Southern Inspection Services

LIQUID PENETRANT TESTING METHOD

LEVEL I QUESTIONS

1. Which one of the following conditions will affect the rate and the
extent a liquid penetrant will enter cracks, fissures, and other small
openings?
a. The hardness of the specimen being tested
b. The surface condition of the specimen being tested
c. The color of the penetrant
d. The conductivity of the specimen being tested

2. Which of the following is a commonly used classification for

penetrant?
a. Post-emulsifiable penetrant
b. Nonferrous penetrant
c. Chemical etch penetrant
d. Nonaqueous penetrant

3. A generally accepted method for removing excess non water-

washable penetrant is:
a. Repeatedly dipping the test specimen in a cleaner
b. Soaking the test specimen in hot detergent water
c. Blowing the excess penetrant off the surface of the part with
compressed air
d. Wiping and cautiously cleaning the test specimen with a cleaner-
dampened cloth

4. All of the following parts can be tested by the liquid penetrant

method except:
a. An iron casting
b. An aluminum forging
c. A part made from a porous plastic material
d. A part made from a non-porous plastic material

5. Which of the following discontinuities can be found by the penetrant

test method?
a. A surface crack
b. A subsurface crack
c. an internal inclusion
d. Non of the above

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6. Which of the following is generally the more acceptable method for

cleaning parts prior to penetrant testing?
a. Sand blasting
b. Wire brushing
c. Grinding
d. Vapor degreasing

7. All of the following methods are commonly used to clean parts prior
to penetrant testing except:
a. Vapor degreasing
b. Liquid solvent
c. Power wire brushing
d. Alkaline cleaner

8. Cutting oils may be effectively removed from parts before penetrant

testing by:
a. Pre-heating
b. Vapor degresing
c. Washing with water
d. All of the above

9. The most common type of contaminant in fluorescent penetrant fluid

is:
a. Metal filings
b. Oil
c. Detergents (from cleaning)
d. Water

10. Ultraviolet light, with a proper functioning filter in place, used for
fluorescent penetrant inspection can cause permanent damage to:
a. Human tissues
b. Human eyes
c. Human blood cells
d. None of the above

11. All of the following basic inspection principles apply to the penetrant
methods except
a. The penetrant must enter the discontinuity in order to form an
indication
b. Indication glow when illuminated with a black light
c. A longer penetration time is required for smaller discontinuities
d. If the penetrant is washed out of the discontinuity, an indication will not
be formed by that discontinuity

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12. Subsurface discontinuities can be best detected by:

a. The post-emulsification penetrant method
b. The visible dye penetrant method
c. The fluorescent, water-washable penetrant method
d. None of the above

13. Water washable penetrant may be applied by:

a. Brushing
b. Spraying
c. Dipping
d. All of the above

14. The first step in conducting a liquid penetrant test on a surface that
has been painted is to:
a. Carefully apply the penetrant over the surface
b. completely remove the paint
c. thoroughly wash the surface with a detergent
d. wire brush the surface to roughen the smooth surface coating of paint

15. When using a post-emulsification penetrant, it is necessary to apply

the emulsifier:
a. Before applying the penetrant
b. After the water wash operation
c. After the dwell time has elapsed
d. After the development time has elapsed

16. When conducting a water – washable liquid penetrant test, the wet
developer is applied:
a. Immediately after the penetrant has been applied
b. Immediately before the penetrant is applied
c. After removal of the penetrant
d. After removal of the emulsifier

17. The term used to describe the action of a particular developer in

soaking up the penetrant in a discontinuity, so as the cause the
maximum bleed-out of the liquid penetrant for increased contrast
and sensitivity, is known as:
a. Blotting
b. Capillary action
c. Concentration
d. Attraction

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18. Using a ultraviolet light lamp with a cracked filter or without he filter
in place can cause damage to human eyes because the lamp emits:
a. Black light
b. Ultraviolet light
c. Infrared light
d. None of the above

19. The term used to define the period of time in which the test part is
covered with penetrant is:
a. Waiting time
b. Soak time (drain time)
c. Penetration time (dwell time)
d. Bleed-in time

