Atmospheric Pressure Sensor

3.4 Meteorological Sensors

3.4.1 Atmospheric Pressure Sensor
The barometer reading is generally considered a fairly close indication of the
current weather situation. Exact measurement of atmospheric pressure plays
an important part in weather forecasting and also in flying, where it acts as an
indicator of altitude.

Physical units
1mbar = 10² N/m² = 10² Pa = 1 hPa = 10³ dyn/cm² = 10.2 Kp/m²
(N = Newton, Pa = Pascal, hPa = hectopascal).

The relationship between the old units, namely Torr and mm of mercury, is as 3
follows :
1 mbar = 0.750 Torr = 0.7500 mm Hg

ALMEMO® plug-in probes for measuring atmospheric pressure

For measuring barometric pressure the ALMEMO® range of sensors includes
two plug-in piezo-resistive pressure probes.
Type / Order no. Properties
FDA612SA with pressure connection sleeve
FDAD12SA without pressure connection sleeve
Factory calibration only
and only possible for 1 point
(current ambient pressure)
The plug-in pressure probes - thanks
to their compact design - can be
plugged directly onto the measuring in­
strument.

Example
FDA 612 SA with ALMEMO® plug pro­
gramming

Measurable variable Measuring range Resolution Units Range Factor Exponential

Atmospheric pressure 0 - 1050 mbar 0.1 mbar d2600 -1.0000 3

These probes can also be operated at a certain distance away from the AL­
MEMO® device via connecting cable ZA 9060 AK1 (0.2 meters) or ALMEMO ®
extension cable ZA 9060 VKx.

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 Atmospheric Pressure Sensor

Technical data
Plug-in pressure measuring probe FDA612SA with pressure connection sleeve
Measuring range 700 to 1050 mbar
(total range 0 to 1050 mbar)
Overload capacity Maximum 1.5 times final value
Accuracy ±0.5 % of final value
Nominal temperature +25 °C
Temperature drift <±1 % final value at 0 to +70 °C
Hose connections Ø 5 mm, length 12 mm
Sensor material Aluminum, nylon, silicone, silica gel, brass
Plug-in pressure measuring probe FDAD12SA without pressure connection sleeve
Measuring range 700 to 1100 mbar
(total range 300 to 1100 mbar)
Accuracy ±2.5 mbar at 0 to +65 °C
Common technical data
Operating range –10 to +60 °C
10 to 90 % RH
non-condensing
Dimensions 90 x 20 x 7.6 mm

3-4-2 ALMEMO® Manual, 9. edition

 Wind Velocity Sensor

3.4.2 Wind Velocity Sensor

The following units are used to indicate the wind velocity:
Meter per second (m/s), kilometer per hour (km/h) or knots with 1 knot
equalling 1 nautic mile per hour:
1 m/s = 3.6 km/h = 1.9 knots
1 km/h = 0.54 knots = 0.28 m/s
1 knots = 0.52 m/s = 1.86 km/h

Table m/s to km/h and wind force, wind force designation

m/s km/h Wind Force Designation
0.3 to 1.5 1 to 5 1 light air
1.6 to 3.3 6 to 11 2 light breeze 3
3.4 to 5.4 12 to 19 3 gentle breeze
5.5 to 7.9 20 to 28 4 moderate breeze
8.0 to 10.7 29 to 38 5 fresh breeze
10.8 to 13.8 39 to 49 6 strong breeze
13.9 to 17.1 50 to 61 7 moderate gale
17.2 to 20.7 62 to 74 8 fresh gale
20.8 to 24.4 75 to 88 9 strong gale
24.5 to 28.4 89 to 102 10 whole gale
28.5 to 32.6 103 to 117 11 storm
more than 32.7 more than 118 12 hurricane

Measuring Principle
A large number of different methods can be used for measuring the wind velo­
city. In meteorology it is mainly the rotating cup anemometer being used.
It consists of a three or four prong star (cup) that rotates around a vertical
shaft. A hemisphere is attached to each prong of the star. These are arranged
so that the wind always, simultaneously, encounters one concave and one con­
vex hemisphere. The concave surface provides a significantly higher aerody­
namic resistance to the wind than the convex surface. As a result, the wind ap­
plies a higher force to the prong of the concave hemisphere than to the prong
of the convex hemisphere. Consequently, the star starts to turn and rotate, be­
coming faster as the wind becomes stronger. The advantage of this measuring
principle is that it works independent from the wind direction.
Due to the unavoidable friction effects in the bearings, the wind velocity pick-up
will only work from a certain minimum wind velocity and is characterised by a
certain 'sluggishness'. In case of a sudden wind gust the cup needs a short ac­
celeration time until it has reached the rotational speed that corresponds to the
wind gust. However, it still runs for a certain time when the wind has already
decreased. This leads to a smoothing of the wind recording - velocity peaks
are smoothed. As the cup adjusts faster with increasing wind velocities than
with decreasing wind velocities, the indicated mean value will be higher than
the true value.

