Lesson Plan 4

Lesson Plan
In
TLE-8 (Household Services 8)
I. Objectives
A. Content Standard
The Level demonstrate on understanding about Philippine OHS Standards.
B. Performance Standard
1. The learners shall be able to determined the effects of hazards.
2. OHS issues and concerns are identified in accordance with workplace
requirements and relevant workplace OHS legislation.
3. Identified the different hazards.
C. Learning Competencies
Identify/ Evaluate Hazards and Risks.
1.1.a. Present the different types of hazards.
11.b. identify the different types of hazards.
II. Content
 Philippine Occupationsl Health and Safety Standards
 Coverage Services
 Hazards and Risk and its Effects
 Types of hazards
 Effects of hazards in workplace
III. Learning Resources
Reference:K-12 TLE Learning Module Household Services exploratory course
Grade 7 & 8.
Instructional Resources: Loptop, Projector for Powerpoint Presentation.
IV. Procedure
Pre-Activity
Motivation: Physical Exercise
Review: Define Occupational Safety and Health Service
Activity:
Short Video Clip on different workplace.
Analysis:
1. What is the video all about?
2. Enumerate different workplace presented in the video.
3. What would be possible accident might happen to the workers?
4. In order to avoid accident in the workplace, what should be employer’s and
workers do?
Abstraction:
PHILIPPINE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY STANDARDS
Occupational Safety and Health is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with
protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work. The goal of all
occupational safety and health programs is to foster a safe work environment. As a
secondary effect, it may also protect co-workers, family members, employers,
customers, suppliers, nearby communities, and other members of the public who are
impacted by the workplace environment. It may involve interactions among many
subject areas, including medicine, occupational well-being, public health, safety
engineering / industrial engineering, chemistry, health physics and others. The
Occupation Safety and Health Center in the country is established by Executive order
No. 307. The implementing rules and regulations are issued by the Employees
Compensation Commission (ECC). These Implementing Rules and Regulations are
issued pursuant to the authority of the Employees Compensation Commission (ECC)
under Section 8 of Executive Order No. 307 establishing the Occupational Safety and
Health Center (OSHC).
The main objectives of the OSC are follows:
1. prevent, eliminate or reduce work-related injuries, illnesses and deaths
2. implement effectively occupational health and safety programs that will promote the
health, efficiency and general well-being of the Filipino workers through the
improvement of the quality of his working life that will enhance significantly the
productivity of industries and business
3. maintain an expert intelligence and training center for industrial disease and
occupational safety
Coverage of Services
The Services of the Occupational Safety and Health Center (OSHC) covers the
preventive (primary, secondary, tertiary prevention) aspects of occupational safety and
health in every workplace, public or private.
The Center undertakes studies and research in all aspect of occupational safety
and health. It focuses and studies:
1. To prevent and reduce occupational and work-related injuries and illnesses;
2. To continuously review and support the updating of the list of occupational illnesses
as prescribed in PD 626, Employees’ Compensation and State Insurance Fund; and
3. To aid standard setting and enforcement of OSH Standards.
II. HAZARDS AND RISKS AND ITS EFFECTS
A hazard is a situation that poses a level of threat to life, health, property, or

environment. Most hazards are dormant or potential, with only a theoretical risk of
harm. However, once a hazard becomes "active", it can create an emergency situation.
A hazard does not exist when it is not happening. A hazardous situation that has come
to pass is called an incident. Hazard and vulnerability interact together to create risk.
Hazards are sometimes classified into three modes:

Dormant - The situation has the potential to be hazardous, but no people, property,
or environment is currently affected by this. For instance, a hillside may be unstable,
with the potential for a landslide, but there is nothing below or on the hillside that could
be affected.
Armed - People, property, or environment are in potential harm's way.
Active - A harmful incident involving the hazard has actually occurred. Often this is
referred to not as an "active hazard" but as an accident, emergency, incident, or
disaster.
TYPES OF HAZARDS
1. Biological - A biological hazard is one originating from an organism that is foreign