20. Usually, the most desirable method of removing excess water-

washable penetrant after the dwell time is by using:
a. A low pressure coarse water spray
b. Water and brush
c. A solid stream of water
d. Water and clean rags

21. When conducting a liquids penetrant testing using a post-

emulsifiable visible dye penetrant, the generally accepted method for
applying the wet developer is by:
a. Brushing
b. Swabbing
c. Dipping
d. Spraying

22. Which of the following characteristics does not apply to liquid

penetrant testing?
a. This method can accurately measure the depth of a crack or
discontinuity
b. This method can be used for on-site testing of large parts
c. This method can be used to find shallow surface discontinuities
d. This method can be made more or less sensitive by using different
penetrant materials

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23. Which of the following discontinuities is most likely to be missed

due to improper rinse techniques?
a. A forging lap
b. Deep pitting
c. Shallow and broad discontinuities
d. The rinse technique will not affect the detection of discontinuities

24. When conducting a fluorescent penetrant test, a commonly used

technique for assuring that the excess penetrant has been removed
prior to the application of a developer is to:
a. Blow compressed air over the surface
b. Chemically etch the surface
c. Blot the surface with absorbent paper
d. Scan the surface with a black light

25. Which of the following surface conditions could have a detrimental

effect on a liquid penetrant test?
a. A wet surface
b. A rough weld
c. An oily surface
d. All of the above

26. Liquid penetrant testing is capable of detecting:

a. Intergranular stress corrosion cracking discontinuities
b. Discontinuities open to the surface
c. Subsurface discontinuities

27. Ultraviolet light equipment is required when penetrant testing by:

a. The fluorescent penetrant method
b. The visible dye penetrant method
c. The non-fluorescent penetrant method
d. All of the above

28. The term used to define the tendency of certain liquids to penetrate
into small openings such as cracks or fissures is:
a. Saturation
b. Capillary action
c. Blotting
d. Wetting agent

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29. Excess penetrant (all penetrant except that which is in

iscontinuities) is removed from the specimen:
a. After the required penetrant dwell time has elapsed
b. Before the application of an emulsifier if a post-emulsifier penetrant is
used
c. By means of a steam cleaner
d. Only when water-washable penetrants are used

30. When using a post-emulsifiable penetrant, the emulsifier time should

be:
a. As long as the penetrant dwell time
b. Half the penetrant dwell time
c. The same as the developer time
d. Only as long as necessary to remove the interfering background

31. When an inspector is working in a darkened area, he/she should

become adjusted to the dark before inspecting parts. The generally
accepted time period for becoming accustomed to the dark is:
a. 1 minute
b. 5 to 10 minutes
c. 10 to 15 minutes
d. no waiting period is necessary

32. When applying penetrant by dipping, heating the penetrant prior to

dipping
a. Will increase the sensitivity of the test
b. Will increase the capillary action of the penetrant
c. Will increase the stability of the penetrant
d. Is not generally recommended

33. Liquid penetrant inspection cannot find:

a. Surface porosity
b. Surface cracks
c. An internal cavity
d. A surface forging lap

34. All of the following materials can be tested by the usual liquid
penetrant tests except:
a. Unglazed porous ceramic
b. Titanium
c. High alloy steel
d. Cast iron

35. Liquid penetrant testing can be used to detect:

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a. Discontinuities 1.6 mm (0.06 in.) below the surface

b. Internal discontinuities
c. Discontinuities open to the surface
d. All discontinuities

36. Which of the following are commonly accepted methods for applying
penetrant?
a. Dipping the part in penetrant (dipping)
b. Pouring the penetrant over the test specimen (flowing)
c. Spraying the penetrant on the test specimen (spraying)
d. All of the above

37. A solvent used to clean the surface of a test specimen must possess
all of the following characteristics except that the:
a. Cleaner must be capable of dissolving oils and greases commonly
found on the surface
b. Cleaner must not be flammable
c. Cleaner must be free of contaminants
d. Cleaner must leave a minimal residue on the surface

