G.R. No.

103047 September 2, 1994 TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, petitioner, This is to certify that the names EDWIN F. CARDENAS and
vs. ANGELINA M. CASTRO who were allegedly married in the Pasay City
COURT OF APPEALS AND ANGELINA M. CASTRO, respondents. Court on June 21, 1970 under an alleged (s)upportive marriage license
no. 3196182 allegedly issued in the municipality on June 20, 1970 cannot
be located as said license no. 3196182 does not appear from our records.
Parungao, Abesamis, Eleazar & Pulgar Law Offices for private respondent.
Issued upon request of Mr. Ed Atanacio.
(Sgd) CENONA D. QUINTOS
PUNO, J.: Senior Civil Registry Officer
The case at bench originated from a petition filed by private respondent Angelina
M. Castro in the Regional Trial Court of Quezon City seeking a judicial Castro testified that she did not go to the civil registrar of Pasig on or before June
declaration of nullity of her marriage to Edwin F. Cardenas.1 As ground therefor, 24, 1970 in order to apply for a license. Neither did she sign any application
Castro claims that no marriage license was ever issued to them prior to the therefor. She affixed her signature only on the marriage contract on June 24, 1970
solemnization of their marriage. in Pasay City.

Despite notice, defendant Edwin F. Cardenas failed to file his answer. The trial court denied the petition. 2 It held that the above certification was
Consequently, he was declared in default. Trial proceeded in his absence. inadequate to establish the alleged non-issuance of a marriage license prior to the
celebration of the marriage between the parties. It ruled that the "inability of the
The controlling facts are undisputed: certifying official to locate the marriage license is not conclusive to show that
On June 24, 1970, Angelina M. Castro and Edwin F. Cardenas were married in a there was no marriage license issued."
civil ceremony performed by Judge Pablo M. Malvar, City Court Judge of Pasay Unsatisfied with the decision, Castro appealed to respondent appellate court. She
City. The marriage was celebrated without the knowledge of Castro's parents. insisted that the certification from the local civil registrar sufficiently established
Defendant Cardenas personally attended to the processing of the documents the absence of a marriage license.
required for the celebration of the marriage, including the procurement of the
marriage, license. In fact, the marriage contract itself states that marriage license As stated earlier, respondent appellate court reversed the Decision of the trial
no. 3196182 was issued in the name of the contracting parties on June 24, 1970 in court. 3 It declared the marriage between the contracting parties null and void and
Pasig, Metro Manila. directed the Civil Registrar of Pasig to cancel the subject marriage contract.

The couple did not immediately live together as husband and wife since the Hence this petition for review on certiorari.
marriage was unknown to Castro's parents. Thus, it was only in March 1971, Petitioner Republic of the Philippines urges that respondent appellate court erred
when Castro discovered she was pregnant, that the couple decided to live together. when it ruled that the certification issued by the civil registrar that marriage
However, their cohabitation lasted only for four (4) months. Thereafter, the couple license no. 3196182 was not in their record adequately proved that no such license
parted ways. On October 19, 1971, Castro gave birth. The baby was adopted by was ever issued. Petitioner also faults the respondent court for relying on the self-
Castro's brother, with the consent of Cardenas. serving and uncorroborated testimony of private respondent Castro that she had
The baby is now in the United States. Desiring to follow her daughter, Castro no part in the procurement of the subject marriage license. Petitioner thus insists
wanted to put in order her marital status before leaving for the States. She thus that the certification and the uncorroborated testimony of private respondent are
consulted a lawyer, Atty. Frumencio E. Pulgar, regarding the possible annulment insufficient to overthrow the legal presumption regarding the validity of a
of her marriage. Through her lawyer's efforts, they discovered that there was no marriage.
marriage license issued to Cardenas prior to the celebration of their marriage. Petitioner also points that in declaring the marriage between the parties as null and
As proof, Angelina Castro offered in evidence a certification from the Civil void, respondent appellate court disregarded the presumption that the solemnizing
Register of Pasig, Metro Manila. It reads: officer, Judge Pablo M. Malvar, regularly performed his duties when he attested

