Model Course 1.

13

Elementary First Aid

 First published as Medical Emergency - Basic Training in 1989 by the
INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION
4 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7SR

Revised edition 2000

Printed in the United Kingdom by CPC The Printers, Portsmouth

2 4 6 8 10 9 7 5 3

ISBN 92-801-6117-2

IMO PUBLICATION

Sales number: T113E

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
IMO wishes to express its sincere appreciation to the
International Labour Organization and the World Health Organization
for its valuable assistance and co-operation in the production of this course.

In particular, IMO wishes to thank the World Health Organization for

permission to utilize relevant parts of the International Medical Guide
for Ships as the course compendium.

Copyright©WHO 1988, IMO 2001

All rights reserved.

No Rart of this publication may, for sales purposes, be produced,
stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise,
without prior permission in writing from the International Maritime Organization.
 Contents

Page

~rewo~ v

Introduction 1

Part A: Course Framework 4

Part B: Course Outline and Timetable 6

Part C: Detailed Teaching Syllabus 9

•
Part D: Instructor Manual 15

Attachment: Guidanceon the implementationof modelcourses 19

 Foreword

Since its inception the International Maritime Organization has recognized the importance of
human resources to the development of the maritime industry and has given the highest
priority to assisting developing countries in enhancing their maritime training capabilities
through the provision or improvement of maritime training facilities at national and regional
levels. IMO has also responded to the needs of developing countries for postgraduate training
for senior personnel in administration, ports, shipping companies and maritime training
institutes by establishing the World Maritime University in Malmo, Sweden, in 1983.

Following the earlier adoption of the International Convention on Standards of Training,

Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978, a number of IMO Member Governments
had suggested that IMO should develop model training courses to assist in the implementation
of the Convention and in achieving a more rapid transfer of information and skills regarding
new developments in maritime technology. IMO training advisers and consultants also
subsequently determined from their visits to training establishments in developing countries
that the provision of model courses could help instructors improve the quality of their existing
courses and enhance their effectiveness in meeting the requirements of the Convention and
implementing the associated Conference and IMO Assembly resolutions.

In addition, it was appreciated that a comprehensive set of short model courses in various
fields of maritime training would supplement the instruction provided by maritime academies
and allow administrators and technical specialists already employed in maritime
administrations, ports and shipping companies to improve their knowledge and skills in certain
specialized fields. IMO has therefore developed the current series of model courses in
response to these generally identified needs and with the generous assistance of Norway.

These model courses may be used by any training institution and the Organization is prepared
to assist developing countries in implementing any course when the requisite financing is
available.

W. A. O'NEIL

Secretary-General
Introduction

• Purpose of the model courses

The purpose of the IMO model courses is to assist maritime training institutes and their
teaching staff in organizing and introducing new training courses, or in enhancing, updating
or supplementing existing training material where the quality and effectiveness of the training
courses may thereby be improved.

It is not the intention of the model course programme to present instructors with a rigid
"teaching package" which they are expected to "follow blindly". Nor is it the intention to
substitute audiovisual or "programmed" material for the instructor's presence. As in all training
endeavours, the knowledge, skills and dedication of the instructor are the key components in
the transfer of knowledge and skills to those being trained through IMO model course material.

Because educational systems and the cultural backgrounds of trainees in maritime subjects
vary considerably from country to country, the model course material has been designed to
identify the basic entry requirements and trainee target group for each course in universally
applicable terms, and the skill necessary to meet the technical intent of IMO conventions and
related recommendations .
•

• Use of the model course

To use the model course the instructor should review the course plan and detailed syllabus,
taking into account the information provided under the entry standards specified in the course
framework. The actual level of knowledge and skills and prior technical education of the
trainees should be kept in mind during this review, and any areas within the detailed syllabus
which may cause difficulties because of differences between the actual trainee entry level and
that assumed by the course designer should be identified. To compensate for such
differences, the instructor is expected to delete from the course, or reduce the emphasis on,
items dealing with knowledge or skills already attained by the trainees. He should also identify
any academic knowledge, skills or technical training which they may not have acquired.

By analyzing the detailed syllabus and the academic knowledge required to allow training in
the technical area to proceed, the instructor can design an appropriate pre-entry course or,
alternatively, insert the elements of academic knowledge required to support the technical
training elements concerned at appropriate points within the technical course.

Adjustment of the course objectives, scope and content may also be necessary if in your
maritime industry the trainees completing the course are to undertake duties which differ from
the cour~e objectives specified in the model course.