38. Which of the statements below best states the danger of

sandblasting (without subsequent chemical etching) for cleaning
surfaces to be penetrant tested?
a. The discontinuities may be peened over and closed
b. Oil contaminants might be sealed in the discontinuities
c. The sand used in the sandblasting operation may be forced into the
discontinuity
d. The sandblasting operation may introduce discontinuities

39. The penetrant applied to the surface of a test specimen:

a. Seeps into discontinuities
b. Is absorbed by discontinuities
c. Is drawn into discontinuities by capillary action
d. Is drawn into discontinuities by gravity

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40. Which of the following statements concerning liquid penetrant

testing is correct?
a. Fluorescent penetrants will produce red against whit discontinuity
indications
b. Nonfluorescent penetrants require the used of black lights
c. Fluorescent indications will be seen when exposed to black light
d. Nonfluorescent discontinuities glow in the dark for easy view in and
interpretation

41. When removing excess penetrant from the surface of a test

specimen:
a. The penetrant removal operation must not remove the penetrant from
discontinuities
b. Sufficient excess penetrant must be removed to eliminate an
interfering background
c. The used of a solvent-dampened cloth is a common method of
penetrant removal
d. All of the above

42. The most widely accepted method for removing excessive water-
washable penetrant from the surface of a test specimen is by:
a. Using a wet rag
b. Using a water spray rinse
c. Washing the part directly under water running from a tap
d. Immersing the part in water

43. The final inspection of a test specimen for discontinuities should

take place:
a. Immediately after the developer has been applied
b. Any time after the developer has been applied
c. After the developer has been on the test specimen for the proper
development time
d. Immediately after the rinse operation

44. Which of the following is an advantage of visible dye penetrants over

fluorescent penetrants?
a. Visible dye penetrants do not require black light
b. Visible dye penetrant are more sensitive than fluorescent penetrants
c. Visible dye penetrants are superior in penetrating characteristics
d. Visible dye penetrant are not toxic while fluorescent penetrants are
toxic

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45. The terms “dry,” “aqueous wet,” and “nonaqueous wet” are used to
describe three different types of:
a. Emulsifiers
b. Cleaners
c. Developers
d. Penetrants

46. Which of the following is not a generally accepted method for

applying penetrants?
a. Rubbing the penetrant over the surface
b. Brushing the penetrant on the part
c. Spraying the penetrant on the part
d. Dipping the part in the penetrant

47. Which of the following is the most commonly used method for
removing nonwater-washable visible dye penetrant from the surface
of a test specimen?
a. Dipping in a solvent
b. spraying
c. Hand wiping
d. Blowing

48. Which of the following is an acceptable method for applying wet

developers?
a. Application with a soft brush
b. Application with a hand powder bulb
c. Rubbing with a saturated cloth
d. Spraying or dipping

49. When using solvent-removable penetrants, the excess penetrant may

be removed by:
a. Dipping the part in solvent spraying the part with water and a solvent
b. Rubbing the part with a wet rag
c. Wiping the part with a rag or cloth that has been dampened with
solvent

50. While conducting a penetrant test, all of the following health

precautions should be applied except:
a. Keeping the work area clean
b. Washing any penetrant from skin with soap and water as soon as
possible
c. Keeping penetrant off clothes
d. Washing any excess penetrant from skin using gasoline

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51. Which of the following surface contaminants cannot be removed by

cleaning parts in a vapor degreaser?
a. Grease
b. Rust
c. Heavy oil
d. Soluble oil

52. Before conducting a liquid penetrant test, it is important to ensure

that he surface of the part is free of:
a. Oil or grease
b. Acids oil chromates
c. Traces of water
d. All of the above

53. When performing a penetrant test using a post-emulsification

penetrant, which of the following is the most critical with respect to
proper timing?
a. Dwell time
b. Developing time
c. Emulsification time
d. Drying time

54. Which of the following is the most likely result of an excessive

emulsification time when penetrant testing with post-emulsification
penetrants?
a. A large number of nonrelevant indications could appear on the part
b. Shallow discontinuity indications could be lost
c. Excess penetrant could remain after the wash operation
d. The emulsifier could harden, preventing the developer from blotting the
penetrant in discontinuities