ALMEMO® Manual, 9. edition 3-4-3

 Wind Velocity Sensor

ALMEMO® Wind Velocity Sensor

For measuring the wind velocity the ALMEMO® range of sensors includes the
wind velocity sensor FV A615-2.

Applications
The wind velocity sensor can be used for measuring the horizontal wind velo­
city. The measured values are provided as electrical analogue current or
voltage signals, e.g. for wind power stations.
All devices are equipped with electronically controlled heating for winter opera­
tion to prevent ball bearings and external rotational parts from freezing. The
electrical power supply for the heating of the wind velocity sensor must be
provided by the customer, e.g. by using an external power supply unit.
If fastening adapters are used (angles, tie-bars) the possible influence caused
by turbulences must be considered.

Technical Data
Measuring range 0.5 ... 50m/s
Measuring accuracy ± 0.5m/s or ± 3% of measured value
Resolution < 0.1m/s
Measuring principle optoelectronically (slotted disk)
Operating voltage 9 - 30 VDC or 24 VAC/DC
for 0 -10V output 13 - 30 VDC
Heating 24 VAC/DC max. 20W
Ambient temperature -30 ... +70°C
Cable 12m long LiYCY 6 x 0.25mm2
Installation e.g. pole tube with holding thread PG21
or drill hole Ø 29mm
Weight 0.75kg

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 Wind Velocity Sensor

Connection Diagrams

Preparation for Operation

Selection of the place of installation
Generally, instruments for measuring wind data should detect the wind condi­
tions in the widest possible range. The place of installation should be located at
a height of 10m above an even, undisturbed area to obtain comparable values
when determining the ground wind. An undisturbed area means that the dis­
tance between the wind sensor and an obstruction should be, at minimum, ten
times the height of the obstruction (see also VDI 3786). If this regulation cannot
be met the wind sensor should be installed at a height where local obstruc­
tions, if possible, will not influence the measured values (approx. 6-10m higher
than the disturbance level). On flat roofs the wind sensor should be mounted in
the centre of the roof rather than the edge of the roof to avoid any predominant
directions.

Installation
The installation can, for example, be performed on a central pole tube with a
holding thread PG 21 or on brackets or similar devices with a Ø 29mm drill
hole. Obstructions must be considered that could tamper the air flow and cor­
rupt the measured value. The flexible control line LiYCY is guided through the
drilled hole and the wind sensor must be fixed with the hexagon nut (jaw span

ALMEMO® Manual, 9. edition 3-4-5

Wind Velocity Sensor

SW36). The electrical connection must be performed according to the connec­

tion diagram shown on page 3-4-4.
Note: Storage, installation and operation, when exposed to weath­
 er conditions, must only be carried out in a vertical position as oth­
erwise water can penetrate into the device.

Maintenance
If correctly mounted, the device will work maintenance-free. Heavy environ­
mental pollution can lead to clogging of the slit between the rotating and fixed
parts of the wind velocity sensor. The slit must always be kept clean.

3.4.3 Wind Direction Sensor

The wind direction is specified either corresponding to the point of the com­
pass or to a scale with a 360 or, sometimes, a 36 graduation.
In meteorological data acquisition the wind-T is usually used to determine the
wind direction. For determining the wind direction the ALMEMO ® range of
sensors includes the wind direction sensor FV A614.

Applications
The wind direction sensor can be used for measuring the horizontal wind direc­
tion. The measured values are provided as electrical analogue current or
voltage signals, e.g. for wind power stations.
All devices are equipped with electronically controlled heating for winter opera­
tion to prevent ball bearings and external rotational parts from freezing. The
electrical power supply for the heating of the wind velocity sensor must be
provided by the customer, e.g. by using an external power supply unit.
If fastening adapters are used (angles, tie-bars) the possible influence caused
by turbulences must be considered.

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 Wind Direction Sensor

Technical Data
Measuring range 0 ... 360 °
Measuring accuracy ±5°
Resolution 11.25 ° (5 bit Graycode)
Measuring principle optoelectronically
Operating voltage 9 - 30VDC or 24 VAC/DC
for 0 -10V output 13 - 30VDC
Heating 24 VAC/DC max. 20W
Ambient temperature -30 ... +70°C
Cable 12m long LiYCY 6 x 0.25mm2 3
Installation e.g. pole tube with holding thread PG21 or drill hole Ø 29mm
Weight 1.10kg
For connection diagrams please see page 3-4-4

Preparation for Operation

Selection of the place of installation
Generally, instruments for measuring wind data should detect the wind condi­
tions in the widest possible range. The place of installation should be located at
a height of 10m above an even, undisturbed area to obtain comparable values
when determining the ground wind. An undisturbed area means that the dis­
tance between the wind sensor and an obstruction should be, at minimum, ten
times the height of the obstruction (see also VDI 3786). If this regulation cannot
be met the wind sensor should be installed at a height where local obstruc­
tions, if possible, will not influence the measured values (approx. 6-10m higher
than the disturbance level). On flat roofs the wind sensor should be mounted in
the centre of the roof rather than the edge of the roof to avoid any predominant
directions.

Installation
The installation can, for example, be performed on a central pole tube with a
holding thread PG 21 or on brackets or similar devices with a Ø 29mm drill
hole. (e.g. tie-bar compact, Order No. ZB 9015TC)
The flexible control line LiYCY is guided through the drilled hole and, after it
has been aligned to north, the wind sensor must be fixed with the hexagon nut
(jaw span SW36). The electrical connection must be performed according to
the connection diagram shown on page 3-4-4.
Note: Storage, installation and operation, when exposed to weath­
 er conditions, must only be carried out in a vertical position as oth­
erwise water can penetrate into the device.

Alignment to North
The markings on the shaft and at the protective cap must be turned over each
other until they are congruent. A compass can be used to determine a land­

ALMEMO® Manual, 9. edition 3-4-7

 Wind Direction Sensor

mark (tree, building or similar), which is located in the north direction. The
wind-T is used to aim at the landmark and, when conforming, the sensor is
fiexed with the screw (the north mark must point to the north direction).

Maintenance
If correctly mounted, the device will work maintenance-free. Heavy environ­
mental pollution can lead to clogging of the slit between the rotating and fixed
parts of the wind velocity sensor. The slit must always be kept clean.

3.4.4 Rainfall Sensor

The rainfall is specified in mm depth of rainfall or just mm. It is assumed that
the fallen rain neither seeps away nor evaporates, but that it forms a sea. Its
depth in mm leads to the unit mm depth of rainfall. 1mm equals 1l/m² or 10
m³/ha.
Measuring Principle
To not only measure the amount of rainfall but also to determine the time slope
of the rainfall intensity, the rainfall sensor must have a recording unit.
For recording the rainfall, the measuring system is equipped
with a tipping scale. At a specified amount of liquid the scale
tips and one half of the tipping scale is emptied while the oth­
er half is filling. This process is repeated continuously. The
content of both halves of the tipping scale is constant. The
number of tip processes is a measure for the amount of rain­
fall. The tipping actions are electronically counted and con­
verted into the amount of rainfall.

ALMEMO® Rainfall Sensor

For rainfall measurements the ALMEMO® sensor range
provides the rainfall sensor FR A916 with sieve bar for pro­
tection against insects and similar contaminations.

Meas. Variable Meas. Range Resol. Dim Range Factor Exp.

Rainfall amount 0.2 mm/pulse 0.2 mm PULS 01.02.00 -1

Technical Data
Measuring range: 0.2 mm/pulse, resolution 0.2 mm
Capture cross section: 400 cm2
Operating range: 0 to +50°C, with heating –30 to +50°C
Heating: 24V DC max. 30W
Material: housing: corrosion-resistant metal,
tipping scale: weather-resistant plastic
Dimensions: 280 mm high, 240 mm Ø
Weight: 2.4 kg

3-4-8 ALMEMO® Manual, 9. edition

 Rainfall Sensor

3.4.4.1 Precipitation detector

Description
- The sensor reacts to precipitation in the form of either rain or snow within
just a few seconds.
- It detects even very slight precipitation.
- The precipitation detector reacts by switching a relay. It does not
provide a continuous measuring signal; it operates with a step function :
If it detects precipitation,
display in ALMEMO® measuring instrument : 1.0000,
if it does not detect precipitation,
display in ALMEMO® measuring instrument : 0.0000.
- The precipitation detector is designed for use for example in automatic 3
ventilation or shading systems, or in automatically controlled
greenhouses, etc.
Function
As soon as the response threshold is exceeded, an integrated relay is
triggered. This switches the integrated sensor heating system full on. As soon
as the sensor surface has sufficiently dried (value dropping back below the lim­
it value plus hysteresis) the automatic reset delay starts to run. This delay is
fixed at approx. 5 minutes. In the period from activation of the automatic reset
delay until the moment when “rain“ is reported again the sensor heating system
operates at approx. 25 percent of full power. This preheating phase helps to
prevent “rain” being reported as a result of e.g. mist or dew.

Dimension

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 Rainfall Sensor

Connection

Technical Data
Voltage connection: 230V AC ±10% 6VA (50/60 Hz)
optional 24V AC
Power draw:
Elektronics: 3 VA
Preheating: 1 VA
Total heating: 3 VA
Admissible ambient temperature.: -30 ... +60 °C
Storage temperature: -30 ... +70 °C
Relative humidity: 0 ... 100 %
Relay drop-out delay: 5 minutes ± 15%
Test voltage:
Terminals L or N → Electronics : 1,5kV
Electronics → Relay contacts: 1,5kV
Electromagnetic EN50081-1; EN50082-2;
compatibility: EN61010-1
Relay output: 250V AC, max. 4A, 300VA inductive.
Duty classificationt: approx. 1 million operations
Housing:
Material: polycarbonate, gray
Protection system: IP65
Mounting system: Tubular steel pole,
diameter approx. 25 to 50 mm
Weight: approx 0,8 kg (incl. mounting materials)
Connection
FR8616D: with connecting terminals
FRA616D: with ALMEMO® connector and 12 m connection cable

Product overview
Option: Precipitation detector
designed for connection to 24 V AC Order no. OR8616U6
Precipitation sensor including mounting materials Order no. FR8616D
Precipitation sensor including mounting materials,
ALMEMO® connector, and 12-meter cable Order no. FRA616D

3-4-10 ALMEMO® Manual, 9. edition

 Global Radiation Pyranometer

3.4.5 Global Radiation Pyranometer

The global radiation is the radiation from the upper hemisphere to a horizontal
surface in a wave length range of the solar spectrum from 0.3 to 3 µm. It is the
sum of the direct solar and the diffuse sky radiation and is specified in Watt per
m² (W/m²).
Measuring Principle
The measurement of the intensity of radi­
ation (radiant intensity) is performed indir­
ectly via the temperature difference
between black and white areas. By this,
an influence from the ambient temperat­
ure isavoided. At star pyranometers, 12
circular arranged small copper plates, al­ 3
ternating black and white, are used as ra­
diation-sensitive surfaces. On irradiation
the black surfaces heat up more than the
white surfaces. This temperature differ­
ence is measured using a thermoelectric
pile attached to the underside of the sur­
faces.

Measurement of the Sky Radiation

Component
In principle, pyranometers only measure
the short-wave radiation as the cover
hoods are too opaque for the long-wave
spectral range. However, the sky radiation
component can also be measured separ­
ately by using special constructions. For
this purpose, a shade ring (R) is mounted
above the device so that the direct sun ra­
diation is kept away from the measuring
element. The seasonal variation of the sun
elevation is considered by a height adjust­
ment (H) that can be performed by means
of a scale (SK)..

Determining the Intensity of the Sun Radiation

If a shaded and a free pyranometer are used together, the difference between
their measured values allows for calculating the intensity of the sun radiation.

Measurement of the Short-wave Radiation Balance

A pair of pyranometers, with one device directed upwards and the other device
directed downwards, allows for a measurement of the short-wave radiation bal­
ance. The radiation detected by the downward-directed sensor surface is just
the radiation reflected by the earth. This also allows for calculating the albedo
(reflecting ability) of the ground surface.

ALMEMO® Manual, 9. edition 3-4-11

Global Radiation Pyranometer

ALMEMO® Global Radiation Sensor

For measuring the global radiation, the sky radiation and the short-wave radi­
ation the ALMEMO® sensor range provides the star pyranometer, according to
Dirmhirn, FL A628-S. The sensor surfaces are shielded from environmental ef­
fects by a cut precision glass cupola.
Meas. Variable Meas. Range Resol. Dim Range Factor Exp.
Global radiation 0 - 1500.0 W/m2 0.1 Wm d26 - 2

Calibration
Each device is supplied with a calibration certificate. The calibration values are
stored in the ALMEMO® connector plug and are locked. They must not be
modified.
Pyranometers that are used in continuous operation should be calibrated every
quarter of a year or at minimum every six months.

Maintenance and Service

If star pyranometers are used in continuous operation, the glass cupola should
be cleaned and dried at least once per day. The levelling should be checked
daily. It can be easily adjusted by 3 setting screws and an integrated bubble.
For measurements during the winter months, ventilation and heating for the
device has been integrated to prevent the glass from becoming covered with
moisture (rain, snow, ice). Ice formation must be very carefully removed by us­
ing a de-icing spray. The removable dry tank is screwed to the underside of the
star pyranometer and contains silica gel crystals as dry substance to avoid
condensing effects. The dry substance should always be blue (never pink) and
should be replaced or regenerated (by heat-up to approximately 80°C) every
two weeks.
The radiation-sensitive surfaces must always be black and white. In case of
damages or irregularities to the radiation-sensitive surfaces the device must be
inspected in our factory. Scratching of the radiation-sensitive surfaces and the
glass cupola must be absolutely avoided.

