UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level

* 5 6 5 8 0 0 8 1 4 2 *

BIOLOGY 5090/22
Paper 2 Theory October/November 2010
1 hour 45 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Section A
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper.
Section B
Answer all the questions including questions 6, 7 and 8 Either or 8 Or.
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper.
Write an E (for Either) or an O (for Or) next to the number 8 in the Examiner’s grid below to indicate which
question you have answered.

You are advised to spend no longer than one hour on Section A and no longer
than 45 minutes on Section B. For Examiner’s Use
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part Section A
question.
Section B

Total

This document consists of 12 printed pages.

DC (CW/SW) 24340/4
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Section A

Answer all the questions in this section.

Write your answers in the spaces provided.

1 Fig. 1.1 shows a vertical section through a human heart. The valves have not been shown.

B
A

Fig. 1.1

(a) Identify structures A and B in Fig. 1.1.

A ..............................................

B .............................................. [2]

(b) Complete Fig. 1.1 by drawing the valves to show how they control the direction of blood flow
through the heart. [4]

(c) On Fig. 1.1, draw arrows to show the direction of blood flow into, through and out of the heart.
[2]

Some people have a condition known as ‘a hole in the heart’. This allows a connection between
the left and right atrium at point X in Fig. 1.1.

(d) Suggest two problems this might cause.

1. ...............................................................................................................................................

2. ...........................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 10]
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2 Similar crops were grown on the same farm over a five-year period.
Fig. 2.1 shows the effect on the number of insects present on the crops when an insecticide is
used in each of the five years.

100

80

60
insects present /
% of original
number
40

20

0
0 1 2 3 4 5
time / years
spraying of
insecticide started

Fig. 2.1

(a) State one way an insect might be

(i) helpful to the crops ............................................................................................................

(ii) harmful to the crops. ......................................................................................................[2]

(b) Explain why the percentage of insects began to rise in the second year until almost reaching
its original level.

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(c) Suggest three methods of improving the yield from the crops without the use of an
insecticide.

1. ...............................................................................................................................................

2. ...............................................................................................................................................

3. ...........................................................................................................................................[3]

[Total: 10]

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a water plant, bladderwort, that lives under water in a small lake. The bladderwort
traps then digests small water animals such as water fleas.

green water flea being

leaves digested in bladder
bladder

water flea

trap door

Fig. 3.1

(a) (i) State the process by which the plant is likely to obtain its carbohydrates.

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(ii) Suggest how the raw materials for this process are made available to the plant.

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The plant is able to supplement its nitrogen requirements by absorbing products from the digested
water fleas.

(b) (i) Name an enzyme the plant must produce in its bladder in order to allow it to carry out
this process.

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(ii) Name the chemicals absorbed by the bladder after digestion and suggest how the plant
uses them.

name .................................................................................................................................

use ....................................................................................................................................

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(c) State the form in which nitrogen-containing chemicals are absorbed by a plant growing on
land.

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[Total: 10]

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4 In some tropical plants, such as a mangrove, seeds have already germinated before they leave
the parent plant.
Fig. 4.1(a) shows, in section, one of these germinated seeds still attached to the stem of its parent.
Fig. 4.1(b) shows a growing seedling after it has left the parent plant.

stem of
parent plant
remains of
flower

C
D
seed fruit wall

soil
E

Fig. 4.1(a) Fig. 4.1(b)

(a) (i) Identify the structures C and D in Fig. 4.1(a).

C ..............................................

D .............................................. [2]

(ii) State the part of the embryo from which structure E has developed.

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(b) The air temperature is suitable for germination of the seed on the parent plant. Suggest how
the embryo obtains the other requirements for germination.

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(c) Suggest and explain how the genetic make-up of the seedling compares with that of the
parent plant.

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[Total: 11]

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5 Fig. 5.1 shows a computerised image taken through the thorax (chest) of a person lying on their
back.

F
G
H

Fig. 5.1

(a) Draw a line on Fig. 5.1 to show the position of the chest wall if the person breathes in deeply.
[1]

(b) Identify the structures F, G, H in Fig. 5.1.

F ..............................................

G ..............................................

H .............................................. [3]

(c) Explain the part played by structures H when the person breathes in.

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Section B

Answer all the questions, including questions 6, 7 and 8 Either or 8 Or.

Write your answers in the spaces provided.

6 (a) Explain what is meant by a hormone.

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(b) Give an example of a hormone and describe how it is involved in maintaining constant
conditions within the human body.

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7 (a) Describe the characteristics of bacteria.

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(b) Explain how bacteria can be used in biotechnology to manufacture a useful product.

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[Total: 10]

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8 Either Using an example to illustrate each process, describe how substances move into and out
of cells.

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8 Or Describe how a developing fetus in the uterus obtains and uses its metabolic requirements
and gets rid of its waste products.

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[Total: 10]
Copyright Acknowledgements:

Fig. 5.1 Neil Borden; Science Photo Library.

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2010 5090/22/O/N/10