55. In penetrant testing, developers should be able to perform all of the

following functions except:
a. Blotting penetrant from discontinuities
b. Aiding in providing an image of a discontinuity
c. Adding fluorescence to penetrants
d. Helping control bleedout

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56. Which of the following is the primary limitation of liquid penetrant

testing?
a. Penetrant testing cannot be used on ferromagnetic material
b. Penetrant testing cannot locate shallow surface discontinuities
c. Penetrant testing cannot be used on non-metallic surfaces
d. Penetrant testing cannot locate subsurface discontinuities

57. In penetrant testing, the time period from developer application to

inspection is often referred to as the:
a. Emulsification time
b. Development time
c. Dwell time
d. None of the above

58. Liquid penetrant testing is a nondestructive test that can be used for:
a. Locating and evaluating all types of discontinuities in a test specimen
b. Locating and determining the length, width, and depth of discontinuities
in a test specimen
c. Determining the tensile strength of a test specimen
d. Locating discontinuities open to the surface

59. When conducting a penetrant test using fluorescent penetrant, black

light equipment is required to:
a. Cause the penetrant to fluoresce
b. Aid the normal capillary action characteristics of a penetrant
c. Neutralize excess penetrant on the surface
d. Decrease the surface tension of the part

60. The method used to remove excess visible dye penetrant from a test
specimen is primarily determined by:
a. The surface roughness of the specimen
b. The type of material being tested
c. The length of penetration time
d. All of the above

61. Which of the following is a type of developer used in penetrant

inspection?
a. Dry
b. Aqueous particulate
c. Non-aqueous particulate
d. Water-soluble
e. All of the above

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62. When penetrant testing parts, the temperature of the parts should be
near room temperature. If the part is at a low temperature when
tested, the:
a. Penetrant may become viscous
b. Penetrant may evaporate very rapidly color intensity of the penetrant
will decrease
c. Penetrant will tend to adhere to the surface of the part

63. If a part to be penetrant tested is first heated to a high temperature,

the penetrant:
a. May become viscous
b. May “flash” or evaporate very rapidly
c. May lose some of its color brilliance
d. Will better show discontinuities

64. Penetrants may be classified or subdivided by the method used to

remove excess penetrant. Which of the following is a proper
classification in accordance with this statement?
a. Nonsolvent-removable
b. Vapor-degreased
c. Brush-removable
d. Water-washable

65. The problem with retesting a test specimen hat has been previously
tested using liquid penetrant is that:
a. The penetrant may form beads on the surface
b. The dried penetrant residue left in discontinuities may not readily
dissolve and the retest may be misleading
c. The penetrant will lose a great deal of its color brilliance
d. None of the above are correct statements

66. Which f the following conditions will decrease the life of a black light
bulb?
a. Line voltage fluctuations
b. Dust on the face of the bulb
c. Changes in room temperature
d. All of the above

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67. Which of the following statements does not apply to developers used
during penetrant testing?
a. Developers are normally highly fluorescent
b. Developers often furnish a contrasting background during inspection
c. Developers absorb or blot the penetrant that remains in discontinuities
after the rinse operation has been completed
d. Developers may be either wet or dry

68. Which of the following statements is true?

a. Sandblasting is a generally accepted method for cleaning a surface
that is to be penetrant tested
b. Parts should be hearted prior to the application of a penetrant
c. If the dryer is too high, the heat may degrade the effectiveness of the
penetrant
d. Development time should be at least twice the penetration time

69. When using a wet developer:

a. A thick layer of developer is better than a thin layer for showing very
fine cracks
b. Compressed air should be used to remove excess developer
c. A black developer will show better contrast than a white developer
d. A thin layer of developer is better than a thick layer for showing very
fine cracks

70. Which of the following statements is false?

a. Sandblasting is not a recommended method for preparing for a
penetrant test
b. it is not necessary to remove a film of oil from a part prior to penetrant
testing because the penetrant is basically an oil
c. vapor degreasing is a very good method for removing oil from the
surface of the part to be penetrant tested
d. a voltage regulator should be used with a black light if the line voltage
fluctuates