Within the course plan the course designers have indicated their assessment of the time which
should "be allotted to each learning area. However, it must be appreciated that these
allocations are arbitrary and assume that the trainees have fully met all the entry requirements
of the course. The instructor should therefore review these assessments and may need to
reallocate the time required to achieve each specific learning objective.
 ELEMENTARY FIRST AID

• Lesson plans

Having adjusted the course content to suit the trainee intake and any revision of the cours
objectives, the instructor should draw up lesson plans based on the detailed syllabus. Th
detailed syllabus contains specific references to the textbooks or teaching material proposel
to be used in the course. An example of a lesson plan is shown in the instructor manual 01
page 18. Where no adjustment has been found necessary in the learning objectives of thl
detailed syllabus, the lesson plans may simply consist of the detailed syllabus with keyword:
or other reminders added to assist the instructor in making his presentation of the material.

• Presentation

The presentation of concepts and methodologies must be repeated in various ways until thE
instructor is satisfied, by testing and evaluating the trainee's performance and achievements
that the trainee has attained each specific learning objective or training outcome. The syllabw
is laid out in learning objective format and each objective specifies a required performance or
what the trainee must be able to do as the learning or training outcome. Taken as a whole
these objectives aim to meet the knowledge, understanding and proficiency specified in thE
appropriate taQles of the STCW Code.

• Implementation

For the course to run smoothly and to be effective, considerable attention must be paid to the
availability and use of:

• properly qualified instructors

• support staff
• rooms and other spaces
• equipment
• textbooks, technical papers
• other reference material.

Thorough preparation is the key to successful implementation of the course. IMO has
produced "Guidance on the implementation of model courses", which deals with this aspect
in greater detail and is included as an attachment to this course.

• Training and the STCW 1995 Convention

The standards of competence that have to be met by seafarers are defined in Part A of the
STew Code in the Standards of Training, Certification and Watch keeping for Seafarers
Convention, as amended in 1995. This IMO model course has been revised and updated to
cover the competenc~s in STCW 1995. It sets out the education and training to achieve those
standards set out in Chapter VI Table A-VI/1-3.

Part A provides the framework for the course with its aims and objectives and notes on the
suggested teaching facilities and equipment. A list of useful teaching aids, IMO references
and textbooks is also included.
 INTRODUCTION

Part B provides an outline of lectures, demonstrations and exercises for the course. A
suggested timetable is included but from the teaching and learning point of view, it is more
important that the trainee achieves the minimum standard of competence defined in the STCW
Code than that a strict timetable is followed. Depending on their experience and ability, some
students will naturally take longer to become proficient in some topics than in others. Also
included in this section are guidance notes and additional explanations.

A separate IMO model course addresses Assessment of Competence. This course explains
the use of various methods for demonstrating competence and criteria for evaluating
competence as tabulated in the STCW Code.

Part C gives the Detailed Teaching Syllabus. This is based on the theoretical and practical
knowledge specified in the STCW Code. It is written as a series of learning objectives, in other
words what the trainee is expected to be able to do as a result of the teaching and training.
Each of the objectives is expanded to define a required performance of knowledge,
understanding and proficiency. IMO references, textbook references and suggested teaching
aids are included to assist the teacher in designing lessons.

The new training requirements for these competences are addressed in the appropriate parts
of the detailed teaching syllabus.

The Convention defines the minimum standards to be maintained in Part A of the STCW
Code. Mandatory provisions concerning Training and Assessment are given in Section A-I/G
of the STCW Code. These provisions cover: qualification of instructors; supervisors as
assessors; in-service training; assessment of competence; and training and assessment within
an institution. The corresponding Part B of the STCW Code contains non-mandatory guidance
on training and assessment.

As previously mentioned a separate model course addresses Assessment of Competence and

use of the criteria for evaluating competence tabulated in the STCW Code.

• Responsibilities of Administrations

Administrations should ensure that training courses delivered by colleges and academies are
such as to ensure those completing training do meet the standards of competence required
by STCW Regulation VI/1 .

• Validation

The inforn;tation contained in this document has been validated by the Sub-Committee on
Standards of Training and Watchkeeping for use by technical advisors, consultants and
experts for the training and certification of seafarers so that the minimum standards
implemeoted may be as unik)rm as possible. Validation in the context of this document means
that the Sub-Committee has found no grounds to object to its content. The Sub-Committee
has not granted its approval to the documents, as it considers that this work must not be
regarded as an official interpretation of the Convention.

