree. man. (Paaco.)
Pan-is, is, m., bread, a loqf. Past-um, supine o/pasco.
Par.ther-a, ao, /, a panther. Paten-a, (or patina,) ao, /., a flat dish,
Papaver, papavgr-is, n., a poppy. plate. (Patco.)
Par, gen. parls, a^j., (see p. 31,) equal to, P&t-eo, ui, 5ro, to lie open ; be exposed to;
on an equality with; alike; a match for. extend.
ParCO, peperci, (or pars!,) parsum, (and Pater, patr-is, m., a father, ances'or;
parcitum,) parc-6re, to spare; refrain patrcs, senators, or ancestors.
from, forbear ; (governs dat.) (Tarciis.) Patern-US, a, um, belonging to a father,
P&rens, parent-is. m. or /, a parent, Patiens, patient-is, (pres. part, of
(father or mother.) (Pario.) patior, and ad;.,) suffering; patient, en-
Par-eo, ui, Itum, Cre, /') appear; obey. durant,
Fario, pCpGri, partum, pilr-cre, to briny Patior, passus sum, p5t-I, (dep. 3,) to
forth, produce; get, frocure. suffer, allow ; endure, submit to.
Pariter, adv., equallii. Fatri-a, ae, /, native country. (Pater.)
Pamass-U3, 1, m., Parnassus, a moun- Patr-0, avi. atum, are, to perform, ac-
tain in Greece, complish, finish.
Par-0, avi, atum, fire, to prepare, get Patul-US, a, um, wule-.%preading, broad.
ready; provide. Pauc-i, ae, a,,fciu; afew.
Pars, part-is, /, apart, share, portion. Paullatim, [or i-aulatlm,) adv., by de-
Partior, partitus sum, part-ill, to divide, grees.
apportion, (Pars.) Paullo, adv., hyaUWc; nA.itiU.
Partiir-io, Ivi, Itum, ire, to he about to Pauper, gen., paupCr-is, adj., poor.
LATIN VOCABULARY. 223
Panpertai, panportlt-ls, /., poverty. Per-eo, ll, (Ivl,) Unm, !re, to go through;
P&vens, imvent-is, a<(;., {and prtt. part. perish, die; be ruined. (Per, eo.>
0/ ii&\to,) ftarful, timid. PerfSro, pertail, perUtum, p«rferr»>,
P&veo, pilvi, pav-ere, (obct^Vau/, to /ear, to carry through, convq/; endure, suffer,
to drtad. (Per, fero.)
Pavid-Ufl, a, um, timid.
(Pavoo.) Perfldi-a, ae, /, violation of faith; per.
P4vo, pilvOn-U, m., apeacoct. fitly, falsehood. (Perfldus.)
Pavor, pftvOr-ls, m.,/«ar. (Pavco.) Perf Id'US, «, \\m, faithless, treacherous.
Pax, pac-l8, /., peaee. (Per, fldes.)
Peccat-um, l, n., an error, fault; tin. Perfug-a, ae, m., a runaway, a de-
(Tfcco.) serter. (Perfuglo.)
Pecc-0, fttum,
ftvl, ire, to err; tin; PergO, penexl, perrectum, porg-6re, to
commit a fault. go right on, proceed, advance, (I'er,
Pecten, poctln-ls, m., a comb. (Pccta, rego.)
to comb.) PerlcIIt-or, fttus sum, ftrl, to incur dan-
Pectus, pcct«r-la, n., the breatt ; heart. ger. (Perlculum.)
PScfini-a, ae, /, money. (Pecua) Periclum, syncopated for periculum.
Pecns, pec6r-ls, n., a flock; cattle. PeriC&l-um, n., a trial; risk, danger.
l,
P§C-US, Qdls, /., a head of cattle; a beast. Perltur-U8, a. \\m,fut. part, o/pereo.
Pellicio, pellexl, pellectum, pelllc-fiie, Perlt-US, a, uu, txperiencedf tkUUd;
to entice, allure, coax. (Per, Ucio.) clever.
Ptll-is, l8,/i aikin, hide. Perlustr-O, avi, atum, are, to range
Pello, pCpflU, pulsum, pcll-6re, to drive through, traverse; examine, survey.
push; expel; rout. PermittO, permlsl, pennlssum, per-
Pendeo, pependl, pensum, pend-Bre, to mitt-Cre, to send on ; let go ; surrender
hang, be suspended; be imminent. alloie. (Per, mitto.)
(Pendo.) PermSt-US, a, um, alarmed; (perf,
Pendo, pgpendl, pensum, pond-6re, to part, o/permoveo.)
hang up; weigh; pay. Permoveo, perm5vl, permOtum, per-
PenitUB, adv., inwardly; thoroughly, mOv-Sre, to move to the centre; exciu,
entirely. arouse, alarm. (Per, moveo.)
Penn-a, ae, /, a feather. Permulceo, permulsi, permulsum, per-
Peperci, perf. ind. act. of parca mulc-Sre, to stroke gently; soothe;
Peperi, perf. ind. act. of pailo. please. (Per, inulceo.)
Per, prep, with accus., through; during; Pemlci-es, ei, /., destruction; death;
by, by means of; on account of, calamity. (Perneco.)
Per-a, ae, /., a bag, wallet. Perpast-US, a, um, thoroughly fed; fat.
PeragO, perSgi, peractum, perag-8re, to (Per, pastus.)
go through with; traverse; perform, Perpauc-i, ae, a, very few. (Per,
execute. (Per, ago.) pauci.)
Peragr-O, fivi, atum, are, to wander Perpetud, adv., continually, constantly.
through, roam through, travevt . (Per, (Perpetuus, from per and peto.)
nger.) Pers-a, ae, m., a Persian.
Percont-or, (or percunctor,) Stus sum, Perscribo, perscripsi, perscriptum, per-
ari, {dep. 1,) to search or probe tho- scrib-gre, to write fully; to write out)
roughly; to examine; inquire into. write at length, detail. (Per, scribe.)
Percutio, percussi, percussum, percQt- PersSquor, persecfltus sum, persfiqui,
ere, to strike through; slay, kill. (Per, (dep. 3,) to follow qfler; pursue. (Per,
quatio.) sequor.)
Perd-0, Idl, Itum, gre, to destroy, ruin Persi-a, ae, (or Perse, Perses,) /, Persia.
lose. Persolv-O, i, persolutum, persolv-6re,
PerduCO, perduxl, perductum, perdue- to free entirely ; pay to the last farthing;
fire, to Uad through, conduct. (Per, explain. (Per, solve.)
duco.) PerstringO, perstrinxl, perstrictum,
F6r§grin-U», a, um, foreign, strange, perstring-ere, to seue tightly; check;
alien. (Per, ager.) reprove. (Per, strlngo.)
234 LATIN VOCABTjIj^ny.
Permadeo, peMti/l«!. pemuftiium, pcr- Pl&nSt-a, ae, m., a vattdering star ; a

BuAd-eic, to cunvtnee ; ptriumie. (I'ur, planet.
Bundeo.) Plan-US, a, uni, /(«<,• plain; lep*L
Pertaesuin eat, («« p. 07, 4 ; per/, of Plebei-U8, a, um, belonijwg to t/ie plehx,
pcrtaudut,) i( it duijuUing; it du- plebeian; common. (Pletin.)
gu*tf. Pleb-es, is, or JSl, or i, /, the pkbs, com-
Pertr&hc, pcrtraxi, pcrtractum, per- mon people,
trah-Cre, to drag through; protract, Plebs, plCbis, /., tame as plobcs.
prolong. (Per, traho.) Plen-U8, a, um,/«//.
Perturb&t-U8, a, um, dismayed, terri- PlQin-a, ao, /., down ; a small feather;
fied; ( per/, part, o/ peittirbo.) plumage.
Perturb-o, avi, atum, aie, to disturb Plures,plurc8, plura, tnore: (pi. of plus;
greatly ; cot\fu$e ; confound. (Per, compar. 0/ mult us.)
turbo.) Plurimum, adv., very much; videru
Perv8n-io, l, tum, ire, to come all the plnr\mi\m,to see most keenly. (Plurimus.)
iray; arrive, reach. (Per, vciiio.) Plurim-US, a, um, the i.wst; very much;
Pes, p6(l-l», HI., a/oot. very many; (superl. 0/ multus.)
PeS8im-US, a, um, the worst; superl. 0/ Plfls, gen. plur-is, more; neid. of corn-
iiialus. (Seep. 37.) par. of multus. (See p. 37, 6.) Also
Pestllenti-a, ue, /., a plague ; destruc- adv., more.
tion. Pocul-um, i, n., a drinking vessel, cup,
P8W), Ivl, Itum, 5re, to make/or; attack; bowl. (Hoot, I'O, to drink.)
seek, ask; covet. PoeiT-a, poemat-i», n., a poem.
Petulans, gen. pgtniant-ls, ad;., /or- Poen-a, /, satisfaction (for an in-
ao,
ward; petulant; insolent, saucy. (PCto.) jury;) pimishmenl ; fine : dare poenna
Phaethon, Phaethont-ls, »«., thaethon, to suffer punishment : sumere puenus,
son 0/ Apollo. to inflict punishment.
Fhilipp-i, orum, m., Philippi, a tovm Poenitenti-a, ae,/., repentance. (Poen-
of Macedonia. itere.)
Phil5B5phi-a, ae, /., philosophy ; learn- Poenitet, impers. verb, it repents. Sa
ing. p. 97, 4 ; also p. 9!>, 9, (2.)
Phoeb-US, 1, m., Phoebus, the sun god. Poet-a, ne, «!., a poet.
Pict-US, a, uin, painted; variegated; PoUiceor, pollicitus sum, polllc-Bvl,
{per/part. o/piiiKO) (dep. 2,) to promise.
Pietaa, pietrit-i3, /..yt/kJi affection; duty; Pompili-US, 1, m., PompQius (Numa.)
piety. (Pius.) Pom-um, i, n., fruit; i.e., small fruit of
Figet, impers. verb, it grieves (me); I any kind, as ayipli's, berries, tigs, itc.
regret (See p. 97, 4.) Pondo, an indeclinable subst., a pound;
Pignus, pign5r-i3, n., a pledge; wager. (used in pi. :) also an adv (really old ,
Pila, ae, /., a ball ah\.,f by weight.

Pile-US, i, «>., a cap, hat. (Pllus.) PonO, p6sui, posltum, pOn-Cre, to place,
Pil-US, i, m., a hair. set, lay ; lay aside.
PingO, pinxi, pictum, ping-Cre, to Pons, pnnt-is, w., a bridge.
paint; embroider. Popul-US, i, m., a people, nation ; com-
Pin-UB, i, /., (2d Bed.,) or Qs, (4ih munity.
Decl.,) a pine-tree. P6pul-US, i, /, a poplar-tret.
Pisc-is, is, m., ajish, Porcell-U8, i, m., (dimin. of porous,) a
Pisistrat-U8, i, m., Pishtratus, little pig.
Plac-eo, ui, Itttin, ere, to please. Porsen-a, ae, m., J'orsena (Lars), king of
Placet, '«np«rs., it pleases; it is resolved. Clusium,
Placid-UP, a, um, calm, peac^l, gentle. Port-a, ae, a gate, door.
/.,
(Placeo.) Portend-0, portentum, poTtend-?re,
i,
riac-0, avi, atum, are, to make calm, to point out ; show bôrehavd, foretell
wothe, appease. (= protendo.)
Plane, adv., plainty, ciearly, evidently, Pott-0, uvi, utuni, are, to curry, hear;
ma'ufiitlj. (Fianus.') ring.
t\
r
LATIN VOOABULAnV. 226
Port-tll, u«, m., nn entranef ; a harbour, Praedo, praodnn-Ii, m., a robber, pmn-
haven. (U-rer. (Praeda.)
FO8CO, pOposrI, posc-Pre, to demand. Praefect-U>, 1, m., an overseer; a com-
F5ait-U8, a, utn, pUtced, settled; laid mamter, governor . (PraeHcio.)
aside; (per/, part, o/pono.)
Praefulgeo, praefulsl, praefnlK-Cre. to
FoiBUm, pOtui, poiMe, to be able. (See s/une brightly. (Piae, fulgeo.)
p. 80.)
VOBt, prep, with aecut., (and adv.,) after;
Praegfuat-0, avi, atum, are, to taste ^
fore; tasteftrst. (I'rae, Kusto.)
siitce; behind Praeli-Um, «.. a
1, battle, fight.
Posted, atlv., afterwards, hcreancr. PraemittO, praomlsl, praomlssum.
P08t8r-i, onitn, m. pi., posterity, descend- praemlttCro, to send btfore, send for-
ants. (See postcrus.) ward; despatch. (Prae, mitto.)
PostSr-UB, a, uin, next qfler, follomng: Praemi-um, I, 1., a reward, prize.
pi, posterL (Seep 37, 6.) Praerept-U8, a, um, snatched awnyf
Postquam, cot\i., q/ter that, since; carried off prematurely. (I'raerlplo.)
when. Praerip-io, ul, pracreptum, praerip.
Postrem-US, a, um, the last, (superl. of fire, to seiie before, or prematurely.
posterns:) ad postromuiii, at Praesep-e,
last. is, «., o stall; fold, pens
(See p. 37, 6.) manger. (I'rae, sepes.)
Postridie, adv., the dap after, the next Praesldi-um, 1, n., a protection, guard,
day. (Postcrus, dies.) dênca; garrison. (Pracses, a pro-
Postiil&t-um, i, »., a demand. (Post- tector.)
ulo.)
Praest-ans, gen. praestant-ls, a<y.,
Postiil-O, ftvi, atum, are, to demand, ask. (part, o/praosto,) surpassing, excellent;
Posttlmi-US, 1, m., Postumius, (Aulus.) distinguished,
FStens, gen. potent-is, ai^., (and part. Praest-O, Itl, ttum, or atum, fire, to
0/ possum.) ai/e; powerful. stand before, surpass to stand in front
,
PStestas, potestat-ls,
/, power, aut?io- of,dênd; make good, fulfil, perform,
nty; influence; upportnnity. pay; supply, afford (Pruc, sto.)
Poti-or, potltus sum, pot-Iri, (dep. 4,; Praesum, praeful, praeesse, to be over,
to take possession of; get; possess. to have in charge, command (Piao,
(Governs gen. or abL) sum.)
PStJor, potior, potius, (compar. of potls, Praeter, prep, with aceus., besides, ex-
able,) vioreable, more powerful ; better, cept ; beyond, over and above. (Prae,
preferable. and comparative termination -ter.)
Potlt-US, a, uiii,^«r/ part. 0/ potior. Praeterea, adv., besides. (Practer.)
Potius, neut. of potior, aUo adv., Praeter-eo, u, (for ivi,) itum, ire, to
rather pass by, omit, neglect, forget. (Praeter,
Prae, adv., or prep, with ahl, b(/orc eo.)
Praeb-eo, ul, Itum, Sre, to hold out; Praetext-a, ae, /., a Roman tunic (with
give, afford, supply. (Prae-hlbeo, a broad purple
i.e., border.) (Praetcxo.)
pr.ie, tiiibeo.)
Prat-um, l, n.,a meadow.
Praecedo, praccessl, praeces-sum, prae- Prav-US, a, um, crooked, distorted;
c5d-ere, to go before; surpa^, excel. perverse, wicked, depraved
(Pr.ne, cedo.) Prec-es, um,f.pl., entreaties; a prayer;
Praecept-um, i, n., a command, order; request. (From obsolete prex, wlilcli is
adeice. precept. (Praecipio.) sometimes used in dat., accus., and
Praecipio, praecCpi, praeceptum, prae- abL sing.)
elp.gre, to take beforehand; anticipate; Prec-or, atus sum, arl, (dep.,) to pray,
to lay down rules foi ; to command. entreat. (Preces.)
(Prae, capio.) Prehend-0, {shortened into prendo,) i,
Praecludo, praeclQsl, praecia.sum, preliensum, prehend-Cra, to catch,
praeclQd-ere, to shut in front, close; seize, apprehend
stop short; put a stop to; shut up.
Premo, pressi, pressum, prfim-5re, to
(Prae, claudo.)
Praed-a, ae, /, booty, plunder.
press upon ; cru.ih
pursue.
; cliech : press hard; 1
1.'2)
15
r-
226 LA.TIN VOCABULARY.

