Physics A

A2 Magnectic fields
Adedayo Elegbede
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this paper and the original.
Duration: 35 mins
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• The quality of written communication is assessed in questions marked with either a pencil or an asterisk. In History and
Geography a Quality of extended response question is marked with an asterisk, while a pencil is used for questions in
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• The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
• The total number of marks for this paper is 24.
• The total number of marks may take into account some 'either/or' question choices.

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 1(a). Fig. 5.1 shows a horizontal copper wire placed between the opposite poles of a permanent magnet. The wire is
held in tension T by the clamps at each end. The length of the wire in the magnetic field of flux density 0.032
tesla is 6.0 cm.

A direct current I of 2.5 A is passed through the wire as shown.

(i) On Fig. 5.1 draw an arrow to indicate the direction of the force F on the wire.

[1]

(ii) Calculate the magnitude of F.

F = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ N [1]

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 (b). The direct current is changed to an alternating current of constant amplitude and variable frequency, causing the
wire to oscillate. The frequency of the current is increased until the fundamental natural frequency of the wire is
found as shown in Fig. 5.2. This is 70 Hz.

(i) In the situation shown in Fig. 5.2 the amplitude of the oscillation of the centre point of the wire is 4.0 mm.
Calculate the maximum acceleration of the wire at this point.

maximum acceleration = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ m s−2[2]

(ii) The frequency is increased until another stationary wave pattern occurs. The amplitude of this stationary
wave is much smaller.

1 Sketch this pattern on Fig. 5.3 and state the frequency

frequency = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Hz [1]

2 Explain why the amplitude is so small. Suggest how the experiment can be modified to increase the
amplitude.

[3]

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 (c).

The speed v of a transverse wave along the wire is given by where T is the tension and μ is the mass
per unit length of the wire.

(i) Assume that both the length and mass per unit length remain constant when the tension in the wire is halved.
Calculate the frequency of the new fundamental mode of vibration of the wire.

frequency = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Hz [1]

(ii) In practice the mass per unit length changes because the wire contracts when the tension is reduced. For the
situation in which the tension is halved the strain reduction is found to be 0.4%.

1 Calculate the percentage change in μ. State both the size and sign of the change.

percentage change in μ = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ % [1]

2 Write down the percentage error this causes in your answer to (i). State, giving your reasoning, whether
the actual frequency would be higher or lower than your value.

[2]

2. An electron moves in a circle of radius 2.0 cm in a uniform magnetic field of flux density 170 mT.

What is the momentum of this electron?

A 3.4 × 10−3 kg m s−1

B 5.4 × 10−17 kg m s−1

C 1.4 × 10−18 kg m s−1

D 5.4 × 10−22 kg m s–1

Your answer [1]

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 3(a). A small thin rectangular slice of semiconducting material has width a and thickness b and carries a current I.
The current is due to the movement of electrons. Each electron has charge –e and mean drift velocity v.
A uniform magnetic field of flux density B is perpendicular to the direction of the current and the top face of the
slice as shown in Fig. 2.1.

Fig. 2.1

As soon as the current is switched on, the moving electrons in the current are forced towards the shaded rear
face of the slice where they are stored. This causes the shaded faces to act like charged parallel plates. Each
electron in the current now experiences both electric and magnetic forces. The resultant force on each electron
is now zero.

Write the expressions for the electric and magnetic forces acting on each electron and use these to show that
the magnitude of the potential difference V between the shaded faces is given by

V = Bva.

[3]

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 (b). The slice is mounted and used as a measuring instrument called a Hall probe.
A cell is connected to provide the current in the slice. The potential difference across the slice is measured by
a separate voltmeter.

A student wants to measure the magnetic flux density between the poles of two magnets mounted on a steel
yoke as shown in Fig. 2.2. The magnitude of the flux density is between 0.02 T and 0.04 T.

Fig. 2.2

(i) Suggest one reason why this Hall probe is not a suitable instrument to measure the magnetic flux density for
the arrangement shown in Fig. 2.2.

[1]

(ii) Another method of measuring the magnetic flux density for the arrangement shown in Fig. 2.2 is to insert a
current-carrying wire between the poles of the magnet.
Explain how the magnetic flux density can be determined using this method and discuss which
measurement in the experiment leads to the greatest uncertainty in the value for the magnetic flux density.

