le Past

 Menu
 Verb Tense Intro.
 Types of Verbs
 Active/Passive
 Simple Present
 Present Continuous
 Simple Past
 Past Continuous
 Present Perfect
 Present Perf. Cont.
 Past Perfect
 Past Perfect Cont.
 Simple Future
 Future Continuous
 Future Perfect
 Future Perfect Cont.
 Used to
 Would Always
 Future in the Past


Simple Past
f t g+ p

The simple past (also called past simple, past indefinite or preterite) is a verb tense which is used
to show that a completed action took place at a specific time in the past. The simple past is also
frequently used to talk about past habits and generalizations. Read on for detailed descriptions,
examples, and simple past exercises.

Simple Past Forms

The simple past is formed using the verb + ed. In addition, there are many verbs with irregular
past forms. Questions are made with did and negative forms are made with did not.

 Statement: You called Debbie.

 Question: Did you call Debbie?
 Negative: You did not call Debbie.

Complete List of Simple Past Forms

Simple Past Uses

USE 1 Completed Action in the Past

Use the simple past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the
past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one
specific time in mind.

Examples:

 I saw a movie yesterday.

 I didn't see a play yesterday.
 Last year, I traveled to Japan.
 Last year, I didn't travel to Korea.
 Did you have dinner last night?
 She washed her car.
 He didn't wash his car.

USE 2 A Series of Completed Actions

We use the simple past to list a series of completed actions in the past. These actions happen 1st,
2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.

Examples:

 I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
 He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at
10:00.
 Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then add the eggs?

USE 3 Duration in the Past

The simple past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is a
longer action often indicated by expressions such as: for two years, for five minutes, all day, all
year, etc.

Examples:
  I lived in Brazil for two years.
 Shauna studied Japanese for five years.
 They sat at the beach all day.
 They did not stay at the party the entire time.
 We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.
 A: How long did you wait for them?
B: We waited for one hour.

USE 4 Habits in the Past

The simple past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It can have the
same meaning as "used to." To make it clear that we are talking about a habit, we often add
expressions such as: always, often, usually, never, when I was a child, when I was younger, etc.

Examples:

 I studied French when I was a child.

 He played the violin.
 He didn't play the piano.
 Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid?
 She worked at the movie theater after school.
 They never went to school, they always skipped class.

USE 5 Past Facts or Generalizations

The simple past can also be used to describe past facts or generalizations which are no longer
true. As in USE 4 above, this use of the simple past is quite similar to the expression "used to."

Examples:

 She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing.

 He didn't like tomatoes before.
 Did you live in Texas when you were a kid?
 People paid much more to make cell phone calls in the past.

Simple Past Tips

IMPORTANT When-Clauses Happen First
Clauses are groups of words which have meaning but are often not complete sentences. Some
clauses begin with the word "when" such as "when I dropped my pen..." or "when class began..."
These clauses are called when-clauses, and they are very important. The examples below contain
when-clauses.

Examples:

 When I paid her one dollar, she answered my question.

 She answered my question when I paid her one dollar.

When-clauses are important because they always happen first when both clauses are in the
simple past. Both of the examples above mean the same thing: first, I paid her one dollar, and
then, she answered my question. It is not important whether "when I paid her one dollar" is at the
beginning of the sentence or at the end of the sentence. However, the example below has a
different meaning. First, she answered my question, and then, I paid her one dollar.

Example:

 I paid her one dollar when she answered my question.

ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never,
ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

 You just called Debbie.

 Did you just call Debbie?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:

 Tom repaired the car. Active

 The car was repaired by Tom. Passive

ent Perfect

 Menu
 Verb Tense Intro.
 Types of Verbs
 Active/Passive
 Simple Present
 Present Continuous
 Simple Past
  Past Continuous
 Present Perfect
 Present Perf. Cont.
 Past Perfect
 Past Perfect Cont.
 Simple Future
 Future Continuous
 Future Perfect
 Future Perfect Cont.
 Used to
 Would Always
 Future in the Past


Present Perfect
f t g+ p

The present perfect is a verb tense which is used to show that an action has taken place once or
many times before now. The present perfect is most frequently used to talk about experiences or
changes that have taken place, but there are other less common uses as well. Read on for detailed
descriptions, examples, and present perfect exercises.