PrenB-U8,a, nm, {for ptohens-us; petf, Pr5d-0, Tdl, ttum, 8re, tc give up, dtlirtf
part. o/prehon(lo,)caM!7/i<. over, betray; abandon; to hand down,
PrSti-nm, l, n., price, value ; reward piihlish, declare. (Pro, do.)
Pridie, ak/h., the day before. (Pi-, root PrSdQcO, produxi, productum, prodflo-
Q/'prae, pro, ifec. ; anrfdles.) fire, to lead forth, bring out, prodtice;
Primo, adv., at fret; in the first place. prolong. (Pro, duco.)
Prim5r-eS, um, in. pi., chi^men, nobles: PrSfecto, adv., in reality, truly, cer-
pi. qf culj pilmOr-ia, Is, 0. (I'limus.) tainly.
Prim-um, adv., first of all Pr6fect-US, a, um, perf. part, of proflcls-
Prim-U8, a, um, ord. num., first; cor.
{superl. of piis or prae. See p. 38, 7.) Profero, protnil, prolatum, proforre, to
Princeps, gen. prliiclp-ls, a((^, fore- bring out, jyroJuce, discover, put forth,
most, ehi^: as subsi., a cfiitf man, exhibit. (Pro, fero.)
prince. (Primus, capio.) PrSfloisCOr, prfifectus sum, profioisci,
Princi*)&t-us, us. m., chi^ power; {dep. 3,) to set out, depart; advance.
sovereignty. Pr6fug-io, 1, Uuin, fire, to flee forward,
Prior, prior, prius, {see p. 38, 7,) fanner, or away; escape. (Pro, fugio.)
first of two ; {compar. of pris or prae.) Pl'dgSni-es, el, /, an offspring, progeny,
PrisC-UB, I, m., Frisciu, (proper name.) brood. (Pro, and gen, root o/gigno.)
a* common adj., old, ancient. ProgrSdior, progressus sum, pr .jigdl,
Pristln-UB, a, um, fonner; primitive; to go forward, advance, proceed. (Pro,
old, ancient. (Prae, or priscuu.) gradior.)
PriUB, adv., before, fmvwrly; {neut. of Prohib-eo, ul, Itum, iSre, to keep off,
prior.) prevent, restrain ; forbid. (Pro, liabeo.)
Priusquam, eotv. or adv., before that. Projicio, projed, projectum, projlc-6re,
Somethr.es written separately, with to throw forward; prostrate. (Pro,
one or more words intervening. Jacio.)
Priy&t-UB, a, um, {p^f.part. o/prlvo,) Prolabor, prolapsus sum, proiaiji, {dep.
deprived qf; deprived of a public office 3,) to slide forward, slip; sink; fall.
hence, in private station, private; indi- (Pro, labor.)
vidual, personal, one's otcn. Prol-es, is,/, off.tpring.
PriV-0, avi, atum, are, to deprive of, Proloquor, prolocfttus sum, prolftqul,
bereave. (Prlvus.) to speak out, say openly, declare.
Pro, prep, with abl, in front of, b^re, Promiss-US, a, um, perf part, of pro-
instead of; as ; for the benefit of. mitto: barbti proniissa, a long {l.e., a
Pr5b-US, a, um, approved f; upright, hanging down) beard.
honest. Prdmitto, promisl, pronilssum, pro-
Pr5c-as, ac, m., Procas, one of the kings niitt-Cre, to send forward; let Jiang
of Alba. down; to pronme. (Pro, mltto.)
Procaz, gen. procac-is, ac^., forward, in- Pr6pe,'adw., near: also prep, withaccus.
solent; petulant. (Proco, to sue, beg.) near to. (Comp. propius, nearer.)
Prdcedo, process!, processum, procGd- Pr5p8r-0, avl, atum, are, to hasten, be
fire, to go forward, advance. (Pro, quick. (Properus.)
cedo.) Propcno, propSsui, pr5p5sltum, prOpSn-
PrScnl, adv., at a distance, far off. 6re, to set bôre ; propose ; intend ; de-
Procul-UB, 1, m., I'roculus, {proper clare. (Pro, pono.)
name.) Proposit-um, l, n., a purpose, project,
Pr6d-eo, li. Ovl,) Itum, !re, to go forth; intention; opinion; proposition. (Pro-
come out, appear. (Pro, eo.) pone.)
Prodlgi-um, l, «.,an omen ; prodigy Fropri-US, a, um, peculiar; own; spe-
portent. (I'ro, and dig-, or die-, root cial.
of 6ico, (Sec.) Propter, prep, with accus., on account of

Proditio, prOdltlon-ls, /., a giving up Prorip-io, ui, proreptum, prorlp-fire^
betrayal, treachery. (Prodo.) to hurry forth, or onward ; to drag out
rzuuitcr, pri5uuor»i3. ffs. a fgsôr, be- (Fro, rapio.)
trayer- (Proda) ^^ Frdsequor, prOsecatus smn, pror^quL
LATIN V«»CABTJLARY. 227
onward ; accompany; convey;
to follote ?Ugn-a, «e, /, a *"tttle, fight. (Pug,
/ottouiup (a tuliject.) (Pro, sequor.) root o/pnngo, pu-png-i.)
PrSspIcio, rrospexl, prospectum, pr5- Pugn-0, avi, atum, are, to fight. (Pug.
splc-Cre, to look forward; watch; pro- nu.)
vide for ; foraee. (I'ro, »p6cio.) Pulcer, pulcra, pulcrum, fair, beautiful
Prosum, pioful, prodesse, to bf. of ser- Pulcher, pulclira, pulclirum, (or pulcer,
vice to, to ben^t. Governs datlvo. (I'lo, pulcra, (fee.,) /air, beautiful
Bum.) Pulcherrime, adv., (superl of pulchrh,)
Prdtinns, adv., straight forward; forth- most beautifully ; most nobly.
with, immediately. Pull-US, 1, m., a young animal; a chirk-
Pr6vldenti-a, ae, /, forethought, pro- en; one of a brood, (Puellui, from
vidence. (Piovldens.) puer.)
Pr6v81-0, 5vi, atuin, are, to fly out, or Pulmentari-um, i, «., anything eaten
forward; hasten on. (Pro, volo.) with bread; relish; a dainty. (Pul-
Proxim-US, a, um, nearest, next; nientum, fi\>m puis, pultis, pap, or
(superl of prope,— *e< p. 38, 7:) in pottage.)
proximo, at the nearest point. Puls-0, avi, ahim, arc, to beat frequently
PrQdenti-a, ae, /, (provldeiitia,) fore- knock at; beat, batter. (Fi'cquentativa
sight, forethought, prudence, wisdom. from polio.)
(Pnideiis, t,e., provldens.) Puls-U8, a, um, petf, part, of pella
Publice, adv., publicly ; at the public ex- Pulvis, pnlvCr-is, m., dust.
pense. (Publicus.) PflniC-US, a, um, Punic, (Le., Cartha-
Public-US, a, um, belonging to the people ginian, or Phoenician.)
public (POpulus.) Pdn-io, ivl, itum, Ire, to pvnish. (Poe-
Piidet, pudult, <tc, it ashames. See p. na.)
97, 4, and 98, 9, (2.) Punior, punltus sum, puniri, (past, of
Piidor, piidor-is, jn., shame; modesty. piinio,) to be punished: (also dep.,) to
(Pudeo.) punish.
Fuell-a, ae, /., a girl (From puellus, Punct-um, i, n., a prick, sling; punc-
dimin. of puer.) ture. (I'ungo.)
Puer, puer-i, m., a boy; slave: in pi, Purg-0, avi, atum, are, to cleanse, clear;
children. excuse; purge. (Puruni, ago.)
Pueril-is, is, e, boyish, childish. (Puer.) Piir-US, a, um, clear, pure, unadulterated.
Pueriliter, adv., childishly; foolishly. Pute-US, 1, m., a well, pit.
(I'uerilis.) Put-0, avj, atum, arc, to think, suppose.
Q., an abbreviation for Quintus, (P. name.) j

Qual-is, is, e, of what kind, such as.
Qua, adv., where, whither. (Qiils.)
Quadraginta, ccrd. num., forty. Indecl, Quam, adv., in what way, in wfiat degree;
Quadrans, quad-ant-is, vi., a fourth how : cu conj., as, than.
part, quarter; a farthing; a quadrans Quamlibet, adv., as you please, at plea-
(fourth part of an as.) sure; how much soever. (Quam, lib-
Quadrig-a,ae,/, and quadrlR-ae, arum, et.)
/ pi, a four-horse chariot. (Quadri- QuampTimum, adv., cu soon ta possible.

lugiie, from quatuor, jugnm.) Quanivis, adv., in what way, or as much
QuaerO, quaesivi, quaositum, quaer-Cre, as you will; however much; although.
to seek, ask, (Quam, and vis/rom volo.)
Quaeso, qunesQmus, (defective verb), I Quandoquidem, adv., since indeed;
pray, we pray. seeing that. (Quando, quldein.)
Quaestio, quaestlOn-is, /, an inquiry, Quantum, adv., (neuter of quantus).
examination, inquest. (Quaero.) how much ; as much as ; as far fu.
Huaestor, quaestor-ls, m., a quaestor; Quai^plB, a, um, how much, how grrat;
pcymasttr. (Quaesitor, from quaero.) as ^Kch or as great as.
Qn&propteT, adv.,on which account, Quint-US, a, um, ord. num., J^fh.

wherôrt, why. (Quam, rem, propter.) (Qulnquft)
Qa&re| adv., from what circumstance, Quippe, adv. and conj-, certainly; in-
whertfore, why. (Qua, re, of res.)
abl. deed; as being; since, inasmuch at.
Quart-US, a, um, ord num., the fourth. (Quia, pe; or, as others prefer, qui,
(Quatuor.) pote.)
Quasi, adv., at if, as though ; just at. Quiriual-is, is, e, belonging to Qui-
Quatuor, card, num., four. (Sometimes rinus ; the Quirinal Hill.
written quattuor.) QuiliU-US, i, m., Quirinut, (Le., RomU'
Que0,QuIvl, quitum, qu-!re, to be able, lus.)
Quci t- IS, us, /., an oo* tree. (See p. Quis, quae, quid, or quod, interrog.
26, 2.) pron., whot which t whatt Also, in-
Querel-a, ae, /., a complaint. (Qu6ror.) def., any one, some one.
QuSror, questus sum, quSrl, (dtp. 3,) to Quisnam, quaenam, quldnam, who,
complain, bewail. prayt what, pray t what at allt
Qui, quae, quod, ret pron., who, which, Quisquam, quaequam, (quidquam,)
that. (See p. 43, 9.) quicquam, any one, any thing.
Qui, quae, quod, ind^. pron., what, Quisque, quaeque, quodque, or quidquo,
which. Also interrog., whot wfialt every, each.
which? Quivis, quaevis, lodvls, or quld\i8,
Qui, adv., (old abL of qûi,) ?iow, in what any (person or thing) you please what ;
manner. you please. (Qui, via, from volo.)

Quia, con;'., because. Quo, adv., in what place ; where, where-
Quicunque, quaectmqne, quodcunqne, ever, —
anywhere: quo co, by how much,
whoever, whichever. (See p. 43, 9.) by so much; in proportion as.
Quidam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. Quo, adv., to what purpose; of what use;
pron., certain one; tome (person or whither.
thing.) Quo, cory., in order that, that.
Quidexn, adv., indeed: na— quidem, not Quod, conj., because; that; since.
even. Quodvis. (See Quivis.)
Quidni, adv., why not f Quominus, adv., so that not.
QuieS, qulgt-is, /., rest, quiet, sleep. Quondam, adv., formerly ; once upon a
QuiesOO, quievl, qulStum, quiesc-Sre, to time.
rett, be quiet. (Quies.) Quoniam, coiy., because; seeing that;
Quiet-US, a, um, quiet, peaceful; com- since.
poted. (Quies.) Quoque, adv., also, too.
Quln, adv., in what manner nott why Quot, indecl. adv., how many; as many as,
nott how nott that not; but that; that. Quotannis, adv., every year. (Quot,
See note, p. 88. (Qui, ne, or non.) annus.)
Quinam, quaenam, quodnam, interrog. Quotldie, adv., daily, every day. fQuot,
pron., whot which f what, prayf who dies.) *•
at allt Qu5tieS, adv., how often ; as often as.

