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    Luo Coalesce Nce Model

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    Ashish Uppu
    Fluent

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Luo Coalesce Nce Model

    Uploaded by

    Ashish Uppu
    65 views2 pages
    Fluent

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Fluent

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    65 views2 pages

    Luo Coalesce Nce Model

    Uploaded by

    Ashish Uppu
    Fluent

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Population Balance Model Theory

    where particles of volume − ′ aggregate with particles of volume  ′ to form particles of volume  .
    The factor is included to avoid accounting for each collision event twice.

    The death rate of particles of volume  due to aggregation is given by


    ∞
    
    = ∫    ′     ′  ′ (2.31)

    Important

    The breakage and aggregation kernels depend on the nature of the physical application. For
    example, in gas-liquid dispersion, the kernels are functions of the local liquid-phase turbulent
    dissipation.

    The following is a list of aggregation functions available in ANSYS Fluent:

    • Constant

    • Luo model

    • Free molecular model

    • Turbulent model

    • User-defined model

    The Luo, free molecular, and turbulent aggregation functions are described in detail in the sections that
    follow.

    2.2.2.8. Luo Aggregation Kernel


    For the Luo model [17] (p. 63), the general aggregation kernel is defined as the rate of particle volume
    formation as a result of binary collisions of particles with volumes and  :

        =        ⎡⎣    ⎤⎦ (2.32)

    where #$ % & ⎡⎣  ' !" ⎤⎦ is the frequency of collision and (*+ ), ) - is the probability that the
    collision results in coalescence. The frequency is defined as follows:
    0 8
    .45 /6 /7 = 1 6 + 1 7 2 62 7 3 67 (2.33)

    where 9 :; is the characteristic velocity of collision of two particles with diameters < = and > ? and
    number densities @ A and B C.
    HIG
    D EF = D GE + D GF (2.34)

    where
    J M= KL M NOP (2.35)

    Release 15.0 - © SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information
    14 of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
    The Population Balance Equation (PBE)

    The expression for the probability of aggregation is


    ⎧  ⎫
    ⎪⎪ ⎡ + 

    + 
    ⎤ ⎪
    ⎣ ⎦   ⎪
     =  ⎨ −   
    ⎬ (2.36)
    ⎪   + + 
    ⎪
    ⎪⎩ ⎪ ⎭
    where  is a constant of order unity,   =    ,  and   are the densities of the primary and sec-
    ondary phases, respectively, and the Weber number is defined as
    %
    
      "# = $ " "# (2.37)
    !
    2.2.2.9. Free Molecular Aggregation Kernel
    Real particles aggregate and break with frequencies (or kernels) characterized by complex dependencies
    over particle internal coordinates [28] (p. 64). In particular, very small particles (say up to &') aggregate
    because of collisions due to Brownian motions. In this case, the frequency of collision is size-dependent
    and usually the following kernel is implemented:
    0
    * + )- +) .
    ( )- ) . = / (2.38)
    , ) -) .
    where 1 2 is the Boltzmann constant, 3 is the absolute temperature, 4 is the viscosity of the suspending
    fluid. This kernel is also known as the Brownian kernel or the perikinetic kernel.

    2.2.2.10. Turbulent Aggregation Kernel


    During mixing processes, mechanical energy is supplied to the fluid. This energy creates turbulence
    within the fluid. The turbulence creates eddies, which in turn help dissipate the energy. The energy is
    transferred from the largest eddies to the smallest eddies in which it is dissipated through viscous in-
    teractions. The size of the smallest eddies is the Kolmogorov microscale, 5, which is expressed as a
    function of the kinematic viscosity and the turbulent energy dissipation rate:
    9:;
    ⎛ 6 <⎞
    7 = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ (2.39)
    ⎝ 8 ⎠
    In the turbulent flow field, aggregation can occur by two mechanisms:

    • viscous subrange mechanism: this is applied when particles are smaller than the Kolmogorov microscale,
    =
    • inertial subrange mechanism: this is applied when particles are bigger than the Kolmogorov microscale.
    In this case, particles assume independent velocities.

    For the viscous subrange, particle collisions are influenced by the local shear within the eddy. Based
    on work by Saffman and Turner [27] (p. 64), the collision rate is expressed as,
    F
    A ?C +? D
    > ? C ? D = @E B (2.40)

    Release 15.0 - © SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information
    of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates. 15

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