Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

* 0 7 7 3 9 6 4 4 4 5 *

BIOLOGY 0610/33
Paper 3 Extended May/June 2015
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
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Answer all questions.

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You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 20 printed pages.

DC (NH/SW) 89827/4
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1 Fig. 1.1 shows seven different species of amphibian.

A B

C D

E F

not drawn to scale

Fig. 1.1

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(a) Use the key to identify each species. Write the letter of each species (A to G) in the correct
box beside the key. One has been done for you.

Key

1 (a) long, narrow body, with or without legs go to 2

body not long and narrow, back legs are larger than
(b) go to 5
the front legs

2 (a) body without legs Gymnopis multiplicata B

(b) body with legs which are all of the same size go to 3

3 (a) raised crest along the back of the body Triturus cristatus

(b) no crest along the back of the body go to 4

4 (a) gills present Necturus maculosus

(b) no gills present Ambystoma tigrinum

5 (a) skin is smooth go to 6

Oreophrynella
(b) skin is not smooth
quelchii
Polypedates
6 (a) digits end in swellings
leucomystax

(b) digits do not end in round swellings Rana temporaria

[3]

(b) Many amphibian species throughout the world are endangered.

Suggest three reasons why many amphibian species are endangered.

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2 ................................................................................................................................................

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3 ................................................................................................................................................

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[3]

[Total: 6]
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2 Some plants can be grown in water using the technique of hydroponics. The roots are in water and
supplied with the ions that they need at the concentrations that support maximum growth. Some
ions can be absorbed both by diffusion and by active transport.

(a) (i) State two features of diffusion that do not apply to active transport.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

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2 ........................................................................................................................................

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[2]

(ii) Explain how roots are adapted to absorb ions.

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A group of students investigated the effect of soaking small onion bulbs in different concentrations
of sodium chloride solution. They peeled off the outer papery leaves of the onion bulbs and divided
the onions into 6 batches, each with 10 onions.

The onions were surface dried with paper towels and weighed. The mean mass of the onions in
each batch was calculated. The onions were then left in sodium chloride solutions for three hours.

After three hours the students surface dried the onions and weighed them again. Their results are
given in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1

concentration of mean mass of onions / g

percentage
sodium chloride solution before after soaking change in mass
/ g dm–3 soaking for 3 hours
0 147 173 +17.7
25 153 165 +7.8
50 176 172 –2.3
100 154 149 –3.2
150 149 142 –4.7
200 183 175

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(b) (i) Calculate the percentage change in mass of the onions that were in the most concentrated
solution of sodium chloride. Show your working. Write your answer in Table 2.1.

[2]

(ii) Explain why the students calculated the percentage change in mass of the onions.

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(c) The students plotted a graph of the results as shown in Fig. 2.1.

20
percentage change in mass

15

10

0
0 50 100 150 200
–5

–10
concentration of sodium chloride solution / g dm–3

Fig. 2.1

(i) Complete the graph using your answer to (b)(i). [1]

(ii) Use the graph in Fig. 2.1 to estimate the concentration of the sodium chloride solution
that has the same water potential as the onions.

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

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(d) Using the term water potential, explain why the onions:

gained mass when soaked in dilute solutions of sodium chloride

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lost mass when soaked in concentrated solutions of sodium chloride.

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[4]

[Total: 15]

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Question 3 begins on page 8.

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3 Researchers in Michigan investigated the rate of photosynthesis in leaves of big-tooth aspen trees,
Populus grandidentata, by placing some of the growing leaves inside transparent boxes.

The researchers measured the uptake of carbon dioxide by the leaves over a range of temperatures
from 10–40 °C. They carried out their measurements at two different concentrations of carbon
dioxide:

H – 325 ppm carbon dioxide which is close to the concentration in the atmosphere;

J – 1935 ppm carbon dioxide which is a very high concentration.

The results are shown in Fig. 3.1.

30

25 J

20
uptake of
15
carbon dioxide
/ mg m–2 min–1
10
H
5

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
temperature / °C

Fig. 3.1

(a) Describe how the results for the aspen leaves in batch J differ from the results for the aspen
leaves in batch H. Use data from Fig. 3.1 in your answer.

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(b) Explain why the rate of photosynthesis in the leaves in batch J:

(i) increases with an increase in temperature from 15 °C to 35 °C

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(ii) decreases at temperatures above 35 °C.

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(c) Use the results in Fig. 3.1 to suggest and explain the likely effect on plant growth of an
increase in carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere as a result of the combustion of
fossil fuels.

