Past Simple and Present Perfect

Simple Past Tense
EXPLICACION DEL SIMPLE PAST Y EL PRESENT PERFECT.
Grammarly
The simple past is a verb tense that is used to talk about things that happened or
existed before now. Imagine someone asks what your brother Wolfgang did while
he was in town last weekend.
Wolfgang entered a hula hoop contest.

He won the silver medal.
The simple past tense shows that you are talking about something that has already
happened. Unlike the past continuous tense, which is used to talk about past events
that happened over a period of time, the simple past tense emphasizes that the
action is finished.
Wolfgang admired the way the light glinted off his silver medal.
You can also use the simple past to talk about a past state of being, such as the way
someone felt about something. This is often expressed with the simple past tense of
the verb to be and an adjective, noun, or prepositional phrase.
Wolfgang was proud of his hula hoop victory.

The contest was the highlight of his week.
How to Formulate the Simple Past
For regular verbs, add -ed to the root form of the verb (or just -d if the root form
already ends in an e):
Play→Played Type→Typed Listen→Listened Push→Pushed Love→Loved
For irregular verbs, things get more complicated. The simple past tense of some
irregular verbs looks exactly like the root form:
Put→Put Cut→Cut Set→Set Cost→Cost Hit→Hit
For other irregular verbs, including the verb to be, the simple past forms are more
erratic:
See→Saw Build→Built Go→Went Do→Did Rise→Rose Am/Is/Are→Was/Were
The good news is that verbs in the simple past tense (except for the verb to be)
don’t need to agree in number with their subjects.
Wolfgang polished his medal. The other winners polished their medals too.
How to Make the Simple Past Negative
Fortunately, there is a formula for making simple past verbs negative, and it’s the
same for both regular and irregular verbs (except for the verb to be). The formula
is did not + [root form of verb]. You can also use the contraction didn’t instead
of did not.
Wolfgang did not brag too much about his hula hoop skills. Wolfgang’s
girlfriend didn’t see the contest.
For the verb to be, you don’t need the auxiliary did. When the subject of the
sentence is singular, use was not or wasn’t. When the subject is plural, use were
not or weren’t.
The third-place winner was not as happy as Wolfgang. The fourth-place

winner wasn’t happy at all. The onlookers were not ready to leave after the
contest ended. The contestants weren’t ready to leave either.
How to Ask a Question
The formula for asking a question in the simple past tense is did + [subject] +
[root form of verb].
Did Wolfgang win the gold medal or the silver medal? Where did Wolfgang go to
celebrate? Did the judges decide fairly, in your opinion?
When asking a question with the verb to be, you don’t need the auxiliary did. The
formula is was/were + [subject].
Was Wolfgang in a good mood after the contest? Were people taking lots of
pictures?
The present perfect is a verb tense which is used to show that an action
has taken place once or many times before now. The present perfect is
most frequently used to talk about experiences or changes that have taken
place, but there are other less common uses as well. Read on for detailed
descriptions, examples, and present perfect exercises.
Present Perfect Forms
The present perfect is formed using has/have + past participle. Questions are
indicated by inverting the subject and has/have. Negatives are made with not.
 Statement: You have seen that movie many times.

 Question: Have you seen that movie many times?
 Negative: You have not seen that movie many times.
Complete List of Present Perfect Forms
Present Perfect Uses

USE 1 Unspecified Time Before Now
We use the present perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time
before now. The exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the present perfect with
specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a
child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN use the
present perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times,
several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.
Examples:
 I have seen that movie twenty times.

 I think I have met him once before.
 There have been many earthquakes in California.
 People have traveled to the Moon.
 People have not traveled to Mars.
 Have you read the book yet?
 Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.
 A: Has there ever been a war in the United States?
B: Yes, there has been a war in the United States.
How Do You Actually Use the Present Perfect?
The concept of "unspecified time" can be very confusing to English learners. It is best to
associate present perfect with the following topics:
TOPIC 1 Experience
You can use the present perfect to describe your experience. It is like saying, "I have
the experience of..." You can also use this tense to say that you have never had a
certain experience. The present perfect is NOT used to describe a specific event.
Examples:
 I have been to France.