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 [4]

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 4. Fig. 20 illustrates a device used to determine the relative abundance of charged rubidium ions.

Fig. 20

A uniform magnetic field is applied to an evacuated chamber. The direction of the magnetic field is perpendicular
to the plane of the paper.

A beam of positive rubidium ions enters the chamber through a hole at H. The ions travel in a semi-circular path
in the magnetic field. The ions are detected at point D.

Each rubidium ion has charge +1.6 × 10–19 C and speed 4.8 × 104 m s–1.
The radius of the semi-circular path of the ions is 0.18 m.
The mass of a rubidium ion is 1.4 × 10–25 kg.

Calculate the magnitude of the magnetic flux density B of the magnetic field.

B = ......................................................T [3]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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 Mark Scheme

Question Answer/Indicative content Marks Guidance

1 a i F upwards between poles B1

ii F = Bll = 0.032 × 2.5 × 0.06 = 4.8 × 10–3 B1

(N)

b i a = (–) 4π2f2x = 4 × 9.87 × 4900 × 0.004 C1 allow 774 (m s–2)

i a = 770 (m s–2) A1

ii 1 sketch showing one wavelength and 140 B1 both sketch and value required for 1 mark
(Hz)

ii 2 driving force is around nodal point / AW; B1 max 3 of the 4 marking points

ii points either side of nodal point try to move B1

in opposite directions when force in one
direction / AW;

ii move magnet to antinodal point; ¼ of B1 not increase current

distance between clamps

c i f α √T so f = 70/√2 = 49 or 50 Hz B1

ii 1 μ increases / goes up by 0.4% B1 allow +0.4% NOT 0.4%

ii 2 0.2%, B1 or half of answer to (ii)1

ii f is lower because μ is bigger and μ is on B1 or greater inertia present with same

the bottom of the formula restoring force / other physical argument

Total 12

2 D 1

Total 1

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 Mark Scheme

Question Answer/Indicative content Marks Guidance

3 a F = Bev and F = eE B1 allow Q or q for e

E = V / a or F = ( eE) = eV / a B1
Bev = eV / a giving V = Bva B1
Examiner’s Comments
This was an exercise in writing basic
definitions in algebraic form and then using
them to derive a given equation. More than
half of the candidates managed to gain full
marks with less than one third scoring
zero. The presentation was sometimes
difficult to follow with the inclusion of
unnecessary equations and deletions and
the substitution of d for a in the last line.

b i Hall probe only compares B-fields / AW B1 allow any sensible comment, e.g. how do
or V will be too small / less than 1 mV so you convert the measured V into a B value
not easy to measure

ii find B using F = BIl; B1 max 4 of the 5 marking points

F is measured by weighing magnets B1 alt measure F by adding small masses to
(e.g. placed on top pan balance assuming wire to return it to zero current position
wire is fixed);
graph of F against I to find B(l) from B1 or use readings of F at several I to find
gradient / AW; average F/I, etc.

greatest uncertainty: measurement of l in B1 or measurement of small masses in alt.

B-field sensible reason / justification for B1 method, etc quantitative suggestion about
choosing l or small masses % error i.e. l small (1 mm in 60) leading to
large % uncertainty or difficulty in
determining edge / end of B-field

Examiner’s Comments
Most candidates did not refer back to
(b)(ii), noting that the potential difference
across the Hall probe would be very small
making the probe an unsuitable instrument
for measuring the magnetic flux density, B.
However almost all were familiar with the
experiment where the magnets are
mounted on a top pan balance with a fixed
wire carrying the current. Only a small
number varied the current and plotted
a graph to obtain a more accurate value of
B. Also few appreciated that the edges of
the field spread out making the length of
wire in the field the least reliable
measurement.

Total 8

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 Mark Scheme

Question Answer/Indicative content Marks Guidance

4 F = BQv and F =mv2/r or B = mv/Qr (Any C1 Allow e

subject)
Examiner’s Comments
(B =) C1
This question on the circular motion of
charged particles in a uniform magnetic
field was answered with confidence and
B = 0.23 (T)
A1 flair. Most candidates got the correct
answer of 0.23 T for the magnetic flux
density. A small number of candidates,
mainly at the low-end, were using incorrect
equation for the magnetic force
experienced by the ions. Some of these
equations were hybrids of the electric force
experienced by charged particles.

Total 3

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