HIGH-​ ​YIELDING​ ​ONE​ ​LINERS 

 
​ ​•​ ​Subepithelial​ ​Humps​ ​are​ ​seen​ ​in​ ​Acute​ ​Poststreptococcal​ ​Glomerulonephritis 
​ ​•​ ​Linear​ ​Subendothelial​ ​are​ ​seen​ ​in​ ​Goodpasture’s​ ​(Type​ ​II) 
​ ​•​ ​Mesangial​ ​Deposits​ ​are​ ​seen​ ​in​ ​IgA​ ​Nephropathy 
​ ​•​ ​Spike​ ​and​ ​Dome​ ​are​ ​seen​ ​in​ ​Membranous 
​ ​•​ ​Subendothelial​ ​Humps​ ​are​ ​seen​ ​in​ ​Membranoproliferative 
​ ​•​ ​Azithromycin​ ​–​ ​administered​ ​to​ ​HIV​ ​+​ ​patients​ ​can​ ​prevent​ ​Mycobacterium​ ​Avium 
​ ​•​ ​Ethambutol​ ​–​ ​inhibits​ ​arabinosyl​ ​transferase​ ​which​ ​polymerizes​ ​arabinose​ ​into 
arabinan​ ​etc.​ ​SideEffects​ ​Ã​ ​Optic​ ​Neuritis 
•​ ​Rifampin​ ​–​ ​inhibits​ ​bacterial​ ​DNA​ ​dependent​ ​RNA​ ​polymerase​ ​and​ ​thus​ ​prevents 
transcription​ ​of​ ​DNA​ ​into​ ​mRNA. 
•​ ​Isoniazid​ ​–​ ​inhibits​ ​mycolic​ ​acid​ ​synthesis. 
•​ ​FF​ ​=​ ​GFR/RPF​ ​GFR​ ​=​ ​Creatinine​ ​Clearance/Inulin 
•​ ​RPF​ ​=​ ​PAH 
•​ ​Fibroadenoma​ ​–​ ​cellular​ ​myxoidstroma,​ ​sometimes​ ​there​ ​are​ ​compressed​ ​cystic 
spaces. 
•​ ​Spongiosis​ ​-​ ​epidermal​ ​accumulation​ ​of​ ​edematous​ ​fluid​ ​in​ ​the​ ​intercellular​ ​spaces. 
•​ ​Diphenoxylate​ ​–​ ​opiate​ ​anti-diarrheal​ ​structurally​ ​related​ ​to​ ​Meperidine. 
•​ ​Octreotide​ ​–​ ​good​ ​for​ ​secretory​ ​diarrhea,​ ​which​ ​is​ ​a​ ​Somatostatin​ ​Analog 
•​ ​Urease​ ​–​ ​converts​ ​urea​ ​to​ ​carbondioxide​ ​and​ ​ammonia​ ​and​ ​thus​ ​increases​ ​pH  
•​ ​Radiation​ ​Therapy​ ​-​ ​causes​ ​1)​ ​DNA​ ​double​ ​strand​ ​breakage​ ​2)formation​ ​of​ ​free 
radical 
•​ ​Methadone​ ​–​ ​has​ ​a​ ​long​ ​half​ ​life 
•​ ​In​ ​Fetal​ ​Lungs​ ​-​ ​after​ ​30​ ​weeks​ ​there​ ​is​ ​an​ ​increase​ ​in​ ​Lecithin 
•​ ​After​ ​36​ ​weeks​ ​there​ ​is​ ​a​ ​rise​ ​in​ ​Phosphatydylglycerol 
•​ ​Males​ ​with​ ​5​ ​α​ ​reductase​ ​deficiency​ ​-​ ​feminized​ ​external​ ​genitalia,​ ​small​ ​phallus​ ​and 
Hypospadias​ ​are​ ​common. 
•​ ​Repair​ ​Damage​ ​–​ ​Glycosylase​ ​ÃEndonuclease​ ​Ã​ ​Lyase​ ​Ã​ ​DNA​ ​Polymerase​ ​Ã​ ​Ligase 
•​ ​H.​ ​Pylori​ ​–​ ​most​ ​common​ ​cause​ ​of​ ​duodenal​ ​ulcers 
•​ ​CMV​ ​in​ ​immunocompromised​ ​–Mononucleosis 
•​ ​Retinitis​ ​in​ ​CMV​ ​–​ ​HIV+​ ​Patients 
•​ ​Primary​ ​CNS​ ​Lymphoma​ ​–​ ​most​ ​commonly​ ​associated​ ​with​ ​AIDS 
•​ ​Squamous​ ​Cell​ ​Lung​ ​Cancer​ ​–produces​ ​Parathyroid​ ​Hormone​ ​Related​ ​Peptide, 
which​ ​in​ ​turn​ ​will​ ​decrease​ ​PTH 
•​ ​Campylobacter​ ​–​ ​can​ ​be​ ​transmitted​ ​from​ ​domestic​ ​animals 
•​ ​Shigella​ ​-​ ​is​ ​transmitted​ ​via​ ​fecal​ ​oral​ ​in​ ​day​ ​care​ ​centers 
•​ ​Keratin​ ​-​ ​marker​ ​of​ ​epithelial​ ​cell​ ​origin. 