Quingent-i, ae, a, card, num., five hun- Quum, (or cum,) c(wy., when, since, be-
dred. (Quinque, centum.) cause.
R.
£&di-UB, i, m., a staff, rod; ray; spoke KapId-US, a, um, hurrying on; rapid,
(of a wheel), suiift. (Kapio.)
B&diX, radic-!s, /., a root ; base (of a R§.pln-a, ae, /., plunder, rapine, robbery.
mountain"^ (Rapio.)
Br&moS-US, a, um, abounding in branch- Rap-io, ui, tnm, Sre, to seize hastily,
es, branchy. (Ramus.) snatch; drag; steal; hurry on.
Ram-US, l, m., a bramh, boughm, Bapt-U8, a, um, (perf. part, qf rapio,)
Ean-a, ae,/., a frog. " se.ued, oarrted ojf. dec.
; ;;

R&r-tlB, a, nm, scarce, rare ; (of nets,) Regi-a, /, a royal house, (domos
ae,
tuide-nuthed ; few; here and there. understood;) palace; court, (Rex.)
Ratio, ration-is,/, a calculation, account; Regill-U8, i, m., Regillus, a lake.
reasoning; reason; thought; manner. Regin-a, ae,/, ag'ueen. (Rex.)
KauraC-i, orum, m. pi, the Rauracu Regi-US, a, um, kingly, royal; noble,
Be-, or red-, a prefix used in compound (Rex.)
words, iM'^ning 'back;' as, reduce, to Regn-0, firi, Stuni, are, to act the king;
lead back: hence it signifies (1) âgain ;' reign, rule. (Regnum.)
as, resume, to take again: (2) âgainst;' Regpi-um, i, n., a kingdom; royal
as, resisto, to set one's self against: power, sovereignty. (Rex.)
(3) '«»-,• Le., not; retendo, to unstretch, RIgO, rejl, rectum, reg-6re, to make
unbind; recludo, to open. straight; direct; rule.
Kecedo, recessi, recessum, recSd-Sre, to RegrSdior, regressus sum, rSgr6d-l, to
go back, retire ; give up. (Re, cede.) go back, return; retreat. (Re, gradior.)
Recens, gen. recent-is, ac(/., fi'esh, new; Belabor, relapsus sum, relabl, (dcp. 3,)
recent. to slide back; fall back; retire; retreaL
Recept-US, a, um, per/, part, of recipio. (Re, labor.)
Recld-0, 1, recasum, recld-6re, to fall RSlat-US, a, um, rêrredto; reckoned
back again; recoil (Re, cado.) among; (.perf. part, qf refeio.)
Recipio, recepl, receptum, reclp-6re, to Relict-US, a, um, left behind; remaining;
take back; receive; recover, regain. (perf. part, o/relinqua)
(Re, capio.) Religio, (or reUlgio,) reilgiOn-ls, /, re-
RectS, adv., rightly, correctly. (Rectus.) verence for the gods; piety, rdigion;
Reot-um, 1, n., rifirW; rectitude; (neut. superstition; scruples of conscience;
0/ rectus, perf. part, of rego.) sacred or moral obligation. (From
Rect-OS, a, um, (perf. part, of rego, and relego, to ponder car^/utty; or religo,
adj., made straight;) right; upright; to bind down.)
proper; good; wise.
jttst; Rellg-o, avi, atum, are, to bind fast, tie.
Rgctipgr-0, avi, atum, are, to get back, (Re, ligo.)
recover. RelinqnO, rellqul, relictum, relinqu-Sre,
Rectls-O, ivi, atum, are, reasonsto give to leave behind, abandon, give up. (Re,
against; refuse, rêct, renounce. (Re, linquo.)
causa.) RSliqoi-ae, arum, / pi, the leavings,
Redd-0, Idi, itum, Sre, to give back, re- remnants, remains. (Relinqiio.)
store; repeat; repay; render; cause. Rellqu-UB, a, um, /^ over, remaining
(Re, do.) the rest. (Relinquo.)
Red-eo, ii, (ivi,) ttum, ire, to go back, re- RemUner-O, avi, atum, Sre, to repay
turn. (Re, or red, eo.) reward. (Re, munero.yhwi munus.)
RedlgO, redegi, rcdactum, rgdTg-6re, to Rem-as, i, m., an oar.
drive back; bring back; reduce. (Re, Rem-OS, i, m., Remus, brother of Romu-
ago.) lus.
Redintegr-O, avl, atum, are, to make RSpello, repfill, repulsum, repell-gre, to
whole again, renew ; rtfresh. (Re drive back, repel, repulse
; ; eortfute.
Integro, from integer.) (Re, pello.)
RedHCO, reduxl, reductnm, redQc-5re, to Repente, adv., suddenly, all at once,
lead back, bring back, restore. (Re, duco.) (Itepens.)
Refect-UB, a, um, perf. part, of reflcio. Rgper-io, i, tum, ire, to get back again;
RefSro, rgtuli, relatum, referre, to carry to find; invent, (Re, parlo.)
or bring back ; report: referre pedem, Repet-0, ivi, Itum, 6re, to seek again
to retreat. (Re, fero.) go bade for; demand; demand restitu-
RSfert, impert. verb, it concerns. (Seep. tion for; repeat. (Re, peto.)
98, 9, (1,) with note.) Repl-eo, Svl, stum, ere, to fill up; fW.
RSflcio, refSci, refectum, reflc-fire, to again, replenish. (Re, pleo, cu m im-
make again, renew; refU. (Re, facio.) _ pleo, compleo, ple-nos, &a)
sezug-io, 1, uuni, ere, lo five back Aepiet-ua, n, um, jiHed with; (per/.
escape; shun. (Re, fugia) part, of replea)
RcpSno, repOsul, repSsttiim, rep6n-Pre, to hammer back, to beat back;tcAe the

to replace, restart ; lay up, keep sajdg. point off, biiut; weaken; restrain;
(Re, poiio.) humble ; refute. (Ke, tundo.)
£epOS0-O, rep5posc-l, r6posc-6re, to de- Revert-0, i, reversum, revert-6re, to
tnand back, demand restitution of; ask turn back, return. (Re, veito.)
for, require. (Uo, posco.) Reverter, reversus sum, reverti, (dep.,)
R^prShend-O, l, reprehensum, repre- to return, turn back. (Reverto.)
hend-6re, to seize again, regain; to hold Revoc-0, ari, atum, are, to call back;
back; reprove, censure. (Re, prehendo.) invite in retutrt; recall. (Re, voco.)
RepromittO, repromisl, Ac, (see Mitto,) Rex, r§g-is, m., a king, prince, chief.
to promise in return. (Re, promitto.) (Rego.)
Eepuls-a, ae, /, a dêat, repulse, rejec- Rhe-a, ae, /., Rhea, (Silvia,) motlier of
tion, rebuff'; loss (of an election.) (Re- Romulus and Remus.
pello.) Rhen-US, i, m., the river Rhine.
Repuls-US, a, um, beaten off, baffled; Rid-eo, risi, risum, rld-Sre, to laugh,
(per/, part, o/repeilo.) laugh at ; mock.
Res, rCl, /., a thing, matter, affair ; pro- Rlg-eO, ul, ere, to be stiff; to be numb.
perty; interest of; domestic affairs : res Rip-a, ae, /., a bank (of a river) ; mar-
gestae, exploits, great deeds. gin, edge (of the sea, <tc.)
Rescindo, rescldi, rescissum, rescind- Rite, adv., duly, according to proper
6re, to tear or cut off;
"'
to break down, ceremony.
or up; repeal; destroy. (Re, sclndo.) RIt-UB, us, TO., a religious ceremony;
Resldeo, rSsedi, resld-ere, to lit down; usage, etiquette.
perch upon. (Re, sedeo.) RiV-US, i, m., a river, stream.
ResistO, resttti, restltam, resist-Sre, to Rix-a, ae,/., a brawl, quarrel, squabble.
come to a stop, stand still, halt ; with- Rodo, rOsi, rOsum, rOd-5re, to gnaw, eat
stand, oppose. (Re, sisto.) away: backbite.
RespergÔ, respersi, respersum, reperg- R5g-0, &vi, atum, are, to ask, beg, entreat.
6re, to spi'inkle all over, bespatter. (Re, Rom-a, ae, /., Rome,
spargo.) Roman-US, i, m., a Roman; or adj.,
Respers-US, a, um, bespattered; {perf. Roman.

part, o/respergo.) Rdmul-US, t, TO., Romulus.
Resplcio, respexl, respectum, respTc- Rostr-um, i, n., a bill, beak; the beak
Cie, to look back; regard, respect. (Re, (ofa ship.) (Rodo.)
specie.) R5t-a, ae,/., awheel
Respond-eo, i, responsum, respond-Sre, Rdtund-US, a, um, round, circular.
to promise in return; to reply, answer. (Rota.)
(Re, spondee.) Rfid-is, is, e, untK'ought, untilled, un-
Respons-um, l, n., an answer, reply; polished, untaught, uncivilized; raw;
utterance of an oracle. (Respondeo.) unskilled; uncomely.
Respublica, relpublicae, /, a common- Rug5s-US, um, full of wrinkles,
a,
wealth, state. (See p. 34, 2.) wrinkled. (Ruga, a wrinkle.)
RestitU-0, i, turn, fire, to establish again, Ruin-a, ae,/, a downfall; ruin, destruc-
renew; restore, rebuild, replace. (Re, tion. (Ruo.)
statuo.) Rumpo, rupi, ruptum, rump-6re, to
Ret-e, is, n., a net ; (abl, rete, or retl.) burst, break ; destroy.
Retend-0, retensum, (or retentum,)
i, Ruo, ml, riitum, (roitum,) ru-Sre, to
ietend-6ie, unbend, relax, slacken.
to fall down, tumble.
(Re, tendo. See lie.) Rflp-es,is,/., a rock.
RStens-US, a, um, unbent, unstrung; Rupt-US, a, um, perf. part, o/rumpa

(perf. part, o/retendo.) RutSUB, and rursum, adv., again.
Retent-US, a, um, held back, detained; RtLs, iiir-is, n., the country: a farm: rura,
( perf. part,
of retineo.) fields.
R|tIn-eo. ul, retentum, retin-Sre, to Ruacio-UB, a, um, belonging to the coun-
hold back, detain. (Re, teneo.) try, rustic, rural I as subst., a country-
RitundO. ret&di, rotOaum, retund-dre, man. (Hus.)
a
8&bln-ni, i, m., a Sabine: pi, Sabinl, Satis, adv., enough, sufficiently.
the Sabines. Sator, satOr-is, m., a father ; creator.
SaCC-U8, I, m., a sack, bag. (Sero; supine, satum.)
S&cer, sacr-a, sacr-um, sacred, holy ; de- Sauci-0, avi, atum, are, to wound, hurt.
voted; accursed: sacra, r». pi, sacred Sax-um, a
i, n., stone, rock.
rites.
Scal-a, ae, (usually in pi.,
scalae,) /., a
S&cerdos, sacerdat-is, m. or /, a priest, ladder, stair, flight of steps. (Seando.)
priestejs. (Sacer.) Scand-0, l, scaiisum, dcand-gre,
to climb,
S&crlfici-um, i, »., a sacr.tict (Sacri- mount, ascend.
fico.)
Scelerat-US, a, um, polluted by crime.
Saepe, adv., often; compar., saeplus; criminal, wicked, abandoned; accursed:
superl, saepissime. as subst., a wretch, miscreant. (Scelero.)
Saev-io, il, (ivl,) Itum, ire, to exercise Sceleste, adv. wickedly, by crime..
cruelty ; to rage, be savage, be furious. Scelest-US, a, um, villainous; regard-