This sentence means that you have had the experience of being in France.
Maybe you have been there once, or several times.
 I have been to France three times.
You can add the number of times at the end of the sentence.
 I have never been to France.
This sentence means that you have not had the experience of going to France.
 I think I have seen that movie before.
 He has never traveled by train.
 Joan has studied two foreign languages.
 A: Have you ever met him?
B: No, I have not met him.
TOPIC 2 Change Over Time
We often use the present perfect to talk about change that has happened over a period
of time.
Examples:
 You have grown since the last time I saw you.

 The government has become more interested in arts education.
 Japanese has become one of the most popular courses at the university since
the Asian studies program was established.
 My English has really improved since I moved to Australia.
TOPIC 3 Accomplishments
We often use the present perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals and
humanity. You cannot mention a specific time.
Examples:
 Man has walked on the Moon.

 Our son has learned how to read.
 Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.
 Scientists have split the atom.
TOPIC 4 An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting
We often use the present perfect to say that an action which we expected has not
happened. Using the present perfect suggests that we are still waiting for the action to
happen.
Examples:
 James has not finished his homework yet.

 Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can communicate.
 Bill has still not arrived.
 The rain hasn't stopped.
TOPIC 5 Multiple Actions at Different Times
We also use the present perfect to talk about several different actions which have
occurred in the past at different times. Present perfect suggests the process is not
complete and more actions are possible.
Examples:
 The army has attacked that city five times.

 I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester.
 We have had many major problems while working on this project.
 She has talked to several specialists about her problem, but nobody knows why
she is sick.
Time Expressions with Present Perfect
When we use the present perfect it means that something has happened at some point
in our lives before now. Remember, the exact time the action happened is not
important.
Sometimes, we want to limit the time we are looking in for an experience. We can do
this with expressions such as: in the last week, in the last year, this week, this month, so
far, up to now, etc.
Examples:
 Have you been to Mexico in the last year?

 I have seen that movie six times in the last month.
 They have had three tests in the last week.
 She graduated from university less than three years ago. She has worked for
three different companies so far.
 My car has broken down three times this week.
NOTICE
"Last year" and "in the last year" are very different in meaning. "Last year" means the
year before now, and it is considered a specific time which requires simple past. "In the
last year" means from 365 days ago until now. It is not considered a specific time, so it
requires present perfect.
Examples:
 I went to Mexico last year.

I went to Mexico in the calendar year before this one.
 I have been to Mexico in the last year.
I have been to Mexico at least once at some point between 365 days ago and
now.
En esta parte podrás aplicar lo aprendido, practicar y comprobar que
recuerdas tanto el vocabulario como la gramática . Un detalle
importante. Cómo saber si es simple past (la oración termina con un
tiempo específico, por ejemplo. Donde termina en last month, last year,
yesterday, last night, ago, last week) entonces ya sabes que el verbo se
usa en simple Past. Ahora bien si al final no se especifica cuando termino
la acción. Entonces debes poner el verbo en present perfect.
Exercise 2
Completa los recuadros usando el verbo entre paréntesis en Present Perfect o Simple
Past.
1. Jane (stay)__________ at home yesterday.
2. Your letter (arrive)___________ two days ago.
3. I (live) _________________ here for ten years.
4. Last week we (go) ___________ to the cinema.
5. The game (start) has started. They are playing now.
6. I (phone) _____________ you at five and you weren't there.
7. I (lose) ________________ my watch, I can't find it.
8. Last month Sarah (travel) _____________ to Italy.