•​ ​Secretin​ ​-​ ​produced​ ​by​ ​endocrine​ ​cells​ ​in​ ​the​ ​duodenum,that​ ​increases​ ​bicarbonate 
secretion​ ​from​ ​exocrine​ ​pancreas​ ​into​ ​the​ ​small​ ​bowel. 
•​ ​Alprazolam​ ​–​ ​benzodiazepine​ ​with​ ​the​ ​shortest​ ​half​ ​life,​ ​which​ ​is​ ​used​ ​in​ ​Acute 
Anxiety. 
•​ ​Diazepam,​ ​Chlordiazepoxide​ ​and​ ​Clonazepam​ ​–​ ​longest​ ​half​ ​life,​ ​used​ ​in​ ​prophylaxis. 
•​ ​Sheets​ ​of​ ​Primitive​ ​Cells​ ​with​ ​Many​ ​Mitotic​ ​Figures​ ​–Medulloblastoma 
•​ ​Most​ ​Common​ ​Tumors​ ​in​ ​Children: 
•​ ​Pilocytic​ ​Astrocytoma​ ​-​ ​Rosenthal​ ​Fibers 
•​ ​Medulloblastoma-​ ​sheets​ ​of​ ​small​ ​blue​ ​cells,​ ​many​ ​mitotic​ ​figures 
•​ ​Ependyoma​ ​–​ ​can​ ​cause​ ​Hydrocephalus​ ​and​ ​form​ ​Rosettes 
•​ ​Orthostatic​ ​Hypotension​ ​–​ ​side​ ​effects​ ​of​ ​α​ ​adrenergic​ ​blockers. 
•​ ​AML​ ​-​ ​has​ ​associations​ ​with​ ​t(15,17),​ ​t(8,21)​ ​and​ ​Auer​ ​Rods​ ​are​ ​stained​ ​with 
Myeloperoxidase. 
•​ ​CLL​ ​–​ ​deletion​ ​on​ ​Chromosome​ ​13 
•​ ​Mantle​ ​Cell​ ​B​ ​Lymphoma​ ​–​ ​t(11,14) 
•​ ​Dobutamine​ ​–​ ​causes​ ​increase​ ​in​ ​cardiac​ ​contractility​ ​and​ ​increase​ ​in​ ​Heart​ ​Rate 
•​ ​Tumors​ ​of​ ​Schwann​ ​Cells​ ​–​ ​are​ ​derived​ ​from​ ​neural​ ​Crest​ ​Cells. 
•​ ​Patients​ ​with​ ​CGD​ ​–​ ​susceptible​ ​to​ ​1)​ ​Staph​ ​Aureus​ ​2)​ ​Pseudomonas​ ​3)Serratia 
Nocardia​ ​5)​ ​Aspergillus 
•​ ​Rosenthal​ ​Fibers​ ​–​ ​with​ ​granular​ ​eosinophilic​ ​bodies​ ​are​ ​seen​ ​in​ ​Pilocytic 
Astrocytoma.​ ​They​ ​are​ ​well​ ​differentiated​ ​comprised​ ​of​ ​spindle​ ​cells​ ​with​ ​hair​ ​like​ ​glial 
projections 
•​ ​Atropine​ ​–​ ​reverses​ ​muscarinic​ ​effects​ ​but​ ​does​ ​not​ ​prevent​ ​the​ ​development​ ​of 
nicotinic​ ​effects​ ​such​ ​as​ ​muscle​ ​paralysis 
•​ ​Pralidoxime​ ​–​ ​reverses​ ​both​ ​muscarinic​ ​and​ ​nicotinic​ ​effects​ ​of​ ​organophosphates​ ​by 
“restoring”cholinesterase. 
•​ ​Calcium​ ​–​ ​binds​ ​to​ ​Troponin​ ​C​ ​and​ ​then​ ​uncovers​ ​tropomyosin​ ​sites,thus​ ​allowing 
actin​ ​to​ ​bind​ ​to​ ​myosin. 
•​ ​S​ ​3​ ​Heart​ ​Sound​ ​–​ ​can​ ​be​ ​heard​ ​if​ ​the​ ​patient​ ​lies​ ​down​ ​in​ ​Left​ ​Lateral​ ​Decubitus 
Position​ ​or​ ​Exhale​ ​Completely 
•​ ​RBF​ ​=​ ​Renal​ ​Plasma​ ​Flow/​ ​(1-Hematocrit) 
•​ ​In​ ​Metabolic​ ​Alkalosis​ ​–​ ​measure​ ​patient’s​ ​Urinary​ ​Chloride