(Saevus.) less; accursed; wicked. (Scelua)
8aevtti-a, ae, (and saevitl-es, ei,) /, Scel-US, 8ris, n., a wicked action ; crime;
cruelty; harshness, severity; rage. heinous sin, enormity.
(Saevus.) Scilicet, adv., it is evident, it is pi, tin;
Saev-US, a, um, raging; cruet; harsh; of course, certainly; forsooth; namely, -7X
fierce, to u>it. (Sci, imperative of scire, to
Sagax, gen. sagac-ls, adj., wise, knowing. know; ond licet)
Sal, sal-Is, m. or n., salt: in pi, sales, Sc-io, ivi, (ii,) Itum, ire, to know.
wit.
Scipio, scIpiOn-is, m., a staff,
Sali-i, orum, m., the Salii, priests of Mars. Scipio, ScipiOn-is, m., Scipio, (proper
Sal-io, ui, or Ivi, (ii,) saltum, sal-ire, to name.)
dance, leap, bound. Sciscit-0, avi, atum, Sre, or more usu-
Salt-0, avl, fitum, are, to dance. (Salio.) ally (dep.) Bciscitor, to inquire, ex-
Salt-US, us, m., a leap: also, amountain; amine, (Scisco.)
a glade; glen; mountain pass; forest. Scrib-a, ae, m., a tcriter, scribe, clerk.
(Sallo.) (Scribo.)
Saluber, and salubr-ls. Is, e, healthy, Scribo, scrlptum, scrlb-gre, to
scripsi,
wholesome. (Salus.) write, enroll; levy; compose,
Salus, salut-is, /., health, s(tfety. Scrtlt-Or, &tus sum, ari, to search into,
Salut-0, avi, atum, are, to ask after the examine,
health of; salute, greeU (Salus.) Scut-um, a shield
i, n., (of oblong shape,)
Salv-US, a, um, safe, well, strong; un- buckler.
hurt. Scyth-a, ae, m., a Scythian.
Sambuce-US, a, um, of or belonging to Secedo, secessi, secessum, 8€ced-gre, to
the elder-tree. (Sambucus.) go apart, withdraw, revolt, (Se, apart;
Sanct-U8, a, um, sacred, holy. (Sancio, cedo.)
to make sacred.) SSc-0, ui, turn, are, to cut, wound; lop off.
S§.ne, adv., truly, indeed. Secum, (ie,, cum se,) with himself, A«t-
Sanguis, sanûln-ls, m., blood; family, seff, themselves, &c (See note §, p. 45.)
race. Secundum, prep, with accus., next to,
Sapiens, gen. saplent-is, ac(/., wise, pru- after, in the next place; according to.
dent; (pres. part. </saplo, to be wise.) (Secundus.)
S&pienti-a, ae, /., wisdom. (Sapiens.) Socund-US, a, um, following after, ae.
S&por, sapOr-is, m., taste, relish. (Sapio, cond; prosperous. (Sequor.)
to taste.) SSciir-is, is, /., an axe, hatchet. (Seco.)
SarcIn-fL, ae. /.. a bttrden. Innd^ bundle,
^-Tcs
•J•^^•-••,li-M!I, t», luit, ,-7x-j.-t tare, a,";.
8&tii0, ivi, atom, &re, to satiate, satt^. anxiom ; considering one's self *oft, (3«.
(Satis.)
cura.)
232 LATIN VOCABULARY
SScus, adv., otherwise. Septem, card, num., seven.
Sed, cot\}., but. Septim-US, a, um, ord. num., seventh.
8Sd-eo, 85dl, scssum, B5d-ere. to sit, Sepulchr-um, (or sepulcrum,) i., n., a
settle. place of interment, a sepulchre, tomb.
Sed-es, is, /., a seat, settlement; abode, re- (Sepelio.)
sidence. (Scdeo.) 3lt as, a, am, perf. part, of sepella
•f-''
B8dil-e, is, n., a seat, bench. (Sedeo.) ^ .
'
1-i, orum, m. pi., the Sequani, a
Seditio, sedltlon-is, /, a putting apart, ..<i tribe,
separation : hence^ an insurrection, mu- •ciÛOr, sCciitus sum, sequi, (dep.,) to
tiny, civil broil, sedition. (S5, apart; follow, attend; pursue.
and do.) Sermo, sermon is, m., conversation,
Sed-0, fivl, atum, are, to cause to sit speech, discourse. (Sero.)
down; settle; appease, (Sedeo.) check. Ser-US, a, um, late, too late : sera noctc,
Seduco, seduxi, &c, (see Duco,) to lead late at night.
aside, or npart; to draw away, separ- Serv-a, ae, /, a (female) slave.
ate. (Se, duco.) Serv-io, ivl or ll, Uum, ire, to be a slave, i
Sediil-as, a, um, {fond of sitting ;) in- to serve, (I.e., be suly'ect to) ; to serve,
dustrious, diligent, sedulous. (Sedeo.) (l.e., to benefit), with dat. (Scrvus.)
Seg[n-is, is, e, slow; indolent, slothful, Servltus, servitut-ls, /, servitude, bond-
lazy. age, shivery. (Seivlo.)
Segreg-0, avl, atum lire, to separate Servi-US, i, m,, Servius (Ttdlius), proj>er
fi-om tfie flock ; to separate, divide ; re- name,
move. (Se, apart, grex.) Serv-0, avi, atum, are, to save, keep,
Sell-a, ae, /, a seat, stool, chair, sedan. preserve ; retain ; watch ; observe ; keep
(Contr.for scdula, from 86u.;0.) close to,
SSmel, adv., once, once
for (Root all. Serv-US, i, m., a slave; servant.
sem-, as in eem-per, slm-ul, sim-plex, Sese, accus. andabl. of sui. (Se repeated.)
Ac.) SetOS-US, a. um, bristly, covered with
Semper, adv., always, at all times, ever. rough hair. (Seta.)
(See Semel.) Seu, conj. (=sive), or seu— seu,
if, if:
Senator, sgnatOr-is, m., a senator,— mem- whether — or.
ber of the Soman Senate. (Same root Sex, card num., six,
as s5n-ex.) Sextil-is, is, e, belonging to the sixth
Senat-US, us, (or l,) m., the Senate, or month (Le., August.) As subst., August.
supreme council of t/ie Romans. (Same (Sex.)
root as s6n-ex.) Sext-U8, a, um, ord. num., sixth.
Senez, gen, sen-is, adj., old, aged: as Sext-US, i, m., Sextus, (Tarquinius.)
subst., an old man or woman. (For Si, conj., if, since,
comparison see p. 37, 5.) Sic, adv^, in
this manner, thus, so.
Senior, m., senior, /, gen. sCnlOr-is, SicC-US, a, um, without mouture, dry,
J>lder. (See p. 37, 6.) parched: in sicco, in a dry place.
Seni-um, l, n., old age; feebleness of age, Sicili-a, ae, /., Sidly.
Jtebilrty, dotage; decay. (Seneo, to be old) SiCUt, (sicutl), adv., so as, just a,?, as it
Senon-es, (Galli,) um, m., theSenone^,, a were. (Sic, ut)
Oallic tribe. SlduS, 8ld6r-is, n., a star constellation.
;
Sensi, perf. ind. act. o/sentio. Signific-0, avi, atum, are, to make a
Sens-US, us, m., the power of feeling sign, indicate (by signs); show, point out;
feeling, sensation, sense. (Sentio.) denote, mean, signify. (Signum, facio.)
Sententi-a, ae, /., mode of thinking; Sign-um, i, n., a mark, sign, signal;
opinion, judgment, sentiment. (Sent-io.) statue.
Sentio, sensl, sensum, sent-Ire, to feel, Sllenti-um, i, n., silence, stillness.
heat, see, think, be of opinion. (Sileo.)
Sep61-i0, Ivi, (ii,) sepultum, BgpSl-Ire, Sll-eo, ui, Ere, to be still, to keep silence.
to bury, inter: obliterate. Si1v-a. aft, f /t froo^ forest.
8gp-i0, si, turn, Ire, to surround with a Silvi-a, ae,/, Silvia, (proper name.)
hetige; enclose, protect, (bupes, a hedê.) Simll-is, in, e, liJke, similar. For uuta-
paratlve, see p. 37, (2.) (Root slm-. S51nm, adv., along, only. (Solus.)
See Semcl.) Sol-US, a, UTn, alone, solitarTf. lonely.
SIminter, adv., in lit: nanner, rimi- S61ut-US, a, \s.m,free, unrestrained; (perf.
larly. part, o/solvo.)
BImliitfldo, slmilltudln-ls, /, likeness, Solv-0, 1, sOiatum, solv-Sre, to until,
resemblance. (Similia) loosen^ let go; break up, dissolve; to
Simi-a, ae, /, an ape. pay.^
8Imi-as, l, m., {see Simla), an ape. Somni-um, 1, n., a dream. (Somnns.)
(Slmus, Jlat-nosed.) Somn-us, l, m., sleep.
Simpliclter, adv., one by one, singly; Sonipes, gen. sonipca-ls, adj., with sound-
timply, plainly ; directly ; sincerely. ing feet; noisy-footed: as subst., (pott.)
(Simplex.) a horse, (Sonus, pea.)
SImul, adv., at the same time, together. Son-0, ul, Itum, are, to sound, eclto.
{See Semel.) (Sonus,)
SImulaci'-um, l, n., an image, likeness; Son-US, i, m., sound.
shadow, reflection ; ghost. (Simulo.) Soph-US, i, m., o wise man, philosopher.
Slmiil-O, (or similo), avi, atum, are, to Sorbltio, sorbltiou-is, /, broth, soup ; a
make like, to imitate, copy; pretend, drink. (Sorbeo.)
fiign. (Sim ills.) Sordid-US, a, um, dirty, foul; beat, mean.
Sine, prep, with abl, without. (Sordeo, to be dirty.)
Singul-i, ae, a, distrib. num., one by one, Sdror, sSror-ls, /., a sister.
one each, individually. (Root sin-, or Sors, sort-is, /., lot, chance, fate, destiny.
slm-. See Semel.) SpargO, sparsi, sparsum, sparg-fire, to
^nister, slnistr-a, slulstr-um, left, on scatter, spread, diffuse,
the left ; unlucky, Spati-um, i, n., space, room, extent,
SSnO, sivi, sTtum, sln-6re, to let alone, distance; space (of time.)
allow, permit, suffer, Speci-es, el,/, a seeing, sight, view; an
SIll-UB, us, m., a fold (of a robe) ; bosojn; appearance, likeness, image; kind. (Spec-
bay (of the sea.) io.)
Si quia, si qua, si quid, or slquod, if Spectaciil-um, i, n., a show, sight, spec-
any, whoever. tacle, exhibition, public game, (Specto.)
Sit-io, ivl, itum, ire, to feel thirst, thirst Spectator, spectatOr-ls, «»., a looker on,
for, (Sitls.) spectator. (Specto.)
Sit-is, Is,/, thirst. Spect-O, avl, atum, are, to look at. gaze
Sive. (See Seu.) at, observe, examine; have an eye to,
S5bol-es, (or suboles), Is, /., an offspring, watch, guard; to look toward, Le., lie
progeny. toward. (Specio.)
Socer, 80c5r-l, m., a father-in-law. Speciil-uni, »., amirror, looking-glass,
i,
SocietaS, socletat-ls, /, companionship, (specio): in speculo lympharum, in

society, intercourse. (Soclus.) the glassy surface of the water.
Soci-aS, 1, m., a partner, companion. SpSc-US, us, (o: I,) TO., (sometimes f. and
85crat-es, is, m,, Socrates. n.,) a cave, cavity, den.
Socr-US, us, /., a mother-in-law. Sper-O, avl, atum, are, to look for ; hope
Sodal-is, is, fTJ. or/., a companion, mate, for; expect.
associate. Sp-eS, el,/, a looking for, expectation;
Sol, sol-is, m., the sun. hope.
Soleo, solltus sum, «61-5re, to be accus- Spirlt-US, us, m., a breath of air, breeze;
tomed, to be wont, breath; spirit, soul. (Spiro.)
Solerti-a, ae,/, (or sollertla), skill, dex- Spir-0, avi, atum, are, to blow; breatfie;
terity; shrewdness, cunning. (Solers.) live.
SSHd-US, a, um, jfrm, compact, dense, Splendld-US, a, um, bright, shining;
solid; whole, entire. magnificent, splendid. (Splendeo.)
SSlitUdo, solitudTn-is, /, being alone Spoliat-US, a, um, stripped (of armour,
Br\14t*tf1a 1a
a€.,) plundered; (ptrf. pari, qfspoiio.)
881it-US, a, um, accuttOTned; (perf. part. Sp51i-0, avi, atum, Si-e, to stHp, plunder,
^Boleo.) spoil. (Spolium.)
ill
SpSli-nm, 1, n., booty, tpoU, prey: pL, to bring under or up; subdue. (Sab,
8p5lia. ago.)
Sptlm-0, &vl, atum, ftre, to foam, froth. Subinde, adv., from nov time to time;
(Spuma, foam.) and then. (Sub, lude.)
St&bill-um, I, n., a standing place; stall, SubltO, adv., suddenly. (Subitus.)
stable. (Sto.) Sublt-US, a, II m, sudden, unexpected.
Stagn-um, l, n., standing water ; apool, (Subeo, to come up.)
pond; fen, marsh. (Sto.) Subject-US, a, um, (perf. part, of sub-
Stitim, adv., immediately, forthwith. jicio,) lying beneath lying near, bor- •
(Sto.) dering on, subjoined ; subject to.