(in presence or concentration) to the organism being affected. Many biological hazards
are associated with food, including certain viruses, parasites, fungi, bacteria, and plant
and seafood toxins. Pathogenic Campylobacter and Salmonella are common food borne
biological hazards. The hazards from these bacteria can be avoided through risk
mitigation steps such as proper handling, storing, and cooking of food. Disease in
humans can come from biological hazards in the form of infection by bacteria, viruses,
or parasites.
2. Chemical - A chemical can be considered a hazard if by virtue of its intrinsic
properties can cause harm or danger to humans, property, or the environment. Some
chemicals occur naturally in certain geological formations, such as radon gas or arsenic.
Other chemicals include products with commercial uses, such as agricultural and
industrial chemicals, as well as products developed for home use. Pesticides, which are
normally used to control unwanted insects and plants, may cause a variety of negative
effects on non-target organisms.
3. Mechanical - A mechanical hazard is any hazard involving a machine or process.
Motor vehicles, aircraft, and air bags pose mechanical hazards. Compressed gases or
liquids can also be considered a mechanical hazard.
4. Physical - A physical hazard is a naturally occurring process that has the potential to
create loss or damage. Physical hazards include, but are not limited to, earthquakes,
floods, and tornadoes. Physical hazards often have both human and natural elements.
Flood problems can be affected by climate fluctuations and storm frequency, both
natural elements, and by land drainage and building in a flood plain, human elements.
Another physical hazard, X-rays, are naturally occurring from solar radiation, but have
been utilized by humans for medical purposes; however, overexposure can lead to
cancer, skin burns, and tissue damage.
5. Ergonomic - It is a physical factor within the environment that harms the
musculoskeletal system. Ergonomic hazards include uncomfortable workstation height
and poor body positioning. Ergonomic hazards are caused by poorly designed
workplaces or processes. Examples are poor lighting, or a job that requires you to
repeat the same movement over and over. An office receptionist that has to type an
abundant amount of documents may be affected by ergonomic hazards. If she/he is not
seated they will have back pain, neck pain, bad eye sight and leg cramps.
Effect of Hazards in Workplace
1. Mechanical Hazards
The severity of the injury depends on mostly how the accident happens like slips, falls
and entanglement. It is the responsibility of the company to make sure all risks are
minimized.
2. Chemical Hazards
Everywhere around us see chemical and mixture of chemicals. Some chemicals are
acidic while some are extremely volatile. The workplace health risks involved any
particular chemical is hard to determine without first knowing what exactly the chemical
is and what environment it is in.
3. Biological Hazards
Viruses, diseases and other forms of sickness and biological hazards are the hardest to
manage when it comes to the workplace. The most common areas of transmitting
disease are in public areas and at work so workplace health is seriously threatened by
biological hazards. One more reason why biological hazards are hard to manage is their
ability to travel from place to place.
Generalization:
Let the students define the meaning of Occupational Safety and Health. Enumerate the
types of hazards. Give examples of every types of hazards.
Application:
Picture gallery:
Classify and describe the following pictures as to the types of hazard-Biological,
Chemical,Mechanical,Physical and Ergonomic.
Evaluation:
MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE
Directions: Tell whether the following sentences are true or false. If false, supply the
correct word.
1. A hazard is a condition that poses a level of threat to life, health, property, or
environment.
2. The situation has the potential to be hazardous, but no people, property, or
environment is currently affected by this is categorized active hazard.
3. For every company, all job descriptions must have occupational hazards.
4. Accident prone areas should have signs that warn people.
5. Risk is defined as the probability that exposure to a hazard will lead to a positive
consequence.
6. All chemicals are hazardous to man.
7. Ergonomics hazards include earthquakes, floods, and tornadoes.
8. Ergonomics is a physical factor within the environment that harms the
musculoskeletal system.
9. Compressed gases or liquids can also be considered a mechanical hazard.
10. Pesticides are normally used to control unwanted insects and plants may cause a
variety of negative effects on non-target organisms.
11. A hazardous situation that has come to pass is called an accident.
12. Regular medical checkups that will monitor the employees’ health can also prevent
the transfer of diseases between employees.
13. A biological hazard is one originating from an organ that is foreign to the organism
being affected.
14. Motor vehicles, aircraft, and air bags pose mechanical hazards.
15. Removing occupational hazards is only one way of improving worker protection.
Assignment:
Research the meaning of the following:
1. Clean Air Act
2. Waste management
3. Waste

Lesson Plan 4

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What are the objectives of occupational safety and health?

What are the different types of hazards discussed?

Lesson Plan

II. HAZARDS AND RISKS AND ITS EFFECTS

A hazard is a situation that poses a level of threat to life, health, property, or

Hazards are sometimes classified into three modes:

1. Biological - A biological hazard is one originating from an organism that is foreign

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