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 Global Radiation Pyranometer

Technical Data
Measuring range: 0 to 1500 W/m2, resolution 0.1 W/m2
Spectral range: 0.3 to 3 µm
Output: approx. 15µV/Wm-2
Impedance: approx. 35 ohm
Operating range: –40 to +60°C
Cosine effect: < 3% of measured value 0 to 80°
Inclination azimuth effect: < 3% of measured value
Temperature influence: < 1% of meas. value from –20 to +40°C
Accuracy: cosine effect + azimuth effect + temp. influence
Nominal temperature: 22°C ±2°C
Linearity: <0.5% in range 0.5 to 1330 W/m2
Stability: <1% of meas. range per year at occasional operation 3
Settling time: 25 s (t95)
Dimensions: housing: 160 mm Ø, 75 mm high
bolt circle: 134 mm Ø
bore holes: 8 mm Ø
Weight: 1 kg
Cable length: 3 m with ALMEMO® connector and
programmed calibration value

ALMEMO® Manual, 9. edition 3-4-13

Humidity / temperature sensor

3.4.6 Humidity / temperature sensor

in protective all-weather housin
ALMEMO® humidity / temperature sensor in protective all-weather housing

For determining humidity and temperature

in outdoors applications the ALMEMO®
range of sensors includes the sensor FH
A646 AG for mounting on a wall or a mast.

This incorporates a dew-resistant humidity

sensor with a capacitive thin-film element
(see Section 3.3.2) and a highly accurate
NTC sensor element and is enclosed in a
protective all-weather housing.

ALMEMO® devices can display not only the

relative atmospheric humidity and ambient
temperature but also the dew-point tem­
perature and mixture ratio in g/kg.

Installation
The sensor cable is connected via screw terminals and can be up to 30 meters
in length.

Recommended sensor mounting on a wall:

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 Humidity / temperature sensor

Positions not recommended for mounting:

Fixture for mounting on a wall / mast

Dimensions [mm]

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Humidity / temperature sensor

Technische Daten

Operative range -30 to +60 °C

0 to 90% RH
non-condensing
Humidity measuring circuit
Sensor Capacitive thin-film sensor
Measuring range 0 to 100% RH
Accuracy ±2% RH at nominal temperature
in the range <90% RH
Reproducibility ±1% RH at nominal temperature
Nominal temperature +25 ±3 °C
Temperature measuring circuit
Sensor NTC type N (10 kΩ at 25 °C)
Accuracy -20 to 0 °C
±0.4 °C
0 to +60 °C
±0.1 °C
Reproducibility ±0.1 °C
Dimensions
Protective all-weather housing Ø 105 mm, height approx. 110 mm
Electronics unit 80 x 80 x 25 mm
Cable(s) 2 meters, with ALMEMO® plug
Longer cable (up to 30 meters) on request

ALMEMO® temperature sensor in protective all-weather housing

To obtain measurements of outside air temperature - unfalsified by radiation
effects - the ALMEMO® range of sensors includes the Pt 100 temperature
sensor FPA 930 AG in a protective all-weather housing.
The sensor cable is connected via screw terminals.
The maximum length of the connecting cable depends on the compensating
quality of the cable resistance in the measuring instrument.
If connection to the ALMEMO® device is in 4-conductor technology it is pos­
sible to compensate a cable resistance of up to 500 Ω.
Cable lengths of several hundred meters are possible; it all depends on the
conductor cross-section.

3-4-16 ALMEMO® Manual, 9. edition

 Meteo-Multi sensor FMA510

3.4.7 Meteo-Multi sensor FMA510

Description
The “Meteo Multi” FMA510 is a compact, light-weight
multi-sensor system for measuring all important met­
eorological variables. The system can be freely con­
figured to measure temperature, relative humidity, at­
mospheric pressure, wind velocity, wind direction,
and rainfall.
The device can be fitted in any suitable location
quickly and easily using just a single screw. Its quick
and easy installation and its very low energy con­
sumption make the “Meteo Multi” ideal for use in 3
weather stations or for any application requiring com­
pact design and low weight. The FMA510 has no
moving parts, is virtually maintenance-free, and en­
sures a long useful life. It is made of materials highly
resistant to UV radiation and to corrosion.

Wind measurement
The WINDCAP® sensor can be used to measure both wind velocity and wind
direction. This sensor uses ultrasonic measurement to acquire and record the
horizontal wind velocity and direction. Three ultrasonic transducers arranged
horizontally at equal intervals ensure highly precise wind values measured
from all directions without any blind spots or display errors. This wind sensor
has no moving parts and is thus virtually maintenance-free.

Rainfall measurement
Rainfall measurement is performed using the RAINCAP ® sensor, which actu­
ally acquires and records the precipitation of single raindrops. The signals gen­
erated in so doing are thus proportional to the volume of the raindrops. The
signals generated per raindrop can thus be converted directly to provide the
total rainfall quantity.
This measuring method ensures precise rainfall values without the usual
losses resulting from overflow, wetting, or evaporation.

