Circulatory System

The circulatory system
 A network consisting of blood, blood vessels, and the heart. This network supplies tissues in the body
with oxygen and other nutrients, transports hormones, and removes unnecessary waste products.
Blood
 Blood from the heart is pumped throughout the body using blood vessels.
 Arteries carry blood away from the heart and into capillaries, providing oxygen (and other
nutrients) to tissue and cells.
 Once oxygen is removed, the blood travels back to the lungs, where it is reoxygenated and
returned by veins to the heart.
Component of Blood
 Plasma
o The liquid component of blood
o a mixture of water, sugar, fat, protein, and salts
o transport blood cells throughout your body along
with nutrients, waste products, antibodies,
clotting proteins, chemical messengers such as
hormones, and proteins that help maintain the
body's fluid balance
 Red Blood Cells (also called erythrocytes or RBCs)

o 40% - 45% are RCB
o biconcave disk (a red blood cell looks like a
donut)
o start as immature cells in the bone marrow
o contains hemoglobin that gives its red color
 Hemoglobin – oxygen-transporting protein.
– transports oxygen in the blood
from the lungs to the rest of the body.
 White Blood Cells (also called leukocytes)

o protect the body from infection
o about 1% of your blood
o types of white blood cells
1. neutrophils. – most common type ("immediate response cell”)
– 55% to 70% are neutrophils
– lives less than a day
– They fight invaders by "eating" bacteria and other foreign matter
2. lymphocytes – wraps around the invader and traps it inside the neutrophil. Once
inside, digestive enzymes in the neutrophil destroy the invader.
 2 types
o T cells (thymus cells) are involved in cell-mediated immunity
o B cells (bone marrow- or bursa-derived cells) are primarily
responsible for humoral immunity (relating to antibodies)
3. eosinophils.
4. monocytes.
5. basophils.
 Platelets (also called thrombocytes)
o not actually cells but rather small fragments of cells
o help the blood clotting process (or coagulation) by gathering at the site of an injury,
sticking to the lining of the injured blood vessel, and forming a platform on which blood
coagulation can occur
o higher than normal number of platelets can cause unnecessary clotting, which can
lead to strokes and heart attacks
o Conversely, lower than normal counts can lead to extensive bleeding
Blood type
 a classification of blood, based on the presence and absence of antibodies and inherited
antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells.
3 Blood Types
1. Type A
2. Type B
3. Type AB
4. Type O
Blood Vessel
 transport blood cells, nutrients, and oxygen to the
tissues of the body
 also take waste and carbon dioxide away from the
tissues
Types of Blood Vessel
1. Arteries
 carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to
all of the body's tissues
 They begin with the aorta, the large artery
leaving the heart
2. Veins
 are blood vessels that take blood back to
the heart; this blood lacks oxygen (oxygen-
poor) and is rich in waste products that are
to be excreted or removed from the body
3. Capillaries
 These are small, thin blood vessels that
connect the arteries and the veins.
 Their thin walls allow oxygen, nutrients,
carbon dioxide, and other waste products
to pass to and from our organ's cells.
The heart
 The heart is made of specialized
cardiac muscle tissue that allows it to
act as a pump within the circulatory
system.
 The human heart is divided into four
chambers. There are one atrium and
one ventricle on each side of the
heart. The atria receive blood and the
ventricles pump blood.
 Aorta – largest artery; takes
oxygenated blood form the left ventricle
 Superior vena Cava – carries
deoxygenated blood from the upper
body
 Inferior vena Cava – carries
deoxygenated blood from the lower
body
 Pulmonary artery – carries
deoxygenated blood from right ventricle
to the lungs
 Pulmonary vein – takes oxygenated
blood from the lungs tot eh left atrium
 Left Atrium – receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary vein
 Right atrium – receives deoxygenated blood form the upper and lower body
 Left ventricle – receive oxygenated blood from left atrium
The human circulatory system consists of several circuits:

 The pulmonary circuit provides blood flow between the heart and lungs.
 The systemic circuit allows blood to flow to and from the rest of the body.
 The coronary circuit strictly provides blood to the heart
Neutrophils move out of the blood vessels into the infected tissue and engulf the foreign substances
(phagocytosis).
Eosinophils migrate to body tissues and release toxic substances to kill foreign substances.
Basophils, also called granular leukocytes, digest foreign objects from granules containing toxic
chemicals.
Monocytes, which contain chemicals and enzymes, ingest dead cells through phagocytosis and
develop into macrophages (large white blood cells) as they migrate into various tissues.
Lymphocytes, which inhabit the blood, produce antibodies and cells that go after foreign substances.
Lymphocytes subtypes are B cells, T cells, NK cells, and null cells.

Circulatory System

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Circulatory System

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The circulatory system

 Red Blood Cells (also called erythrocytes or RBCs)

 White Blood Cells (also called leukocytes)

Types of Blood Vessel

The human circulatory system consists of several circuits:

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