In reaching a decision in this regard, the Sub-Committee was guided by the advice of a
Validation Group comprised of representatives designated by ILO and IMO.
 ELEMENTARY FIRST AID

Part A: Course Framework

Aims
This model course aims to provide the training for candidates to provide elementary first aid
on board ship, in accordance with Section A-VI/1 of the STCW Code.

Objective
This syllabus covers the requirements of the 1995 STCW Convention Chapter VI, Section A-
V/!1, Table A-VI/1-3. On meeting the minimum standard of competence in elementary first aid,
a trainee will be competent to take immediate action upon encountering an accident or medical
emergency until the arrival of a person with medical first aid skills or the person in charge of
medical care on board.

Entry standards
The course is open to all seafarers who are to serve on board sea-going merchant ships.
There are no particular educational requirements.

Course certijicate
On successful completion of the course and demonstration of competence, a document may
be issued certifying that the holder has met the standard of competence specified in Table A-
VI/1-3 of STCW 1995.

A certificate may be issued only by centres approved by the Administration.

Course intake limitations

The maximum number of trainees attending each session will depend on the availability of
instructors, equipment and facilities available for conducting the training. It should not exceed
six trainees per instructor.

Staff requirements
The course should preferably be under the control of a qualified first aider assisted by other
appropriately trained staff.

Training facilities and equipment

Ordinary classroom facilities and an overhead projector are required for the lectures. When
making use of audiovisual material such as videos or slides, make sure the appropriate
equipment is available.

Smaller rooms for practical instruction, demonstration and application should be available.

rhe following equipme.nt should be available:

..
ship's medical chest with contents (no drugs)
various splints, braces, etc
dressings, bandages
life-size dummy for practical resuscitation training
stretcher
 PART A: COURSE FRAMEWORK

Teaching aids (A)

A1 Instructor Manual (Part D of the course)

A2 Videos

First Aid Series:

V1 A Matter of Life and Death (Code No. 564)
V2 Dealing with Shock (Code No. 565)
V3 Bone and Muscle Injuries (Code No. 566)
V4 Dealing with the Unexpected (Code No. 567)
V5 Well Travelled? - Staying Healthy on Working Trips (Code No. 599)
V6 Entering into Enclosed Spaces (Edition 2) (Code No. 534)

Available from: Videotel Marine International Ltd

84 Newman Street
London W1 P 3LD, UK
Tel: +44 (0)20 7299 1800
Fax: +44 (0)20 7299 1818
E-mail: [email protected]
• URL: www.videotel.co.uk

All reference material necessary for the course has been incorporated in the Course
Compendium (T1)

IMO and other references (R)

R1 The International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watch keeping
for Seafarers, 1995 (STCW 1995), 1998 edition (IMO Sales No. 938E)
R2 Medical section (pages 111 to 148) of International Code of Signals, 1987 edition (IMO
Sales No. 994E)
R3 Assembly Resolution A.438(XI) - Training and qualification of persons in charge of
medical care aboard ship
R4 IMO/ILO Document for Guidance, 1985 (IMO Sales No. 935E)
R5 ILO/IMO/WHO International Medical Guide for Ships (IMGS), 2nd ed., (Geneva, World
Health Organization, 1988) (ISBN 924 154231 4)
R6 Medical First Aid Guide for use in Accidents Involving Dangerous Goods (MFAG) (IMO
Sales No. 251 E)

Details of distributors of IMO publications that maintain a permanent stock of all IMO
publications may be found on the IMO website at http://www.imo.org

Textbobks (T)
T1 A Course Compendium is provided for use as a textbook. This contains selected
extracts from ILO/IMO/WHO International Medical Guide for Ships (Ref R5)
..
ELEMENTARY FIRST AID

Part B: Course Outline and Timetable

Lectures
As far as possible, lectures should be presented within a familiar context and should make use
of practical examples. They should be well illustrated with diagrams, photographs and charts
where appropriate, and be related to life at sea.

An effective manner of presentation is to develop a technique of giving information and then

reinforcing it. For example, first tell the trainees briefly what you are going to present to them;
then cover the topic in detail; and, finally, summarize what you have told them. The use of an
overhead projector and the distribution of copies of the transparencies as trainees' handouts
contribute to the learning process.

Course Outline
The tables that follow list the competencies and areas of knowledge, understanding and
proficiency, together with the estimated total hours required for lectures and practical
exercises. Teaching staff should note that timings are suggestions only and should be
adapted to suit individual groups of trainees depending on their experience, ability, equipment
and staff available for training.