English Xi

WHY BOOKS ARE IMPORTANT FOR US?
A wise man once said, “Learning without books means nothing.” In my opinion, this statement is true.
Why do I say that? This is for several reasons.
Fisrtly, books are crucial in developing the mind and help foster critical thinking. For example, after
reading a book, even if you don’t agree with some of the point in the book, you might have ideas on
how to improve them.
Secondly, books not only contain stories, but also record facts and review histories. You can also
learn about a certain period in history by discovering the popular books of the era. For example, you
can learn about the French Revolutionary era by reading Alexander Dumas’ A Tale of Two Cities.
Lastly, books do not only educate, but also entertain. There are books containing mystery, drama,
comedy, adventures, and so on. There are books about virtually everything. The possibilities are
andless.
Base on the reasons above, it is obvious that reading books is important for us. It is no wonder that
books are said to be our “window to the world”.
Do You Know?
An analytical exposition text, also called a persuasive text, is a form of essay or argumentative text
designed to persuade the reader or listener that something is the case (good, bad, necessary, harmful,
beneficial, etc).
The text consists of three parts :
 Thesis, which indicates the topic, and ends with reasoning or proof of the statement.
 Argument, which lists reasons, facts, or statistics, or provides examples.
 Reiteration, which restates the thesis statement or draws a conclusion based on the argument.
CULTURAL AWARENESS
Passive Voice : When to use it and when to avoid it

In English, all sentences are in either “active” or “passive” voice. In an active sentence, the person or
thing responsible for the action in the sentence comes first.
 In a passive sentence, the person or thing acted on comes first and the actor is added at the end,
introduced with the preposition “by”.
 In passive sentence, we often omit the actor completely.
When do I use passive voice?

In some sentences, passive voice can be perfectly acceptable. You might use it in the following cases :
1. The actor is unknown
E.g. The cave paintings were made in the Upper Old Stone Age. [We don’t know who made
them.]
2. The actor is irrelevant
E.g. An experimental solar power plant will be built in the Australian desert. [We are not
interested in who is building it.]
3. You want to be vague about who is responsible E.g. Mistakes were made. [Common in
bureaucratic writing!]
4. You are talking about a general truth E.g. Rules are made to be broken. [By whomever,
whenever.]
5. You want to emphasize the person or thing acted on.
E.g. Insulin was first discovered in 1921 by researchers at the Univercity of Toronto. It is still the
only treatment available for diabetes.
6. You are writing in a scientific genre. Passive voice is often preferred in lab reports and scientific
research papers, most notably in the Materials and Methods section.
E.g. The sodium hydroxide was dissolved in water. This solution was then titrated with
hydrochloric acid.
(The passive voice places the emphasis on your experiment rather than on you.)
When should I avoid passive voice?

Passive sentences can get you into trouble in academic writing because they can be vague about who
is responsible for the action :
Both Othello and Iago desire Desdemona. She is courted. [Who courts Desdemona? Othello?
Iago? Both of them?]
Academic writing often focuses on differences between the ideas of different researchers, or between
your own ideas and those of the researchers you are discussing. Too many passive sentences can
create confusion :
Research has been done to discredit this theory. [Who did the research? You? Your professor?
Another author?]
Passive sentences often sound wordly an indirect. They can make the reader work unnecessarily hard.
And since they are usually longer than active sentences, passive sentences take up precious room in
your paper :
Since the car was being driven by Michael at the time of the accident, the damages should be
paid for by him.
(Adapted from an article written by Tim Corson and Rebecca Smollet, Univercity College
Writing Centre)

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WHY BOOKS ARE IMPORTANT FOR US?

Passive Voice : When to use it and when to avoid it

When do I use passive voice?

When should I avoid passive voice?

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