Nombre: Angel Enrique Araujo Herrera Par: 105

Laboratorio de Transferencia de Calor

Actividad 2

1. The temperature distribution across a wall 0.3 m thick at a certain instant of time i s ,
where T is in degrees Celsius and x is in meters, a = 200°C, b = -200°C/m, and c =
30°C/m2. The wall has a thermal conductivity of 1 W/m - K , T(x)=200°C. (a) On a unit
surface área basis, determine the rate of heat transfer into and out of the wall and the
rate of change of energy stored by the wall. (b) I f the cold surface is exposed to a fluid
at 100°C, what is the convection coeffícient?
r(x)=200-200x+30x2

,^ y/2

^2 w/^^v^ \]¡
 2. A long bar of rectangular cross section, 0.4m x 0.6m on a side and having a thermal
conductivity of 1.5 W/m-K, is subjected to the boundary conditions shown below. Two
of the sides are maintained at a uniform temperature of 200°C. One of the sides is
adiabatic, and the remaining side is subjected to a convection process with T = 30°C and
h = 50W/m2-K. Using an appropriate numerical technique with a grid spacing of O.lm,
determine the temperature distribution in the bar and the heat transfer rate between the
bar and the fluid per unit length of the bar
100% ¿oíc jtccc asee
Uniform temperature,
r=200°C ' '1 ,

> 1

o.
5
Insulated
> 11 < 1 1
7'
Uniform temperature, ^m«]fc/
r=200°C
# j^¿twtM.Vvto(. ^cdiiMtoe^ /cTÍáoétuOu^

i - V ' / l . ^-2-/z, ^ ^

3
H

I 2- — fTli^-fT/, -i T-^ -f- Zoo ^ 7J^ _

Ib

^íX^\o- JUO<Í/LAÍÍ/I ^ ^ÉHüIews^ /ía<i/n>o¿ ^/jnoúu'oj £,uxjt>'eoa>^ /Oc .íj^yu-r,^^^^ c o > w o

 z o 2. o o c o o o o o
o C9
d -V i o o <0 o <0 tQ
o <Í3

0 i
o o • O <D <o o
/I- 1 o £)
o <o O o
o i o L o i O <o o O
o o l O o 1
o o o ^ o a c9 O O

o o o i. <o o O .O
o o o o o 1 o 1 o
o o o o o \
o o o o ^ o o
o o o o o o
^ ^ o
o o ^ oo o o
o o
o c o o o
o o o ^
o0 o o o
o o
o
8
O
c o
•VoO
o
O
-ZOO

2
3. A composite spherical shell of inner radius r l = 0.25 m is constructed from lead of outer radius
r2 = 0.30 m and AISI302 stainless steel of outer radius r3 = 0.31 m. The cavity is
fílled with radioactive wastes that genérate heat at a rate of q = 5x105 W/m3. It is proposed to
' submerge the container in oceanic waters that are at a temperature of Too = 10°C and provide
a uniform convection coeffícient of h = 500 W/m2-K at the outer surface of the container. Are
there any problems associated with this proposal?

Stoinhss
sfed

Rodioactive wastes

V/í(2>^3)L<^Z^ 0,3>
7 J
1
L

V/r//^ y/r/í?,3;)^ [500) '

 4. As an alternative to storing radioactive materials in oceanic waters, it is proposed that the
system of Problem 3 be placed in a large tank for which the flow of water, and hence the
convection coefficient h, can be controlled. Compute and plot the maximum temperature of the
lead, T(r1), as a function of h for 100 ≤ h ≤ 1000 W/m2-K. If the temperature of the lead is not
to exceed 500 K, what is the minimum allowable value of h? To improve system reliability, it
is desirable to increase the thickness of the stainless steel shell. For h = 300, 500, and 1000
W/m2-K, compute and plot the maximum lead temperature as a function of shell thickness for
r3 ≥ 0.30 m. What are the corresponding values of the maximum allowable thickness?

//variables y constantes//
r1=0.25
r2=0.3
r3=0.31
Tinf=10+273
T1=500
k1=35.3
k2=15.1
qv=500000

//Ecuaciones//
q=qv*((4/3)*pi*r1^3)
Rpb=(1/(4*pi*k1))*((1/r1)-1/r2)
Rst=(1/(4*pi*k2))*((1/r2)-1/r3)
Rconv=1/(4*pi*(r3^2)*h)
Rfinal=Rpb+Rst+Rconv
q=(T1-Tinf)/Rfinal