St&tio, statlfln-lfi, /., a standing place, Subjicio, subjSci, subjectum, subjtc-Sre,
post, station. (Sto.) to put under, make subject to; throw
St&tU-a, ae, /, a statue, image. (Statnn.) fi-om under (upward;) bring up to
StatU-0, 1, (n)tuni, 6ie, tosctvp, erect; mind; to substitute. (Sub, jacio.)
establish; resolve. (Status, /^-om sto.) SublSv-0, avi, atum, are, to lift up; sup-
SterCUS, stercOr-ls, n., dung; filth. port; assuage. (Sub, levo.)
Steril-is, is, e, ui0î(ful, ban-en; waste; Subllci-US, a, um, resting on piles:
unprofitable. Pons Sublicins, a wooden bridge over
Stipendi-um, l, n., a tax, tribute, pap. the Tiber, resting on piles. (Sublica, a
(For stipipendium, fi-om [stips] stipis, pile.)
a gift; and pendo, to pay.) Subllm-is, Is, e, uplifted, lofty, high,
Sto, stSti, stfttum, st-ftre, to stand. elevated.
Str&ment*um, i, n., straw, utter; a Sublustr-is, is, e, slightly luminous,
covering. (Sterne, stra-vi.) glimmering ; darkish. (Sub, lux.)
Strenu-US, a, um, active, vigorous, ener- Succed-0, successi, successum, succgd-
getic; bold. 6re, to go under, or c^fler ; to follow,
Strig-O, avl, atum, are, to halt (in the succeed; to go up, march up, ascend;
furrow), rest; delay, take leisure. (Strix, succeed, \.Q., prosper. (Sub, cedo.)
a furrow.) Success-US, us, m., success, good-speed
Studiose, adv., zealously, eagerly ; care- (Succedo.)
fuUy. (Studlosus.) Succumb-0, succubui,
succubUuni,
StudidS-US, a, um, tedious; careful; in- 8uccumb-6re, to put
under: one's self
dustrious, diligent. (Studium.) fall down ; yield to. (Sub, cumbo.)
Studi-um, i, n., teal, eagerness; study. Succurr-0, i, succursum, succurr-6re,
(Studea) to run under; runup to; help, succour;
Stultiti-a, &e,f.,foUy, silliness. (Stult- to occur to. (Sub curro.)
us.) Svii, of himself, Ac. (See p. Al.)
Stult-U8, a, um, foolish, silly. Sum, fui, esse, to be, to happen. (See p.
Stilpens, gen, stupent-is, pres. part, of 78.)
8tup-eo, ui, ere, to b« stunned, sense- Summ-a, ae,
/, (res being understood,)
less, bewildered. the main ; summit ; chi^ power
thing
Stupor, stupor-is, m., numbness, insensi- the whole amount, total sum. (Fern, of
bility; stupidity; astonishment. (Stup- Bummua)
eo.) Summ-US, a, um, (superl of supenis,
Saadeo, suasl, snasum, suad-Sre, to ad- p. 37,) the highest, greatest, utmost,
vise, exhort, urge. supreme.
Siib, prep, with abl, unuer, beneath; Sum-0, psi, or si, ptum, or turn, gre, to
close to : (of time,) t», during, at : '-ith take, lay hold of, receive ; choose, select
'
accus., (indicating motion,) to, be- Super, prep, with abl., above, over; on,
neath, under ;, war to ; close to. about, concerning : with accus., (indicat-
Subd51-US, a, um, somewhat crqfty, de- ing motion,) on to, upon, over, above;
eeii/Ul, Ac. (Sub, dolus.) as adv., above, over and above, more-
SubdtlCO, subduxi, subductam, subdnc- over.
6re, to draw or lead up; draw off. Superbfi, adv., proudly, haughtily. (Su-
carry away, remove. (Sub, duco.) perbus.)
BabigO, subegi, aubactum, sublf^-Sre, Superbi-a, ae, /, uppithntss, pride;
«
hauffhtinat , tjânnieal dealing. (Su- Snpra, prep, with acfus., above.
perbus.) SUs. Bu-is, m. or/, a pig, boar, tow.
Saperb-as, a, um, uppUh, proud; Suscept-US, a, um, undertaken, begun,
haughty; tyrannical (Super.) ( perf. part, of susciplo.)
Superinoldens, superlnchl' nt-ls, part., Suscipio, suscCpl, susccptum, lusclp-
fnUirg on from above. gre, to take up, undertake, begin. (Sub,
Sup8r-ior, ior, iiis, gen, superior-is, ciipio.)
(compar. of snperus,) higher, greater, Suspend-O, suspensum, suspend Jre,
1,
Buperior to ; former, ike. to hang up, suspend; put to deat/t.
Supersum, supereMe, to be
8ui)erfui, (Sub, penda)
over; to he l^t, remain, survive; to Suspens-US, a, um, perf. part, qf sus-
abound. (Super, sum.) pendo suspenso pedo, on tiptoe,
:
8iip8r-as, a, um, being above, high, up- Sustln-eo, ui, oustentum, siistln-Sre, to
lifted; in pL, superl, the gods above. hold up, sustain, support; endure.
For compar., lee p. 37. (Super.) (Sub, teneo.)
Supplex, gen. suppllc-ls, a^., begging SvistVLli, perf. ind. act, o/tollo, or suffero;
humbly; suppliant, submissive, humble: which see.
as subst., a suppliant. (Sub, pllco.) Su-U8, a, um, possessive pron., his ou»i,
Supplloi-nm, l, n., apubUe prayer; wor- her own, its own, t/ieir own.
ship; satisfaction; punishment. (Suppllco.)
T&bem-a, ao, /., a hut, booth ; shop, inn, Tarpei-a, ae,/., Tarpeia,
tavern. Tarquini-i, orum, m. pi, TarquinU,
T&b-es, Is, /., a tecuting away, consump- Etrurian town.
tion ; plague, Crabeo, to waste.) Tarquini-us, i, m., Tarquinius.
T&bul-a, ae, /, o plank, board, tablet : Tartare-U8, a, um, belonging to Tctr-
(plcta) tabula, a painting: xli Tabulae, tarus ; hellish, infernal (Tartarus.)
the I'welve Tables of Laws, T&ti-US, i, m., Tatius. (Titus.)
T&clt§, adv,, silently, quietly; secretly, Taur-U8, i, m., a bull
(Tacitus.) Tect-um, a covering,
i, «., roof; house.
T&Clt-ns, a, um, (perf. part, of taceo, (Tego.)
to be silent,) silent, still, noiseless, peace- Tego, texl, tectum, tgg-gre, to cover,
ful (Taceo.) hide ; protect, defend.
Tact-ns, us, m., touch. (TanKO.) Tellu8, teliar-ls, /, the earth,
Tact-UB, a, nm, perf. part, of tango. Tel-um, 1, n., a missile, weapon ; a dart.
Taedet, impers. verb, it disgusts; it Temo, temOn-is, m., a pole (of a waggon.)
wearies. (Seep. 97, 4.) Temper-O, fivl, atum, are, to nwdemU
Tal-is, Is, e, »ttcA as, of such kind: talis govern; guide, direct. (Tempus.)
— qualis, such— as. Tempestas, tempestat-is, /, time, ceci-
Tal-US, 1, m., an ankle, ankle-bone: a son; weather; storm. (Tempus.)
die ; pi, dice. Templ-um, n., a temple. i,
Tain, adv., so, so much. Tempus, tempCr-is, n., time, season,

T&men, adv. and conj., yet, however, Tendo, tSiendi, ten-sum, (and -turn,)
nevertheless. tend-6re, to stretch, reach,
Tan&quil, Tanaqull-ls,/, Tanaquil Ten-eo, ui, turn, ere, to hold, keep, re-
Tandem, adv., at length. tain; recollect.
Tango, tStlgi, tactual, tang-Sre, to Tener, a, um, tender, soft, delicali;
touch; influence, affect. young
Tanquam, adv., as much as, as if, as it Tens-U8, a, um, stretched; (perf, part, of
were. tendo.)
Tan turn, adv.. only. T$nt-^ iLyV st-titn, iv* to toti£h, feel'
Tant-118, a, um, so great, so large, such. try, attempt, (Tendo.)
Tard-ttf, a, um, shw, tardy ; iasy. TSnU-iSi is, e, (stretched out;) thin,f.ri«,
236 LATIN VOCADULAKY.
il*ndf.' ; gentle t imatt ; natrou). (Tan-, Tr&ho, traxi, tractum, trSh-Sre, to drag,
roolo/ tendo.) draw ; to spend, pass.
TSnuitas, ttnuttat-is, /., tMnnm, lien- TrajiciO, trajecl, trajcctum, tr^lc-fire,
detnesi, ilimness; itisignânce. (Ttii- to throw across, transport; to cross;
uis.) (opxerce. (Trans, Jaclo.)
Terg-um, l, n., a back ; u riJgt; a tergo, Tranquilliter, adv., peacefutty. (Tran-
in or on the rear. quilluR.)
Tern-i, «e, a, t/tree each; {dietrib. num.) Trans, prep, with acctu., on the farther
Terr-a, ae,/., the earth. side, beyond, across.
Terr-€0, ul, Itum, ere, to terrify, af- TransdilCO, tiunsduxl, transductum,
fright. transdQc-Cre, to lead (tcross, Ac, (See
Territ-US, a, nm, affrighted; (perf part. Traduco.)
o/terreo.) Trans-eo, Ivl, (or 11,) itum, ire, to go
Terror, terrOr-ls, »»,, fright, terror. across; pass over, by, or through.
(TciTCO.) (Trans, eo.)
Terti-UB, a, nm, {ord. num.,) third. Transf IgO, transflxl, trnnsflctum, tran».
(Ties.) flg-ere, to pierce through, stab. (Trans,
Test-dr, &tus sum, art, to bear witness ; to Ago.)
call to uitnets; implore. (Testis, a wit- Transfiig-io, l, Itnm, 8re, to flee over to
ness.) the other side; to desert. (Trans, fugio.)
TStigi^ perf. ind, act qf tango. Transil-io, Ivl, (or ui,) ire, to bound
Tiber-XS, is, m., the (river) Tiber. over, leap over; pass over hastily.
Tlgill-am, i, n., a small beam, or log. (Trans, salio.)
(Tlgnum.) Transn-0, Svi, atum, are, (or trSno,) to
Tlm-e^, ul, 5re, to fear. mmor.) : swim over, or across. (Trans, no.)
TImld-UB, a, uni./earyti/, zimid. (Tlm- Trecentesim-UB, a, um, ord. num.,
co.) the three hundredth. (TrecentL)
Timor,, tlmOr-ls, m.,fear. TrScent-i, ae, a, card, num., three hun-
Tinct-U8, a, um, dipped (into); dyed, dred. (Tres, centum.)
stained, (T?ngo.) TrSdScim, card num., thirteen. (Tres,
Tingo, (or tlnguo,) tinxl, tlnctum, ting- decern.)
6re, to dip ; dye, stain. Trepid-0, avl, aturr., are, to be in confu-
Tintinnabul-om, i, n., a bell. (Tin- sion, or in fear; to bustle about; to
tinno, to jingle.) tremble ; to run about in fear. (Tre-
Titus, I, m., Titus. (Tatlus.) pidus.)
T51er-0, fivl, atum, iU-e, to endure, bear, Tres, tres, trla, (see p. 39,) card, num.,
suffer. three.
ToUo, BusttUI, sabiatum, toll-6rc, to lift Tribunal, trlbunai-is, «., a judgment-
up, raise; takeaway; kill. seat;plaôrm. (Triburus.)
Tonitr-US, us, m., (or tonitru-um, 1, n.,) Tribun'-US, 1, m., chief of a tribe; a tri-
thunder. (Tono.) bune. (Tribus.)
T6n-0, ul. Hum, are, to thunder; roar. Tribii-0, 1, (fl)tum, 6re, to give, appor-
Tensor, ton80r-i8,,fa, a barber. Cfon- tion, assign, (Tribus.)
deo.) I'ribiit-um, i, n., tribuU; a tax; con.
Torqueo, torsi, tdirtura, torqu-5re, to tribution. (Trlbuo.)
twist, turn about, whirl round; fling, Triggmin-US, a, um, of triple birth;
hurl; thrust. three bom at a birth. (Tres, gemlnus.)
Torv-US, a, um, stem, fierce, wHd-look- Trigint-a, card, num., thirty.
ing, savage. (Torqueo.) Trist-is, is, e, sorrowful, sad, melan'
T6t-US, a, um, the whole, all choly.
Trad-0, Idi, itum, gre, to give or hanu Triumph-C, av], atum, are, to triumph,
(wer, deliver; hand down, tell, report, rejoice. (Triumplius.)
(Trans, do.) Troj-a, ae,/., Troy.
Trftdvlco, tradnxl, traductum, trftdflc- Trilcid-o, avi, atum, are, to aii m a
$re, to lead across, trur^fer, transport, ct?'VfyS t^ttjr, to TnSsSiiert, iruicfter, slay,
(Transduco.) (I'rux, harsh; am/ caedo.)
lATIN VOCABULARY. 237
Tn, id pen. pron., Ihou.
tnl,
Turbttlent-ua, a, nm, dUordrred, agi'
Ttlb-a, ae, /., a trumpet. tated, confused; muddy. (Turba.)
Tu-eor, ltu» sum, (tutua,) BrI, (o watch, Targld-na, a, um, swollen; boislerom,
observe ; guard, protect. (of the sea) ; distended, puffed up. (Tur-
T&ffjiri-lim, 1, n., a hut, cottage. Keo, to swell.)
TuUi-a, ae,/, Tullia. Turp-is, Is, t, filthy; base, low, mean, di*.
TuUi-US, i, m., Tulliut. graceful; wjly.
Tull-US, 1, m., Tullus.
Turpiter, adv., basely, ihamûlly. (Tiir.
Turn, adv., then, at that time. pis.)
Ttlm-eo, ul, Cre, to twell, to be puffed Turpitado, turpttndtn.ls,/,^///!; base.
ness, disgrace. (Turpis.)
Tilmaltn-or, fttus rom, Srl, to raue Tu8Culan-U8, a, nm, of or belongimj ic
a tumult i be tn confueion. (Tumult- Tuscjilum, (a ioum in l.atittm.)
us.)
Tiltel-a, ac, /., sc^fe^keeping, protection,
Tlimalt-as, us, (or l,) m., a tudden up- guardianship. (Tutor.)
rising, an inturrection, uproar, tumult,
Tutor, tQt0r-i8,m., a protector, guardian.
disturbance. (Tumeo.) Tflt-or, atus, arl, toprotirt. dffemi.
Tunc, adv., then, at ttuit very time. Ttlt-UB, a, um, safe, guarded, secure.
n (Turn, -ce.) (Tueor.)
Turb-a, ae, /, disorder ; a crowd, rabble ; Tu-U8, a, um, possessive pron., tfty oe
commotion. thine. (Tu.)
Turb-0, fivi, fitutn, are, to throw into coti- Tyranu-UB, l, m., a ruler; sovereign;
/usion; to disturb. (I'uiba.) tyrant.
u.
ITber, HbCr-Is, n., v teat, udder; also Urb-8, urb-is,/, a city, town.
;^
as ac(j., fertile, rich.
Tlrge-O, (or nrffueo,) nral, nrg-«re, to
TTbi, ado., where, when. press hard, force, drive, urge.
XJbique, adv., wherever, everywhere. TJsquam, adv., anywhere.
UMque, (te., ubl que,) and when. Usurp-O, avi, stum, are, to use (without
Ull-US, a, um, any, any person. (Said a proper right to); apply; practUe
to be for unulm, from unus.) usurp. (Usu, riipio.)
TJltimum, adv., for the last time. T7t, (or uti,) cor\;., that, in order that, so
Ultim-US, a, um, {superl. of obsolete niter,) as, so that ; how ; when.
the farthest away; earliest; latest; first.
TTtcanque, adv., ftowsoever.
Ultro, adv., on the farther side, beyond: Uter, utr-a, utr-um, (seep 35, 8), which
hence, beyond one's expectation ; of one's of two, whether.
own accord; vehemently. "^
Uterque, utraque, utrumque, each of

