Brief History of Type Writer

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Brief history of type wrister

During the 18th & 19th centuries, many inventors tried to develop an accurate, inexpensive, and
easy-to-use typewriter. Then, in 1867, three American inventors from Milwaukee succeeded. The
first practical typewriter was patented in 1868 by Christopher L. Sholes, Carlos Glidden, and
Samuel W. Soule.
Sholes developed a greatly improved version of the typewriter, then joined with James Densmore to
manufacture and sell the new machine. E. Remington and Sons, the gun manufacturer, bought the
manufacturing rights from Sholes and Densmore in 1873.
Once the Remington typewriter became popular, other firms began manufacturing similar
machines. Portable typewriters hit the market in the early 1900s, and electric typewriters appeared
in the 1920s.
During the typewriter's heyday, manufacturers produced over 5,000 types of keyboards with
specialized features such as letters and symbols for different languages, music symbols, or braille.
Typewriter
-is a hand-operated character printer for printing written messages one character at a time.
-it can be either mechanical or electromechanical.
-characters are produced when the typist presses a key that strikes a ribbon to transfer ink or
carbon impressions onto the paper.
Typewriters are still used in circumstances of criminal activity.
Typewriting identification
-identification of typewriting is done primarily to determine the make and model of the typewriter
used to produce a document ,or whether or not a particular suspect typewriter might have been
used to produce a document.
Typewriting identification is generally requested in order to determine:
1. The type, make,and model of the machine that produced the questioned document.
2. Whether a particular typewriter produced a specific document.
3. When the questioned document was produced.
4. Whether the typed material was produced continuously.
Techniques in Typewriting Identification
To identify the particular machine used in questioned documents and determine the date of
writing, the document examiner can first examine the following:
1. The design, size and proportions of all characters.
2. The relation of the character as printed to adjacent characters or the vertical and
horizontal alignment.
3. The vertical position of the character in relation to the line of writing that its
perpendicularity or slant to the left or right.
4. The comparative weight of impression of the upper, lower, right or left sides of each
character or how the type stands “on its feet”.
5. The condition of the typeface and the presence of defects, bruises or scars in the letters due
to wear or accidents.
Kinds of typewriter
1. Elite
-is a type of typewriter that can types twelve(12) characters to an inch and 102 characters
on one whole sheet of paper.
2. Pica
-has big prints and can type ten(10) characters to an inch and 85 characters on a sheet of
paper.
Determining document genuineness

In the examination of questioned typewriting, the following points may be involved in
determining whether or not the document is genuine:
1. Whether the date, words or figure of the document have been changed.
2. Whether the typewriting was done in one continuous operation or whether a part was
written at one time and another at a later time on one machine or a different machine.
3. Whether the addition, alterations or interlineations were written at the same time on the
same machine, or written at different time, on different machines.
4. Whether typewritten pages have been substituted or inserted in the document without
authority, or after the document was formally executed.
5. Whether the typewriting is an original or a carbon copy.
6. whether the typewriting corresponds with the date, number and model of the machine on
which it is purported to have been written.
Defect
-describes any formally or maladjustment in a typewriter which reflected in its work and lead to
its individualization or identification.
Typewriter defects:
1. Horizontal mal-alignment
-occurs as typewriter individualities when a character defectively strikes to the right or left
of normal allotted striking position.
2. Off its feet

-the condition of a typeface printing heavier in one side or corner than over the remainder
to its outline.
3. Permanent defect
-any identifying characteristic of a typewriter which cannot be corrected by simply cleaning
typeface or replacing the ribbon is classed as apermanent defect.
-this term is not absolutely accurate since all defects in typewriters undergo modification
and change in time.
4. Platen
-the cylinder which serves as the bucking of the paper which absorbs the blow from the
typeface.
5. Proportional spacing typewriter

-modern form of typewriting which resembles printing in that all of the letters, numerical,
and symbols do not occupy the same horizontal space as the conventional typewriter.
6. Rebound
-a defect in which a character prints a double impress on with the lighter one slightly off act
to the right or left.
7. Ribbon
-made of fine cotton fibers;numbered according to the quality or grade, which may vary
from 260-272 threads to the square inch and from about .0005-.0006 inch in thickness.
8. Ribbon impression
-typewriting which is made directly through a cloth ribbon.
9. San-serif
-a type of font which has no cross-strokes; san means ”without”.
10. Serif
-a serif font has short cross-strokes that project from the top and bottom of the main stroke
of a letter.
11. Transitory defects
-an identifying typewriter characteristics which can be eliminated by cleaning the machine
or replacing the ribbon is described as a transitory defect
-a clogged typeface against the ribbon and paper makes the typewritten impression.
12. Typeface defects

-the real clincher of most typewriting identifications, which include broken serifs,
scaritication, flattened and damaged portions of typeface.
13. Twisted letter

-each letter and character is designed to print at a certain fixed angle to the baseline.
-due to wear and damage to the type bars and the type block, some letters become twisted
so that they lean to the right or left of their correct slant.
14. Vertical mal-alignment

-a character printing above or above or below its proper position.
15. Warp
-those threads that run horizontally toward the length of the ribbon.
16. Woof
-threads that run vertically or across-over the warp form the “woof” or filling of the ribbon.

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Bangsail,jamdz vall l.

Brief history of type wrister

Typewriters are still used in circumstances of criminal activity.

Determining document genuineness

2. Off its feet

5. Proportional spacing typewriter

12. Typeface defects

13. Twisted letter

14. Vertical mal-alignment

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