PTU module for pressure, temperature, and humidity

A PTU module uses a series of capacitive measuring methods to acquire and
record the values for atmospheric pressure, temperature, and humidity. Atmo­
spheric pressure is measured using a BAROCAP® semiconductor sensor.
This sensor ensures low hysteresis, high-level reproducibility, and stability over
temperature and time. Temperature is measured using a ceramic THERMO­
CAP® sensor. Humidity is measured using HUMICAP® technology. The HUM­
ICAP® sensor operates to a high level of precision and ensures long-term sta­
bility over time in a wide variety of environments. The PTU module is housed in
a special radiation-protected case. This protects the sensors against both dir­

ALMEMO® Manual, 9. edition 3-4-17

 Meteo-Multi sensor FMA510

ect and indirect sunlight and rainfall. The plates are made from a plastic mater­
ial with excellent thermal characteristics and a special UV-stabilized structure.
Its white exterior surfaces reflect radiation while its black interior surfaces ab­
sorb the accumulated warmth.

Heating (FMA510H only)

To ensure that measured data is available at all times and that such values re­
main correct even in the event of snowfall the system incorporates heatable
wind and rainfall sensors. The operating current circuit and the heating circuit
are separate thus ensuring that separate power supplies can be used. The
supply voltage for the heating circuit is 12 or 24 V with automatic switchover.
(DC or AC voltage - or rectified AC voltage) A thermostat ensures that the
heating is only switched on at low ambient temperatures.

Connecting the heating cable

- Undo and remove the long screws underneath the
sensor .
- Withdraw the bottom half of the casing.
- Pull the wires out through the cable conduit under­
neath the sensor.
- Clamp the wires onto terminals 17 (GND) and 18.
- Place the bottom half of the casing back in position
and secure by tightening the screws.
terminals 17 und 18
Operating in conjunction with an ALMEMO ® device
The “Meteo Multi” incorporates two ALMEMO® connectors suit­
able for plugging directly onto any ALMEMO® device. The measured values are
transferred to the ALMEMO® device in digital form (“DIGI” measuring range).
The functions of this sensor are supported by ALMEMO ® devices
 2690, 2890, 8590, 8690, and 5690 with effect from version V6 (as of
around August 2006, otherwise an update is needed) and with effect
from version V5 (the pressure / measuring cycle function only).

To obtain reliable results for the meteorological variables, wind and rainfall, it is
absolutely imperative to evaluate measured values over a certain time span.
On V5 and V6 devices the average, maximum, and total functions for digital
signals (“DIGI” measuring range) are not available as required. The necessary
functions are programmed therefore in the ALMEMO ® connector . For this pur­
pose the appropriate channels may only be interrogated on a cyclic basis (i.e.
not continuously). This problem is solved in different ways for V5 ad V6
devices:
V5 devices: Program the measuring or print cycle e.g. to 10 minutes (at least 5 minutes), con­
version rate not continuous. No measuring channel with cyclic averaging must be
displayed / selected on the device (i.e. not wind direction, wind velocity, average
and maximum values, rainfall quantity, rainfall intensity). The measuring opera­
tion / cycle must have been started.

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 Meteo-Multi sensor FMA510

V6 devices: Program the cycle e.g. to 10 minutes (at least 5 minutes); program element flag 4
in each affected measuring channel , thus ensuring that these channels are only
interrogated on a cyclic basis (like impulse connectors ). The measuring opera­
tion / cycle must have been started.
The eight measurable variables involved require two ALMEMO ® digital con­
nectors, configured as follows:

Measurable variable Sensor signal PIC function = ALMEMO display Element

flag
1. Connector
1. Wind direction in degrees) Momentary value Aver. val. over interrogation cycle 4
2. Wind velocity (m/s) Momentary value Aver. val. over interrogation cycle 4 3
3. Wind velocity (m/s) Momentary value Max. value in interrogation cycle 4
4. Atmosph. pressure (mbar) Momentary value Momentary value -
2nd connector
1. Temperature (°C) Momentary value Momentary value -
2. Humidity (% RH) Momentary value Momentary value -
3. Rainfall quantity (mm) Momentary value Total over interrogation cycle 4
4. Rainfall intensity (mm/h) Momentary value Max. value in interrogation cycle 4

The average value of the wind direction values is correctly formed

 on a vectorial basis, i.e. also over and beyond the zero-point.
All channels with cyclic values require a current cycle; otherwise no
measured value can be displayed. If WinControl is being used, first
switch the device and the sensor on and then start the measuring
operation.
Any V5 devices must have been set to the non-continuous conver­
sion rate. This means that channels with momentary values (atmo­
spheric pressure, temperature, humidity) will not display any
changes to the measured values within the cycle.