Umbr-a, ae, /, a shade, shadow. two, both.
Und-a, ae, /, water, a wave. TTti, coiy., that, Jbc. (See Ut.)
Unde, adv., from which place or circum- TJtll-is, is, e, useful, advantageous, pro-
stance, whence. fitable. (Utor.)
Ungu-is, is, TO,, a nail, claw; a hoof. Utilitas, utilitat-Is, /., usefulness, advnn'
TJnic-U8, a, um, sole, only; unparalleled, tage. (Utiiia)
unique. (Unus.) Utor, nsus sum, uti, (dep. 3,) to use, em-
TTnquam, adv., at any time; ever. ploy, exercise.
Un-US, a, um, one. {Seep.Zh.) TTtrinque, adv., on both sides.
Unusquisque, unaquaeqne, unum- Uv-a, ae, /., a grape.
quodque, each (by himse^T), every. Uxor, uxor-is, a m^*.
/.,
(Unns, qolaque.)
238 LATIN VOCABULAHY.
V.
VaCO-a, ae, /., a r<m. V8recund-US, a, nra, modtM, baihfid
V&oa-US, a, um, empty, /i'e«J^y>m, having shy. (Vereor.)
nothing. (Vaco.) VSreor, verltus sura, vBr-Crl, (dep. 8,) to
V&d>um, 1, *>., a thalloui place (inuater), feel awe, to fear,
a ford. Veritas, vSiltat-ls, /, trutf\fulness, truth,
Vaglt-as, us, m., frying, tifuallinff (of sincerity. (Venin.)
children.) (V&K\a, to x/itall.) Vero, adv., in truth, in reality; but, how-
V&gf-or, atiu sum, arl, (d^p. 1.) to roam ever.
about at ramble, wandtr,
will, Vers-O, avl, itum. Are, to turn, twist,
V&l-eo, ul, Itum, 6re, to be in good health; turn over ; plough, till. (Verto.)
to bi itrong. Vers-US, UB, m., a furrow, line, row; a
ValldiiiB, adv., more/brcibjy, more vehe- verse, line of poetry. (Verto.)
mently, more importunately. (Vulld- Vertex, turn, whirl; top
vertlc-is, m,, a
ua.) cf the head; turning point; summit.
V&lld-as, a, um, in good liealth ; strong, Vert-0, 1, versuin, vert-fire, to turn, turn
powerful, sturdy. (Valeo.) round, twist; change,
Vin-U8, a, um, empty; vain; vuUss. Verum, adv., truly; but, however.
Vari-U8, a, um, spotted; variegated; of Ver-US, a, um, true, reed, sincere,
many kinds, various ; changing. Vesp-a, ae, /., a wasp,
Vari-V8, l, m., Varius, (propername.) Vest-a, fc? /, \the goddess) Vesta,
Vast-O, ftvi, atum, Are, to lay waste, de- Vestal-is, In/., a vestal virgin, priestess
vastate. (Vastus.) qf Vestci,
Vast-US, a, um, empty, desert, waste; Ves-ter, tra, tmm, possess, pron., your.
immense, vasL Vestlbul-um, l, n., a front court, court,
V&t-es, «=, »;». or/., a prophet, soothsayer; vestibule,
a poet. Vest-io, ivl, (11,) Itum, Ire, to clothe,
Veient-es, lum, m. pi, the Veientes, cover. (Vestls.)
people of Veii. V8st-is, Is,/., a garment, robe.
Vel, con}-, or, even, only : vel— vel, V^tUS, gen. vctCrla, a<^., old, ancient.
either— or. (Volo.) Vi-a, ae, /., a way, road, street Jour-
;
Vel&t-US, a, um, covered over, veiled; ney.

(perf. part, o/velo.) Viator, viator- is, m., a traveller, way.
Veloz, gen. veiOc-la, a^/., swift, rapid, farer. (Via.)
nimble. VlCin-ns, a, um, nâr, neighbouring: as
V8lut, (velutl,) even as, as if, as it loert, subst., a neighbour. (Vicus.)
(Vel, ut) Vicis, ên.— vlcem, accus.— vice, abl:pl
Ven&tor, venatOj>is, m., a hunter. (V3- vices, dkc, change, fate, vicissitude.
nor.) Victor, vlct(5r-is, m., a conqueror: as
Vend-0, tdl, Itum, 6re, to sell; {contr.for adj., victorious. (Vlnco.)
venum do.) Vict6ri-a, ae, /, victory, success. (Vic-
V8ni-a, ae,/., leave; favour; indulgence; tor.)
pardon. Vict-US, a, um, perf. part- of vlnca
VSnio, v6nl, ventum. ven-Ire, to come, Vic-US, 1, m., a street, a village.
V§n-or, atus sum, ati, to hunt. Videlicet, adv., it is evident, plainly;
Venter, ventr-ls, m., the belly. na7neli, (Vide, imperat. of video, and
Vent-US, i, m., the wind. licet)
Venus, VSn5r-is, /., Fenus, goddess of Video, vId-1, vfs-um, vld-gre, to see, per-
love. ceive, look at ; consider, think.
Ver, v6r-is, n., spring. Videor, visus sum, vid-eri, to he seen;
VerbSr-O, avi, atum, are, to lash, whip. seem; appear. (Video.)
(Verbera, n. pi., whips.) VI?i]-0; avi, Afiini: Ai-R, t(fn
'' watek
in
Verb-Um, l, n., a word. Se vigilant, (Vigil, watc}\ful.)
Vn-li, It, e, valwleu, vorthUu ,•
ehtap VIv-0, vlil, Tictum, vlT-Jre. to liu;
;
evim
mtan, bate.
l\fe.
Vlll-a, ae, /., a eounlty home; farm; VIv-US, a, nm, alive; fresh.
villa.
(Vim)
Vix, adv.. with difflculty.
Villlc-ai, um, belonging to a country
a,
Vobisoum, (<.<•., cum vobis,) with yon.
house: as lubsl., a land-steward, over- (See note J, p. 45.)
seer, grieve. (Villa.)
V6cIf8r-or, fttus sum, an, (dep. y.) to
Vlmlnil-is, !«, e, Viminal, {one of the shout, cry aloud. (Vox, fcro.)
hills of Rome) ; as com. a<(/., belonging
V8c-0, avi, fttum, arc, to use the voice,
to osiers. (Vlmen.) call, shout; invite; name, (Vox.)
Vinoo, vicl, vlctum, vlnc-6Te, to conquer, V81It-0, atum, are,
.Ivl, to fly to and fro,
subdue.
flutter. (Volo, tofiy.)
Vinoiil-am, l, n., a band, rope, cord; V51-0, avi, atom, an-, tofly; make haste.
fetters; pruon. (VInclo.) V61-0, ui, velle, (see p. 00,) to wish; be
VindIO-0, ftvl, atum, arc, to lay claim to, willing.
to appropriate, secure; avenge; revenge. V61Goer, and volucr-ls, It, c, winged,
(VIndex.)
flying; swift. (Volo, to fy.)
Vindiot-a, ae, /, vengeance; revenge, V61U0r-ii, is, /, a winged creature ; a
(VIndlco.) biri. (Volo.)
V\ne-a,,M,f.,av^^êyard; a vine. Vfilimtas, voluntftt-l8, /., willingnettf
Vln-um, I, n., wine.
wisfi, desire; accord. (Volo.)
Viol-0, fivl, atum, &re, to do violence to,
V81uptas, voluptat-l8,/.,p/«Mwre, eryoy.
iryu7-e; dishonour, violate: vlolttie fld- ment. (Volo, to wish.)
em, to break one's uord,
V61flt-0, avi, atum, are, to roll about,
VIpir-a, ae, /., a viper.
wallow. (Volvo.)
Vir, vir-i, jn., a man; husband.
Vomer, vOmgr-ls, m., a ploughshare.
Vires, vlrlum, /., pi. of vis, strength, V6t-um, n., a vow; wish; promise.
I,
power; forces. (See p. 34.)
(Voveo.)
Virg-a, ae, a rod, twig.
V8ve-0, vOvl, vCtum, vCv-gre, to dcdi.
Virgini-a, ac, /., Virginia, daughter vow; promise; wish.
cate;
of f'irginius. Vox, vOc-is, /., a voice, cry, sound; tut'
Virgini-U8, i, m., Virginius. pression.
Virgo, virgln-Is,/, a virgin, maiden.
Vulcan-US, I, m., Vulcan, god offire.
Vlrid-is, Is, e, green, fresh. (Vireo.) VulgO,adt?., commonly, usually publicly,
;
Virtus, virtat-is, /, manliness ; worth, (Vulgus.)
merit; virtue; valour, courage. (Vir.) Vulnerat-US, a, um, wounded; (petf.
Vis, accus. vim, abl. vl, /, (See p. 34,) part, of vuinero.)
strength, force, power, might.
Vulner-0, avi, atum, are, to uound.
Vls-0, i, um, 6re, to look at, view, survey; (Vulnus.)
go to visit. (Video.) Vulnus, vuln6r-l8, n., a wound.
VlBU, 2d supine o/ video.
Vulpectll-a, ae,/., a fox; a youn^
little
VlS-UB, a, wm, perf. part, o/ video. fox. (Vulpea)
Vlt-a,ae, /,/(/& Vulp-es, Is,/, a/ox.
Vlti-um, i, n., a fault; defect; crime; vice. Vulpin-us, a, um, belonging to a fox
Vlt-0, avi, atum, are, to avoid, shun. (Vulpes.)
Vltfil-us, 1, m., a calf
Vultur, vultiSr-is, m., a vulture.
VItupgr-0, avi, atum, are, to find fault Vult-U8, us, m., t/teface, countenance.
witfi, censure, blame. (Vitium. paro.)
z.
Zmaragd-us, 1. m. or/, an emerald. 26n-a, »e,f.,abeU,
| ginBe.
.i
ENGLISH YOCABULiRY
A., article, usuaVp untramJated ; $ome- Ambassador, legShis, i, m.

time) expressed by quidam. Among, inter, prep, with accus.
Abandon, v. relinquo, reliqui, rellctum, And, et, ac, atque, -que.
relinqugre. Anger, ir-a, ae,/.
Able, {to be,) v., possum, potul, posso. Animal, animal, animal-is, n.
About, (round about,) oircum, with accus. Another, (of two,) alter, altera, alt*-
About, (concerning,) de, tcith abl. um ; (of many,) alius, alia, aliud.
About, (nearly,) circlter. Anxious, (to be anxious,) vdlo, vSlol,
Above, super, prep, with accus. or abl. velk.
Across, trans, prep, with accus. Apple, mal-um, i, n.
Active, of energy,) acer, acrls,

(full Apple tree, mai-us, i,/.
acre; implger; sSdulus. Are, (we.) Bumus; (you,) estls; (lliey,)
Admire, »., admir-or, atus, Rri express : sunt.

admircUion, laudo. Aristides, Arlstld-es, is, m.
Adorn, t)., om-o, are; exorno. AriOVistUS, Ariovist-us, i, fTi.
JEneas, JEue-as, ae, m. Army, exerclt-us, us, m.

Afarj (from afar,) longe prScul. ; Around, circum, prep, with accus.
Afraid, (don't be afraid,) nOll timere. Arrival, advent-us, us, m.
Aft^f post, prep, with accvs.
,
Arrow, sagitt-a, ae, /.
Against, in, with acr'U.; contra, with Ask, rog-0, avi, atum, are.
aecus. 'Against' is sometimes merely Ass, m.; diminutive, aselluB.
asin-us, i,
the ' sign ' of dative case. Assemble, conv6n-io, 1, tum, ire.
Agreeable, grat-us, a, um ; jucund-us, Associate, c5mSa, comltis, m. or /.
a, um. socius, m.
Aim at, (*ee*,) pSto, petSro Athens, AthCn-ae, amm, /. pi.
All, (every,) omn-ls, is, e: the whole, At, in, prep, with abl. ; ad, prep, with
tOt-us, a, um: all together, cuncc-us, accus.apud, prep, with accus.
;
a, um. Attack, oppugn-o, avl, atum, are; ador*

Along with, cum, prep, with abl ior, adortus sum, adoiiri; facere im«
Alps, Alp-es, ium, m. petum in.
Also, etlam, adv.: not only— but also, Auburn, fl:.v-us, a, um.
non solum sed etiam. — Avoid, vlt-o, fivi, atum, are.
Am, sum, ftii, esse. Aze, sScdr-is, is,/.
B.
Baggage, Imp5dlmeut-a, orum, pi. n. Battle, pugn "«,/.,• praell-um, 1, n.

Bar
ill, pTl-a, ae,/. Be (to), sum, fu., esse.
Bank, rip-a, ae, /. Beak, rostr-um, i, n.
Bam, borre-um, 1. Bear, f6ro, tiUi, latum, ferrc.

ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 243
Feather, pioin-a, ao,/ Follow, sCquor, secQtus sum, seûl,
Feel, sent-io, Bcns-i, sans-um, aent-Ire. (dep. 3.)
Fellow-citizen, civ-is, is, m. or/. Following, (next,) postCr-us, a, um.
Field, ftger, agrl, m.; arv-um, i, n.; ru^ Foolj stult-us, 1, m.
rdr-is, n. Foolish, etult-us, a, um.
Fierce, Scer, or ncr-ls, is, e ; fgr-us, a, Foot, p5s, pCd-is, m.
um; fSrox, gen. feiOc-is. For, (i.e., during), per, with accus.; or
Tight, pugn-o, avl, atum, Bre. accus. only.
Ful, impl-eo, 6v1, etum, 6ro compleo. j For, {sign of dot.) No separate word.
Finish, fin-lo, ivl, Itum, ira Force, vis, vim, vl, /. ; pi, vires. {Set
Fire, {set on fire,) Incend-o, 1, incensum, p. 34.)
incend-gre. Force, {to force a passage,) iter facere
First, prIm-uB, a, um. per vim.
Fish, piRC-is, is, m. Forces, cOpl-ae, arum,/, pt
Flaak, l&tus, latCr-is, n. Forest, sllv-a, ae,/.
Fleet, clas8-is, is, / Form, s1mulachr-um, I,n.; efflgi-ea, el,
Flesh, caro, cam-is, / /. ; flgur-a, ae, /
Flight, rag-a,ae,/. Fortify, mnn-io, ivi, Itum, Ire.
Float, nat-o, avi, atum, are. Fortunate, feiix, gen. fellc-is, adj.
Flock, giex, gr5g-is, m. Fox, vulp-es, is,/.
Flower, flos, flOr-ls,m. Free, {verb,) llber-o, avi, atum, aro.
Fly, (subst.,) musc-a, ae, /. Friend, amic-us, I, m.
Fly, (verb,) v51-o, avl, atum, 5re. Frog, ran-a, ae,/
Fodder, pabtil-um, i, n. From, {away from,) ab, or a, with abl.;
Fold {of a robe, dec), sIn-us, us, m. {out of,) ex, with abl.; (from all part*,)
Fold {/or sheep), ovil-e, is, n. nndique, adv.
0.
Gander, anser, aiiaSr-is, m. God, De-US, 1, OT.
Garden, hort-us, i, m. Goddess, de-a, ae,/
Gate, port-a, ae,/.; Janu-a, ac,/. Good, bdn-us, a, um.
Gauls, Gall-l, Drum, m. Goose, anser, ansSr-Is, m. or/
General, (l.e., military commander,) dux, Govern, imp5r-o, avi, atum, are; (governs
due-is, m. ; imperator, imperatOr-is, wi. dat.)
Germans, GermSn-l, orum w. pi. Grass, gramcn, grnmln-is, n.
Giant, gigas, gigant-is, m. Grateful, grat-us, a, um : to feel grate-

Gift, dCn-um, 1, n. ful, habere gratias.
Girl, puell-a, ae, /. Grave, sCpulclir-um, i, n.
Give, do, d5di, datum, dSre. Great, magn-us, a, um.
Glory, glOri-a, ae, / Grove, nSmus, ncmOr-ls, n. ; luc-ua, I,
Go, eo, ivl, Ttum, ire. m.