Present Perfect Forms

The present perfect is formed using has/have + past participle. Questions are indicated by
inverting the subject and has/have. Negatives are made with not.

 Statement: You have seen that movie many times.

 Question: Have you seen that movie many times?
 Negative: You have not seen that movie many times.

Complete List of Present Perfect Forms

Present Perfect Uses

USE 1 Unspecified Time Before Now

We use the present perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The
exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the present perfect with specific time expressions
such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that
moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN use the present perfect with unspecific expressions
such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.

Examples:

 I have seen that movie twenty times.

 I think I have met him once before.
 There have been many earthquakes in California.
 People have traveled to the Moon.
 People have not traveled to Mars.
 Have you read the book yet?
 Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.
 A: Has there ever been a war in the United States?
B: Yes, there has been a war in the United States.

How Do You Actually Use the Present Perfect?

The concept of "unspecified time" can be very confusing to English learners. It is best to
associate present perfect with the following topics:

TOPIC 1 Experience

You can use the present perfect to describe your experience. It is like saying, "I have the
experience of..." You can also use this tense to say that you have never had a certain experience.
The present perfect is NOT used to describe a specific event.

Examples:

 I have been to France.

This sentence means that you have had the experience of being in France. Maybe you have been
there once, or several times.
 I have been to France three times.
You can add the number of times at the end of the sentence.
 I have never been to France.
This sentence means that you have not had the experience of going to France.
 I think I have seen that movie before.
 He has never traveled by train.
 Joan has studied two foreign languages.
 A: Have you ever met him?
B: No, I have not met him.

TOPIC 2 Change Over Time

We often use the present perfect to talk about change that has happened over a period of time.

Examples:
  You have grown since the last time I saw you.
 The government has become more interested in arts education.
 Japanese has become one of the most popular courses at the university since the Asian studies
program was established.
 My English has really improved since I moved to Australia.

TOPIC 3 Accomplishments

We often use the present perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals and humanity. You
cannot mention a specific time.

Examples:

 Man has walked on the Moon.

 Our son has learned how to read.
 Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.
 Scientists have split the atom.

TOPIC 4 An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting

We often use the present perfect to say that an action which we expected has not happened.
Using the present perfect suggests that we are still waiting for the action to happen.

Examples:

 James has not finished his homework yet.

 Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can communicate.
 Bill has still not arrived.
 The rain hasn't stopped.

TOPIC 5 Multiple Actions at Different Times

We also use the present perfect to talk about several different actions which have occurred in the
past at different times. Present perfect suggests the process is not complete and more actions are
possible.

Examples:

 The army has attacked that city five times.

 I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester.
 We have had many major problems while working on this project.
 She has talked to several specialists about her problem, but nobody knows why she is sick.

Time Expressions with Present Perfect

When we use the present perfect it means that something has happened at some point in our lives
before now. Remember, the exact time the action happened is not important.

Sometimes, we want to limit the time we are looking in for an experience. We can do this with
expressions such as: in the last week, in the last year, this week, this month, so far, up to now,
etc.

Examples:

 Have you been to Mexico in the last year?

 I have seen that movie six times in the last month.
 They have had three tests in the last week.
 She graduated from university less than three years ago. She has worked for three different
companies so far.
 My car has broken down three times this week.

NOTICE

"Last year" and "in the last year" are very different in meaning. "Last year" means the year
before now, and it is considered a specific time which requires simple past. "In the last year"
means from 365 days ago until now. It is not considered a specific time, so it requires present
perfect.

Examples:

 I went to Mexico last year.

I went to Mexico in the calendar year before this one.
 I have been to Mexico in the last year.
I have been to Mexico at least once at some point between 365 days ago and now.

USE 2 Duration From the Past Until Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)

With non-continuous verbs and non-continuous uses of mixed verbs, we use the present perfect
to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For five minutes,"
"for two weeks," and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with the present
perfect.

Examples:

 I have had a cold for two weeks.