71. A red against white background discontinuity image is most likely to

be seen when:
a. Dry developers are used
b. Visible dye penetrants are used
c. Fluorescent post-emulsification penetrants are used
d. Wet developers are used

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72. Which of the following can be removed from the surface of a test
specimen by vapor degreasing?
a. Oil
b. Paint
c. Phosphate coatings
d. Oxides

73. The purpose for using a developer on a test specimen is to:

a. Promote penetration of the penetrant
b. Absorb emulsifier residues
c. Absorb penetrant from discontinuities and to provide a contrasting
background
d. Help to dry the surface for better observation

74. Which one of the following statements is an incorrect use of crack

panels (blocks)?
a. To establish a standard size of crack that can be reproduced as
needed
b. To determine the relative sensitivities of two different penetrants
c. To determine if a penetrant has lost or has reduced brilliance on
fluorescent penetrants because of contamination
d. To determine the degree or method of cleaning necessary to remove
penetrant on the surface without removing it from the cracks

75. Which of the following is generally accepted as the most important

precaution when using water-washable penetrants?
a. Be sure that the part is washed thoroughly during the rinse operation
b. Be sure that the recommended dwell time is not exceeded
c. Avoid over-rinsing the part
d. Avoid over-application of emulsifier

76. Which of the following is generally accepted as the most important

precaution when using solvent removable penetrants?
a. Do not apply an excessive amount of emulsifier
b. Do not apply an excessive amount of solvent
c. Do not use an insufficient rinse pressure
d. Be sure to use a black light to determine if the excess penetrant has
been rinsed away

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77. Insufficient rinsing of fluorescent penetrants will result in:

a. Subsequent corrosion of the surface
b. Difficulty in the application of developer
c. Excessive bleed-out
d. Excessive background fluorescence

78. Which of the following safety precautions does not apply when
handling penetrant materials?
a. Prolonged contact of penetrant with skin should be skin irritation
b. Excessive amounts of developer powders should not be inhaled
c. Air-line respirators and complete protective clothing must be worn at all
times
d. Because the solvents sued with the visible penetrant process are
flammable, this material should be kept away from open flames

79. How long must a part be kept wet with penetrant before the removal
process is started?
a. It varies depending on the type of penetrant used, the type of material
to be tested, the sensitivity desired, and the type of discontinuities to
be detected
b. Since the penetrant will penetrate a discontinuity of any size in a
matter of seconds, the removal process should start as soon as
possible after the penetrant has been applied
c. 3 minutes
d. 10 minutes

80. Which of the following factors will affect resolution of penetrant

indications?
a. The sensitivity of the penetrant material used
b. The surface condition of the part
c. The temperature of the part and or/penetrant
d. All of the above

81. A serious loss of water in a wet developer mix or an excessive over-

concentration of develop powder can cause:
a. A loss of fluorescence during the inspection operation
b. Nonrelevant indications
c. Cracking of the developer coating during the drying operation
d. None of the above

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82. What could happen if a person looks directly into a black light?
a. It will cause permanent damage to the eyes
b. It will possibly cloud the vision of the person looking into the light for a
short period of time
c. It will cause temporary total blindness
d. None of the above

83. When using dry developer, the drying operation is performed:

a. Immediately after removal of excess penetrant
b. before the inspection step
c. thoroughly
d. all of the above

84. The failure to completely remove acid materials from a part before
fluorescent penetrant is applied will result in:
a. A decrease in the fluorescence of the penetrant
b. A need to double the penetrating time
c. A permanent stain on the part
d. All of the above

85. Water washable Penetrant is applied to a part by dipping. The part is

then placed on a rack while the penetrant seeps into discontinuities.
If the penetration time is too long, it will be difficult to rinse the
penetrant from the part, If this happens, the normal rinsing
properties can be restored by:
a. Chilling the part to a temperature of 4 ºC (40 ºF)
b. Heating the part to a temperature of 54 ºC (130 ºF)
c. Redipping the part
d. Applying a wet developer before attempting to rinse the part

86. When drying parts during a penetrant test, the parts:

a. Are normally dried at room temperature
b. Are normally dried by a circulating hot-air dryer
c. Should be dried in an oven set at a temperature of 54 ºC (130 ºF)
d. Should be dried by cool forced air