Go-a-hunting, v5n-or, atus sum, ail, Guide, dux, diic-is, m. or f.
{<iep. 1.)
H.
Hair, c6m-a, ae, / ; capill-us, i, m. ; Hasten, festin-o, Svl, atum, are.
head of hair, caesari-es, ei,/ Hateful, OdiOs-us, a, um.
Happy, felix, gen. felicis; beat-us, a, Hatred, 5di-um, n. i,
um. Have, liab-eo, u!, Ttum, Bie.

Harbour, port-ns, us, m. Head, caput, capU-is, n.
Hare, ifipus, lep6r-ls, m. Hear, aud-lo. Ivl, itum, Ire.
Harvest, mess-iSiis, / Heat, LSior, calSr-ls. tru
; :
244 ENGLISH YOCABULARY.

Heavy, grfiv-ls, in. e. Horn, corn-u, ns, n.
Help, uuxili-um, i, a Horse, 6qu-us, i, vu
Helpless, Iners, gen. inerl-ii), a(ij. Horseman, equSs, eqult-is, m.
Helvetii, HeU-gti-l, ormn, »». pi. Hostage, obsSs, obsld-la, m. or/
Her (own), SU-U8, a, nm. Hostile, inimic-us, a, um ; hostil-ls, is, e.
High, alt-US, a, um. House, dOm-us, us,/.
Hill, coll-is, is, m. Huge, ingens, gen. ingent-is, adj.
His (oum), su-us, a, um. Hunt, v5n-or, atus sum, ari, (dtp.)
Hold, tSn-eo, ul, turn, gre. Huntsman, vSnator, venatOr-is, m.
Holy, sanct-us, a, um; sJicer, sacra, Hurl, torqueo, torsi, tortum, torqu-Bre
sacrum. jacio.
Home, dfim-us, us, /., (set p. 26 ;) at Hurt, n5c-eo, ul, ttum, ere; (govems
home, domi. dat.)
Honour, liSnor, or honos, honOr-is, m. Husbandman, agrlc5l-a, ae, m.
Hope, spes, spgi, /. Hut, cas-a, ae, /.
I.
I, ego, mel, (Seep. 41.) Infant, Infans, infant-is, m. or/.

Ice, glicl-es, ei, /. ; g61-u, ns, n. Inhabitant, IncSl-a, ae, r-. or/.
Idle, ignav-UB, a, um; iuers, gen. inert- Injure, nOc-eo, ui, Itum. ere.
is. Injury, injuri-a, ae,/.
If, si, conj. Into, in, prep. tPith accus.
Illustrious, clar-us, a, nm. Invoke, inv6c-o, avi, atum, are>
Immense, ingens, gen, ingcnt-is. adj. Is, est, (Sdsing. o/sum.)
Impartial, aequ-us, a, um. Island, insiil-a, ae, /.
In, In, prep, with abl Italy, It&li-a, ae, /.
J.
Jackdaw, gracRl-ua, I, m. Jupiter, Japiter, JSv-ls, m.

Javelin, hast-a, ae, / Just, aequ-us, a, um just-ns, ; a, um.
Judge, judex, judlcls, m. Justice, Justlti-a, ae, /.
Juno, JQno, Junon-ls,/.
K
Keep, serv-o, avi, atum, are,; (one's pro- King, rex, rgg-is, m.
mise,) servare f Tdem. Kiss, oscul-um, i, n.
Kill, nSc-o, avi, atum, are ; interflcio Knock (at), puls-o, avi, Rtum, lire.
occido. KnoWi nosco, nOvi, nOtum, nosc-Cre
Kind, bland-US, a, un ; kind-Uarted, scio.
benign-u8, a, um.
Labour, ISbor, InbOr-is, m. Large, magn-us, a, um.

Labour, labor-o, avi, atum, ara Late-at-night, sera nocte, abi,.
Lamb, agn-us, i, m. agn-a, ae, /.

; Lately, nuper, adv.
Lament, fl-eo, evi, etum, ere; maer-co. Law, lex, ISg-ls,/.
Land, terr-a, ae, /. ,• native land, patri-a., Lay (i.e., prepare) snares, pSrare in-
ae,/. sidias.
T.a n cni a nr a 1(
Lead, uuc-o. dax-i, duet-um. due-5re
;
ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 245

Leaf, fOll-nm, i, n. Lieutenant (.-Oenercu,, iejjat-ua, i, ./*.
Leap upon, insll-io, ui, or Ivi, insult- Life, vit-a, ae, /.

nm, ln8il>Ir& Lion, leo, leSn-is, m.
Leam, disco, didici, disc-Cre. Livelong, tCt-us, a, um.
Leave, relinquo, rellqui, relictum, re- Log, tiglU-uin, i, n.
llnqu-6re. Long, long-US, a, uin.
Legion, legio, legion-is,/. Long-time, diu, adv.
Let, sign of imperat. or sub. used as im- Loose,lax-US, a, um.
perat Loud voice, (tnth a,) magna v5ce, (abl.)
Letter, epistOl-a, ae,/;liter-ae, arum,/. Love, amor, ainor-is, ;/t.
Level, aequ-us, a, um plan-us, a, uin. ;
Love, am-0, avi, atum, are.
ns Liar, mendax, mendac-is, m. or/. Luxury, luxuii-a, ae, /.; luxuri-es, el,/
Lie, j&c-eo, ui, Itum, ere.
M.
Macedonian, MacSdo, MacedSn-is, m. Messenger, nunti-us, i, m.
Magnificent, splendld-us, a, um. Military, mUItar-is, is, e.
Maid-servant, ancill-a, ae, /. Milk, lac, lact-is, n.

Ms ce, fac-io, f6c-i, fact-um, fSc-Sre. Mind, anim-us, i, m.
Make (one's sel/mcuter of), potior, pot!tus Misfortune, cas-us, us, m. , ciad-ea,
sum, potiri, with abl. or gen. js,/
Make war, inferre (or facere) bellum. Mix, misc-eo, ui, mistum, or mixtum,
Man, vir, viri, m. ; mankind, li6mo, hom- misc-ere.
inis, m. or/. Month, mcns-is, is, m.
Many, pi., mult-i, ae, a ;
(mult-us, a, Moon, lun-a, ae,/
um, mttc/u) More, plus, adv.; magis, adv.: also sign
Marry, ducere uxSrem (said
of the of comparative.
man) ; nubgre, tDith dat, (said of the Most, maxima, adv.: also sign of super}.
uoman.) Mother, mater, matr-is, /.
Master, mSgister, magistr-1, m., (a mas- Mother-in-law, socr-us, us,/.
ter who teacha or guides) ; dSmln-us, i, Motion, mot-us, us, m.
m., (a master who owns.) Mound, aggerj agggr-is, m.
Master, (to make one's self master of) Mountain, mens, mont-is, m.
pStior, potltus sum, potiri, witli gen. or Mouse, mus, mur-is, m.
abl Mouth, OS, JSr-is, n.
Mate, (yoke-fellow,) mas, mSr-is, m. Move, m6v-eo, mOtum, mov-ere.
1,
Medicine, mgdicin-a, ae, /. Much-loved, car-us, a, um.

Message, nunti-us, l, m. ; commission, Mud, lim-us, m. i,
mandat-um, i, n. My, me-us, a, um.
N.
Name, nOmen, nomTn-is, n. Neptune, NeptOn-us, l, m.
Native-country, patri-a, ae, / Net, ret-e, is, n.
Nature, natflr-a, ae,/. Never-ending, aetem-us, a, um.
Naughty, mai-us, a, um ; nequam, New, n6v-us, a, um; rCcens, gen. rc-
(indecl.) cent-is.
Near, apud, (or ad,) prep, with accus. ; Night, nox, noct-is, /.
prope. Nobody, nemo, nemln-is, m.
Nearer, propius No one, nemo, nemln-ls, m.
Neck, coii-uin, i, n Not, non; not—onij/, but— alto, noiiBOl<
Necklace, mOnll-e, is, n.
um, sed etiam.
Neighbouring, proxim-us, um Not, with imperatives, ne.
Nttt) uux, nac-is,/.
246 ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
Oak, qnerc-us, us, /. Only, adv., sSlum, niOdo.

Obey, par-eo, ui, itum, ere ; ob5d-lo, ivi, Open, apSr-io, ui, turn, ire.
Itum, ire. Order, juss-us, us, m: by the order
Obtain, Impetr-o, 5vi, Stum, are; ob- jîssu.
t!n-eo, ui, ere. Order, Jubeo, Jussl, jussum, jub-ore.

Occupy, obtin-eo, ul. Sre; occQp-o, avl, Ornament, dgcus, decOr-is, n.
atum, are: (takepom'.ssionof,) potior. Ornament, orn-o, avi, atum, aro,"
Often, saepe, adv. dec3r-o, avL
Old, antiqu-us, a, um ; v6tus, gtn. retgr- Other, alter, altSr-a, um.

ia ;BSnex, gen. s&nia. Our, noster, nostra, nostrum.
Old man, sgnex, sgn-is, m. Over, (as, over the Alps, sea, dtc.,) per.
Oldest, natu maxim-us, a, um. prep, with accus.

On, in, prep, with abl. Overcome, vinco, vici, victum, vinc-6re
On an equality, par, gen. pSr-is. supero.

One, un-us, a, um: one of two, alter, Own. (See His, Her, Its, Jic.)
alt6r-a, um : one of many, ali-us, a, ud. Ox, bos, bOv-is, m.
Only, ac(/'., unlc-us, a, um ; sOl-us, a, um.
P.
Pain, dSlor, dol3r-i8, m. Plenty, cOpl-a, ae,/.
Palace, aul-a, ae,/.; rSgl-a, ae,/. Plough, aratr-um, i, n.
Pale, pallld-us, a, um. Plough, ar-o, avi, atum, are.
Parent, pSrens, parent-is, m. or /. Poet, poet-a, ae, m.
Part, pars, part-is,/. Point out, monstr-o. avi, atum, are.
Parthians, Parth-i, orum, m. pi. Poor, inops, gen. Indp-is; pauper, yen.
Passion, {desire,) cupiditas, cupldltatlg,/. paup6r-is.
Partner, sCci-us, i, m. Poplar tree, pSpul-us, i,/.
Peace, pax, pac-is, /. Powerful, valid-us, a, um pStens, ;
Peacock, pavo, pavOn-is, m. gen. potent-is: to be very powerful,
People, p6piil-us, i, m. plurimum posse.

Perish, per-eo, ii. Hum, Ire. Praise, laus, laud-is,/.
Persuade, persuadeo, pcrsuftsi, per- Praise, l«.ud-o, avi, atum, are.
suasum, persuad-ere. Prepare, par-o, avi, atum, are.
Pillar, column-a, ae, /. Priest, sacerdos, sacerdot-is, »/». or/.
Place, 16C-U3, i, nu; pi, loci, m., or Promise, promiss-um, i, ?». ; f Id-es, ei,/,
loca, n. Province, provinci-a, ae,/.
Plain, camp-US, i, m. Punishment, poen-a, ae, /.
Please, plSc-eo, ui, ttum, 6re. Pupil, dlocipul-us, 1, 7IU
Plentiful, (e.g., harvest,) cfipiSs-us, a, Pure, ptlr-us, a, um.

am; larg-us, a, um. Put to flight, fug-o, avi, atum, Ore.
Q
Qneen, rSgln-a, ae,/. Quickly, cSlSrlter; clta
£.
Bace, (kind,) genu^ genSr-is, n. Reason, ratio, ratiOn-is,/
Eampart, agger, agger-is, m. ; vall-um, Republic, respublica, reipublicae,/
1, n. Repulse, repello, repuli, repulsum, re-
Beaeh, attingo, attlgi, attactum, atting- pell-fire.

