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Abortion is the ending of a pregnancy by removal or expulsion of an embryo or fetus before it

can survive outside the uterus.[note 1] An abortion that occurs without intervention is known as
a miscarriage or spontaneous abortion. When deliberate steps are taken to end a pregnancy, it is called
an induced abortion, or less frequently "induced miscarriage". The unmodified word abortion generally
refers to an induced abortion.[1][2] A similar procedure after the fetus has potential to survive outside
the womb is known as a "late termination of pregnancy" or less accurately as a "late term abortion".[3]

When properly done, abortion is one of the safest procedures in medicine,[4][5] but unsafe abortion is a
major cause of maternal death, especially in the developing world.[6] Making safe abortion legal and
accessible reduces maternal deaths.[7][8] It is safer than childbirth, which has a 14 times higher risk of
death in the United States.[9] Modern methods use medication or surgery for abortions.[10] The
drug mifepristone in combination with prostaglandin appears to be as safe and effective as surgery
during the first and second trimester of pregnancy.[10][11] The most common surgical technique involves
dilating the cervix and using a suction device.[12] Birth control, such as the pill or intrauterine devices, can
be used immediately following abortion.[11] When performed legally and safely on a woman who desires
it, induced abortions do not increase the risk of long-term mental or physical problems.[13] In
contrast, unsafe abortions (those performed by unskilled individuals, with hazardous equipment, or in
unsanitary facilities) cause 47,000 deaths and 5 million hospital admissions each year.[13][14] The World
Health Organization recommends safe and legal abortions be available to all women.[15]

Around 56 million abortions are performed each year in the world,[16] with about 45% done
unsafely.[17] Abortion rates changed little between 2003 and 2008,[18] before which they decreased for at
least two decades as access to family planning and birth control increased.[19] As of 2008, 40% of the
world's women had access to legal abortions without limits as to reason.[20] Countries that permit
abortions have different limits on how late in pregnancy abortion is allowed.[20]

Historically, abortions have been attempted using herbal medicines, sharp tools, forceful massage, or
through other traditional methods.[21] Abortion laws and cultural or religious views of abortions are
different around the world. In some areas abortion is legal only in specific cases such as rape, problems
with the fetus, poverty, risk to a woman's health, or incest.[22] There is debate over the moral, ethical,
and legal issues of abortion.[23][24] Those who oppose abortion often argue that an embryo or fetus is a
human with a right to life, and they may compare abortion to murder.[25][26] Those who support the
legality of abortion often hold that it is part of a woman's right to make decisions about her own
body.[27]Others favor legal and accessible abortion as a public health measure.[28]

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