87. The contamination of a water-washable penetrant with an excessive

amount of water will:
a. Reduce the penetrating quality of the penetrant
b. Adversely affect the washability of the penetrant
c. Both a and b are correct
d. Neither a nor b are correct

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88. Which of the following penetrant methods requires a source of

electricity?
a. The water-washable fluorescent penetrant method
b. The post-emulsification fluorescent penetrant method
c. The visible dye penetrant method
d. None of the above

89. When using a fluorescent penetrant, the actual inspection must be

performed:
a. In a brightly lighted room
b. With the part at a temperature between 10 and 79 ºC (125 and 175 ºF)
c. Immediately after the developer has been applied
d. In a darkened area under a black light

90. Which of the following penetrants can be used when inspection must
take place under ordinary lighting conditions?
a. Visible dye penetrant
b. Water-washable fluorescent penetrant
c. Post-emulsification fluorescent penetrant
d. Any of the above

91. All of the following materials can be effectively tested with liquid
penetrant except:
a. Aluminum
b. Unglazed ceramics
c. Glass
d. Magnesium

92. Which of the following is a disadvantage of using the liquid

penetrant testing method?
a. The liquid penetrant test method is adaptable to production inspection
of small parts
b. Liquid penetrant testing can locate fine cracks
c. The liquid penetrant test method is a relatively simple test method
d. The liquid penetrant test method is effective at any temperature

93. A good penetrant must do all of the following except:

a. Be able to readily penetrate very fine openings
b. Evaporate very rapidly
c. Be able to remain in relatively coarse openings
d. Be easily removed from the surface after testing

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94. Which of the following is not a property of a developer used in liquid

penetrant testing?
a. The material must be absorbent
b. The material must form a thin and uniform coating over a surface
c. The material must be fluorescent if used with fluorescent penetrants
d. The material must not contain ingredients harmful or toxic to the
operator

95. Developer coasting of excessive thickness:

a. May obscure indications
b. May be beneficial while observing small indications for fluorescent
penetrants
c. May be beneficial while observing small indications for visible
penetrants
d. Do not effect the inspection.

96. Color-contrast penetrants are commercially available in which of the

following variations?
a. Normal solvent clean type
b. Water-wash type
c. Post-emulsification type
d. All of the above

97. Which of the following could be a source of false indications on test

specimen?
a. Penetrant on the test table
b. Penetrant on the hands of the inspector
c. Contamination of dry or wet developer with penetrant
d. All of the above

98. Cleaning of the part prior to penetrant inspection is:

a. Not required
b. Important because if the part is not clean, the developer cannot be
improperly applied
c. Essential because surface contaminants may prevent penetrant from
gaining access to discontinuities
d. Required to eliminate possibility of showing nonrelevant indications

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99. When suing fluorescent water-washable penetrant, adequate rinsing

of the part is assured by:
a. Timing of rinse cycle
b. Scrubbing of part surface
c. Rinsing under black light
d. Using high pressure air with water

100. What can happen if a part processed by visible dye penetrant

inspection is reprocessed by the fluorescent penetrant method?
a. Developer may remain on the surface causing background
b. Most visible dyes kill fluorescence
c. Penetrants are not compatible
d. Interpretation will be difficult

101. A suitable filter must be used at all times over a black light bulb
because
a. Too much whit light will be present if the filter is not in place
b. The human eye may be damaged without it
c. The filter filters out undesired wavelengths
d. All of the above

102. A good commercial penetrant should have a:

a. Low flash point
b. Bight flash point
c. Medium flash point
d. Flash point is not a factor to be considered

103. A material that is applied over the film of the penetrant on the surface
of a part, mixes with the penetrant, and enables the penetrant to be
washed off the surface is called:
a. An emulsifier
b. A penetrant
c. A developer
d. An isomer

104. The time allowed for the penetrant to enter discontinuities that may
be present is the:
a. Emulsification time
b. Application time
c. Penetration time
d. Drain time