9. I (work) have worked all day and now I'm tired.
10. We (buy) ______________ a new house last week.
Escribe el verbo entre paréntesis en " simple Past" o "present perfect" según
corresponda:
Inicia sesión para hacer seguimiento de tus autoevaluaciones

1) They______________ and are now on their honeymoon (To get married)
2) I __________________ studying 10 years ago (To finish)
I _________________ a very interesting book about the Spanish Empire
3)
(recientemente) (To finish)
I ____________________ the watch that my wife gave me on our honeymoon (To
4)
lose)
This morning I ____________________ to the Spanish Embassy in Paris (To be)
5)
(todavía es por la mañana)
6) They______________ five years ago in Napoles (To get married)
7) Today I__________________ a program on television about Africa (To watch)
8) This is the first time I _________________ to the Theatre (To be)
9) Today I__________________ tennis with my nephew (To play)
10) My mother is not at home, she to the school to speak to my teacher (To go)
Where have you been this afternoon? I_____________ in a restaurant with my
11)
wife (To be)
12) When I ___________________ to London I visited the National Gallery (To go)
A week ago I _______________ a very interesting book about Islamic culture (To
13)
read)
14) I __________________ four men yesterday morning near my office (To see)
15) This year I ____________________ my studies (To finish)
16) When I was a child I ____________________ tennis with my dad (To play)
17) Your boss_______________________ you yesterday evening (To phone)
Today I___________________ my father several times but I haven't been able to
18)
contact him (To phone)(todavía es por la mañana)
19) Americans ___________________ to the Moon in 1969 (To go)
A few days ago I _________________ a very interesting programme on television
20)
about hunting (To watch)
LET’S WORK WITH OUR WORKBOOK.
PAGE: 9 EXERCISES: A AND B.

PAGE:10 EXERCISES: A AND B
PAGE:11 EXERCISES A, B AND C.
PAGE 13 EXERCISES A, B AND C.
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JUNTAN CON LOS EJERCICIOS ANTERIORES A ESTE TEXTO. ES DECIR LOS
QUE ESTAN EN ESTE DOCUMENTO.
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LAS PAGINAS DEL CUADERNO DE TRABAJO. PARA LUEGO ENVIARLO COMO
TAREA. EN FORMATO PDF. POR FAVOR. APRENDAN A LEER PARA QUE NO
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Past Simple and Present Perfect

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Simple Past Tense

EXPLICACION DEL SIMPLE PAST Y EL PRESENT PERFECT.

Wolfgang entered a hula hoop contest.

Wolfgang was proud of his hula hoop victory.

Play→Played Type→Typed Listen→Listened Push→Pushed Love→Loved

Put→Put Cut→Cut Set→Set Cost→Cost Hit→Hit

See→Saw Build→Built Go→Went Do→Did Rise→Rose Am/Is/Are→Was/Were

How to Make the Simple Past Negative

The third-place winner was not as happy as Wolfgang. The fourth-place

How to Ask a Question

 Statement: You have seen that movie many times.

Complete List of Present Perfect Forms

Present Perfect Uses

 I have seen that movie twenty times.

 I have been to France.

TOPIC 2 Change Over Time

 You have grown since the last time I saw you.

 Man has walked on the Moon.

TOPIC 4 An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting

 James has not finished his homework yet.

TOPIC 5 Multiple Actions at Different Times

 The army has attacked that city five times.

Time Expressions with Present Perfect

 Have you been to Mexico in the last year?

 I went to Mexico last year.

1. Jane (stay)__________ at home yesterday.

2. Your letter (arrive)___________ two days ago.

3. I (live) _________________ here for ten years.

4. Last week we (go) ___________ to the cinema.

5. The game (start) has started. They are playing now.

6. I (phone) _____________ you at five and you weren't there.

7. I (lose) ________________ my watch, I can't find it.

8. Last month Sarah (travel) _____________ to Italy.

10. We (buy) ______________ a new house last week.

Inicia sesión para hacer seguimiento de tus autoevaluaciones

LET’S WORK WITH OUR WORKBOOK.

PAGE: 9 EXERCISES: A AND B.

DESPUES QUE LLENEN ESTOS EJERCICIOS LES TOMAN UNA FOTO Y LO

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