February 20, 1987

in the marriage contract that marriage license no. 3196182 was duly presented to The fact that private respondent Castro offered only her testimony in support of
him before the solemnization of the subject marriage. her petition is, in itself, not a ground to deny her petition. The failure to offer any
other witness to corroborate her testimony is mainly due to the peculiar
The issues, being interrelated, shall be discussed jointly. circumstances of the case. It will be remembered that the subject marriage was a
The core issue presented by the case at bench is whether or not the documentary civil ceremony performed by a judge of a city court. The subject marriage is one
and testimonial evidence presented by private respondent are sufficient to of those commonly known as a "secret marriage" — a legally non-existent phrase
establish that no marriage license was issued by the Civil Registrar of Pasig prior but ordinarily used to refer to a civil marriage celebrated without the knowledge
to the celebration of the marriage of private respondent to Edwin F. Cardenas. of the relatives and/or friends of either or both of the contracting parties. The
records show that the marriage between Castro and Cardenas was initially
We affirm the impugned Decision. unknown to the parents of the former.
At the time the subject marriage was solemnized on June 24, 1970, the law Surely, the fact that only private respondent Castro testified during the trial cannot
governing marital relations was the New Civil Code. The law 4 provides that no be held against her. Her husband, Edwin F. Cardenas, was duly served with notice
marriage shall be solemnized without a marriage license first issued by a local of the proceedings and a copy of the petition. Despite receipt thereof, he chose to
civil registrar. Being one of the essential requisites of a valid marriage, absence of ignore the same. For failure to answer, he was properly declared in default.
a license would render the marriage void ab initio. 5 Private respondent cannot be faulted for her husband's lack of interest to
Petitioner posits that the certification of the local civil registrar of due search and participate in the proceedings. There was absolutely no evidence on record to
inability to find a record or entry to the effect that marriage license no. 3196182 show that there was collusion between private respondent and her husband
was issued to the parties is not adequate to prove its non-issuance. Cardenas.

We hold otherwise. The presentation of such certification in court is sanctioned by It is noteworthy to mention that the finding of the appellate court that the marriage
Section 29, Rule 132 of the Rules of Court, viz.: between the contracting parties is null and void for lack of a marriage license does
not discount the fact that indeed, a spurious marriage license, purporting to be
Sec. 29. Proof of lack of record. — A written statement signed by an issued by the civil registrar of Pasig, may have been presented by Cardenas to the
officer having custody of an official record or by his deputy, that after solemnizing officer.
diligent search, no record or entry of a specified tenor is found to exist in
the records of his office, accompanied by a certificate as above provided, In fine, we hold that, under the circumstances of the case, the documentary and
is admissible as evidence that the records of his office contain no such testimonial evidence presented by private respondent Castro sufficiently
record or entry. established the absence of the subject marriage license.

The above Rule authorized the custodian of documents to certify that despite IN VIEW WHEREOF, the petition is DENIED there being no showing of any
diligent search, a particular document does not exist in his office or that a reversible error committed by respondent appellate court.
particular entry of a specified tenor was not to be found in a register. As SO ORDERED.
custodians of public documents, civil registrars are public officers charged with
the duty, inter alia, of maintaining a register book where they are required to enter
all applications for marriage licenses, including the names of the applicants, the
date the marriage license was issued and such other relevant data. 6
The certification of "due search and inability to find" issued by the civil registrar
of Pasig enjoys probative value, he being the officer charged under the law to
keep a record of all data relative to the issuance of a marriage license.
Unaccompanied by any circumstance of suspicion and pursuant to Section 29,
Rule 132 of the Rules of Court, a certificate of "due search and inability to find"
sufficiently proved that his office did not issue marriage license no. 3196182 to
the contracting parties.