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105. Which of the following penetrant systems is generally considered to

be the least sensitive?
a. Water-washable – visible dye
b. Solvent removable – visible dye
c. Water-washable – fluorescent dye
d. Post-emulsification – visible dye

106. The best choice of a developer for use on a very smooth surface
when using a fluorescent penetrant would be:
a. dry – fluffy
b. dry – regular
c. wet
d. none of the above

107. The purpose of an emulsifier is to:

a. Combine with penetrant to make the resultant mixture removable by
water rinse
b. Assist the blotting action of the developer
c. increase the penetration of the penetrant into fine discontinuities
d. eliminate false indications

108. Developer assists in the detection of liquid penetrant indications by:

a. Providing a clean surface
b. Providing a contrasting background
c. Providing a dry surface
d. Emulsifying the penetrant

109. Liquid penetrant examination can detect all of the following types of
discontinuities except:
a. A forging lap
b. A seam
c. A surface crack
d. Subsurface porosity

110. What is the most universally used black light?

a. Incandescent lamps
b. Metallic carbon arcs
c. Tubular “BL” fluorescent lamps
d. Enclosed mercury – vapor are lamps

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111. Which of the following processes would be most sensitive to

detecting very fine defects?
a. Oil-and-whiting process
b. Water-washable fluorescent process
c. Post-emulsification process
d. Water-emulsifiable visible dye penetrant process

112. When using the post-emulsification fluorescent process, which of

the following methods cannot be used?
a. Dipping the part in the emulsifier
b. Spraying the part with emulsifier
c. Pouring emulsifier over the part
d. Brushing emulsifier on the part

113. Which of the following would be the most desirable center

wavelength for the output of the light source used in fluorescent
processes?
a. 3200 A (320 nm)
b. 3650 A (365 nm)
c. 5200 A (1520 nm)
d. 5650 A (565 nm)

114. Bleed-out of penetrant from a cold shut is an example of:

a. A false indication
b. A nonrelevant indication
c. A true indication
d. None of the above

115. Liquid penetrants become sluggish and lose sensitivity at

temperatures:
a. Above 38 ºC (100 ºF)
b. Between 10 and 38 ºC (50 and 100 ºF)
c. Below 10 ºC (50 ºF)
d. Below 21 ºC (70 ºF)

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116. Why is it possible to flush a surface with a coarse water spray to

which a water-washable penetrant was applied, remove the
excessive penetrant, and not remove the penetrant that is in the
defects?
a. The liquid will not wash the penetrant from the defects because the
penetrant has to be drawn out by the developer
b. The nature of a water-washable penetrant is such that water will not
dissolve the penetrant; it has to push the penetrant off the surface,
which is why a spray is used
c. The water droplets are relatively large and will not enter most defect
openings
d. A water spray should not be used; the penetrant should be removed by
a cloth dampened with water

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LIQUID PENETRANT TESTING METHOD

LEVEL I QUESTIONS ANSWERS

Q.NO. ANS Q.NO. ANS Q.NO. ANS Q.NO. ANS

1 B 31 A 61 E 91 B
2 A 32 D 62 A 92 D
3 D 33 C 63 D 93 B
4 C 34 A 64 D 94 C
5 A 35 C 65 D 95 A
6 D 36 D 66 A 96 D
7 C 37 B 67 A 97 D
8 B 38 A 68 C 98 C
9 D 39 C 69 D 99 C
10 D 40 C 70 B 100 B
11 B 41 D 71 B 101 D
12 D 42 B 72 A 102 B
13 D 43 C 73 C 103 A
14 B 44 A 74 A 104 C
15 C 45 C 75 C 105 D
16 C 46 A 76 B 106 A
17 A 47 C 77 D 107 A
18 B 48 D 78 C 108 B
19 C 49 D 79 A 109 D
20 A 50 D 80 D 110 D
21 D 51 B 81 C 111 C
22 A 52 D 82 B 112 D
23 C 53 C 83 D 113 B
24 D 54 B 84 A 114 C
25 D 55 C 85 C 115 C
26 B 56 D 86 B 116 C
27 A 57 B 87 C
28 B 58 D 88 C
29 A 59 A 89 D
30 D 60 A 90 A

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