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    Gujarati: I. Independent Vowel Characters

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    Tej Patadia
    The UN recommended romanization system for Gujarati was approved in 1972 and amended in 1977, but there is no evidence of its use. Gujarati uses an alphasyllabic script where characters represent syllables. The romanization table is unambiguous but requires recognition of many ligatures. There is some uncertainty in romanizing certain vowels and consonants. The system is mostly reversible but some ambiguities exist. The table includes independent vowels, abbreviated vowels, other symbols, consonant characters, and consonant ligatures.

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    Gujarati: I. Independent Vowel Characters

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    Tej Patadia
    254 views3 pages
    The UN recommended romanization system for Gujarati was approved in 1972 and amended in 1977, but there is no evidence of its use. Gujarati uses an alphasyllabic script where characters represent syllables. The romanization table is unambiguous but requires recognition of many ligatures. There is some uncertainty in romanizing certain vowels and consonants. The system is mostly reversible but some ambiguities exist. The table includes independent vowels, abbreviated vowels, other symbols, consonant characters, and consonant ligatures.

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    Gujarati

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    The UN recommended romanization system for Gujarati was approved in 1972 and amended in 1977, but there is no evidence of its use. Gujarati uses an alphasyllabic script where characters represent syllables. The romanization table is unambiguous but requires recognition of many ligatures. There is some uncertainty in romanizing certain vowels and consonants. The system is mostly reversible but some ambiguities exist. The table includes independent vowels, abbreviated vowels, other symbols, consonant characters, and consonant ligatures.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    254 views3 pages

    Gujarati: I. Independent Vowel Characters

    Uploaded by

    Tej Patadia
    The UN recommended romanization system for Gujarati was approved in 1972 and amended in 1977, but there is no evidence of its use. Gujarati uses an alphasyllabic script where characters represent syllables. The romanization table is unambiguous but requires recognition of many ligatures. There is some uncertainty in romanizing certain vowels and consonants. The system is mostly reversible but some ambiguities exist. The table includes independent vowels, abbreviated vowels, other symbols, consonant characters, and consonant ligatures.

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    of 3

    REPORT ON THE CURRENT STATUS OF

    UNITED NATIONS ROMANIZATION SYSTEMS FOR GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES


    Compiled by the UNGEGN Working Group on Romanization Systems
    Version 4.0, March 2016

    Gujarati

    The United Nations recommended system was approved in 1972 (II/11) and amended in 1977
    (III/12), based on a report prepared by D. N. Sharma. The tables and their corrections were
    published in volume II of the conference reports1,2.

    There is no evidence of the use of the system either in India or in international cartographic
    products.

    Gujarati (Gujarātī) uses an alphasyllabic script whereby each character represents a syllable
    rather than one sound. Vowels and diphthongs are marked in two ways: as independent
    characters (used syllable-initially) and in an abbreviated form, to denote vowels after
    consonants. The romanization table is unambiguous but the user would have to recognize
    many ligatures not given in the original table. For two vowel letters (e/ĕ, o/ŏ) there is
    uncertainty as to the conditions in which either of the two variants is to be used. The system is
    mostly reversible but there exist some ambiguities in the romanization of vowels (independent
    vs. abbreviated characters) and consonants (ligatures vs. character sequences).

    Romanization

    In the romanization system below the table of ligatures has been added.

    I. Independent vowel characters

    1 અ a 5 ઉ u 9 ઐ ai

    2 આ ā 6 ઊ ū 10 ઓ o, ŏ

    3 ઇ i 7 ઋ ṛ 11 ઔ au

    4 ઈ ī 8 એ e, ĕ

    II. Abbreviated vowel characters (ક stands for any consonant character)

    1 ક a 5 ુ u 9 ક ai

    2 કા ā 6 ૂ ūB 10 કો o, ŏ

    3 ક i 7 ૃ ṛ 11 કૌ au

    4 ક īA 8 ક e, ĕ

    A
    Exception:  jī.
    B
    Exception:  rū.
    Gujarati Page 1
    III. Other symbols
    (These symbols were missing in the original table.)

    1 કં ṁ 3 કઃ ḥ

    2 કઁ m̐ 4 ્ (A)

    A
    Pronunciation without a vowel.

    IV. Consonant characters

    1 ક ka 13 ડ ḍa 25 મ ma

    2 ખ kha 14 ઢ ḍha 26 ય ya

    3 ગ ga 15 ણ ṇa 27 ર ra

    4 ઘ gha 16 ત ta 28 લ la

    5 ઙ ṅa 17 થ tha 29 વ va

    6 ચ cha 18 દ da 30 શ sha

    7 છ chha 19 ધ dha 31 ષ ṣha

    8 જ ja 20 ન na 32 સ sa

    9 ઝ jha 21 પ pa 33 હ ha

    10 ઞ ña 22 ફ fa 34 ળ ḷa

    11 ટ ṭa 23 બ ba

    12 ઠ ṭha 24 ભ bha
    V. Consonant ligatures

    Adscript forms of some consonants


    Examples
    ?્ r- ક@ rka, મ@ rma

    ◌C -r D kra, E bra, F ḍra

    Other ligatures (the list is not complete)


    G D H Iત J K L M N O P Q
    kka kra kṣha khta khra gra ghra ṅka ṅkha ṅga ṅgha ṅma
    R Sજ T U V W X Y Z [ \ ]
    chra jja jña jra jhra ṭṭa ṭṭha ṭhṭha ḍḍa ḍḍha ḍhḍha tta
    Gujarati Page 2
    ^ન _ ` a b c d e f g h i
    tna tra thra dga dda ddha dbha dma dya dra dva dhra
    j k lત m n E o p q r s t
    nna nra pta pra phra bra bhra mra yra vra shna shra
    u v wટ wઠ x y z { | } ~
    shva shvra ṣhṭa ṣhṭha sra hṇa hna hma hya hla hva

    Other systems of romanization

    For differences between the UN system and the ISO transliteration standard ISO 15919:
    2001 see the section on the romanization of Hindi.

    References

    1. Second United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names.


    London, 10–31 May 1972. Vol. II. Technical papers. United Nations. New York 1974, pp.
    134–135.
    2. Third United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names. Athens,
    17 August – 7 September 1977. Vol. II, Technical papers, pp. 393 etc.

    Gujarati Page 3

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