Rest- (6<u«,} 5ti-iim, i. n.
1
ENGLISH VOCABULARY 247
Best, (remainder,) rgllqu-us, a, um: Road, Tl-a, ae, /. : Iter, ItlnCr-la, n,, (fl
the remains, rellqui-ae, arum, /. pL journey.)
Retreat, p6dem.
(to retire,) referre Robber, latro, latrOn-is, *n.
Beturn, reverter, reversus sum, revertL Roman, lioman-us, a, lun.
Blime, KhSn-us, i, m. Kome, Rom-a, ae,/.
Rhodes, KhSd-us, i,/ Rough, asper, asp6r-a, um.
Rich, dives, gen. divlt-is, ac^. Round, ac^., r6tund-us, a, nm.
Ride, 6quIt-o, avi, atum, are. Round, prep., (= around,) chcuin,tw<A
Ripe, matur-us, a, um. accus.
River, amn-ls, is, m.; rtvus, 1, m. Rout, ffig-o, avl, atum, are.
^
flOmen, flumlii-Is, n. ; fluvi-us, 1, m. Run, cuiro, cucurri, cursum, currerc
s.
Sagacious, sagax, gen. sagac-is, a^ Sing, cant-0, &vi, stum, ore; ciiuok
Sail, navIg-0, avl, atum, are. c6clni, cautum, canfire.
Sailor, naut-a, ae, m. Sister, sSror, sorOr-is,/.
Same, idem, eadem. Idem. Size, magnitudo, magnitQdln-is, /.
Savage, saev-us, a, um; fSrox, gen. body, corpus, coi'pOr-ia, n.
ferOc-is. Skin, pell-is, is,/; cut-is, Is,/.
Say, dico, dixi; aio; inquam; f5ro. (Slave, serv-us, i, m.
Scipio,. Scipio, Scipion-is, m. Slave, (be slave to,) serv-io, 11, Itum,
Sea, niSr-e, is, n. ire.
See, video, vidi, visum, vid-Sre: see that, Slaughter, caed-es. Is,/.
fac or facite ut, mth subj. Slay, n6c-o, avi, &c. ; Interflclo, Inter-
Senate, senat-us, us, (or l,) m. fEci, &c.; occido, occidl, <fcc
Senate-house, curi-a, ac,/. Sleep, dorm-io, Ivl, itum, Ire.
Send, mitto, misi, missum, mitt-gre. Slender, gracil-ls, is, e ; tguu-ls, is, e.
Serious, (m the sense of 'great,' 'dan- Sling, fund-a, ae/.
a war,) grSv-is, is, e.
gerous,' as of Small, parv-us, a, um.
Servant, serv-us, 1, m. ; minister, min- Smooth, lev-Is, 13, e.
istri, m.
Snares, Insldl-ae, arum, /. pi.
Service, (to he of service,) prSsum, pro- Snow, nix, niv-ls,/.
fui, prodesse: to be of great service, Socrates, Socrat-es, is, m.
multum prodesse. Soil, sQl-um, 1, n.
Set on fire, iucend-o, i, incensum, iu- Soldier, miies, mint-is, m.
"nnd-5re. Some, (certain,) quidam, quaedam, quod-
Set out, prSflciscor, profectus sum, pro- dam.
flciscL Son, fBl-us, 1, m.
Shade, umbr-a, ae, /. Sorrowing, trlst-ls, is, e; flcns, gea.
Shadow, umbr-a, ae, /. flent-is.
Shallow-water, ySd-um, i, n. Sound, s5n-us, 1, m.
Share, pars, part-is, f. Sour, aci'ûs, a, unj.
Sharp, acut-u8, a, um. Source. .teri-es, ci,/
:
Sheep, 6v-i8, is, / Spacioii. ampl-us, a, um.

Sheep-fold, 6vn-e, is, n. Spade, llgu, llgon-ls, m.
Shepherd, pastor, paster- is, m. Spare, parco, pgpercl, (or parsl,) pars-
Shift, mSveo, movl, mStum, m5v-5re. urn, (or parcltum,) parcgre.
Ship, nav-is, is, / Speak, Idquor, locatus sum, loqui;
Shore, litus, lltSr-is, n. dice.
Short, brgv-is, is, & Speech, oratlo, oratlCn-ls, /. ,-
sermo,
Show, (point ou*,) monstro; show off, os- semi(5n-ls, m.
tend-o, i, osten-sum, or-tum, ostendere. Speedily, cglSrIter (soon,) st&tim.
:
Sicily, Sicni-a,ae,/. Splashy sfin-'.is, L, m.

Side, Ifttua, later-ls, n. Splendid, srlendld-us, a, um ; tnagnl*
Sight, cuuMpuci-us, us, m. fleas, a, um.
248 ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
Spring, v8r, Tei'-is, n. Sue for, p6t-o, !vl, Itum, fire; Br-o, Svi
Spur, calcar, âlcar-is, n. &c.
Stag, cerv-us, i, m. Summer, acstas, aestat-is,/.
Stall, st&bQl-um, I, n. Summit of, vertex, vertlc-is, m.:
State, civltas, civitat-is, /. ; respubllca,/. Bumm-us, (a, um,) with subal.; cu
Statue, sign-urn, i, n. ; atutu-a, ae,/. Summus nions, the top of iht mouit-
Step, grid-US, us, m. tain.
Stick, fust-is, is, 771. Sun, sOl, sOl-is, m.
Strength, vis, vim, vl, /,• pi, vLes, Sunset, occ3s-us (us, m.) sClis.
virium. (See p. 34.) Suppliant, supples, suppllc-is, m. or/
Strong, yaild-us, a, um; fort-is, is, e. Supply, praeb-eo, ul, 5ie niliiistr-o, ;
Strongly fortified, UCno (or egregle) avt, <fec. ; do, dSdi, &c.
munlt-us, a, um. Swan, cycn-us, 1, m.
Sturdy, vaiid-us, a, um. Sweet, dulc-is, is, 0.
Subject, i/ellotB-citizen,) cTv-ls, Is, m.or/. Swell, tiim-eo, ui, gre.

Successfully, feilclter, adv. ; bSue, Swim, no, nSvi ; n&t-o, avi, <fcc.
adv. Sword, ens-is, is, m. ; gl&di-us, i, m.
T.
Table, mens-a, ae,/. Throughout, per, prep, with accus.
Tail, caud-a, ae,/. Throw open, apgr-io, ui, turn, ire.
Take, cfipio, cepi, captum, cap-Sre : tale Thunderbolt, fulmen, fulmin-is, n.
care, (be cautious,) caveo: take care, Thy, tu-us, a, um.
(see to it,) cur-o, -avi, <fcc. : take a ualk, Timid, tlmld-us, a, um
ambul-o, -avi, &c To, (motion towards, against, itc.,) ad.
Tall, alt-us, a, um procgr-us,; a, um. with accus. ; also sign qf dat.
Teach, ddc-eo, ui, turn, ere. To-morrow, eras, adv.
Tear, lacrlm-a, ae,/. Tongue, lingu-a, ae,/
Temper, anim-us, l, m. Tooth, dens, dent-is, m.
Temple, templ-um, i, n. aed-es, ; is, /. Top, vertex, vertlc-is, m. ; summus, with
Tend, cur-o, avi, atum, are. subst. (See Summit.)
Tender, tgner, tengr-a, um. Towards, ad, prep, with accus. ,- in, wit/i
Tent, (i.e., general's tent,) praetOrl-um, accus.
Town, opptd-um, I, n.
Terrify, terr-eo, ui, Itum, 5i i Train, erud-io, ivi, Itum, ire.
Territory, fin-es, ium, m. Transgress, (an oath, promise, Ax.,)
Terror, tenor, terrOr-is, n*. ; in terror, viol-o, avi, atum, are.
pavid-us, a, um. Treati (a6o«<, negotiate,) figo, ggl, Ac;
Than, quam, adv. of peace, agere de pace.
as, to treat
That, iUe, Ula, illud. (See p. 42.) Tree, arbor, (or arbos,) arbSr-is,/
That (of yours,) Ist-e, a, ud. (See p. 43, Trumpet, tflb-a, ae, /.
7.) Truth, vgr-um, i, n. ; vgritas, veritut-
Their, bu-us, a, um. (Seep. 42.) is,/
Thief, fur, irar-is, m. or/. Turn up, (as, to plough, Jtc.,) vers-o, avi,
This, hie, haec, hoc; is, ea, id. (Seep. 42.) atum, are.
Through, per, prep, with accus. Two, du-o, ae, o. (Seep. 39.)
u.
Unwilling, invit-us, a, um. Used to, imperf. of verb; as, used to
Us, nos, pi. of ego. (See p. 41.) ride, equltabat also exji-tsstd Oy soleo^
:
Useful, utll-is, is, e. aolitus sum, solgre.

Useful, (to be usûl to,) prosum, profui. Useless, inmil-is, is, e.
prGll"5ac.
HNGLian VOCABULAKY. 249
yi
V.
1,:
Vaili, a^., {melas,) vftn-us, a, um. Very, sign o/superl, as, very brave, fortls-
Vain, adv., {in vain,) frustra, nequlc- slmus ; very much, valde.
tit-
quam, or ncquidquam. Victorious, Tlctor, gen. victOr-la
Vainly, frustra, nequicquam. Virtue, virtQs, virtntls,/.
Voice, vox, voc-is, /.
w.
Wage war, Infcrrc bellum. Wide-meshed, rSr-ns, a, nm.
Walk about, ambOl-o, avi, <kc. Wife, uxor, uxor-is, /. ; cor\jux, con-
Wall, mOr-us, 1, m. j UK-is, /.
Want, (be wanting,) d5sura, dcful, de- Wild-boar, Sper, apr-l, m.

esse. Willingly, llbcnter, adv.
War, bell-um,
«. I, Wine, vin-ura, 1, n.
Warn, mSn-eo, ui, ttum, era Wing, al-a, ae, /.
Wash, ISvo, lavi, &c Winter, hlem-s, is, /.
Water, aqu-a, ae, /. Wisdom, sapienti-a, ae,/.
Wave, und-a, ae,/. fluct-us, ns, ; m. Wise, sapiens, gen. sapient-is.
Way; vi-a, ae, / Iter, itingris, n.
; With, (i.e., along with,) cum, prt-p. witn
Weak, {not strong,) d6btl-i8, is, e ;
{deli- abl. : also sign of abl.
cate, tender,) tener, tengr-a, um. Without, sine, prep, with abl.
Weary, fess-us, a, um. Wolf, lup-us, m.; I, IQp-a, ae, /., she-
What, quis, quae, quod, or quid {See wolf.
p. 44.) Woman, femtn-a, ae,/. ; raulier, muligr-
When, quum, or cum, conj. is,/
Which, qui, quae, qtiod. {Seep. 44.) Wood, silv-a, ae,/.
White, alb-us, a,um ; candld-us, a, um. Work, Opus, op6r-ls, n. ; op5r-a, ae, /
Who, {relative,) qui, quae, quod ;
(in- Worn-out, defess-us, a, nm.
terrog.,) qui, or quis. {See p. 44.) Worthless, nequam, indecl. {See p. 37,
Wliole, tot-US, a, um; omn-is, is, e. 5.)
Why, cur, adv. ; quid. Wound, vulnns, rulngr-is, n.
Wicked, mSl-us, a, um ;
prav-us, a, um; Wounded, vulnerat-us, a, um.
impr5b-u8, a, um. Wretched, mtser, mlsgr-a, um>--..^
Wide, lat-us, a, um. Write, scribo, scripsi, scriptum, scribgfc.
Y.
\ Year, ann-ns, m. i, Young-man, or woman, jflvgn-ls, is, m.
Yesterday, h6ri, adv. or/.
You, tu, tui pi, V08.
; {See p. 41.) Your, sing., tu-us, a, um; pi, vaster,
vestra, vestmm.

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^.

11.25 1.4 1.6

Sciences WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques

Couverture endommagie Pages endommagies th

Coloured maps/ Pages detached/

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Comprend du materiel supplementaire

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distorsion le long da la marge int^rieure

Additional comments:/ Irregular pagination : [i] - 239, [242] - 249 p.

12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X

ARCHD. H. BRYCE, LLD., D.C.L., F.R.S.E.,

THOMAS NELSON AND SONS,

The following Rentences, slightly

Adjectives should always be taught simultaneously with

authors; but the choice of words and appropriate phrases

foreign language, pupils should daily, and from the

Prn?" ^T^ ^""^Tl'

a^ his model, wrought

other by the Editor of ^•""^•"

expression ; but the Editor did not feel himself at liberty to

TH« EOINBUllUK (JOLLEUIATE SCHOOL, 1878.

will consult the Preface to Professor Madvig's Latin Grammar, Wood's

fomM of Cases.' But if we follow this grouping principle farther, we shall

* See lotruductiua to Dr. WoodfoiU'a Latin Grammar.

I. Tlio Letters, &c Pauk

EXTRACTS FOB READINQ.

Nominative and Vocative, 161

Latix Vocabitlart, IDO

the organ by which they are pronounced

degree of breathing employed in their

^''°'''?! ' ''?'^'° c'"»>'acteri8tic8:-/'tr.<, It e<me, freely In pronunclatlo.-,,

6 X and z are double consonants, being eqnal-^

7 A is not properly a letter, but a hrmthing,

a Diphthongs are composed of two

n. There are three Genders-Masculine,

13. There are eight Parts of Speech :-

n.m.e„; „ „„,. ,„ ^L TL.1„rxr rS^m'^l ^^.'4= '""

008 --What we express in English by prepositions is very often fndicated

Thus inSrJfh'' r'^'lt

^ B.-The feminine forms of adjectives, in

3. (Syntax) Rule l}—An adjective agrees with its ovm substan-

5 (Syntax) Rule III.-^ verb agrees with its mbject in number

The gates are wide.

All. 6erv-b,/rom, dx., a slave Bbtv-U, from, ttc., slaves.

3 Adjectives which have the masculine

(I.) Wgiti. Digitis. Oculus. Hortorum Oculum qArv? rk« i

(2.) Pueri Pneros. Ocili puerorum sunt teneri.

nnser amice! Digiti agricolae sunt longi.

In templis deorum. Aqnilae ova. Lata arva

"« th, «m in the nomimlCf ^"^' "*'"* '"*" ^'''«

.-.i^f LTi^r;::?" """ """^ "^''^ ^-^ "^

2.) iV. d: Voc Plural.

^«- Fratr-em. r"?"'

AU. Animal-it Anuna - b„.

4. (Syntax) Rule Vr__7»Xz. • .

jnf m«A«.,- pater „eu« es^C™ «t^„,?' P?''^' '' "'»'«'./'«'i^

BIERCISE rv. ' ^

vZmm a1 '" '^^'°^^

"« th, «m in the nomimlCf ^"^' "'" '"*" ^'''«

in-law. 4 NeptJe e^^l T'"" "" '"^ ''™ <l«>8htcre-