Technical data
Wind direction
Azimuth 0 to 360°, Resolution 1°, Output of average value
Accuracy ±3°
Wind velocity
Range 0.5 to 60 m/s , Resolution 0.1 m/s
Output of average value and maximum value
Accuracy 0 to 35 m/s ±0.3 m/s or ±3% (whichever is the larger)
36 to 60 m/s ±5%
Barometric pressure
Range 600 to 1100 mbar , Resolution 0.1 mbar
Accuracy ±0.5 mbar at 0 to 30 °C

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 Meteo-Multi sensor FMA510

±1 mbar at -52 to +60 °C

Air temperature
Range -52 to +60 °C , Resolution 0.1 K
Accuracy ±0.3 K at 20 °C (sensor element)
Relative humidity
Range 0 to 100 % RH, Resolution 0.1% RH
Accuracy ± 3% RH at 0 to 90 % RH
± 5% RH at 90 to 100 % RH
Rainfall quantity
Surface area measured 60 cm² , Resolution 0.01 mm Output of total value
Accuracy * ± 5%
Rainfall intensity
Range 0 to 200 mm/h, Resolution 0.1 mm/h
Output of maximum value
Dimensions
Height 240 mm
Diameter 120 mm
Weight 620 g
Cable Sensor cable, fixed, 12 meters long
with 2 ALMEMO® digital input cables, 0,3 meters
Power supply 6 to 12 V from the ALMEMO® device
Heating (for FMA510H only) 12 VDC maximum 1.1 A or 24 VDC/VAC maximum 0.6 A
Fixing
Direct On the side of a traverse or a tubular mast with external diamet­
er 30 mm, internal diameter >= 24 mm
By means of snap-on adapter On a tubular mast with external diameter 27 mm (or 30 mm -
ZB9510MA27 without supplied insert)
* Results may be subject, given the variability of rainfall per area, to substantial measuring er­
rors - especially over relatively short periods. The data does not include measuring errors
caused by the wind.

Installation
The FMA510 can be fitted either to a vertical mast or to a horizontal bar.
An adapter piece is available as an option; this facilitates installation on a ver­
tical mast. If this adapter is used the task of aligning the sensor towards the
north needs to be performed only once. Using this adapter thus helps exclude
the risk of misalignment during operation.
The “Meteo” sensor FMA510 must be installed upright in a vertical
 position.

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 Meteo-Multi sensor FMA510

Fitting to a vertical mast

1. Undo and remove the screw cover and connect the
sensor to the mast.
2. Align the sensor so that the arrow points north. (For fur­
ther details regarding alignment, see below.)
3. Tighten the fastening bolt (3) and place the screw cover
back on.

Fitting with the aid of adapter ZB9510MA27

1. Plug the adapter (1) into the sensor; (see Figure).
2. Twist the sensor until it snaps into its locked position. 3
3. Then fit the adapter onto the mast. Ensure that the
fastening bolt (2) is sufficiently loose.
4. Align the sensor so that the arrow points
north. (For further details regarding align­
ment, see below.)
5. Tighten the fastening bolt (2), thus fitting
the adapter firmly on the mast.

To remove the sensor from the mast simply twist

 the sensor until it snaps out of the adapter. As and when the sensor
is returned to this position the task of aligning does not need to be
repeated.

Aligning the sensor to point north when fitted to a vertical mast

Underneath the sensor there is an arrow and the word "North"
1. To be able to twist the sensor the fastening bolt on the sensor or adapter
must first be loosened.
2. Using a compass find north and then twist the sensor until the arrow under­
neath points in exactly this direction.
3. Tighten the fastening bolt again. The sensor is now aligned to north and se­
cured in position.

Fitting to a horizontal bar

1. Undo and remove the screw cover .
2. Using a compass align the horizontal bar in
the north - south direction.
3. The sensor is secured in position on the ho­
rizontal bar by means of the fastening bolt
(2) and nut (1) (M6); (see Figure on the
right).

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Meteo-Multi sensor FMA510

Choosing the installation site

Installation in a field
Choosing an appropriate site is
very important in obtaining prop­
erly representative results; the
site should as far as possible re­
flect the overall weather situation
in the environment to be investig­
ated.
There must not be any buildings,
trees, etc. in the vicinity of the site
likely to cause air turbulence. In
general such an object of height
(h) will, if the mast is set up at a
distance of 10 x (h), have no sig­
nificant effect on wind measure­
ment; however, the site should al­
ways be in a free field with
minimum radius (r) of 150 meters; (see Figure).

Installation on top of a building

Mast height (h) should be at least
1.5x building height (H). If build­
ing diagonal (W) < building height
(H), the mast height (h) should be
at least 1.5x building diagonal
(W); (see Figure).