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[Total: 12]

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4 The lungs and the kidneys are excretory organs of the human body.

(a) (i) Define the term excretion.

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(ii) State an excretory product that is passed out through the lungs.

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(iii) Outline the role of the liver in excretion.

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(b) Fig. 4.1 is a vertical section of the kidney.

P L

Fig. 4.1

Table 4.1 shows the functions of parts of the kidney.

Complete the table by:

• naming the part of the kidney that carries out each function
• using letters from Fig. 4.1 to identify the part of the kidney named.

One row has been completed for you.

Table 4.1

function name of part letter from Fig. 4.1

blood is filtered

concentration of urine is
medulla L
determined
urine flows to the
bladder
blood is carried into the
kidney
blood flows out of the
kidney
[4]

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(c) People with kidney disease are often treated in renal dialysis clinics. Their blood passes
through tubes lined with a special membrane for about three hours.

(i) State two waste substances that are removed from the blood by dialysis.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Kidney patients may be given a kidney transplant. State one advantage and one
disadvantage of kidney transplants compared with dialysis.

advantage ..........................................................................................................................

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disadvantage .....................................................................................................................

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[2]

[Total: 15]

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Question 5 begins on page 14.

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5 The menstrual cycle involves monthly changes in the ovary and the uterus.

(a) Fig. 5.1 shows the sequence of changes within the ovary that occur during the menstrual
cycle.

Fig. 5.1

(i) Name structures R and S.

R ........................................................................................................................................

S ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) State the name of the process that is occurring at T.

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(b) The ovary secretes hormones that control the growth and maintenance of the lining of the
uterus.

Name the hormone that stimulates:

(i) the growth of the lining of the uterus during the first half of the menstrual cycle

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) the maintenance of the lining of the uterus during the second half of the menstrual cycle.

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(c) Fig. 5.2 is an electron micrograph showing a sperm cell on the surface of an egg cell.

Fig. 5.2

(i) State three ways in which a sperm cell differs from an egg cell.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

3 ....................................................................................................................................[3]

(ii) Human body cells have 46 chromosomes. Human egg and sperm cells have
23 chromosomes each.

What term is used to describe the number of chromosomes in a gamete, such as an egg
cell or a sperm cell?

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) State the organ in which fertilisation occurs in humans.

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(iv) Describe what happens between the event shown in Fig. 5.2 and implantation in the
uterus.

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(d) Clomiphene citrate is a fertility drug that has been available for over 50 years. As part of a
fertility treatment clomiphene citrate is taken once a day (daily dose) for about five days.

Researchers investigated the use of the drug in Denmark between 1974 and 1993. The
results of their study are shown in Fig. 5.3.

1800

1600

1400

1200

total number of 1000

daily doses of
clomiphene
800
citrate per year
600

400

200

0
1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994
year

Fig. 5.3

(i) Describe the change in the use of clomiphene citrate in Denmark between 1974 and
1993. Use data from Fig. 5.3 in your answer.

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(ii) Clomiphene citrate is used as part of a treatment cycle to help women become pregnant.
Often this involves artificial insemination (AI).

Describe how a treatment cycle involving fertility drugs and AI would be carried out.

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[Total: 19]

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6 Some integrated farming systems involve making best use of all available resources without the
use of large inputs of energy in the form of fossil fuels.

A study looked at what happened to the light energy that was the major energy input to farms in
the Zhujiang delta in China. The farms are based on a dyke-pond system as shown in Fig. 6.1.

mulberry
trees

elephant
grass

vegetables
fish
phytoplankton

dyke pond

Fig. 6.1

Elephant grass, vegetables and mulberry trees are grown on the dykes in between the ponds.
The elephant grass is grown and then cut to feed the fish. Vegetables and fish are used for human
consumption. Silkworms feed on the mulberry trees. Phytoplankton are the main producers in the
pond and are eaten by the fish.

(a) (i) Explain the meaning of the term producer.

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(ii) Use the information provided in the passage on page 18 and in Fig. 6.1 to complete a
food web for the farm. Some of the producers have been drawn for you.

phytoplankton
mulberry trees vegetables
in the pond
[5]

(b) In the study the researchers discovered that the vegetables absorbed 1560 MJ m–2 per year of
light energy. The energy which was transferred from the vegetables to humans was 3 MJ m–2
per year.

Explain what happens to the energy that is absorbed by the vegetables but is not transferred
to humans.

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(c) Suggest the advantages to a farmer of including ponds stocked with fish in an integrated
farming system.

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[Total: 13]

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