Se varia el valor de h
 Posteriormente se define h y variamos desde 100 a 1000 en pasos de 100

q Rconv Rfinal Rpb Rst T1 h k1 k2 qv r1 r2 r3 Tinf

1 3,27E+04 0,008281 0,01035 0,001503 0,0005667 621,7 100 35,3 15,1 5,00E+05 0,25 0,3 0,31 283
2 3,27E+04 0,00414 0,00621 0,001503 0,0005667 486,2 200 35,3 15,1 5,00E+05 0,25 0,3 0,31 283
3 3,27E+04 0,00276 0,00483 0,001503 0,0005667 441,1 300 35,3 15,1 5,00E+05 0,25 0,3 0,31 283
4 3,27E+04 0,00207 0,00414 0,001503 0,0005667 418,5 400 35,3 15,1 5,00E+05 0,25 0,3 0,31 283
5 3,27E+04 0,001656 0,003726 0,001503 0,0005667 404,9 500 35,3 15,1 5,00E+05 0,25 0,3 0,31 283
6 3,27E+04 0,00138 0,00345 0,001503 0,0005667 395,9 600 35,3 15,1 5,00E+05 0,25 0,3 0,31 283
7 3,27E+04 0,001183 0,003253 0,001503 0,0005667 389,4 700 35,3 15,1 5,00E+05 0,25 0,3 0,31 283
8 3,27E+04 0,001035 0,003105 0,001503 0,0005667 384,6 800 35,3 15,1 5,00E+05 0,25 0,3 0,31 283
9 3,27E+04 0,0009201 0,00299 0,001503 0,0005667 380,8 900 35,3 15,1 5,00E+05 0,25 0,3 0,31 283
10 3,27E+04 0,0008281 0,002898 0,001503 0,0005667 377,8 1000 35,3 15,1 5,00E+05 0,25 0,3 0,31 283
5. A steam pipe of 0.12 m outside diameter is insulated with a layer of calcium silicate. If the insulation
is 20 mm thick and its inner and outer surfaces are maintained at 𝑇𝑠,1=800 𝐾 and 𝑇𝑠,2=490 𝐾,
respectively, what is the heat loss per unit length (𝑞´) of the pipe? We wish to explore the effect of
insulation thickness on the heat loss 𝑞 ´ and outer surface 𝑇𝑠,2, with the inner surface temperature
fixed at 𝑇𝑠,1=800 𝐾. The outer surface is exposed to an airflow (𝑇∞=25 °𝐶) that maintains a
convection coefficient of ℎ=25 𝑊/𝑚2𝐾 and to large surroundings for which 𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟=𝑇∞=25 °𝐶. The
surface emissivity of calcium silicate is approximately 0.8. Compute and plot the temperature
distribution in the insulation as a function of the dimensionless radial coordinate, (𝑟−𝑟1)/(𝑟2−𝑟1),
where 𝑟1=0.06 𝑚 and 𝑟2 is a variable (0.06 < 𝑟2 ≤ 0.20 𝑚). Compute and plot the heat loss as a function
of the insulation thickness for 0 ≤ (𝑟2−𝑟1) ≤ 0.14 m.
Esquema:

Asumiendo condiciones de estado estable, conducción unidireccional y propiedades térmicas

constantes. La conductividad térmica del silicato de calcio en la tabla A3, k=0,089 W/m K.
Análisis:
𝑞 ∗ 𝑟 2𝜋 ∗ 𝑘(𝑇𝑆,1 − 𝑇𝑆,2 )
𝑞′ = = 𝑟
𝐿 𝑙𝑛 ( 2 )
𝑟1
2𝜋 ∗ 0,089(800 − 490)
𝑞′ =
0,08
𝑙𝑛 (0,06)

𝑾
𝒒′ = 𝟔𝟎𝟑. 𝟎𝟎
𝒎
Luego,
 Código:
//Input data
Ts1=800 //Surface temperature, K
Tinf=298 //Fluid temperature, K
Tsur=298 //Surroundings temperature, K
k=0.089 //Thermal conductivity, W/m ·K

//Properties
h=25 //Convection coefficient, W/m^2·K
eps=0.8 //Emissivity
sigma = 5.67e-8 //Stefan-Boltzmann constant, W/m^2·K^4

//Geometrical Parameters
r1=0.06 //Radius, m
r2=0.20 //Radius, m
r=r2-r1 //Radius, m

//Equations
hr = eps*sigma*(Ts2 + Tsur) *(Ts2^2 + Tsur^2)
((Ts1-Ts2)/(ln(r2/r1)/(2*pi*k))) =((Ts2-Tinf)/(1/(2*pi*r2*h))) +((Ts2-Tsur)/(1/(2*pi*r2*hr)))
q' = 2*pi*r2*(h*(Ts2 - Tinf) + hr*(Ts2 - Tsur))
Tabla