 She has been in England for six months.
 Mary has loved chocolate since she was a little girl.

Although the above use of present perfect is normally limited to non-continuous verbs and non-
continuous uses of mixed verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study" are sometimes
used in this way even though they are NOT non-continuous verbs.

ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never,
ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

 You have only seen that movie one time.

 Have you only seen that movie one time?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:

 Many tourists have visited that castle. Active

 That castle has been visited by many tourists. Passive

Pengertian Recount Text

Recount text adalah jenis text dalam Bahasa Inggris yang menceritakan tentang suatu cerita,
tindakan, atau kegiatan. Biasanya, recount text menceritakan tentang pengalaman seseorang.
Tujuan dari recount text adalah untuk menghibur pembaca, sehingga tidak terdapat konflik
dalam text ini. Selain itu, teks ini juga bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi pada pembaca.

Lihat juga materi StudioBelajar.com lainnya:

Passive Voice
Pronoun
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Ciri-ciri Recount Text

 Menggunakan kalimat Past Tense (lampau), seperti went, departed, would, woke up, dan
lain sebagainya.

 Menggunakan adverb dan adverbial phrase untuk mengungkapkan waktu, tempat dan
cara, seperti: last September, Pari Island, on then second day, dan lain sebagainya.
 Menggunakan conjunction dan time connectives guna mengurutkan peristiwa atau
kejadian, seperti: and, before, then, after that, dan lain sebagainya

Generic Structure of Recount Text

1. Orientation

Menceritakan mengenai latar belakang informasi tentang siapa, di mana, kapan kejadian atau
peristiwa terjadi.

2. Events

Menceritakan serangkaian peristiwa yang terjadi sesuai urutan kronologis.

3. Re-orientation

Merupakan penutup atau kesimpulan cerita. Untuk menutup suatu cerita, kita bisa memberikan
opini kita mengenai cerita tersebut.

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Contoh Recount Text

Contoh Recount Text Singkat 1 (tentang Perjalanan Wisata)

My First Trip to Pari Island

Last September, I went to Pari Island for a holiday. I went there with Sarah, Andi, Eveline, and
Yoko. That was my first time to travel there.

Our boat departed from Muara Angke port to the island at 8.00 AM. We arrived at Pari Island
around 10.00 Am. After that, we went to our guest house that we had booked before.
Fortunately, our guest house was located near to the port, so we did not have to walk so far. The
first thing that we did after that was rent bicycle. It only cost IDR 20.000 per day. Then we did
cycling for a while and had lunch before we decided to do snorkeling.

When we went snorkeling, the fisherman who became our guide brought us to the beach far
enough from our guest house. We did snorkeling there. The water was very clear. We could see
groups of tiny fishes and beautiful coral under the sea. After we did snorkeling for approximately
three hours, we returned to our guest house. We ended up the first day by getting dinner and took
some walks around.

On the second day, we woke up so early to watch sunrise. We did not need to go far to watch the
sunrise because our guest house was so near to the beach and we could watch the sunrise there.
Sunrise on the beach, what a beautiful view!

After we spent long enough time to watch the sunrise, we decided to get breakfast. There was a
festival at that time. We went to the festival and had breakfast there. We ate some delicious sea
foods. We felt time went so fast that day. We needed to return to our guest house because our
boat that would bring us home would depart at 10.00 AM.

In summary, my first trip to Pari Island was so enjoyable. I would like to visit this place again
together with my family in another chance.

Berikut terjemahan dari contoh recount text di atas:

Perjalanan Pertama Saya ke Pulau Pari

September lalu, aku pergi ke Pulau Pari untuk liburan. aku pergi bersama Sarah, Andi, Eveline,
dan Yoko. Itu adalah pertama kalinya aku bepergian ke sana.

Perahu kami berangkat dari pelabuhan Muara Angke ke pulau pada pukul 8.00 pagi. Kami tiba di
Pulau Pari sekitar jam 10.00 pagi. Setelah itu, kami pergi ke penginapan yang telah kami pesan
sebelumnya. Untungnya, penginapan kami terletak di dekat pelabuhan, jadi kami tidak perlu
berjalan sejauh ini. Hal pertama yang kami lakukan setelah itu adalah menyewa sepeda.
Harganya hanya Rp20.000 per hari. Kemudian kami bersepeda sebentar dan makan siang
sebelum kami snorkeling.
Ketika kami snorkeling, nelayan yang menjadi pemandu kami membawa kami ke pantai yang cukup
jauh dari penginapan kami. Kami melakukan snorkeling di sana. Airnya sangat jernih. Kami bisa
melihat ikan-ikan kecil dan karang yang indah di bawah laut. Setelah kami snorkeling selama kurang
lebih tiga jam, kami kembali ke rumah penginapan. Kami mengakhiri hari pertama dengan makan
malam dan berjalan-jalan.

Pada hari kedua, kami bangun pagi-pagi untuk menyaksikan matahari terbit. Kami tidak perlu
pergi jauh untuk menyaksikannya karena penginapan kami sangat dekat dengan pantai dan kami
bisa menyaksikan matahari terbit di sana. Matahari terbit di pantai, pemandangan yang indah!

Setelah menghabiskan waktu cukup lama untuk menyaksikan matahari terbit, kami memutuskan
untuk sarapan. Ada sebuah festival pada waktu itu. Kami pergi ke festival dan sarapan di sana.
Kami makan beberapa makanan laut yang lezat. Kami merasa waktu berjalan sangat cepat hari
itu. Kami harus kembali ke rumah penginapan karena kapal kami yang akan membawa kami
pulang akan berangkat pukul 10.00.

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Singkatnya, perjalanan pertamaku ke Pulau Pari begitu menyenangkan. Aku ingin mengunjungi
tempat ini lagi bersama keluargaku di kesempatan lain.

Penjelasan:

Teks tersebut merupakan Recount Text karena menceritakan pengalaman seseorang dan
menghibur pembaca. Selain itu, teks tersebut mempunyai ciri-ciri dan struktur yang sama dengan
Recount Text:

Ciri-ciri

 Menggunakan kalimat Past Tense (lampau), seperti went, departed, would, woke up, dan
lain sebagainya.

 Menggunakan adverb dan adverbial phrase seperti: last September, Pari Island, on then
second day, dan lain sebagainya.
 Menggunakan conjunction dan time connectives seperti: and, before, then, after that, dan
lain sebagainya

Struktur

 Orientation

Last September, I went to Pari Island for a holiday. I went there with Sarah, Andi, Eveline, and
Yoko.

 Events
Depart from Muara Angke → Arrived → Went to the guest house → Rent bicycle and cycling
→ Had lunch → Snorkeling → dan seterusnya.

 Re-orientation

In summary, my first trip to Pari Island was so enjoyable.

Berikut adalah contoh Recount Text lain, bisakah kamu menjelaskan mengapa teks tersebut
disebut dengan Recount Text dengan menganalisa ciri-ciri dan generic structure nya?

Contoh Recount Text Singkat 2 (Tentang Kunjungan Budaya)

Cultural Visit to Bandung with UI Creates

Last February, I went to Bandung with UI Creates students. UI Creates is a short course program
from University of Indonesia for international students. At that time, the participants were from
Japan, China, and Philippine.

We departed from Depok to Bandung at 6.30 AM by bus. Fortunately, there was no traffic jam
so we could arrive in Bandung at 11.30 AM. Before we went to Saung Angklung Mang Udjo, we
had lunch at Sederhana Pasteur Restaurant first. We ate Nasi Padang. For some students, it was
their first time trying Nasi Padang. They said it was delicious.

Then we went to Saung Angklung Mang Udjo. It took more than one hour to go there from the
restaurant. At 2.45 PM, we arrived at Saung Angklung Mang Udjo. We had to wait for the
performance because it started at 3.00 PM. Before the performance started, we bought some
souvenirs and tried to play Angklung in the souvenir shop. At exactly 3.00 PM, the show started.
Not only Angklung performance, there were also Arumba and Calung performances. We sang,
danced and learnt to play Angklung together during the performance.

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After we watched the show, we went to Soerabi Imoet to get dinner. We ate Serabi which is
traditional pancake made from rice flour with coconut milk or shredded coconut. It usually tastes
sweet, but there is another savoury version that uses oncom as the topping. In Soerabi Imoet,
there is a variant of Serabi with Durian topping. That was the first experience eating Durian for
some of my friends. After we had dinner, we went to our hotel which is not too far away from
Soerabi Imoet to get some rest.

The day after that, we started the day with getting breakfast at the hotel. Then we departed to
Dusun Bambu at 7.45 AM. From the hotel, we spent more than one hour on the way to Dusun
Bambu. After we arrived, we walked around the park to explore. It was very refreshing. There
were a lot of various flowers bloomed at that time. We also saw some fields with rice plants. My
Japanese friends and I tried to ride a traditional boat. After we spent enough time there, we had
lunch and returned to Depok.
We were very tired when we arrived in Depok, but we had a lot of fun during the cultural visit. It
was very nice to go to Bandung and I hope I can go there again sometime.

Berikut terjemahan dari contoh recount text di atas:

Kunjungan Budaya ke Bandung dengan UI Create

Februari lalu, aku pergi ke Bandung dengan siswa UI Create. UI Creates adalah program kursus
singkat dari Universitas Indonesia untuk siswa internasional. Saat itu, pesertanya berasal dari
Jepang, Cina, dan Filipina.

Kami berangkat dari Depok ke Bandung pukul 6.30 pagi dengan bus. Untungnya, tidak ada
kemacetan sehingga kami bisa tiba di Bandung pukul 11.30 pagi. Sebelum kami pergi ke Saung
Angklung Mang Udjo, kami makan siang di Restoran Sederhana Pasteur terlebih dulu. Kami
makan Nasi Padang. Bagi beberapa siswa, ini adalah pertama kalinya mereka mencoba Nasi
Padang. Mereka bilang itu enak.

Kemudian kami pergi ke Saung Angklung Mang Udjo. Butuh lebih dari satu jam untuk pergi ke
sana dari restoran. Pukul 14:45, kami tiba di Saung Angklung Mang Udjo. Kami harus
menunggu pertunjukkannya karena itu dimulai pukul 3 sore. Sebelum pertunjukan dimulai, kami
membeli beberapa suvenir dan mencoba bermain angklung di toko suvenir. Tepat pukul 3 sore,
pertunjukan dimulai. Tidak hanya pertunjukan Angklung, ada juga pertunjukan Arumba dan
Calung. Kami bernyanyi, menari dan belajar bermain angklung bersama selama pertunjukan.

Setelah kami menonton pertunjukan, kami pergi ke Soerabi Imoet untuk makan malam. Kami
makan Serabi yang merupakan pancake tradisional yang terbuat dari tepung beras dengan santan
atau kelapa parut. Biasanya rasanya manis, tetapi ada versi gurih lain yang menggunakan oncom
sebagai topping. Di Soerabi Imoet, ada varian Serabi dengan topping Durian. Itulah pengalaman
pertama makan Durian untuk beberapa teman-temanku. Setelah makan malam, kami pergi ke
hotel yang tidak terlalu jauh dari Soerabi Imoet untuk beristirahat.

Sehari setelah itu, kami memulai hari dengan sarapan di hotel. Kemudian kami berangkat ke
Dusun Bambu pada jam 7.45 pagi. Dari hotel, kami menghabiskan lebih dari satu jam dalam
perjalanan ke Dusun Bambu. Setelah kami tiba, kami berjalan di sekitar taman untuk menjelajah.
Sangat sejuk. Ada banyak berbagai bunga mekar pada waktu itu. Kami juga melihat beberapa
ladang dengan tanaman padi. Teman-teman Jepang-ku dan aku mencoba naik perahu tradisional.
Setelah menghabiskan cukup waktu di sana, kami makan siang dan kembali ke Depok.

Kami sangat lelah ketika kami tiba di Depok, tetapi kami sangat senang selama kunjungan
budaya. Sangat menyenangkan pergi ke Bandung dan aku berharap bisa ke sana lagi kapan-
kapan.