CAUTION !
 Installation of
weather station in a
the

field or on top of a high

building makes it sus­
ceptible to being struck

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 Meteo-Multi sensor FMA510

by lightning; this might result in very high voltage which the weather
transducer’s internal interference suppressor filters would be unable
to block.

Warning!
To provide protection for persons and for the device the installation
of a lightning conductor is also recommended. The top of this light­
ning conductor should be at least one meter above the Meteo
sensor. Always ensure proper grounding ! All relevant safety stipu­
lations must always be observed.
Grounding
Whether the “Meteo Multi” FMA 510 is fitted to a vertical mast or to a horizontal 3
bar it should always be well grounded.
Ground potential is provided via the locking screw (or the fastening bolts). If
the surface of your chosen grounding point has been painted over or is not
electrically conductive, a special socket and grounding set is available; (please
request as a separate option).

Grounding by means of the special socket and grounding set

If necessary a cable can be laid from
the fastening bolt to a suitable
grounding point. The installation set
comprises 1 fairly long fastening bolt,
2 nuts, 2 washers, and 1 ABIKO ring
cable terminal for the ground cable;
(see Figure).

(1) Locking screw

(2) Nut
(3) ABIKO ring cable terminal between 2 washers
The ground cable should have a cross-section of 16 mm² (AWG 5).
(This is not included in delivery.)

Routine servicing and maintenance

Weather sensor FMA510 leaves our factory adjusted and ready-to-use; it is vir­
tually maintenance-free. The only routine maintenance work required is as and
when necessary to clean the surface. Leaves and other miscellaneous dirt
particles should be removed from the rainfall sensor as and when necessary.
The sensor can be cleaned using a soft, fluff-free cloth and a little mild clean­
ing agent.

Caution!
Extreme care is required when cleaning the wind sensors. These
sensors must not under any circumstances be scratched or twisted.

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 Meteo-Multi sensor FMA510

3.4.7.1 Mobile weather station with “Meteo Multi” sensor FMA510

“Meteo -Multi” mobile tripod stand ZB9510ST

(1) “Meteo Multi” FMA510 (5) Guy line and snap shackle
(2) Arrow pointing north (6) Stand ZB9510ST
(3) Fitting adapter (snap-fit) (7) Cross-piece (holder for probe head)
(4) Fastening bolt (8) Radiation probe head FLA613

Assembly and installation site

For further details regarding assembly and the installation site for the “Meteo
Multi” sensor see Section 3.4.7, the following points:
- Choosing the installation site (Please note requirements regarding lightning
protection and grounding !)
- Fitting with the aid of adapter ZB9510MA27
- Aligning to point north
Before putting into operation ensure that the sensor has snapped
properly into its locked position in the adapter and that the fastening
bolt on the adapter has been securely tightened.

Bolt the radiation probe head (8) (an option) onto the cross-piece (7) and align
fitting to point south. If necessary fit the set of guys and anchoring fixtures (3
guy lines) in the form of a star spread at regular intervals of approximately 120
degrees.
Der mitgelieferte Abspannsatz ist ausgelegt für Montage auf Erd­
 boden. Auf hartem Untergrund (Fels, Stein, Beton o.ä.) ist für eine
geeignete Bodenverankerung zu sorgen.
Das Stativ ist für mobilen Einsatz vorgesehen, nicht für Dauerein­
satz im Freien!

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 Meteo-Multi sensor FMA510

Weather-proof housing ZB9510AG

Installing the device and routing the cables

Almemo® 2690-8 Almemo® 8590-9

(1) Socket, 230 VAC (4) Cable bushing
(2) Banana sockets, VDC output (5) On rear of housing
230 VAC connecting cable with safety plug
(3) Clamp connector, VDC input (6) Mains unit

Power supply:
- 230 VAC supply with mains unit (6): Socket (1) with connecting cable led out
and 230 VAC safety plug (5)
- DC voltage supply via external mains unit, 10 to 30 VDC, with electrically isol­
ated ALMEMO supply cable (ZA2690UK or ZB3090EK)
2 banana sockets, VDC output (2), wired to clamp connector, VDC input (3),
for customer’s on-site cable, check to ensure correct polarity
- DC voltage supply via external battery or rechargeable battery pack (not in­
cluded in delivery) 9 to 12 VDC, with ALMEMO supply cable, not electrically
isolated (ZA2690EK or ZB5090EK)
2 banana sockets, VDC output (2), wired to clamp connector, VDC input (3),
for customer’s on-site cable, check to ensure correct polarity.

Fitting the weather-proof housing on the mobile tri­

pod stand
The weather-proof housing is secured in position by
means of 2 clips on the central telescopic element; (see
Figure on the right).

ALMEMO® Manual, 9. edition 3-4-25