r hr q' Ts2 r1 r2 eps h k Sigma Tinf Ts1 Tsur

1 0.01 7.833 1455 398.8 0.06 0.07 0.8 25 0.089 5.67E-8 298 800 298
2 0.02 6.308 868.5 353.2 0.06 0.08 0.8 25 0.089 5.67E-8 298 800 298
3 0.03 5.768 641.5 334.9 0.06 0.09 0.8 25 0.089 5.67E-8 298 800 298
4 0.04 5.498 519.8 325.1 0.06 0.10 0.8 25 0.089 5.67E-8 298 800 298
5 0.05 5.338 443.6 319.2 0.06 0.11 0.8 25 0.089 5.67E-8 298 800 298
6 0.06 5.232 391.1 315.2 0.06 0.12 0.8 25 0.089 5.67E-8 298 800 298
7 0.07 5.159 352.7 312.3 0.07 0.13 0.8 25 0.089 5.67E-8 298 800 298
8 0.08 5.105 323.3 310.2 0.08 0.14 0.8 25 0.089 5.67E-8 298 800 298
9 0.09 5.063 299.9 308.6 0.09 0.15 0.8 25 0.089 5.67E-8 298 800 298
10 0.10 5.031 280.9 307.3 0.10 0.16 0.8 25 0.089 5.67E-8 298 800 298
11 0.11 5.005 265.1 306.3 0.11 0.17 0.8 25 0.089 5.67E-8 298 800 298
12 0.12 4.984 251.7 305.4 0.12 0.18 0.8 25 0.089 5.67E-8 298 800 298
13 0.13 4.966 240.3 304.7 0.13 0.19 0.8 25 0.089 5.67E-8 298 800 298
14 0.14 4.951 230.3 304.1 0.14 0.20 0.8 25 0.089 5.67E-8 298 800 298
 Gráficos:
Distribución de temperatura Ts,2 con respecto r2-r1

Distribución de la pérdida de calor como función del espesor

Distribución de la temperatura T(r)

Código:
//Temperatures
Ts1=800 //Surface temperature, K
Tinf=298 //Fluid temperature, K
Tsur=298 //Surroundings temperature, K
k=0.089 //Thermal conductivity, W/m·K

//Properties
h=25 //Convection coefficient, W/m^2·K
eps=0.8 //Emissivity
sigma = 5.67e-8 //Stefan-Boltzmann constant, W/m^2·K^4
//Geometrical Parameters
r1=0.06 //Radius, m
r2=0.1 //Radius, m
r=0.06 //Radius, m
x = (r - r1)/ (r2 - r1)

//Equations
hr = eps*sigma*(Ts2 + Tsur)*(Ts2^2 + Tsur^2)
((Ts1-Ts2)/(ln(r2/r1)/(2*pi*k))) = ((Ts2-Tinf)/(1/(2*pi*r2*h))) + ((Ts2-Tsur)/(1/(2*pi*r2*hr)))
q'=2*pi*r2*(h*(Ts2-Tinf) + hr*(Ts2-Tsur))
Tr = (((Ts1-Ts2)/(ln(r1/r2))) *(ln(r/r2))) +Ts2

Tabla:
r hr q' Tr Ts2 x eps h k r1 r2 Sigma Tinf Ts1 Tsur
1 0.06 4.951 230.3 800.0 304.1 0 0.8 25 0.089 0.06 0.2 5.67E-8 298 800 298
2 0.07 4.951 230.3 736.5 304.1 0.0714 0.8 25 0.089 0.06 0.2 5.67E-8 298 800 298
3 0.08 4.951 230.3 681.5 304.1 0.1429 0.8 25 0.089 0.06 0.2 5.67E-8 298 800 298
4 0.09 4.951 230.3 633.0 304.1 0.2143 0.8 25 0.089 0.06 0.2 5.67E-8 298 800 298
5 0.10 4.951 230.3 589.6 304.1 0.2857 0.8 25 0.089 0.06 0.2 5.67E-8 298 800 298
6 0.11 4.951 230.3 550.4 304.1 0.3571 0.8 25 0.089 0.06 0.2 5.67E-8 298 800 298
7 0.12 4.951 230.3 514.5 304.1 0.4286 0.8 25 0.089 0.06 0.2 5.67E-8 298 800 298
8 0.13 4.951 230.3 481.5 304.1 0.5000 0.8 25 0.089 0.06 0.2 5.67E-8 298 800 298
9 0.14 4.951 230.3 451.0 304.1 0.5714 0.8 25 0.089 0.06 0.2 5.67E-8 298 800 298
10 0.15 4.951 230.3 422.6 304.1 0.6429 0.8 25 0.089 0.06 0.2 5.67E-8 298 800 298
11 0.16 4.951 230.3 396.0 304.1 0.7143 0.8 25 0.089 0.06 0.2 5.67E-8 298 800 298
12 0.17 4.951 230.3 371.1 304.1 0.7857 0.8 25 0.089 0.06 0.2 5.67E-8 298 800 298
13 0.18 4.951 230.3 347.5 304.1 0.8571 0.8 25 0.089 0.06 0.2 5.67E-8 298 800 298
14 0.19 4.951 230.3 325.2 304.1 0.9286 0.8 25 0.089 0.06 0.2 5.67E-8 298 800 298
15 0.20 4.951 230.3 304.1 304.1 1 0.8 25 0.089 0.06 0.2 5.67E-8 298 800 298

Gráfico:
Distribución de temperatura para distintos valores de r2

Donde,
𝑟2 = 0.20 𝑚 → 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑧𝑢𝑙
𝑟2 = 0.14 𝑚 → 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑜𝑗𝑜
𝑟2 = 0.10 𝑚 → 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑙𝑎