Design of SP

UPPER PENNAR PROJECT
MAIN CANAL FROM JEEDIPALLI RESERVOIR TO UPPER PENNAR RESERVOIR

DESIGN OF SUPER PASSAGE AT Km. 18.260
Hydraulic particulars of Canal

Discharge (required) = 14.228 Cumecs
Discharge (designed) = 14.731 Cumecs
Bed width = 6.50 m
FSD = 2.25 m
Free Board = 0.75 m
Velocity = 0.75 m/sec
Side slopes = 1 :1
coefficient of rugocity = 0.03
1 In 3500
CBL = 497.626 / 497.626 m
FSL = 499.876 / 499.876 m
TBL = 500.626 / 500.626 m
Bank widths L / R = 7.925 / 4 m
Lowest stresm BL @ 25.00 m D/S = 501.633 m
Lowest stresm BL @ 0.000 c/c = 501.724 m
Bed level at 25m U/s = 502.436 m
Loss of head proposed as per HP's = 0.000 m
Hydraulic Particulars of Stream
Catchment area 'M' = 1.22 Sq.km
M = 0.471 Sq. Miles
Discharge 'Q' as per Dicken's formulae
Q = CM3/4
Where C = 1400 (If catchment area is less than 1 Sq. Mile)
= 1200 (If catchment area is more than 1 Sq. Mile)
= 1060 (If catchment area is more than 30 Sq. Mile)
In this design the 'C' value = 1400
Max. Flood Discharge 'Q' from stream from free catchment area = 1400 x 0.471^ 3/4
= 795.965 Cusecs
= 22.540 Cumecs
Surplus discharge from near by tank (if any) = 0 Cumecs
Total flood discharge = 22.54 + 0

= 22.540 Cumecs
Page 1 of 105
MFL CALCULATIONS OF STREAM AT:
Calculaton of bed fall of vagu:
Ground Distance Bed fall

Location 1/n
Sl. No level in m "n"
Bed level on U/S of vagu at 300 505.449
1 600 0.009702 103.072
Bed level on D/S of vagu at -300 499.628

2 500 0.008584 116.496

3 400 0.008727 114.587

4 200 0.008415 118.835

5 100 0.01066 93.809
Total 546.799
Average bed fall = 546.799 / 5

= 1 In 109.36
TOTAL DISCHARGE ( Q ) = 22.540 cumecs

PERCENTAGE = 100 %
DISCHARGE ( Q ) = 22.540
COEFFT.OF RUGOSITY 'n' = 0.030
ASSUMED WATER LEVEL = 502.220 m
SURFACE FALL = 1 IN 109.360
ASSUMED SURFACE FALL = 0.009144
Cross section at 0.000 m at center of crossing point
Ref point Ground Horizontal Ground Depth of Average Horizontal
Area
in C/S level Distance level flow depth Distance
-60 503.067 502.220 0.000

10 0.000 0.000 0.000
-50 502.776 502.220 0.000
10 0.000 0.000 0.000
-40 502.462 502.220 0.000
10 0.052 2.986 0.154
-30 502.117 502.117 0.103
10 0.155 10.000 1.550
-20 502.013 502.013 0.207
10 0.286 10.000 2.855
-10 501.856 501.856 0.364
10 0.430 10.000 4.300
Page 2 of 105
0 501.724 501.724 0.496
10 0.379 10.000 3.785
10 501.959 501.959 0.261
10 0.257 10.000 2.565
20 501.968 501.968 0.252
10 0.231 10.000 2.310
30 502.010 502.010 0.210
10 0.105 7.095 0.745
40 502.306 502.220 0.000
10 0.000 0.000 0.000
50 502.641 502.220 0.000
10 0.000 0.000 0.000
60 502.929 502.220 0.000
120.000 0.496 70.080 18.264
SURFACE FALL ( S ) = 0.009144

MAX.DEPTH = 0.496 m.
WETTED PERIMETER = TOTAL HOR.DIST. + MAX.DEPTH
= 70.576 m.
AREA = 18.264 m²
R = 0.259 m.
R^2/3 = 0.406 m.
2/3
VELOCITY V = R x S1/2 / n = 1.294 m/sec.
DISCHARGE = 23.6 cumecs. > 22.540
Page 3 of 105
DESIGN OF TAIL CHANNEL
Stream discharge = 22.54 Cumecs
As per Cl. No. 8.1.2 of IS:7784 (Part 1), The water way of tail channel of approach channel can be
limited to 60 to 80 % of Lacey's regime wetted perimeter (LRWP)
Lacey's regime wetted perimeter (LRWP) = 4.8 √Q

= 4.8 x SQRT(22.54)
= 22.789 m
Consider 60% LRWP = 0.6 x 22.789
= 13.673 m
say 14.000 m
Bed width = 14 m
Assume depth of flow as = 1.400 m SAFE
Side slopes = 1.5 :1
Bed fall = 1 in 2000
coefficient of rugocity 'n' = 0.025
MFL
1.4 1.5 :1
SBL
14 m
Area (B + SD) D = (14 + 1.5 x 1.4) x 1.4

2
= 22.54 m
2
Perimeter B + 2D √(1+s ) = 14 + 2 x 1.4 SQRT (1 + 1.5²)
= 19.048 m
R = A/ P = 22.54 / 19.048
= 1.183
R2/3 = 1.119 m
S 1/2 = (1 / 2000)²
= 0.022361
There fore velocity as per mannings = 1/ n x R2/3 x S1/2

= 1.119 x 0.022361 / 0.025
= 1.001 m/sec
There fore discharge Q = A V = 22.54 x 1.001

= 22.563 Cumecs > 22.540 Cumecs
SAFE
Page 4 of 105
Fixing of trough dimensions for SUPER PASSAGE
Fixing length of the Trough:
Discahrge in the canal = 14.731 Cumecs

Canal bed level = 497.626 m
FSL of the canal = 499.876 m
Free board required in the canal as per discharge = 0.300 m
(As per IS 7784 Part 2 - Sec. 2)
Assuming the thickness of the slab = 0.250 m
Thickness of wearing coat in the TROUH = 0.075 m
Depth / Thickness of fillets = 0.100 m
Total thickness of slab including wearing coat & haunches = 0.425 m
Stream B.L. arrived as per the Free board condition = 499.876 + 0.3 + 0.425
= 500.601
Actual G.L./Stream B.L. at the point of crossing with canal (as per ground conditions)
= 501.633 m
Max. of the above two levels shall be considered in the design = 501.633 m
There fore stream B.L. considered in the design = 501.633 m
Over all length of the trough is proposed = 15.000 m

Assume the no of spans of trough slab is divided = 2 nos
Length of each trough slab = 15 / 2

= 7.5 m
Assuming the width of the support = 1.2 m
Clear span of each trough = 7.5 - 1.2

= 6.30 m
Width of the Trough
Discharge in the stream = 22.54 Cumecs

Assuming the Max. velocity in the trough = 2.00 m/s
Area of the trough required = 22.54 / 2
= 11.27 m2
Proposed depth of flow in the trough = 1.60 m
Bed width of trough is calculated as = 11.27 / 1.6

= 7.044 m
SAY = 7.500 m
Number of vents proposed = 3 nos

Width of each vent = 7.5 / 3
= 2.500 m
Number of intermediate walls = 2 nos
Width of each intermediate wall = 0.3 m
Number of end side walls = 2 nos

Width of each end side wall = 0.300 m
Over all inside width of the trough = 7.5 + 2 x 0.3

(Excluding end side walls) = 8.1 m
Overall outside width of the trough = 7.5 + 2 x 0.3 + 2 x 0.3

(including end & intermediate side walls) = 8.7 m
size of haunches = 0.15 x 0.15
Page 5 of 105
thickness of wearing coat = 0.075 m
area of haunches = 0.016875 m2
net area of the trough provided = 11.983 m2
net velocity inside the trough = 22.54 / 11.983

= 1.881 m/s
As the calculated velocity is less than the designed velocity 2 m/sec

HENCE DESIGN IS SAFE
Page 6 of 105
MAIN CANAL FROM JEEDIPALLI RESERVOIR TO UPPER PENNAR
DESIGN OF SUPER PASSAGE AT Km. 18.260
Flow diagram for TEL calculations of Super passage
Maximum flood discharge of the stream = 22.54 Cumecs

Surplus discharge from near by tank (if any) = 0 Cumecs
Total Maximum flood discharge of the stream = 22.54 Cumecs
No of vents proposed = 3 Nos

Width of each vent = 2.50 m
Total flow width = 3 x 2.5
= 7.5 m
No of intermediate side walls = 2 Nos
Width of intermediate wall = 0.3 m
No of end side walls = 2m

Width of end side walls = 0.3 m
Total FLOW width of trough (excluding side intermediate walls) = 7.5 m

Total width of trough (including intermediate walls) = 7.5 + 2 x 0.3
= 8.1 m
Thickness of wearing coat = 0.075 m
Size of haunches = 0.15 X 0.15
Accerlation due to gravity g = 9.81 m/sec
At Inspection path:
Width of piers (if any) = 0m
No fo piers = 0 Nos
Width of vent (including piers) = 8.1 m
Width of vent (excluding piers) = 8.1 m
No of vents = 1 Nos
At Non Inspection path (Foot bridge):

Width of piers (if any) = 0m
No fo piers = 0 Nos
Width of vent (including piers) = 8.1 m
Width of vent (excluding piers) = 8.1 m
No of vents = 1 Nos
Page 7 of 105
U/S & D/S Splay Calculations
Proposed bed width of stream in approach canal = 14 m
Proposed U/S transition splay = 3 :1
U/S length of transition = (14 - 8.1) / 2 x 3

= 8.85 m
Proposed bed width of stream in tail channel = 14 m
proposed D/S transition splay = 4 :1
D/S length of transition = (14 - 8.1) / 2 x 4

= 11.8 m
8.850 15.000 11.800
1 1
3 4
14 8.1 m 14 m
DRAIN FLOW
CANAL FLOW
Page 8 of 105
FLOW DIAGRAM FOR T.E.L. CALCULATIONS
PO BA
N M L K J I H G F E D C
3 4
14 14
8.1 8.1
Drop
8.1
N M L K J I H G F E D C
PO BA
8.850 5.2 3 15.000 3.000 1.8 11.800
Q
Stream flow
Canal flow
Page 9 of 105
TEL calculations
Flow condition at section A - A

Coefficient of rugocity 'n' = 0.025
Discharge 'Q' = 22.54 Cumecs
Bed level = 501.633 m
Flow depth = 1.4 m
Bed width = 14 m
Proposed U/S transition splay = 4 :1
Length of splay = (14 - 8.1) / 2) x 4
= 11.8 m
Area = (B+SD)D = (14 + 1.5 x 1.4) x 1.4
2
= 22.54 m
Velocity V1 = Q/A = 22.54 / 22.54
= 1.00 m/sec
Velocity head = V12/2g = 1² / 2x9.81
= 0.051 m
MFL = 501.633 + 1.4
= 503.033 m
TEL1 = MFL+ Velocity head = 503.033 + 0.051
= 503.084 m
Peremeter = B+2D√1+S2 = 14 + 2 x 1.4x SQRT(1+1.5²)
= 19.048 m
Hydraulic mean radius R= A/P = 22.54 / 19.048
= 1.183 m
Surface slope S1 = (V2 x n2)/ R4/3 = 1² x 0.025² / 1.183^(4/3)
= 0.0005 2000
M.F.L. + 503.033
1.5:1 1.5:1
1.4 m
Section A - A
B.L. + 501.633
14 m
Flow condition at section B - B

Side slopes = 0 :1
Flow depth = 1.392 m
Bed width = 14 m
Length from previous section = 0m
Area = (B+SD)D = (14 + 0 x 1.392) x 1.392
2
= 19.488 m
Velocity V2 = Q/A = 22.54 / 19.488
= 1.157 m/sec
Velocity head = V22/2g = 1.157² / 2x9.81
= 0.068 m
MFL = 501.633 + 1.392
= 503.025 m
= 503.093 m
Peremeter = B+2D√1+S2 = 14 + 2 x 1.392x SQRT(1+0²)
= 16.784 m
= 1.161 m
Surface slope S2 = (V2 x n2)/ R4/3 = 1.157² x 0.018² / 1.161^(4/3)
Page 10 of 105
= 0.000355
Eddy losses HE = 0.5(V22/2g-V12/2g) = 0.5 x (0.068 - 0.051)
= 0.0085 m
Friction losses HF = (S1+S2) x L/2 = (0.0005 + 0.000355)x 0 / 2
= 0
TEL3 after losses = TEL1+HE+HF = 503.084 + 0.0085 + 0
= 503.093 m
Difference of TEL's = TEL2-TEL3 = 503.093 - 503.093
= 0.000
M.F.L. + 503.025
0.0:1 0.0:1
1.392 m Section B - B
B.L. + 501.633
14 m
Flow condition at section C - C

Side slopes = 0 :1
Bed width = 8.100 m
Length from previous section = 11.8 m
Area = (B+SD)D = (8.1 + 0 x 1.284) x 1.284
2
= 10.4 m
Velocity V3 = Q/A = 22.54 / 10.4
= 2.167 m/sec
Velocity head = V32/2g = 2.167² / 2 x 9.81
= 0.239 m
MFL = 501.633 + 1.284
= 502.917 m
= 503.156 m
Peremeter = B+2D√1+S2 = 8.1 + 2 x 1.284x SQRT(1+0²)
= 10.668 m
= 0.975 m
= 0.001574
Eddy losses HE = 0.3 (V32/2g-V22/2g) = 0.3 x (0.239 - 0.068)
= 0.0513 m
Friction losses HF = (S2+S3) x L/2 = (0.000355 + 0.001574)x 11.8/ 2
= 0.011381
TEL5 after losses = TEL2+HE+HF = 503.093 + 0.0513 + 0.011381
= 503.156
= 0.000
M.F.L. + 502.917
0.0:1 0.0:1
1.284 m Section C - C
B.L. + 501.633
8.1 m
Page 11 of 105
Flow condition at section D - D
Side slopes = 0 :1
Vent width = 8.1 m
No of vents = 1 Nos
Bed width(excluding walls) = 8.100 m
Area = (B+SD)D = (8.1 x 1.284) x 1
2
= 10.4 m
Velocity V3 = Q/A = 22.54 / 10.4
= 2.167 m/sec
= 0.239 m
MFL = 501.633 + 1.284
= 502.917 m
= 503.156 m
Peremeter = B+2D√1+S2 = (8.1+ 2x1.284x SQRT(1+0²)) x1
= 10.668 m
= 0.975 m
= 0.001574
= 0m
Friction losses HF = (S2+S3) x L/2 = (0.001574 + 0.001574)x 0/ 2
= 0
TEL5 after losses = TEL2+HE+HF = 503.156 + 0 + 0
= 503.156 m
= 0.000
M.F.L. + 502.917
0.0:1 0.0:1
1.284 m Section D - D
B.L. + 501.633
8.1 m
Flow condition at section E - E

Side slopes = 0 :1
Vent width = 8.1 m
No of vents = 1 Nos
Bed width(excluding walls) = 8.100 m
Flow depth = 1.29 m
Area = (B+SD)D = (8.1 x 1.29) x 1
2
= 10.449 m
Velocity V3 = Q/A = 22.54 / 10.449
= 2.157 m/sec
= 0.237 m
MFL = 501.633 + 1.29
Page 12 of 105
= 502.923 m
= 503.16 m
= 10.68 m
= 0.978 m
= 0.001553
= 0.001 m
= 0.002814
= 503.160 m
= 0.000
M.F.L. + 502.923
0.0:1 0.0:1
1.29 m Section E - E
B.L. + 501.633
8.1 m
Flow condition at section F - F

Side slopes = 0 :1
Vent width = 8.1 m
No of vents = 1 Nos
Bed width (including walls) = 8.100 m
Area = (B+SD)D = (8.1 x 1.292) x 1
2
= 10.465 m
Velocity V3 = Q/A = 22.54 / 10.465
= 2.154 m/sec
= 0.236 m
MFL = 501.633 + 1.292
= 502.925 m
= 503.161 m
= 10.684 m
= 0.98 m
= 0.001544
= 0.0005 m
= 0
= 503.161 m
= 0.000
Page 13 of 105
M.F.L. + 502.925
0.0:1 0.0:1
1.292 m Section F - F
B.L. + 501.633
8.1 m
Flow condition at section G - G

Side slopes = 0 :1
Vent width = 8.1 m
No of vents = 1 Nos
Bed width (excluding walls) = 8.100 m
Area = (B+SD)D = (8.1 x 1.301) x 1
2
= 10.538 m
Velocity V3 = Q/A = 22.54 / 10.538
= 2.139 m/sec
= 0.233 m
MFL = 501.633 + 1.301
= 502.934
= 503.167
= 10.702 m
= 0.985 m
= 0.001513
= 0.001 m
= 0.004586
= 503.167
= 0.000
M.F.L. + 502.934
0.0:1 0.0:1
1.301 m Section G - G
B.L. + 501.633
8.1 m
Flow condition at section H - H

Length from previous section = 0 m
Bed width of each vent = 2.50 m
Flow depth = Vent height (D) = 1.276 m
Page 14 of 105
Number of vents = 3
Side slopes = 0 :1
Total water way width (i.e.excluding intermediate walls) = 7.5 m
Total vent way width (i.e. including intermediate walls) = 8.1 m
Size of haunches = 0.15 X 0.15 m
2
Area of haunches for single vent = 0.0056 m
Peremeter of haunches for single vent = 0.088 m
Area =(B*D - area of haunches)x no of vents = (2.5 x 1.276 - 0.0056) x 3
2
= 9.5532 m
Velocity V4 = Q/A = 22.54 / 9.5532
= 2.359 m/sec
= 0.284 m
MFL = 501.633 + 1.276
= 502.909 m
= 503.193 m
Peremeter = ((B+2D √1+s2) - peremeter of haunches) x No of vents
= ((2.5 + 2x1.276 ) - 0.088) x 3
= 14.892 m
= 0.641 m
= 0.003262
= 0.0255 m
= 0
= 503.193
= 0.000
M.F.L. + 502.909
0.0:1 0.0:1
1.276 m Section H - H
B.L. + 501.633
8.1 m
Flow condition at section I - I

Bed width of each vent = 2.50 m
Flow depth = Vent height (D) = 1.385 m
Number of vents = 3
Side slopes = 0 :1
Total water way width (i.e.excluding intermediate walls) = 7.5 m
Total vent way width (i.e. including intermediate walls) = 8.1 m
Size of haunches = 0.15 X 0.15 m
2
Area of haunches for single vent = 0.0056 m
Peremeter of haunches for single vent = 0.088 m
Area =(B*D - area of haunches)x no of vents = (2.5 x 1.385 - 0.0056) x 3
2
= 10.371 m
Velocity V5 = Q/A = 22.54 / 10.371
= 2.173 m/sec
Page 15 of 105
= 0.241 m
MFL = 501.633 + 1.385
= 503.018 m
= 503.259 m
Peremeter = ((B+2D √1+s2) - peremeter of haunches) x No of vents
= ((2.5 + 2x1.385 ) - 0.088) x 3
= 15.546 m
= 0.667 m
= 0.002630
Eddy losses HE = = 0.022 m
= 0.04419
= 503.259 m
Difference of TEL's = TEL8 -TEL9 = 503.259 - 503.259
= 0.000
M.F.L. + 503.018
0.0:1 0.0:1
1.385 m Section I - I
B.L. + 501.633
8.1 m
Flow condition at section J - J

Side slopes = 0 :1
Bed width = 8.1 m
Area = (B+SD)D = (8.1 + 0 x 1.475) x 1.475
2
= 11.948 m
Velocity V6 = Q / A = 22.54 / 11.948
= 1.887 m/sec
Velocity head = V62/2g = 1.887² / 2x9.81
= 0.181 m
MFL = 501.633 + 1.475
= 503.108 m
= 503.289 m
= 11.05 m
= 1.081 m
= 0.00104
= 0.03 m
= 0
= 503.289 m
Page 16 of 105
= 0.000
M.F.L. + 503.108
0.0:1 0.0:1
1.475 m Section J - J
B.L. + 501.633
8.1 m
Flow condition at section K - K

Side slopes = 0 :1
Flow depth = 1.48 m
Bed width = 8.100 m
Area = (B+SD)D = (8.1 + 0 x 1.48) x 1.48
2
= 11.988 m
Velocity V3 = Q/A = 22.54 / 11.988
= 1.88 m/sec
= 0.18 m
MFL = 501.633 + 1.48
= 503.113 m
= 503.293 m
= 11.06 m
= 1.084 m
= 0.001028
= 0.0005 m
= 0.003102
= 503.293 m
= 0.000
M.F.L. + 503.113
0.0:1 0.0:1
1.48 m Section K - K
B.L. + 501.633
8.1 m
Flow condition at section L - L

Side slopes = 0 :1
Vent width = 8.1 m
No of vents = 1 Nos
Flow depth = 1.48 m
Page 17 of 105
Area = (B+SD)D = (8.1 x 1.48) x 1
2
= 11.988 m
Velocity V3 = Q/A = 22.54 / 11.988
= 1.88 m/sec
= 0.18 m
MFL = 501.633 + 1.48
= 503.113 m
= 503.293 m
= 11.06 m
= 1.084 m
= 0.001028
= 0m
= 0
= 503.293
= 0.000
M.F.L. + 503.113
0.0:1 0.0:1
1.48 m Section L - L
B.L. + 501.633
8.1 m
Flow condition at section M - M

Side slopes = 0 :1
Vent width = 8.1 m
No of vents = 1 Nos
Area = (B+SD)D = (8.1 x 1.488) x 1
2
= 12.053 m
Velocity V3 = Q/A = 22.54 / 12.053
= 1.87 m/sec
= 0.178 m
MFL = 501.633 + 1.488
= 503.121 m
= 503.299 m
= 11.076 m
= 1.088 m
= 0.001012
Page 18 of 105
= 0.001 m
= 0.005304
= 503.299 m
= 0.000
M.F.L. + 503.121
0.0:1 0.0:1
1.488 m Section M - M
B.L. + 501.633
8.1 m
Flow condition at section N - N

Side slopes = 0 :1
Vent width = 8.100 m
No of vents = 1 Nos
Area = (B+SD)D = (8.1 x 1.488) x 1
2
= 12.053 m
Velocity V3 = Q/A = 22.54 / 12.053
= 1.87 m/sec
= 0.178 m
MFL = 501.633 + 1.488
= 503.121 m
= 503.299 m
= 11.076 m
= 1.088 m
= 0.001012
= 0m
= 0
= 503.299 m
= 0.000
M.F.L. + 503.121
0.0:1 0.0:1
1.488 m Section N - N
B.L. + 501.633
8.1 m
Page 19 of 105
Flow condition at section O - O
Side slopes = 0 :1
Proposed length of splay on D/S = 3 :1
Bed width = 14 m
Area = (B+SD)D = (14 + 0 x 1.648) x 1.648
2
= 23.072 m
Velocity V7 = Q/A = 22.54 / 23.072
= 0.977 m/sec
= 0.049 m
MFL = 501.633 + 1.648
= 503.281 m
= 503.33
Peremeter = B+2D√1+S2 = 14 + 2 x 1.648x SQRT(1+0²)
= 17.296 m
= 1.334 m
= 0.000211
= 0.0258 m
Friction losses HF = (S7+S6) x L/2 = (0.001012 + 0.000211)x 8.85 / 2
= 0.005412
= 503.33 m
= 0.000
M.F.L. + 503.281
0.0:1 0.0:1
1.648 m Section O - O
B.L. + 501.633
14 m
st
Design of 1 DROP :
M.F.L. at section O - O i.e., D/S side of the drop = 503.281 m
Crest level of the drop GL a@ 25.00 m U/S of crossing = 502.433 m
Discharge over the drop under drowned weir condition:
Q = Q1 + Q2
Q1 = 2/3 Cd1 √(2g) B h3/2
Q2 = Cd2 √(2gh) B h1
Q = 2/3 C d1 √(2g) B h 3/2 + C d2 √(2gh) B h 1
Discharge over the drop under free weir condition:
Q = Q1
Q = 2/3 Cd1 √(2g) B h3/2
Page 20 of 105
In this case since the M.F.L. at section O - O is more than the crest level at section P - P, the drop
should be designed as drowned weir condition.
Discharge required over weir = 22.54 Cumecs
Cd1 = 0.577
Cd2 = 0.800
B = 14.000 m
h = U/S and D/S water level difference over the drop
0.23 m
h1 = Head over crest on D/S side of drop
= 503.281 - 502.433
= 0.848 m
There fore the discharge over the weir

= Q = 2/3 Cd1 √(2g) B h3/2 + Cd2 √(2gh) B h1
= 22.807 Cumecs SAFE
Since the discharge provided over the crest is more than the
discharge required the design is Safe
Depth of flow over weir i.e., at section P - P = 0.23 + 0.848

d = 1.078 m
Depth of cistern = (d + h) / 4
= (1.078) / 4
= 0.270 m
Total drop height H = 502.433 - 501.633

= 0.800 m
Top width of drop = Depth of flow over weir / SQRT(γ)

where as γ is density of concrete
= 1.078 / SQRT (2.4)
= 0.700 m
Bottom width of drop = (Depth of flow over weir + drop height + thickness of
wearing coat + depth of cistern) / SQRT(γ)
= (1.078 + 0.8 + 0.075 + 0.27) / SQRT(2.4)
= 1.400 m
h = MFL level difference on U/S & D/S of drop = 0.23
= 0.230 m
Length of apron L = 2d + 2√(dh)
= (2 x 1.078) + (2 x sqrt(1.078 x 0.23))
= 3.200 m
L = 5√dh
= 5 x SQRT( 1.078 x 0.23)
= 2.500
Max of above two values shall be taken as length of apron = 3.200 m
Thickness of apron t = 0.55 x SQRT(d+ h)

= 0.55 x SQRT ( 1.078 + 0.23)
= 0.600 m
Page 21 of 105
0.70
0.8 1st DROP
1.400 m 3.200 m
4.600 m
Flow condition at section P - P

Bed level, i.e. Natural ground level = 502.433 m
Side slopes = 0 :1
Bed width = 14 m
Area = (B+SD)D = (14 + 0 x 1.078) x 1.078
2
= 15.092 m
Velocity V8 = Q/A = 22.54 / 15.092
= 1.494 m/sec
= 0.114 m
MFL = 502.433 + 1.078
= 503.511 m
= 503.625 m
M.F.L. + 503.511
0.0:1 0.0:1
1.078 m Section P - P
B.L. + 502.433
14 m
Page 22 of 105
Flow condition at section Q - Q
Bed level, i.e. Natural ground level = 502.433 m
Bed width = 14 m
Area = (B+SD)D = (14 + 1.5 x 1.117) x 1.117
2
= 17.51 m
Velocity V8 = Q/A = 22.54 / 17.51
= 1.287 m/sec
= 0.084 m
MFL = 502.433 + 1.117
= 503.550 m
= 503.634 m
Peremeter = B+2D√1+S2 = 14 + 2 x 1.117x SQRT(1+1.5²)
= 18.027 m
= 0.971 m
= 0.001077 928.505
= 0.009 m
Friction losses HF = (S8 + S7) x L/2 = (0.001077)x 0 / 2
= 0
= 503.634 m
= 0.000
M.F.L. + 503.550
1.5:1 1.5:1
1.117 m Section Q - Q
B.L. + 502.433
14 m
Page 23 of 105
Section Bed Flow Side Velocity Bed level M.F.L. T.E.L. T.E.L.
width (m) depth(m) slopes in m/sec w.r.t. Pre w.r.t MFL
A-A 14.000 1.400 1.5:1 1.000 501.633 503.033 503.084 503.084
B-B 14.000 1.392 0.0:1 1.157 501.633 503.025 503.084 503.093
C-C 8.100 1.284 0.0:1 2.167 501.633 502.917 503.093 503.156
D-D 8.100 1.284 0.0:1 2.167 501.633 502.917 503.156 503.156
E-E 8.100 1.290 0.0:1 2.157 501.633 502.923 503.156 503.160
F-F 8.100 1.292 0.0:1 2.154 501.633 502.925 503.160 503.161
G-G 8.100 1.301 0.0:1 2.139 501.633 502.934 503.161 503.167
H-H 7.500 1.276 0.0:1 2.359 501.633 502.909 503.167 503.193
I-I 7.500 1.385 0.0:1 2.173 501.633 503.018 503.193 503.259
J-J 8.100 1.475 0.0:1 1.887 501.633 503.108 503.259 503.289
K-K 8.100 1.480 0.0:1 1.880 501.633 503.113 503.289 503.293
L-L 8.100 1.480 0.0:1 1.880 501.633 503.113 503.293 503.293
M-M 8.100 1.488 0.0:1 1.870 501.633 503.121 503.293 503.299
N-N 8.100 1.488 0.0:1 1.870 501.633 503.121 503.299 503.299
O-O 14.000 1.648 0.0:1 1.648 501.633 503.281 503.299 503.330
P-P 14.000 1.078 0.0:1 1.494 502.433 503.511 503.330 503.625
Q-Q 14.000 1.117 1.5:1 1.287 502.433 503.550 503.625 503.634
Page 24 of 105
SCOUR DEPTH CALCULATIONS( STREAM)
Up stream side:
Maximum flood diacharge of stream = 22.54 Cumecs

Bed width of approach canal = 14 m
Discharge per unit width 'q' = 22.54 / 14
= 1.61 Cumecs/met
As per Clause 8.5.2 of I.S. 7784 (Part-I) 1993
Assuming silt factor 'f' = 2
Normal scour depth = R = 1.35 x (q2 / f)1/3 = 1.35 x (1.61² / 2)^(1/3)
R = 1.472 m
Maximum scour depth on U / S side = 1.5 x R

= 1.5 x 1.472
= 2.208 m
MFL on up stream side from from TEL's = 503.55 m
Up stream cut off level = 503.55 - 2.208

= 501.342 m
There fore provide U / S cut off level = 501.000 m
Foundation for U/S abutment:

Maximum scour depth on U / S side for abutment = 1.27 x R

= 1.27 x 1.472
= 1.869 m
Maximum scour level on U / S side for abutment = 503.55 - 1.869

= 501.681 m
How ever the bottom level of abutment are provided at 1.50 m below the stream bed level
Stream bed level = 502.436
1.5 m below the stream bed level = 502.436 - 1.5
= 500.936 m
Lowest of above two levels should be provided as bottom level of U / S abutment

= 500.936 m
how ever Bottom of foundation is proposed = 500.763 m
Foundation for U/S wings:

Maximum scour depth on U / S side for wings = 1.50 x R
= 1.5 x 1.472
= 2.208 m
Maximum scour level on U / S side for wings = 503.55 - 2.208

= 501.342 m
say 500.133 m
Page 25 of 105
Down stream side:
Maximum flood diacharge of stream = 22.54 Cumecs

Bed width of tail canal = 14 m
Discharge per unit width 'q' = 22.54 / 14
= 1.61 Cumecs/met
R = 1.472 m
Maximum scour depth on D / S = 2.0 x R

= 2 x 1.472
= 2.944 m
MFL on down stream side from from TEL's = 503.033 m
Down stream cut off level = 503.033 - 2.944

= 500.089 m
There fore provide D / S cut off level = 500.000 m
Foundation for D/S abutment and Wing :

Maximum scour depth on D / S side for abutment = 1.27 x R

= 1.27 x 1.472
= 1.869 m
Maximum scour level on D / S side for abutment = 503.033 - 1.869

= 501.164 m
How ever the bottom level of abutment are provided at 1.5 m below the stream bed level
Stream bed level = 501.633 m
1.5 m below the stream bed level = 501.633 - 1.5
= 500.133 m
Lowest of above two levels should be provided as bottom level of D / S abutment

= 500.133 m
Bottom of foundation is proposed = 500.133 m
Page 26 of 105
SCOUR DEPTH CALCULATIONS FOR PIER(SUPER PASSAGE)
Designed discharge in the canal = 14.731 Cumecs

Bed width of canal = 6.5 m
Discharge per unit width 'q' = 14.731 / 6.5
= 2.266 Cumecs/met
R = 1.849 m
Maximum scour depth in the canal = 2.0 x R

= 2 x 1.849
= 3.698 m
F.S.L. of the canal = 499.876 m
Maximum scour depth in the canal = 499.876 - 3.698

= 496.178 m
How ever provide bottom level of founadtion for pier at = 495.626 m
(CBL-2.00m)
AFFLUX CALCULATIONS:
Width of canal at FSL = 6.5+(2.25x1)x2

= 11.00 m
Area of flow ( A )(at Structure) = (6.5 + 11) x 2.25/ 2
2
(before obstruction) = 19.6875 m
Area of pier obstruction = 1.2x2.25(2-1)

2
= 2.700 m
2
Area of Abutment obstruction = 0m
Original Bed Width = 6.50 m

Widening bed width = 7.00 m
Width of canal at FSL = 7+(2.25x1)x2

= 11.50 m
Area of flow ( A )(at Structure) = (11.5+7)x2.25/2
2
(after obstruction) = 20.81 m
Net area of flow ( a ) = 20.81 - 2.70

2
= 18.1130 m
Normal velocity in canal ( v ) = 0.7480 m / sec
As per Pocket book of Bridge Engineers of IRS, clause 2.2.7.1,and as per Molesworth formula
  A  
2
 V2
 + 0.01524  ×    − 1
=  17.85 
  a  

= [(0.748² / 17.85) + 0.01524)] x [(19.6875 / 18.113)² - 1]
= 0.008 m
= 8.451 mm < 10.00 mm
Afflux developed in the canal is with in allowable afflux
Page 27 of 105
D E S I G N O F TROUGH SLAB FOR SUPER PASSAGE
No of Vents = 3 nos
Width of Vent = 2.500 mts.
Height of trough including wc = 2.050 mts.
Thickness of wc = 0.075 mts. click here for staad input
Thickness of Hor. Mem = 0.250 mts.
Thickness of Ver.(end) Members = 0.300 mts.
Thickness of Ver (Middle) Members = 0.300 mts.
M F L of Drain computed = 503.108 M
Free Board of drain = 0.500 mts.
Canal Bed Level = 497.626 M
F.S.L. of Canal = 499.876 M
Trough Level = 501.633 M
Total width of trough = 8.700 mts.
Top level of trough = 503.608 M
3
Density of RCC = 2.500 t/m
3
Density of earth = 2.100 t/m
3
Density of concrete = 2.400 t/m
3
Density of water = 1.000 t/m
503.608
2.050
501.633
0.25
0.30 2.500 0.30 2.500 0.30 2.500 0.30
Loads on trough slab per mt.
2
Wt. of bottom member = 0.250 * 2.500 = 0.625 t/m
2
Wt. of wc = 0.075 * 2.400 = 0.180 t/m
2
wt of water upto top of trough = 1.975 * 1.000 1.975 t/m
2
TOTAL 2.780 t/m
2
say 2.78 t/m
c/c span of each vent = 2.500 + 0.300 / 2 + 0.300 / 2

= 2.800 m
c/c span of each vent (middle vents) = 2.500 + 0.300 / 2 + 0.300 / 2
= 2.800 m
Page 28 of 105
The trough is analysed using STAAD PRO taking the following loading diagram.
2
2.78 t/m
2
1.975 t/m
1 2 3 4 5 6
2.200 2.800 2.800 2.800 2.200
1 2 3 4 5
NODES
1 0.000 0.000
2 2.200 0.000
3 5.000 0.000
4 7.800 0.000
5 10.600 0.000
6 12.800 0.000
Page 29 of 105
STAAD SPACE SUPER PASSAGE
START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE 24-Nov-18
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER MTON
JOINT COORDINATES back to trough analysis
1 0.000 0.000 0
2 2.200 0.000 0
3 5.000 0.000 0
4 7.800 0.000 0
5 10.600 0.000 0
6 12.800 0.000 0
MEMBER INCIDENCES
1 1 2; 2 2 3; 3 3 4; 4 4 5;5 5 6
MEMBER PROPERTY INDIAN
2 TO 4 PRIS YD 0.25 ZD 1.
1 5 PRIS YD 0.3 ZD 1.
CONSTANTS
E CONCRETE ALL
POISSON CONCRETE ALL
DENSITY CONCRETE ALL
SUPPORTS
2 3 4 5 PINNED
LOAD 1 LOAD CASE1
MEMBER LOAD
1 LIN Y 0 -1.975
5 LIN Y -1.975 0
2 4 UNI GY -2.78 0 2.800
3 UNI GY -2.78 0 2.800
PERFORM ANALYSIS
PRINT ANALYSIS RESULTS
PERFORM ANALYSIS PRINT ALL
PERFORM ANALYSIS PRINT ALL
FINISH
Page 30 of 105
Job No Sheet No Rev
1
Software licensed to Megha Engineering & , Hyderaba Part
CONNECTED User: Not signed in
Job Title Ref
By Date() Chd
Client File s.p. trough.std Date/Time 22-Nov-2018 12:03
Max: 15.624 kN-m Max: 18.241 kN-m Max: 18.241 kN-m Max: 15.624 kN-m
Y 1.953 kN-m
-9.785 kN-m -8.477 kN-m -9.785 kN-m
1.953 kN-m
Z X
Load 1 : Bending Z
Moment - kN-m
Print Time/Date: 22/11/2018 12:06 STAAD.Pro CONNECT Edition 21.00.01.12 Print Run 1 of 1
Page 31 of 105
Job No Sheet No Rev
1
Software licensed to Megha Engineering & , Hyderaba Part
CONNECTED User: Not signed in
Job Title Ref
By Date() Chd
Client File s.p. trough.std Date/Time 22-Nov-2018 12:03
37.233 kN 38.168 kN 39.102 kN

21.305 kN
0 kN 0 kN
Y -21.305 kN
-39.102 kN -38.167 kN -37.233 kN
Z X
Load 1 : Shear Y
Force - kN
Print Time/Date: 22/11/2018 12:11 STAAD.Pro CONNECT Edition 21.00.01.12 Print Run 1 of 1
Page 32 of 105
JEEDIPALLI RESERVOIR TO UPPER PENNAR RESERVOIR
DESIGN OF SUPER PASAAGE AT Km. 18.260
Trough details:
Width of trough = 2.500 m
Height of water in trough (from TEL calculations) = 1.475 m
Free board in trough = 0.500 m
Height of wearing coat = 0.075 m
Assumed thickness of bottom slab = 0.250
Thickness of fillets = 0.100 m
Size of haunches = 0.15 x 0.15 m
Total height of side wall = 1.475 + 0.5 + 0.075 + 0.25 + 0.1
(including free board, slab thickness & fillets) = 2.4 m
Design constants:
Grade of concrete R.C.C. M 25
σcbc = 8.33 N/mm2
σst = 130 N/mm2
m = 11.204
k = 0.418
j = 0.861
Q = 1.499
Unit weight of concrete R.C.C. = 25 Kn/m3

Unit weight of concrete P.C.C. = 24 Kn/m3
Unit weight of water = 10 Kn/m3
Details of side walls:

Clear span of side wall = 6.300 m
C/C span of trough = 7.500 m
Thickness of side wall = 0.300 m
Thickness of intermediate wall = 0.300 m
1.975
Haunches of 0.15 m thick
2.4 m
Wearing coat 0.075 m thick
0.25
B
Fillets of 0.1 m thick
0.300 2.50 0.3
3.10 m
Page 33 of 105
DESIGN OF TROUGH SLAB
Bending moments & Shear force: From STAAD analysis
Max BM at end support (Hogging) = 18.241 Kn - m

Max BM at mid span of slab (Sagging) = 9.785 Kn - m
Depth of water in the trough (Including free board) = 1.98 m

Over all thickness of slab = 0.25 m
Clear cover to the reinforcement = 25 mm
Slab bottom main reinforcement (+ve, SAGGING) = 12 mm 113.097
Slab top main reinforcement (-ve, HOGGING) = 16 mm 201.062
Diameter of the distribution reinforcement = 10 mm 78.54
Effective depth of slab:

There fore effective depth of slab proposed = 0.25 - 0.025 - 0.006
= 0.219 m
= 219 mm
Effective span of the slab:
Clear span of the vent = 2.50
Thickness of support = 0.30
C/C span of the slab = 2.5 + 0.15 + 0.15
= 2.800 m
Check for slab thickness:

σcbc = 8.33 N/mm2
σst = 130 N/mm2
m = 11.204
k = 0.418
j = 0.861
Q = 1.499
Check for slab thickness shall be done for the Max. B.M. of either Sagging & hogging
= 18.241 Kn - m
Effective depth required for the above B.M. = SQRT [18.241 x 10^6 / (1.499 x 1000)]
= 110.312 mm
Effective depth provided = 219 mm Hence SAFE
Since the effective depth provided is more than the required, the design SAFE
Page 34 of 105
Area of steel required at mid span:
Ast. Required at the mid span shall be design for the Max. sagging (+ve ) B.M.
Area of steel required at the mid span = 9.785 x 10^6 / (130 x 0.861 x 219)
2
= 399.181 mm
Pull due to water thrust = W h2 / 2

= 10 x 1.975² / 2
= 19.503 KN
Steel required for pull = 19.503 x 10^3 / 130
2
= 150.023 mm
2
Total steel = 399.181 + 150.023 = 549.204 mm
Min. area of steel required = 0.12 % od bD

= 0.12 x 1000 x 250 / 100
2
= 300 mm
Area of steel at mid span shall be provided for the max. of above two casses
2
= 549.204 mm
Diameter of the bar assumed = 12 mm 113.097

Spacing required using 12 mm dia bars = 113.097 x 1000 / 549.204
= 205.929 mm
say 200 mm c/c
2
There fore area of steel provided at the mid span = 565.485 mm
SAFE
Area of steel required at supports: At END SUPPORT
Ast. Required at supports span shall be design for the Max. hogging (-ve ) B.M.
Area of steel required at the supports = 18.241 x 10^6 / (130 x 0.861 x 219)
2
= 744.146 mm
Pull due to water thrust = W h2 / 2

= 10 x 1.975² / 2
= 19.503 KN
Steel required for pull = 19.503 x 10^3 / 19.503 x 10^3 / 130
2
= 150.023 mm
2
Total steel = 744.146 + 150.023 = 894.169 mm

= 0.12 x 1000 x 250 / 100
2
= 300 mm
Page 35 of 105
Area of steel at supports shall be provided for the max. of above two casses
2
= 894.169 mm
Diameter of the bar assumed = 16 mm 201.062

= 224.859 mm
say 200 mm c/c
2
There fore area of steel provided at the supports = 1005.31 mm
SAFE
Distribution steel:
Min distribution steel in a member is proposed as per Co. no. 8.1.1 of IS 3370
(Part 2): 2009
Top slab:
Min % of ditribution steel is = 0.24 %
Thickness of slab = 250 mm
The above % of steel shall be distributed equally on both the faces

There fore the % of steel required on each side = 0.12 %
There fore the area of steel required on each face = 0.12 x 250 x 1000 / 100
2
= 300 mm
Dia of the distribution bar = 10 mm 78.54

SPacing required = 78.54 x 1000 / 300
= 261.8 mm C/C
say 200 mm C/C
There fore provide 12 mm dia bars at 200 mm c/c at mid span on bottom for + ve (sagging) B.M.
+
There fore provide 16 mm dia bars at 200 mm c/c at supports on top of slab for - ve (hogging) B.M.
+
There fore provide 10 mm dia bars at 200 mm c/c both at top & bottom of slab as distribution steel.
Page 36 of 105
Check for shear:
C/C os supports = 2.800 m

Width of support = 0.3 m
Effective depthe of slab d = 0.219 m
Max. shear force intensities at the supports are as shown on diagram
37.23 KN
1.434 m
X= 1.366 m
39.102 KN
2.8 m
Max. Shear force of above case = 39.102 KN

Corroesponding distance 'X' from where it changes its sign (i.e. + or -) to Max. S.F.
= 1.434 m
Shear force at a distance of effective depth 'd' + half of the
thickness of support from centre line of the support
= 0.219 + 0.3/2
= 0.369 m
There fore the Max shear force at a distance of 0.369 m from the centre line of the support are
= 39.102 x (1.434 - 0.369) / 1.434

Max. Total shear force V = 29.040 KN
Nominal shear stress Tv = V / bd

= 29.04 x 1000 / 1000 x 219
2
= 0.133 N/mm
% of tension steel provided at supports = 100 Ast. / bd

= 100 x 1005.31 / 1000 x 219
= 0.459 %
Corroesponding permisible shear stress Tc from Table 23 of IS 456:2000
2 2
= 0.297 N/mm > 0.133 N/mm
Shear resisted by concrete Tc b d = 0.297 x 1000 x 219

= 65043.00 N
= 65.043 KN
Page 37 of 105
Shear resisted by bent up bars Vs = Asv x σsv x sin 45
2
Area of bent up bars Asv = 0.000 mm
= 0 x 175 x 0.707
= 0.000 N
= 0.000 KN
Total shear resisted by concrete & bentup bars = 65.043 + 0
= 65.043 > 29.040
HENCE SAFE
Since the shear resisted by concrete & bent up bars are more than the required, Design of
reinforcement from shear criteria is not needed. HENCE O.K.
Page 38 of 105
DESIGN OF WALL: END SIDE WALL
Height of water in the trough = 1.475 m

Free board = 0.5 m
Height of trough (water + free board) = 1.475 + 0.5

= 1.975 m
Total height of beam = 1.975 + 0.075 + 0.25 + 0.1

= 2.4 m
Thcikness of side wall of trough = 0.3 m
Effective depth of side wall:

Over all depth of beam = 2.4 m
Clear cover in the side wall = 40 mm
Dia of the main reinforcement in the side wall = 20 mm 314.159
No of reinforcement layers proposed = 2 Layers
C.G. of the reinforcemet group from bottom of side wall = 40 + 1 x 20 + 10
= 70 mm
There fore effective depth is = 2.4 - 0.07

= 2.33 m
Effective span of side wall:
Clear span of the side wall = 6.3 m

Width of support (abutment/pier) = 1.2 m
C/C of supports = clear span + c/c of bearings

= 6.3 + 1.2/4 + 1.2/4
= 6.9 m
Effective depth proposed = 2.33 m

Effective span = clear span + effective depth = 6.3 + 2.33
= 8.63 m
Lesser of above values shall take as effective span = 6.900 m
Page 39 of 105
Slenderness limits to ensure the lateral stability:
As per clause 23.3 of IS: 456-2000, a simply supported or continuous beam shall be so
proportined that the clear span between the lateral restrains does not exceed 60b or
250b 2 /d which ever is less, where b is the width of the member and d is the effective
depth of beam.
Clear span should not greater than 60b

250 b2 /d Lesser
60 b = 60 x 0.3 = 18 m
2
250 b / d = 250 x 0.3² / 2.33 = 9.657 m
Lesser of above two values = 9.657 m
Clear span shall be lesser of above two values = 6.3 < 9.657
Hence SAFE
Since the proposed clear span is less than the aloowable span, the design is SAFE from
lateral stability criteria.
Check for deflections:
As per clause 23.2.1 of IS: 456-2000, for beams and slabs, the vertical deflection limits may
generally be assured to be satisfied provided the span to depth ratio is not greater than 20
for spans up to 10 m length.

Effective depth of side wall = 2.33 m
Span to effective depth ratio = 6.3 / 2.33
= 2.704 < 20
Hence SAFE
Since the span to effective depth ratio is less than the allowable limit, the design is SAFE
from deflection criteria.
Page 40 of 105
Design of side wall:
Assume that the trough flowing full as a critical condition. Side walls are designed as
cantiliver continuious slab and they also function as simply supported beams spanning
between pier & abutment.
Load calculations:
2
Self weight of slabs = 0.25 x 25 = 6.25 Kn/m
2
Weight of wearing coat = 0.075 x 24 = 1.8 Kn/m
2
Weight of water = 1.975 x 10 = 19.75 Kn/m
2
Total = 27.8 Kn/m
Load on the beam = 27.8 x 2.5 / 2 = 34.75 Kn / m
Weight of haunches = 1/2 x 0.15 x 0.15 x 25 = 0.281 Kn / m
Self weight of beam = 0.3 x 2.4 x 25 = 18 Kn / m
Total load on the beam = 53.031 Kn / m
effective span calculated above = 6.900 m

2
Maximum bending moment = Wl / 8 = 53.031 x 6.9² / 8
= 315.601 Kn - m
Effective depth required = SQRT (315.601 x 10^6 / 1.499 x 300)

= 837.737 mm < 2330 mm
Hence SAFE
Since the effective depth provided is more than the required, the design is SAFE
Area of steel requirement:
Area of steel required Ast = M / σst j d

= 315.601x 10^6 / (130 x 0.861 x 2330)
2
= 1210.141 mm
But the Min. reinforcement as per Cl. 26.5.1.1. of IS:456 - 2000
Min. reinforcement = As 0.85

=
bd fy
AS = 0.85 b d / fy
= 0.85 x 300 x 2330 / 415
2
= 1431.687 mm
Page 41 of 105
2
Max of above casees shall take in to design = 1431.687 mm
No of bars required using 20 mm dia bars = 1431.687 / 314.159

= 4.557 Nos
say 6 Nos
2
There fore the area of steel provided = 1884.954 mm
There fore provide 3 Nos of 20 mm dia bars at BOTTOM most layer

+
Provide 3 Nos of 20 mm dia bars at TOP Layers in 1 Rows
Check for actual stress in the side wall:
Calculation of actual N.A: n

bn 2
= m Ast (d − n )
2
300 x n² /2 = 11.204 x 1884.954 x (2330 - n)
150 x n² = 49207327.355 - 21119.025 n
n² + 140.793 n - 328048.8 = 0
n = 506.669 mm
Critical depth of N.A. = kd

= 0.418 x 2330
= 973.94 mm
Hence SAFE
Since the critical depth of N.A. is more than the actual depth of N.A., the design is SAFE.
Actual stress in steel σst:
σst = M / Ast (d - n/3)

= 315.601 x 10^6 / (1884.954 x (2330 - 506.669/3)
2 2
= 77.475 N/mm > 130 N/mm
Hence SAFE
Since the stress in the STEEL is more than the permisible, the design is SAFE
Actual stress in concrete σcbc:
σst
σcbc m
=
n d −n
Page 42 of 105
σcbc = (σst/m) x n / (d-n)
= (77.475/11.204) x 506.669 / (2330 - 506.669)
2 2
= 1.922 N/mm < 8.33 N/mm
Hence SAFE
Since the stress in the CONCRETE is more than the permisible, the design is SAFE
Check for SHEAR:
Max. shear force = W L /2
Max. load from above calculations = 53.031 Kn / m

Effectve span of the beam = 6.900 m
= 53.031 x 6.9 / 2
= 182.957 KN
Nominal shear stress TV = V/bd
Wdith of the beam b = 300 mm

Effective epth of the beam d = 2330 mm
Nominal shear stress TV = 182957 / 300 x 2330

2
= 0.262 N/mm
2
Area of steel provided = 1884.954 mm
% of steel provided = 100 Ast / b d = 100 x 1884.954 / 300 x 2330

= 0.27 %
Permisible shear stress Tc from table 23 of IS:456-2000 for given % of steel for grade M 25
2
= 0.236 N/mm
Since the Nominal shear stress Tv is more than the permisible shear stress Tc, the SHEAR
reinforcement shall be provided.
Shear resisted by the concrete Vc = Tc b d

= 0.236 x 300 x 2330
= 164964 N
= 164.964 KN
Balance shear to be designed Vs = V - Vc = 182.957 - 164.964

= 17.993 KN
= 17993 N
Page 43 of 105
Assume vertical stirrups as 2 legged 10 mm 78.54
Spacing required Sv = σsv x Ast x d / Vs

= 175 x (2 x 78.54) x 2330 / 17993
= 3559.683 mm
Maximum permisible spacing as per Cl. 26.5.1.1 of IS:456-2000

= 0.75 d mm
= 300 mm Less
= 0.75 x 2330 = 1747.5 mm

= = 300 mm
The spacing of vertical stirrups shall be minimum of above three casses = 300 mm
Check for water thrust:

Bending moment due to horizontal water thrust = W H3 / 6
3
where W = Specific weight of water = 10 Kn/m
H = Depth of water + free board = 1.975 m
= 10 x 1.975³ / 6
= 12.84 Kn - m
Thickness of side wall required = SQRT( 12.84 x 10^6 / (1.499 x 1000) )

= 92.551 mm
Diameter of the side wall reinforcement = 10 mm 78.54

Clear cover to the side wall reinforcement = 25 mm
Effective thickness of side wall provided = 300 - 25 - 10 / 2

= 270 mm
Hence SAFE
Since the thickness of side wall provided is more than the required the design is SAFE
Area of steel required in bending Ast = M / σst j d

= 12.84 x 10^6 / 130 x 0.861 x 270
2
= 424.869 mm
Min. reinforcement =
As 0.85
=
bd fy
Page 44 of 105
AS = 0.85 b d / fy
= 0.85 x 1000 x 270 / 415
2
= 553.012 mm
Max. of above steel shall be provided = Max (553.012, 424.869)

2
= 553.012 mm
Spacing of 2 legged vertical stirrups 10 mm dia bars = 2 x 78.54 x 1000 / 553.012

= 284.044 mm
say 250 mm c/c
Distribution steel:
(Part 2): 2009

2
= 360 mm
Assumig the dia of the distribution bar = 10 mm 78.54

No of 10 mm dia bars required on each side = 360 / 78.54
= 4.584 Nos
say 6 Nos
Page 45 of 105
DESIGN OF WALL: INTERMEDIATE WALL
Height of water in the trough = 1.475 m

Free board = 0.5 m
Height of trough (water + free board) = 1.475 + 0.5

= 1.975 m
Total height of beam = 1.975 + 0.075 + 0.25 + 0.1

= 2.4 m
Thcikness of side wall of trough = 0.3 m
Effective depth of side wall:

Over all depth of beam = 2.4 m
Clear cover in the side wall = 40 mm
Dia of the main reinforcement in the side wall = 25 mm 490.874
No of reinforcement layers proposed = 2 Layers
C.G. of the reinforcemet group from bottom of side wall = 40 + 1 x 25 + 12.5
= 77.5 mm
There fore effective depth is = 2.4 - 0.0775

= 2.3225 m
Effective span of side wall:

Width of support (abutment/pier) = 1.2 m
C/C of supports = clear span + c/c of bearings

= 6.3 + 1.2/4 + 1.2/4
= 6.9 m
Effective depth proposed = 2.3225 m

Effective span = clear span + effective depth = 6.3 + 2.3225
= 8.623 m
Lesser of above values shall take as effective span = 6.900 m
Page 46 of 105
Slenderness limits to ensure the lateral stability:
As per clause 23.3 of IS: 456-2000, a simply supported or continuous beam shall be so
proportined that the clear span between the lateral restrains does not exceed 60b or
250b 2 /d which ever is less, where b is the width of the member and d is the effective
depth of beam.
Clear span should not greater than 60b

250 b2 /d Lesser
60 b = 60 x 0.3 = 18 m
2
250 b / d = 250 x 0.3² / 2.3225 = 9.688 m
Lesser of above two values = 9.688 m
Clear span shall be lesser of above two values = 6.3 < 9.688
Hence SAFE
Since the proposed clear span is less than the aloowable span, the design is SAFE from
lateral stability criteria.
Check for deflections:
As per clause 23.2.1 of IS: 456-2000, for beams and slabs, the vertical deflection limits may
generally be assured to be satisfied provided the span to depth ratio is not greater than 20
for spans up to 10 m length.

Effective depth of side wall = 2.3225 m
Span to effective depth ratio = 6.3 / 2.3225
= 2.713 < 20
Hence SAFE
Since the span to effective depth ratio is less than the allowable limit, the design is SAFE
from deflection criteria.
Page 47 of 105
Design of side wall:
Assume that the trough flowing full as a critical condition. Side walls are designed as
cantiliver continuious slab and they also function as simply supported beams spanning
between pier & abutment.
Load calculations:
2
Self weight of slabs = 0.25 x 25 = 6.25 Kn/m
2
Weight of wearing coat = 0.075 x 24 = 1.8 Kn/m
2
Weight of water = 1.975 x 10 = 19.75 Kn/m
2
Total = 27.8 Kn/m
Load on the beam = 27.8 x 2.5 = 69.5 Kn / m
Weight of haunches = 1/2 x 0.15 x 0.15 x 25 x 2 = 0.563 Kn / m
Self weight of beam = 0.3 x 2.4 x 25 = 18 Kn / m
Total load on the beam = 88.063 Kn / m
effective span calculated above = 6.900 m

2
Maximum bending moment = Wl / 8 = 88.063 x 6.9² / 8
= 524.085 Kn - m
Effective depth required = SQRT (524.085 x 10^6 / 1.499 x 300)

= 1079.542 mm < 2322.5 mm
Hence SAFE
Since the effective depth provided is more than the required, the design is SAFE
Area of steel requirement:
Area of steel required Ast = M / σst j d

= 524.085x 10^6 / (130 x 0.861 x 2322.5)
2
= 2016.042 mm
Min. reinforcement = As 0.85

=
bd fy
AS = 0.85 b d / fy
= 0.85 x 300 x 2322.5 / 415
2
= 1427.078 mm
Page 48 of 105
2
Max of above casees shall take in to design = 2016.042 mm
No of bars required using 25 mm dia bars = 2016.042 / 490.874

= 4.107 Nos
say 6 Nos
2
There fore provide 3 Nos of 25 mm dia bars at BOTTOM most layer

+
Provide 3 Nos of 25 mm dia bars at TOP Layers in 1 Rows
Check for actual stress in the side wall:
Calculation of actual N.A: n

bn 2
= m Ast (d − n )
2
300 x n² /2 = 11.204 x 2945.244 x (2322.5 - n)
150 x n² = 76639048.245 - 32998.514 n
n² + 219.99 n - 510927 = 0
n = 613.21 mm
Critical depth of N.A. = kd

= 0.418 x 2322.5
= 970.805 mm
Hence SAFE
Since the critical depth of N.A. is more than the actual depth of N.A., the design is SAFE.
Actual stress in steel σst:
σst = M / Ast (d - n/3)

= 524.085 x 10^6 / (2945.244 x (2322.5 - 613.21/3)
2 2
= 84.011 N/mm > 130 N/mm
Hence SAFE
Since the stress in the STEEL is more than the permisible, the design is SAFE
Actual stress in concrete σcbc:
σst
σcbc m
=
n d −n
Page 49 of 105
σcbc = (σst/m) x n / (d-n)
= (84.011/11.204) x 613.21 / (2322.5 - 613.21)
2 2
= 2.69 N/mm < 8.33 N/mm
Hence SAFE
Since the stress in the CONCRETE is more than the permisible, the design is SAFE
Check for SHEAR:
Max. shear force = W L /2
Max. load from above calculations = 88.063 Kn / m

Effectve span of the beam = 6.900 m
= 88.063 x 6.9 / 2
= 303.817 KN

Effective epth of the beam d = 2322.5 mm
Nominal shear stress TV = 303817 / 300 x 2322.5

2
= 0.436 N/mm
2
% of steel provided = 100 Ast / b d = 100 x 2945.244 / 300 x 2322.5

= 0.423 %
Permisible shear stress Tc from table 23 of IS:456-2000 for given % of steel for grade M 25
2
= 0.285 N/mm
Since the Nominal shear stress Tv is more than the permisible shear stress Tc, the SHEAR
reinforcement shall be provided.

= 0.285 x 300 x 2322.5
= 198573.8 N
= 198.574 KN
Balance shear to be designed Vs = V - Vc = 303.817 - 198.574

= 105.243 KN
= 105243 N
Page 50 of 105
Assume vertical stirrups as 2 legged 10 mm 78.54
Spacing required Sv = σsv x Ast x d / Vs

= 175 x (2 x 78.54) x 2322.5 / 105243
= 606.627 mm
Maximum permisible spacing as per Cl. 26.5.1.1 of IS:456-2000

= 0.75 d mm
= 300 mm Less
= 0.75 x 2322.5 = 1741.875 mm

= = 300 mm
The spacing of vertical stirrups shall be minimum of above three casses = 300 mm
Distribution steel:
(Part 2): 2009

2
= 360 mm
Assumig the dia of the distribution bar = 10 mm 78.54

No of 10 mm dia bars required on each side = 360 / 78.54
= 4.584 Nos
say 6 Nos
Page 51 of 105
DESIGN OF PIER
No of Vents = 3 nos
Width of Vent = 2.500 mts.
Height of trough including wc = 2.050 mts.
Thickness of wc = 0.075 mts.
Thickness of Hor. Mem = 0.250 mts.
Thickness of Ver.(end) Members = 0.300 mts.
Depth of Ver.(end) Members = 2.400 mts.
Thickness of Ver (Middle) Members = 0.300 mts.
Depth of Ver (Middle) Members = 2.400 mts.
Thickness of haunches = 150 mm
150 mm
Thickness of fillets = 100 mm
100 mm
Thickness of bearings & pedestal(both) = 0 mm
Pier Cap size thickness = 300 mm
Pier Cap size width 1200 mm
M F L of Drain computed = 503.108 m
Free Board of drain = 0.500 mts.
Trough Level / Drain bed level = 501.633 m
Total width of trough = 8.700 mts.
Top level of trough = 503.608 m
Height of pier above base = 4.682 mts
Canal Bed Level = 497.626 m
F.S.L. of Canal = 499.876 m
F.S.D. in Canal = 2.250 m
Velocity in Canal = 0.748 m/s
unit weight of earth = 2.100 t/m3
Unit weight of concrete = 2.400 t/m3
Unit weight of water = 1.000 t/m3
Unit weight of R.C.C. = 2.500 t/m3
Top of Foundation level = 496.226 mts
Bottom of Foundation level = 495.626 mts
Exposed ht of super structure = 2.400 mts
Top level of Bearing = 501.208 mts
Existing Ground Level = (CBL) 497.626 mts
Span of the Superstructure (O/O) = 7.500 mts
Grade of Concrete = M20 Grade (pier)
Grade of Concrete = M20 Grade (foundation)
Value of fck = 20 N/sqmm
Top width of pier = 1.200 mts
Bottom width of pier = 1.200 mts
Value of PI = 3.1429
Length of pier = 9.000 mts
Eq Length of pier with cut & ease waters = 9.943 mts
Area of pier = 11.931 sqmts
Section Modulus of Pier (Zxx) = B*D*D/6 = 19.772 cum
Section Modulus of Pier (Zyy) = B*B*D/6 = 2.386 cum
Size of foundation :
Length(L)= 11.000 mts
Width(B)= 2.000 mts
Depth(D)= 0.600 mts
Footing Offset1 = 0.400 mts
Footing Offset2 = 0.400 mts
Area of Foundation = LXB= 22.000 sq mts
Section Modulus of Foundation Zxx = B*L*L/6 = 40.333 cum
Section Modulus of Foundation Zyy = L*B*B/6 = 7.333 cum
Page 52 of 105
0.300
503.608
3 Vents of 2.5 m each

2.050
2.400
501.633
0.250
501.208
501.208 9.00
500.908 0.3
4.682
499.876 FSL
497.626 CBL CBL
496.226 0.400
495.626
X
0.400 9.000 0.400
0.400
Y 1.200 Y
2.000
0.400 0.600 0.600
X
11.000 M
DESIGN OF PIER
Page 53 of 105
Weight on pier :
Dead load from Trough :-
Wt of slab = 3 x 0.250 x 2.500 = 35.16 t

x 7.500 x 2.500
Wt of wc = 3 x 0.075 x 2.500 = 10.55 t

x 7.500 x 2.500
Wt of water = 3 x 1.975 x 2.500 = 111.09 t

x 7.500 x 1.000
Wt of haunches = 0.5 x 0.150 x 0.150 = 1.266 t

6 x 7.500 x 2.500
Wt of fillets = 0.5 x 0.100 x 0.100 = 0.5625 t

6 x 7.500 x 2.500
Self wt of end beams = 2 x 0.300 x 2.400 = 27.00 t

x 7.500 x 2.500
Self wt of midde beams = 2 x 0.300 x 2.400 = 27.00 t

x 7.500 x 2.500
Total weight on pier= 212.63 t
Dead load from Bed Block = 1.200 x 0.300 x 2.500 = 7.830 t

x 8.700
Weight of pier above pier base 9.943 x 1.200 x 4.682 = 134.071 t

x 2.400
Weight of cut and ease waters= II (0.62 ) x 4.682 x 2.400 = 12.702 t
Weight on pier
with water in trough 367.228 t
Effect of Buoyancy on pier 9.943 x 1.200 x 3.650 = 43.550 t

x 1.000
Weight of cut and ease waters= II (0.62 ) x 3.650 x 1.000 = 4.126 t

,
Weight on pier 319.552 t
with water in trough
Weight on pier = 367.228 - 111.09 = 256.134 t

without water in trough
Effect of Buoyancy on pier = 47.676 t
Weight on pier = 208.459 t

without water in trough
Page 54 of 105
Moment due to Wind Force : (para 212.30 of IRC 6-2000 Bridge Code)
Canal Empty Condition:
Case I :
Wind force on super structure:
Wind force acting @ 501.208 + 2.400 / 2

Top level of Bearing + (Exp_Ht_SupStr / 2 ) = 502.408 mts
Ht above Ground Level =

502.408 - 497.626 4.782 mts
Horizontal wind pressure for 4.782 mts height = 66.910 kg per sqm
Wind force at 4.782 m height = 1204.38 kg or 1.204 t

7.5 x 2.400 x 66.910
Moment at base of Pier = 7.445 t-m

( 4.782 + 1.400 ) x 1.204
Moment about top of Soil = 8.168 t-m
( 4.782 + 1.400 + 0.600 ) x 1.204
Wind force on sub structure:

Exposed ht of sub structure = ( 501.208 + 497.626 )/2
Wind force acting @

= 499.417 mts

499.417 - 497.626 1.791 mts

7.500 x 3.582 x 50.746

( 1.791 + 1.400 ) x 1.363
( 1.791 + 1.400 + 0.600 ) x 1.363
Total Moment at base of pier= 11.796 t-m
Total Moment at top of soil= 13.336 t-m
Case II :
But as per para 212.6 of IRC6-2000,the wind force should not be less than 450 kg/m i.e. acting @
4.782 + 1.4 = 6.182 m above base of pier.
Wind force = ( 7.500 * 450/1000 ) = 3.375 t

6.182 x 3.375
6.782 x 3.375
Case III :
Considering a wind force of 240 kg/sqmt as per cl 212.7 of IRC 6-2000.
Wind force : (240/1000) x Ht of SS x Span 4.32 t

( 2.4 x 7.500 x 240/1000 )
6.182 x 4.32
6.782 x 4.32
Page 55 of 105
Maximum Moment at the base of Pier = 26.706 t-m
from three cases.
Maximum Moment about top of soil = 29.298 t-m
from three cases.
The effect of this force & moment is to generate equal and opposite vertical forces in piers.
Canal Full Condition:
Case I :
Wind force acting @ 502.408 mts

Top level of Bearing + (Exp_Ht_SupStr / 2 )
Ht above F.S.L. of Canal =

502.408 - 499.876 = 2.532 mts

8 x 2.4 x 54.926

( 2.532 + 499.876 - 496.226 ) x 0.989
( 2.532 + 499.876 - 495.626 ) x 0.989
Wind force on sub structure:

Exposed ht of sub structure = ( 501.208 + 499.876 )/2
Wind force acting @

= 500.542 mts

500.542 - 499.876 0.666 mts

7.500 x 1.332 x 43.996

( 0.666 + 3.650 ) x 0.440
( 0.666 + 3.650 + 0.600 ) x 0.440
Total Moment at base of pier= 6.405 t-m
Total Moment at top of soil= 6.998 t-m
Case II :
But as per para 212.6 of IRC6-2000,the wind force should not be less than 450 kg/m i.e. acting @
4.782 + 0.600 = 5.382 m above base of pier.
2.532 + 499.876 - 496.226 = 6.182 m above base of pier.
Wind force = ( 7.500 x 450/1000 ) = 3.375 t

6.182 x 3.375
6.782 x 3.375
Page 56 of 105
Case III :
Considering a wind force of 240 kg/sqmt as per cl 212.7 of IRC 6-2000.
Wind force : (240/1000)*Ht of SS * Span 4.32 t

( 2.4 x 7.500 x 240/1000 )
6.182 x 4.32
6.782 x 4.32
Maximum Moment at the base of Pier = 26.706 t-m
from three cases.
Maximum Moment about top of soil = 29.298 t-m
from three cases.
Moment due to water currents:
(a) In canal flow direction:
As per clause 213.2 ofIRC:6-1966 force due to water currents in the direction of canal flow is
given by: 2
p = 52 k V cos20
V = 1.414 v
k = 0.66 ( semicircular )
v = Velocity of flow in canal

= 0.748 m/s
V = 1.414 x v = 1.414 x 0.748 = 1.058 m/s

2
p = 52 x 0.66 x 1.058 x 0.9397

= 36.078 kg/sqm
Pressure due to water currents at FSL = 36.078 kg/sqm
Pressure due to water currents at CBL = 0
Area of pier profile immersed in water=

= 1.200 x 2.250 = 2.700 sq m
Total Pressure due to water currents

=( 36.078 + 0 )/2 x 1/1000 x 2.700 = 0.049 t
Water pressure is acting at 2h/3 from CBL

= 2/3 x 2.250 = 1.500 m
Depth of pier from CBL to the foundation top = 1.400 m
Moment@+ 496.226 = 0.049 ( 1.500 + 1.400 ) = 0.141 t-m
Moment@+ 495.626 = 0.049 ( 1.500 + 1.400 + 0.600 )

= 0.170 t-m
(b) In drain direction:
As per clause 213.2 ofIRC:6-1966 force due to water currents in the direction of drain flow is
given by: 2
p = 52 k V sin20
V = 1.414 v
k = 1.5 (flat surface)
v = Velocity of flow in canal

= 0.748 m/s
Page 57 of 105
V = 1.414 x v = 1.414 x 0.748 = 1.058 m/s
2
p = 52 x 1.5 x 1.058 x 0.342

= 29.842 kg/sqm
Pressure due to water currents at FSL = 29.842 kg/sqm
Pressure due to water currents at CBL = 0
Area of pier profile immersed in water=

= 10.200 x 2.250 = 22.950 sq m
Total Pressure due to water currents

=( 29.842 + 0 )/2 x 1/1000 x 22.950 = 0.342 t
Water pressure is acting at 2h/3 from CBL

= 2/3 x 2.250 = 1.500 m
Depth of pier from CBL to the foundation top = 1.400 m
Moment@+ 496.226 = 0.342 ( 1.500 + 1.400 ) = 0.993 t-m
Moment@+ 495.626 = 0.342 ( 1.500 + 1.400 + 0.600 )

= 1.199 t-m
Tabulation of Loads and Moments at Base of Pier
Vertical Loads Load - T Moments t-m

& Moments Without With Longitudinal Transverse
Buoyancy Buoyancy Moment Moment
Super Structure
water Load
Pedestals 367.228 319.552 - -
pier cap,self wt of pier
Effect of Transverse - - -
eccentricity
Temp Force - - -
water current effect - 0.141 0.993
Wind force 26.706 -

Resultant With 367.228 319.552 - -
out wind effect
Resultant With 367.228 319.552 26.847 0.993
wind effect
Moment in x-x direction = 26.847 t-m

Moment in y-y direction = 0.993 t-m
Stress on Pier :-
Direct Comp Stress (Scc,cal) = 367.228 / 11.931 = 30.778 T/sqmt (Comp)
Bending Stress (Scbc,cal) = 26.847 / 19.772 = 1.358 T/sqmt (Comp)
Bending Stress (Scbc,cal) = 0.993 / 2.386 = 0.416 T/sqmt (Comp)
Max Stress(P max) = 30.778 + 1.358 + 0.416 = 32.552 T/sqmt

(Comp)
< 500 t/m2
Min Stress(P min) = 30.778 - 1.358 - 0.416 = 29.004 T/sqmt

(Comp)
Check:- Scc,cal Scbc,cal
Page 58 of 105
Scc,per Scbc,per
From Table 21 ,IS 456-2000-for grade of concrete = M20 Grade

Direct Stress allowable = 400 t/sq mt
Bending Stress allowable = 500 t/sq mt
Scc,cal Scbc,cal
Scc,per Scbc,per
30.778 1.774
400 500
0.077 + 0.004 <= 1
0.080 <= 1 Hence ok

Hence the section is uncracked
Alternative:
Without Considering water load in trough.
Load on pier = 208.459 t
Stress on Pier :-
Direct Comp Stress (Scc,cal) = 208.459 / 11.931 = 17.471 T/sqmt

(Comp)
Bending Sterss (Scbc,cal) = 26.847 / 19.772 = 1.358 T/sqmt
(Comp)
Bending Sterss (Scbc,cal) = 0.993 / 2.386 = 0.416 T/sqmt
(Comp)
(Comp)
Check:- (Comp)
Scc,cal Scbc,cal
Scc,per Scbc,per
From Table 21 ,IS 456-2000-for grade of concrete = M20 Grade

Direct Stress allowable = 400 t/sq mt
Bending Stress allowable = 500 t/sq mt
Scc,cal Scbc,cal
Scc,per Scbc,per
17.471 1.774
400 500
0.044 + 0.004 <= 1
0.047 <= 1 Hence ok
Check for Slenderness Ratio:-

Height of Pier :- 4.682 mts
Effective Length of Column :- 1.2 L

(Vide cl 306.2.1of IRC 21-2000)
(Service condition with Simply Supported Spans on both sides & pier
fixed at base = 1.2 L )
Effective Length of Pier = 5.618 mts
Slenderness Ratio = (Eff length) /( Least Lateral Dimension)
= 4.682 < 12
Hence ok.
Hence the pier/column is a short column.
Page 59 of 105
Tabulation of Loads and Moments on Top of Soil :-
Total Load on pier = 367.228 t

Weight of Footing 22.000 x 0.600 x 2.500 = 33.000 t
Weight of earth = 29.602 t
( 22.000 - 11.931 ) x 1.400 x 2.100
Weight of water
( 22.000 - 11.931 ) x 2.250 x 1.000 = 22.654 t
Total Weight on foundation = 452.484
Total Load on pier with buoyancy = 319.552 t

Self weight of foundation with buoyancy
22.000 x 0.600 x 1.500 = 19.80 t
Weight of earth with buoyancy
( 22.000 - 11.931 ) x 1.400 x 1.100 = 15.51 t
Total Weight on foundation = 354.86 t
with 100% buoyancy

incl wt of foundn & wt of earth.

incl wt of foundn & wt of earth.
with 100% buoyancy
Vertical Loads Load - T Moments t-m

& Moments Wtihout With Longitudinal Transverse
Buoyancy Buoyancy Moment Moment
Super Structure
water Load
Pedestals 452.48 354.86 - -
BedBlock
Piers
Wt of Foundation
Effect of Transverse - - -
eccentricity
Temp Force - - -
water current effect - 0.170 1.199
Wind force - 29.298 -

Resultant With 452.48 354.86 29.469 1.199
out wind effect
Resultant With 452.48 354.86 29.469 1.199
wind effect
Stress On Soil :-
Grade of Concrete :- M20 Grade
Size of foundation :
Length(L)= 11.000 mts Footing Offset = 0.400 mts
Width(B)= 2.000 mts
Depth(D)= 0.600 mts
Unit Wt of Concrete = 2.500 T/cum
(R.C.C)
Area of Foundation = LXB= 22.000 sq mts
Section modulus of Footing(Zxx)= 40.333 cumts
Section modulus of footing(Zyy)= 7.333 cumts
Direct Stress = 452.48 / 22.000 = 20.567 T/sqmt

(Comp)
Bending Stress = 29.47 / 40.333 = 0.731 T/sqmt
(Comp)
Bending Stress = 1.20 / 7.333 = 0.163 T/sqmt
Page 60 of 105
(Comp)
(Comp)

(Comp)
Weight of Footing :- 0.600 x 2.500
= 1.5 T/sqmt
Net Upward Pressure ;-
Max Stress = 21.462 - 1.5 = 19.962 t/sqmt

which may be allowed
Min Stress = 19.673 - 1.5 = 18.173 t/sqmt
Height of earth = 497.626 - 496.226 = 1.400 m
Weight of Earth :- 1.400 x 2.100 = 2.940 t/sqmt
However 10 mm @ 200 c/c bothways is provided as skin reinforcement.
Page 61 of 105
SECTION 1 - 1: DESIGN OF ABUTMENTS UNDER S.P. TROUGH
Reaction from Super Structure :
Load on pier(from pier design calc.) = 212.63 t
Load on abutment 212.63 / 2 = 106.315 t
Load from Superstructure : 106.315 t

Length of Abutment = (3*2.5)+(2*0.30)+(2*0.3)+0.15+0.15 = 9m
Load from Superstructure

per metre run : 106.315 = 12.35 t/m
9
u Rg = 0.5 x 106.315 = 53.1575 t
Frictional Force for per metre run = 53.158 = 5.906 t

9.000
Page 62 of 105
SECTION 1 - 1: DESIGN OF ABUTMENTS UNDER S.P. TROUGH
DATA : 600
ABUTMENT TOP LEVEL : 501.633 m W12 R + 501.633

SLAB BOTTOM LEVEL : 501.298 m
BED BLOCK BOTTOM LEVEL : 500.998 m W7 W8
+ 500.998
TOP OF FOUDATION : 498.226 m W1
BOT. OF FOUNDATION : 497.626 m
W6
BED BLOCK THICKNESS : 0.300 m 3.407
TOP WIDTH : 0.600 m W11 W4 W3
DWARF WALL WIDTH : 0.600 m W5 W2
REAR BATTER : 1.000 m 400 1000 1000 400 498.226
FRONT BATTER : 1.000 m 0.600 A W13
BOTTOM WIDTH : 3.200 m 497.626
LIVE LOAD SURCHARGE : 0.000 m
B
3200
OFFSET ON EITHER SIDE : 0.400 m 4000
UNIT WT. OF CONC. : 2.400 ton/m3

UNIT WT. OF SOIL : 2.100 ton/m3
UNIT WT. OF WATER : 1.000 ton/m3
o
HOR. COEFFT. OF SOIL : 0.1456 ( considering O value as 28 )
VER. COEFFT. OF SOIL : 0.0395
Page 63 of 105
STRESS IN CONCRETE : Taking Moments of all forces about 'A'
FORCE PARTICULARS MAG. L.A. MOMENT

TONS. MTS TON.MT.
R AS CALCULATED 12.35 1.900 23.471
W1 0.600 * 0.300 * 2.400 0.432 1.900 0.821
W2 0.500 * 1.000 * 2.772 * 2.400 3.326 2.533 8.427
W3 0.600 * 2.772 * 2.400 3.992 1.900 7.584
W4 0.600 * 2.772 * 2.400 3.992 1.300 5.189
W5 0.500 * 1.000 * 2.772 * 2.400 3.326 0.667 2.218
W6 0.500 * 1.000 * 2.772 * 2.100 2.911 0.333 0.970
W7 1.000 * 0.635 * 2.100 1.333 0.500 0.667
W8 0.600 * 0.635 * 2.400 0.914 1.300 1.189
W12 1.600 * 0.000 * 1.000 0.000 0.800 0.000

(LL surcharge)
PV 0.0395 * 3.407 * 3.407 * 2.100 0.963 - -
33.543
PH 0.1456 * 3.407 * 3.407 * 2.100 3.549 1.431 5.079
T Resistance in Bearings 5.906 3.072 18.144
9.456 73.758
LEVER ARM = 2.199 mts.

ECCENTRICITY = 0.599 mts.
ALLOWABLE LIMIT = 0.533 mts. < ecc. tension develops in concrete
MAX. STRESS = 22.254 t/sq.mt.

MIN. STRESS = -1.289 t/sq.mt.
Page 64 of 105
STRESS ON SOIL : Taking Moments of all forces about 'B'
FORCE PARTICULARS MAG. L.A. MOMENT

TONS. MTS TON.MT.
R AS CALCULATED 12.35 2.300 28.412
W1 0.600 * 0.300 * 2.400 0.432 2.300 0.994
W2 0.500 * 1.000 * 2.772 * 2.400 3.326 2.933 9.757
W3 0.600 * 2.772 * 2.400 3.992 2.300 9.181
W4 0.600 * 2.772 * 2.400 3.992 1.700 6.786
W5 0.500 * 1.000 * 2.772 * 2.400 3.326 1.067 3.548
W6 0.500 * 1.000 * 2.772 * 2.100 2.911 0.733 2.134
W7 1.400 * 0.635 * 2.100 1.867 0.700 1.307
W8 0.600 * 0.635 * 2.400 0.914 1.700 1.554
W11 0.400 * 2.772 * 2.100 2.328 0.200 0.466
W12 2.000 * 0.000 * 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000

(LL surcharge)
W13 4.000 * 0.600 * 2.400 5.760 2.000 11.520
PV 0.0395 * 4.007 * 4.007 * 2.100 1.332 - -
42.533 75.659
PH 0.1456 * 4.007 * 4.007 * 2.100 4.909 1.683 8.262
T Resitance in Bearings 5.906 3.672 21.688
10.816 105.609
LEVER ARM = 2.483 mts.

ECCENTRICITY = 0.483 mts.
ALLOWABLE LIMIT = 0.667 mts. > ecc. Hence no tension develops on soil
MAX. STRESS = 18.337 t/sq.mt.

MIN. STRESS = 2.930 t/sq.mt.
Check for sliding: = µ ΣV / Ph

= 0.5 x 42.533 / 10.816
= 1.966 > 1.5
Hence SAFE
Check for over turning: = ΣMR / ΣMO

= 75.659 / 29.95
= 2.526 > 2
Hence SAFE
Page 65 of 105
DESIGN OF ABUTMENT BED BLOCK/CAP & PIERBED BLOCK/ CAP
ABUTMENT CAP/BED BLOCK:
Area of steel reqd. in longitudinal direction(top and bottom together)
= 0.5 x 120 x 30
100
2
= 18 cm
provide 16 mm dia. Bars.
No. of bars = 18
2.01
= 8.957 say 10 nos.
Hence provide 16 mm dia. Bars 10nos. At top and 5 nos. at bottom.
Steel in Tranverse direction
steel required per 'mt' length at top and bottom
= 0.5 x 100 x 30
100
= 15 cm2
Spacing of 10 dia. 2 legged stirrups
= 0.79 x2x 100

15
= 10.467 cm
Provide 10 dia. 2 legged stirrups at 100 c/c in the direction of drain flow.
1200
300 10 dia. 2 legged stirrups

at 100c/c
16 mm dia. Bars 10nos. At top and 5 nos. at bottom.
Page 66 of 105
PIER CAP/BED BLOCK:
Area of steel reqd. in longitudinal direction(top and bottom together)
= 0.5 x 120 x 30
100
= 18 cm2
provide 16 mm dia. Bars.
No. of bars = 18
2.01
= 8.957 say 10 nos.
Hence provide 16 mm dia. Bars 10nos. At top and 5 nos. at bottom.
Steel in Tranverse direction
steel required per 'mt' length at top and bottom
= 0.5 x 120 x 30
100
2
= 6 cm
Spacing of 10 dia. 2 legged stirrups
= 0.79 x2x 100

6
= 26.167 cm
Provide 10 dia. 2 legged stirrups at 250 c/c in the direction of drain flow.
1200
300 10 dia. 2 legged stirrups

at 250c/c
12 dia. 16 nos. 8 at top and 8 at bottom
Page 67 of 105
SECTION 4-4 : U.S. WING WALL AND RETURN WALL
0.5 m
Top width = 0.5 m
Bottom width = 1.8 m
Left side Offcet = 0.4 m W3
Right side off cet = 0.4 m
Thickness of foundation = 0.6 m W4
Height of wing wall = 2.97 m
Total bottom width of foundation = 2.6 m W1
Top level of wing wall = 504.333 2.97 m W2
Top of foundation = 501.363
Bottom of foundation = 500.763
2
Density of concrete = 2.4 T/m
2
Density of soil = 2.1 T/m
Kav = 0.0385 A W5
Kah = 0.1337 B
0.4 0.4
Pav = Kav γ H2 0.5 1.3 m
Pah = Kah γ H2 1.8 m
2.6 m
Taking moments about 'A'
Sl.No. Load Force Lever arm Moment

1 W1 0.5 x 2.97 x 2.4 3.564 0.25 0.891
2 W2 0.5 x 1.3 x 2.97 x2.4 4.633 0.933 4.323
3 W3 0.5 x 1.3 x 2.97 x 2.1 4.054 1.367 5.542
4 Pav 0.0385 x 2.1 x 2.97² 0.713 1.8 1.283
5 Pah 0.1337 x 2.1 x 2.97² 2.477 1.247 -3.089
8.95
Sum of vertical loads ΣV = 12.964 Tonnes
Sum of Momemts M about 'A' = 8.95 T - m
Lever arm = ΣM / ΣV
= 8.95 / 12.964
= 0.69 m
Eccentricity = b/2 - lever arm

= 1.8 / 2 - 0.69
= 0.21 m
E Max. = 0.3 m
Stresses about 'A'

F  6e 
Max. stress = P= 1+ = 12.244 t/m2
b  b 
Min. stress = F  6e  = 2.161 t/m2
P= 1 − b 
b
Page 68 of 105
Taking moments about 'B'

1 W1 0.5 x 2.97 x 2.4 3.564 0.65 2.317
2 W2 0.5 x 1.3 x 2.97 x2.4 4.633 1.333 6.176
3 W3 0.5 x 1.3 x 2.97 x 2.1 4.054 1.767 7.163
4 W4 0.4 x 2.97 x 2.1 2.495 2.4 5.988
5 W5 2.6 x 0.6 x 2.4 3.744 1.3 4.867
6 Pav 0.0385 x 2.1 x 3.57² 1.03 2.6 2.678
7 Pah 0.1337 x 2.1 x 3.57² 3.578 1.847 -6.609
22.58
Sum of Momemts M about 'B' = 22.58 T - m
= 22.58 / 19.52
= 1.157 m

= 2.6 / 2 - 1.157
= 0.143 m
E Max. = 0.433 m
Stresses about 'B'

F  6e  2
Max. stress = P= 1+ = 9.985 t/m
b  b 
Min stress = F  6e  = 5.03 t/m2
P= 1 − b 
b
Check for sliding: = μ ΣV / Ph

= 0.5 x 19.52 / 3.578
= 2.728 > 1.5
Hence SAFE

= 29.189 / 6.609
= 4.417 > 2
Hence SAFE
Page 69 of 105
SECTION 5 - 5 : D.S. WING AT JUNCTION with trough and DS wing (max)
0.5 m
Top width = 0.5 m
2
2
Kav = 0.0385 A W5
Kah = 0.1337 B
0.4 0.4
Pav = Kav γ H2 0.5 1.1 m
2.4 m

1 W1 0.5 x 3.373 x 2.4 4.048 0.25 1.012
2 W2 0.5 x 1.1 x 3.373 x2.4 4.452 0.867 3.86
3 W3 0.5 x 1.1 x 3.373 x 2.1 3.896 1.233 4.804
4 Pav 0.0385 x 2.1 x 3.373² 0.92 1.6 1.472
5 Pah 0.1337 x 2.1 x 3.373² 3.194 1.417 -4.526
6.622
= 6.622 / 13.316
= 0.497 m

= 1.6 / 2 - 0.497
= 0.303 m
E Max. = 0.267 m
Stresses about 'A'

F  6e 
Max. stress = P= 1+ = 17.779 t/m2
b  b 
Min stress = F  6e  = -1.134 t/m2
P= 1 − b 
b
Page 70 of 105

1 W1 0.5 x 3.373 x 2.4 4.048 0.65 2.631
2 W2 0.5 x 1.1 x 3.373 x2.4 4.452 1.267 5.641
3 W3 0.5 x 1.1 x 3.373 x 2.1 3.896 1.633 6.362
4 W4 0.4 x 3.373 x 2.1 2.833 2.2 6.233
5 W5 2.4 x 0.6 x 2.4 3.456 1.2 4.147
6 Pav 0.0385 x 2.1 x 3.973² 1.276 2.4 3.062
7 Pah 0.1337 x 2.1 x 3.973² 4.432 2.017 -8.939
19.137
= 19.137 / 19.961
= 0.959 m

= 2.4 / 2 - 0.959
= 0.241 m
E Max. = 0.4 m
Stresses about 'B'

F  6e  2
Max. stress = P= 1+ = 13.328 t/m
b  b 
Min stress = F  6e  = 3.306 t/m2
P= 1 − b 
b

= 0.5 x 19.961 / 4.432
= 2.252 > 1.5
Hence SAFE

= 28.076 / 8.939
= 3.141 > 2
Hence SAFE
Page 71 of 105
SECTION 6-6 : D.S. WING WALL (min) AND RETURN
0.5 m
Top width = 0.5 m
2
2
Kav = 0.0385 A W5
Kah = 0.1337 B
0.4 0.4
Pav = Kav γ H2 0.5 1.1 m
2.4 m

1 W1 0.5 x 2.875 x 2.4 3.45 0.25 0.863
2 W2 0.5 x 1.1 x 2.875 x2.4 3.795 0.867 3.29
3 W3 0.5 x 1.1 x 2.875 x 2.1 3.321 1.233 4.095
4 Pav 0.0385 x 2.1 x 2.875² 0.668 1.6 1.069
5 Pah 0.1337 x 2.1 x 2.875² 2.321 1.208 -2.804
6.513
= 6.513 / 11.234
= 0.58 m

= 1.6 / 2 - 0.58
= 0.22 m
E Max. = 0.267 m
Stresses about 'A'

F  6e 
Max. stress = P= 1+ = 12.814 t/m2
b  b 
Min stress = F  6e  = 1.229 t/m2
P= 1 − b 
b
Page 72 of 105

1 W1 0.5 x 2.875 x 2.4 3.45 0.65 2.243
2 W2 0.5 x 1.1 x 2.875 x2.4 3.795 1.267 4.808
3 W3 0.5 x 1.1 x 2.875 x 2.1 3.321 1.633 5.423
4 W4 0.4 x 2.875 x 2.1 2.415 2.2 5.313
5 W5 2.4 x 0.6 x 2.4 3.456 1.2 4.147
6 Pav 0.0385 x 2.1 x 3.475² 0.976 2.4 2.342
7 Pah 0.1337 x 2.1 x 3.475² 3.39 1.808 -6.129
18.147
= 18.147 / 17.413
= 1.042 m

= 2.4 / 2 - 1.042
= 0.158 m
E Max. = 0.4 m
Stresses about 'B'

F  6e  2
Max. stress = P= 1+ = 10.121 t/m
b  b 
Min stress = F  6e  = 4.39 t/m2
P= 1 − b 
b

= 0.5 x 17.413 / 3.39
= 2.568 > 1.5
Hence SAFE

= 24.276 / 6.129
= 3.961 > 2
Hence SAFE
Page 73 of 105
STRESS TABLE
STRESS ON STRESS ON SOIL

2 2
S.NO DESCRIPTION CONCRETE (Ton/m ) (Ton/m )
1 SP - ABUTMENT 22.254 -1.289 18.337 2.930
2 SP -PIER 32.554 29.004 21.462 19.673
SECTION 4-4 : U.S. WING WALL 12.244 2.161 9.985 5.030

3 AND RETURN WALL
SECTION 5 - 5 : D.S. WING AT
JUNCTION with trough and DS wing 17.779 -1.134 13.328 3.306
4 (max)
SECTION 6-6 : D.S. WING WALL 12.814 1.229 10.121 4.390
5 (min) AND RETURN
6 SLRB-ABUTMENT 23.621 -3.235 20.728 0.571
7 SLRB-RETURN 17.843 -1.732 15.028 1.460
8 FOOT BRIDGE-ABUTMENT 27.633 -2.883 19.298 3.540
Page 74 of 105
SINGLE LANE ROAD BRIDGE (S.L.R.B.) FOR INSPECTION PATH
DESIGN OF DECK SLAB
Clear span in Normal = 8.1 m

Clear span in skew = 8.10 m
Thickness of slab proposed = 0.65 m
Dia of main reinforcement = 20 mm
Clear cover = 40 mm
width of bearing in normal = 0.6 m
Width of bearing = 0.6 m
Over all span provided "L" = 9.3 m
Effective depth = 650 - 40 - 20/2

= 600 mm
Effective span:
C/C of supports = 8.1 + 0.6/2 + 0.6/2
= 8.700 m
Clear span + effective depth = 8.1 + 0.6
= 8.7 m
Least of the above is effective span = 8.700 m
Carriage way details:

Width of carriage way = 4.25 m
Total width of deck slab = 4.25 m
Proposed section of Single Lane Road Bridge (S L R B):
5.2
0.2 0.2
0.05 0.225 4.25 0.6
0.075
0.3 0.3
0.65
0.475 4.25 0.475
5.2
Page 75 of 105
S.L.R.B. (DECK SLAB)
Design constants:
σcbc = 8.33 N/mm2
σst = 200 N/mm2
m = 10
k = 0.294
j = 0.902
Q = 1.105
3
Unit weight of RCC = 25 Kn/m
3
Unit weight of PCC = 24 Kn/m
Bending moment due to dead load:

2
Weight of slab = 0.65 x 25 = 16.25 Kn/m
2
Weight of WC = 0.075 x 25 = 1.875 Kn/m
2
Total weight = 18.125 Kn/m
Bending moment due to dead load = w l2 /8

= 18.125 x 8.7² / 8
= 171.485 Kn - m
Shear fore due to dead load = WL/2
= 18.125 x 8.7 / 2
= 78.844 KN
Page 76 of 105
Effective dispersion width:
As per Cl No. 305.16.2 of IRC: 21-2000
bef = αa (1 − a / L0 ) + b1
Where
bef = Effective width of slab on which load acts
Lo = effective span
a = Distance of CG of concentrated load from nearst support
b1 = Breadth of concentration area of load, i.e., the dimension of tyre or
track contact area over the road surface of the slab in the direction at
right angles to the span + thickness of WC
α = A constant depending up on the ration of b/ Lo, where b is the over
all width of slab
The ground contact area of the wheels as per Cl. 207.1.3 of IRC 6:2000
Axle load Ground contact area

B (in mm) in effective W (in mm) in width
span way direction
11.4 250 mm 500 mm
6.8 200 mm 380 mm
2.7 150 mm 200 mm
Value of α b Total Width of slab = 4.25 m

LO effective span of slab = 8.7 m
b / LO = 0.489
As per Cl. 305.16.2 of IRC: 21- 2000 , the value of α for given b / Lo for simply supported slab
α = 1.694
Impact factor:
I = 4.5 / (6 + L) = 4.5 / (6 + 8.7)
= 0.306
Impact multiplication factor = 1.306
As per IRC specifications, Class A loading is assumed to act on the deck slab with 4.250 m
carriage way
Effective span of the bridge = 8.7 m
Page 77 of 105
Case 1:
The following loading is considered for the given span
11.4 11.4 6.8
A B C
1.2 4.3
For Maximum bending moment, the two wheel loads of 11.40 T should be placed such that
the resultant of the all loads and either one of the 11.40 loads is equidistant from centre of
the span
Centre of gravity of loading system

= (11.4 x 1.2 + 6.8 x 5.5) / (11.4 + 6.8+11.4)
= 1.726 m
Distance between resultanat and one 11.4 = 0.526 m
C
R
11.4 11.4 6.8
0.263
2.887 1.2 0.263 3.774 0.313
A B C
0.526
4.3
4.35 L
8.7
Dispersion under load "A"

Total axle load acting = 11.4 t
b1 = Width of tyre + 2 x thickness of WC
Width of tyre of under load "A" = 500 mm
= 0.5 m
b1 = 0.5 + 2 x 0.075
= 0.65
α = 1.694
a = 2.887 m
Lo = 8.7 m
bef = 1.694 x 2.887 x (1 - 2.887/8.7) + 0.65

= 3.918 > 1.8 m
Page 78 of 105
0.2
1.8
0.225 0.5 1.3 0.5
0.15
3.918
3.918
Combined width = 0.225 + 0.15 + 0.5 + 1.3 + 0.5/2 + 3.918/2

= 4.384 m
Intensity of load = 11.4 x 1.306 / 4.384
= 3.396 t
Dispersion under load "B"

= 0.5 m
b1 = 0.5 + 2 x 0.075
= 0.65
α = 1.694
a = 4.087 m
Lo = 8.7 m
bef = 1.694 x 4.087 x (1 - 4.087/8.7) + 0.65

= 4.321 > 1.8 m
0.2
1.8
0.225 0.5 1.3 0.5
0.15
4.321 4.321
Combined width = 0.225 + 0.15 + 0.5 + 1.3 + 0.5/2 + 4.321/2

= 4.586 m
= 3.246 t
Page 79 of 105
Dispersion under load "C"
= 0.38 m
b1 = 0.38 + 2 x 0.075
= 0.53
α = 1.694
a = 0.313 m
Lo = 8.7 m
bef = 1.694 x 0.313 x (1 - 0.313/8.7) + 0.53

= 1.041 < 1.8 m
0.2
1.8
0.225 0.38 1.42 0.38
0.15
1.041 1.041
Combined width = 1.041 + 1.041

= 2.082 m
= 4.266 t
For max bending moment the loading system should be positioned as below
3.396 3.246 4.266
2.887 1.2 4.3 0.313
A B C
G H
8.7
Taking moment about "G"

Reaction at "H"
= ((3.396*(2.887)+3.246*(2.887+1.2)+4.266*(2.887+1.2+4.3))/8.7
= 6.764 t
Page 80 of 105
Reaction at "G"
= 4.144 t
Maximum BM under "A"

= 4.144 x 2.887
= 11.964 t - m
= 119.64 Kn - m
Maximum BM under "B"

= 4.144 x 4.087 - 3.396 x 1.2
= 12.861 t - m
= 128.61 Kn - m
Maximum BM under "C"

= 6.764 x 0.313
= 2.117 t - m
= 21.17 Kn - m
Max BM under above load case = 128.61 Kn - m
Case 2:
The following loading is considered for the given span
2.7 2.7 11.4 11.4
1.1 3.2 1.2
For Maximum bending moment, the two wheel loads of 11.40 T should be placed such that
the resultant of the all loads and either one of the 11.40 loads is equidistant from centre of
the span
Centre of gravity of loading system

= (2.7 x 0 + 2.7 x 1.1 + 11.4 x 4.3 + 11.4 x 5.5) / (2.7 + 2.7 + 11.4 + 11.4)
= 4.067 m
Distance between resultanat and one 11.4 = 0.233 m
C
R 11.4
2.7 2.7 0.117 0.117 11.4
0.167 1.1 3.2 1.2 3.033
A B C D
0.233
G H
4.35 L 4.35
8.7 m
Page 81 of 105
= 0.2 m
b1 = 0.2 + 2 x 0.075
= 0.35
α = 1.694
a = 0.167 m
Lo = 8.7 m
bef = 1.694 x 0.166999999999999 x (1 - 0.166999999999999/8.7) + 0.35

= 0.627 < 1.8 m
0.2
1.8
0.225 0.2 1.6 0.2
0.15
0.627 0.627
Combined width = 0.627 + 0.627

= 1.254 m
= 2.812 t

= 0.2 m
b1 = 0.2 + 2 x 0.075
= 0.35
α = 1.694
a = 1.267 m
Lo = 8.7 m
bef = 1.694 x 1.267 x (1 - 1.267/8.7) + 0.35

= 2.184 > 1.8 m
0.2
1.8
0.225 0.2 1.6 0.2
0.15
Page 82 of 105
0.384
2.184
Combined width = 0.225 + 0.15 + 0.2 + 1.6 + 0.2/2 + 2.184/2

= 3.367 m
= 1.047 t

= 0.5 m
b1 = 0.5 + 2 x 0.075
= 0.65
α = 1.694
a = 4.233 m
Lo = 8.7 m
bef = 1.694 x 4.233 x (1 - 4.233/8.7) + 0.65

= 4.332 > 1.8 m
0.2
1.8
0.225 0.5 1.3 0.5
0.15
2.532
4.332
Combined width = 0.225 + 0.15 + 0.5 + 1.3 + 0.5/2 + 4.332/2

= 4.591 m
= 3.243 t
Dispersion under load "D"

= 0.5 m
b1 = 0.5 + 2 x 0.075
= 0.65
α = 1.694
a = 3.033 m
Lo = 8.7 m
Page 83 of 105
bef = 1.694 x 3.033 x (1 - 3.033/8.7) + 0.65
= 3.997 > 1.8 m
0.2
1.8
0.225 0.5 1.3 0.5
0.15
3.997 3.997
Combined width = 0.225 + 0.15 + 0.5 + 1.3 + 0.5/2 + 3.997/2

= 4.424 m
= 3.365 t
For max bending moment the loading system should be positioned as below
2.812 1.047 3.243 3.365
0.167 1.1 3.2 1.2 3.033
A B C D
G H
8.7 m
Taking moment about "H"

Reaction at "G"
= 3.365 x 3.033 + 3.243 x 4.233 + 1.047 x 7.433 + 2.812 x 8.5330 / 8.7
= 6.404 t
Reaction at "H"
= 4.063 t
Maximum BM under "A"

= 6.404 x 0.167
= 1.069 t - m
= 10.69 Kn - m
Maximum BM under "B"

= 6.404 x 1.267 - 2.812 x 1.1
= 5.021 t - m
= 50.21 Kn - m
Maximum BM under "C"

= 6.404 x 4.467 - 2.812 x 4.3 - 1.047 x 3.2
= 13.165 t - m
= 131.65 Kn - m
Page 84 of 105
Maximum BM under "D"
= 4.063 x 3.033
= 12.323 t - m
= 123.23 Kn - m
Max BM under case 2 = 131.65 Kn - m
Maximum BM due to live loads under two casses are = 131.65 Kn - m
Maximum BM due to dead loads are = 171.485 Kn - m
Total BM = 131.65 + 171.485 = 303.135 Kn - m
Page 85 of 105
Shear force:
Maximum shear force due to DL = 78.844 KN
As per IRC: 21-2000, clause 305.16.3, dispersion of load along the span equal to the
dimension of the tyre contact area over the wearing surface of the slab in the direction of
the span plus twice the overall depth of the slab inclusive of the thickness of the wearing
surface.
Longitudinal dispersion width = Tyre width + 2 x (depth of slab + WC)

Tyre width = 0.25 m
Over all depth of slab = 0.65 m
Wearing coat = 0.075 m
= 0.25 + 2 x (0.65+0.075)
= 1.7 m
For Max B.M. 11.40 T should be kept at a distance of 0.85 m from face of support
Hence for the above span, the following loads will be acting on slab
11.4 11.4 6.8 0 0 0
A B C D E F
0.85 1.2 4.3 2.35 0 0 0

G H
8.7 m

= 0.5 m
b1 = 0.5 + 2 x 0.075
= 0.65
α = 1.694
a = 0.85 m
Lo = 8.7 m
bef = 1.694 x 0.85 x (1 - 0.85/8.7) + 0.65

= 1.949 > 1.8 m
Page 86 of 105
Combined width of dispersion = Width of slab / 2 + bef / 2
Width of slab = 4.25 m
bef = 1.949
= 4.25/2 + 1.949/2
= 3.1 m
= 4.803 t

= 0.5 m
b1 = 0.5 + 2 x 0.075
= 0.65
α = 1.694
a = 2.05 m
Lo = 8.7 m
bef = 1.694 x 2.05 x (1 - 2.05/8.7) + 0.65

= 3.304 > 1.8 m

bef = 3.304
= 4.25/2 + 3.304/2
= 3.777 m
= 3.942 t

= 0.38 m
b1 = 0.38 + 2 x 0.075
= 0.53
α = 1.694
a = 2.35 m
Lo = 8.7 m
Page 87 of 105
bef = 1.694 x 2.35 x (1 - 2.35/8.7) + 0.53
= 3.436 > 1.8 m

bef = 3.436
= 4.25/2 + 3.436/2
= 3.843 m
= 2.311 t
Hence for the above span, the following loads will be acting on slab
4.803 3.942 2.311 0 0 0
A B C D E F
0.85 1.2 4.3 2.35 0 0 0

G H
8.7 m
Taking moment about "H"

Reaction at "G"
= (4.803 x 7.85 + 3.942 x 6.65 + 2.311 x 2.35 + 0 x 0 + 0 x 0 + 0 x 0) / 8.7
= 7.971 t
Reaction at "H" = 3.085 t
Max shear due to live load = 7.971 t

= 79.71 KN
Max shear due to dead load = 78.844 KN
Total shear due to DL + LL = 79.71 + 78.844

= 158.554 KN
Page 88 of 105
Check for effective depth:
Design constants:
2
σcbc = 8.33 N/mm
2
σst = 200 N/mm
m = 10
k = 0.294
j = 0.902
Q = 1.105
Maximum BM due to DL + LL = 303.135 Kn - m
Effective depth required for the above B.M. d = √M/ (Q b)
= SQRT [303.135 x 10^6 / (1.105 x 1000)]

= 523.766 mm
Effective depth provided = 600 mm Hence SAFE
Since the effective depth provided is more than the required, the design SAFE
Area of steel required :

Area of steel required = Ast = M / σst j d
= 303.135 x 10^6 / (200 x 0.902 x 600)
2
= 2800.582 mm

= 0.12 x 1000 x 650 / 100
2
= 780 mm
2
= 2800.582 mm
Diameter of the bar = 20 mm 314.159

= 112.176 mm
say 100 mm c/c
2
Provide 20 mm dia bars at 100 mm c/c as main reinforcement
Check for SHEAR:

Max shear force = 158.554 KN

Effective depth of the beam d = 600 mm
Nominal shear stress TV = 158554 / 1000 x 600

2
= 0.26 N/mm
As per table 12 of IRC-21:2000, the max permisible shear stress for M25 grade of concrete are
2
= 2.2 N/mm
As per Cl. 304.7.1.2 For slabs the Max shear stress shall not more than half of above value
2 2
= 1.1 N/mm > 0.264 N/mm
Hence SAFE
2
Page 89 of 105
% of steel provided = 100 Ast / b d = 100 x 3141.59 / 1000 x 600
= 0.524 %
Permisible shear stress Tc from table 12B of IRC-21:2000 for given % of steel for grade M 25
= 0.315 N/mm2

= 0.315 x 1000 x 600
= 189000 N
= 189 KN
2
Ast of bent up bars = 0 mm
Shear resisted by bent up bars = 175 x 0 x 0.707
= 0N
= 0 KN
In no case shear resisted by bent up bars are more than 50% of Total shear force
There fore Max shear resisted by bent up bars are = 0 KN
Total shear resisted by concrete + bent up bars = 189 + 0

= 189 KN
= > 158.554 KN
Hence SAFE
Since the shear resisted by concrete & bent up bars are more than the required, Design of
reinforcement from shear criteria is not needed. HENCE O.K.
Distribution steel:
As per IRC:21-2000 Clause 305.18.1 The distribution, reinforcement shall be such as to

produce a resisting moment in the direction perpendicular to the span equal to 0.3 times
the moment due to concentrated live loads plus 0.2 times the moment due to other loads
such as dead loads, Shrinkage, Temperature etc.
Moment due to LL = 131.65 Kn - m

Moment due to DL = 171.485 Kn - m
Total BM for distribution steel are = 0.3 x 131.65 + 0.2 x 171.485

= 73.792 Kn - m
Area of steel required = Ast = M / σst j d

= 73.792 x 10^6 / (200 x 0.902 x 600)
2
= 681.744 mm

= 0.12 x 1000 x 650 / 100
2
= 780 mm
2
= 780 mm
Diameter of the bar = 12 mm 113.097

Spacing required using 12 mm dia bars = 113.097 x 1000 / 780
= 144.996 mm
say 125 mm c/c
2
Provide distribution steel of 12 mm dia bars at 125 mm c/c

Top reinforcement
Page 90 of 105
2
As per IRC: 21-2000, clause 305.10, shrinkage and temparature reinforcement of 250 mm is to be
provided in each direction
Area of steel required for top reinforcement = 250 mm2

Providing 10 mm dia of bars
Area of one reinforcing bar ( ast )
2
= (Π/4) X 10
2
= 78.57 mm
Spacing of top reinforcement = ( ast / Ast ) x 1000
= ( 78.57 / 250.00 ) X 1000
= 314.29 mm
Top reinforcement : 10 mm dia of bars at 300 mm c/c

Provide 10 mm dia bars at 300 mm c/c at top to take care of temparature and shrinkage in either direction
And Provide distribution steel of 10 mm dia bars at 300 mm c/c at top
Page 91 of 105
Dead load reactions:
5.2
0.2 0.2
0.05 0.225 4.25 0.6
0.075
0.3 0.3
0.05 0.05
0.65
0.475 4.25 0.475
5.2
3
Unit weight of RCC = 25 Kn/m
3
Unit weight of PCC = 24 Kn/m
Dead weight of deck slab:

slab weight = 5.2 x 0.65 x 25 = 84.5 Kn/m
Wt of wearing coat = 0.075 x 4.25 x 24 = 7.65 Kn/m
Wt of Kerb = 0.475 x 0.3 x 25 x 2 = 7.125 Kn/m
Wt of railings = 0.2 x 0.6 x 25 x 2 = 6 Kn/m
Total load 105.275 Kn/m
Total Span of deck slab (C/C) = 9.300 m
Total dead load per span = 105.275 x 9.3

= 979.058 KN
= 97.906 t
Dead load coming on to the pier = 97.906 t
Dead load coming on to the abutment = 48.953 t
Page 92 of 105
1) REACTION ON ABUTMENT FOE INSPECTION PATH DECK SLAB:
Dead load : Length of abutment = = 5.2 m
As calculated in pier design /deck slab = 97.91 t
Load on abutment = 97.906 / 2 = 48.953 t
Load coming on to abutment per m length = 48.953 / 5.2 = 9.414 t/ m
Live load :
Live load maximum = 29.600 t
Impact factor = 4.5 = 4.5 = 0.306
6+L 6+ 8.70
As the impact factor reduces to zero at 3.00 m below bed block and 0.5 times the
factor at bottom of bed block, the above factor comes down to
= 0.306 x 1.06 = 0.054 on top of concrete
2 3.00
Live load including impact per m length = 29.600 x 1.054 = 5.999 t/m
5.20
Total load coming on abutment = 9.414 + 5.999 = 15.413 t/m
2) Force due to braking effect ;
20 % of max train load on span

The Braking force for this loading is the maximum that is coming on the span = 29.6 t( from pier design )
Braking force = ( 29.6 ) 20 /( 100 x 2 ) = 2.960 t
acting at 1.20 m above road level I.e.,
Force per running m = 2.960 / 5.20 = 0.569 t/m
3) Frictional force due to bearings

As per IRC Frictional / temprature forces are = µ RG
Where µ = 0.5
RG = 48.95 t
There fore frictional / Temp reactions = 0.5 x 48.953

= 24.477 t
Load per meter run = 24.477 / 5.2

= 4.707 t/m
Page 93 of 105
ABUTMENT UNDER DECK SLAB
Width of dirt wall = 0.600 m

Width of bed block = 0.600 m
Width of front batter (on road side) = 0.000 m
Width of rear batter = 3.300 m
Left side footing offcet = 0.400 m
Right side footing off cet = 0.400 m
Thickness of foundation = 0.600 m
Total bottom width of foundation = 5.300 m
Road top level = 504.333 m
Top of bed block = 503.608 m
Bottom of bed block = 503.308 m
Top of foundation = 501.363 m
Bottom of foundation = 500.763 m
Density of concrete RCC = 2.5 T/m2
Density of concrete PCC = 2.4 T/m2
Density of soil = 2.1 T/m2
Kav (soil-28 degress ) = 0.0395
Kah = 0.1584
Loads from Inspection path:
Reaction over bed block R = 15.413 T/m
Beaking force BF = 0.569 T/m
Frictional force FF = 4.707 T/m
Live load surcharge = 1.2 m
0.6 0.6
R 504.333
0.725 m
BF FF W7 503.608
W2 W1
0.300 m
503.308
W6 2.970
W9
W3
1.945 m
bed level 501.633 W4
0.270 W5
501.363
A W8
0.600 m 500.763
B
0.4 0.00 1.2 3.300 0.4
4.5
5.3
Page 94 of 105
2
Pav = Kav γ H
Pah = Kah γ H2

1 W1 0.6 x 1.025 x 2.5 1.538 0.9 1.384
2 W2 0.6 x 0.3 x 2.5 0.45 0.3 0.135
3 W3 1.2 x 1.945 x 2.4 5.602 0.6 3.361
4 W4 0.5 x 3.3 x 1.945 x 2.4 7.702 2.3 17.715
5 W5 0.5 x 0 x 0.27 x 2.4 0 0 0
6 W6 0.5 x 3.3 x 1.945 x 2.1 6.739 3.4 22.913
7 W7 3.3 x 1.025 x 2.1 7.103 2.85 20.244
8 R 15.413 15.413 0.3 4.624
9 BF 0.569 0.569 2.245 -1.277
10 FF 4.707 4.707 2.245 -10.567
11 Pav 0.0395 x 2.1 x (4.17² - 1.2²) 1.323 4.5 5.954
12 Pah 0.1584 x 2.1 x (4.17² - 1.2²) 5.305 1.247 -6.615
Total 45.87 57.871
= 57.871 / 45.87
= 1.262 m

= 4.5 / 2 - 1.262
= 0.988 m
E Max. = 0.75 m
Stresses about 'B'

F  6e 
P Max. = P= 1+ = 23.621 t/m2
b  b 
P Min. = F  6e  = -3.235 t/m2
P= 1 − b 
b
Page 95 of 105

1 W1 0.6 x 1.025 x 2.5 1.538 1.3 1.999
2 W2 0.6 x 0.3 x 2.5 0.45 0.7 0.315
3 W3 1.2 x 1.945 x 2.4 5.602 1 5.602
4 W4 0.5 x 3.3 x 1.945 x 2.4 7.702 2.7 20.795
5 W5 0.5 x 0 x 0.27 x 2.4 0 0.4 0
6 W6 0.5 x 3.3 x 1.945 x 2.1 6.739 3.8 25.608
7 W7 3.3 x 1.025 x 2.1 7.103 3.25 23.085
8 W8 5.3 x 0.6 x 2.4 7.632 2.65 20.225
9 W9 0.4 x 2.97 x 2.1 2.495 5.1 12.725
10 R 15.413 15.413 0.7 10.789
11 BF 0.569 0.569 2.845 -1.619
12 FF 4.707 4.707 2.845 -13.391
13 Pav 0.0395 x 2.1 x (4.77² - 1.2²) 1.768 5.3 9.37
14 Pah 0.1584 x 2.1 x (4.77² - 1.2²) 7.09 1.847 -13.095
Total 102.408
= 102.408 / 56.442
= 1.814 m

= 5.3 / 2 - 1.814
= 0.836 m
E Max. = 0.883 m
Stresses about 'B'

F  6e  2
P Max. = P= 1+ = 20.728 t/m
b  b 
P Min. = F  6e  = 0.571 t/m2
P= 1 − b 
b

= 0.5 x 56.442 / 12.366
= 2.282 > 1.5
Hence SAFE

= 121.143 / 28.105
= 4.31 > 2
Hence SAFE
Page 96 of 105
DESIGN OF RETURN WALL
0.5 505.333
Top width = 0.500 m ROAD TOP

Left side Offcet = 0.400 m 3.97 W3
Top level of Road = 504.333 2.97 m W2
2
2
Kav = 0.0395 A W5
Kah = 0.1584 B
Live load surcharge = 1.2 m 0.4 0.4
Pav = Kav γ H2 0.5 1.5 m
Pah = Kah γ H2 2m
2.8 m

1 W1 0.5 x 3.97 x 2.4 4.764 0.25 1.191
2 W2 0.5 x 1.5 x 2.97 x2.4 5.346 1 5.346
3 W3 0.5 x 1.5 x 2.97 x 2.1 4.678 1.5 7.017
4 Pav 0.0395 x 2.1 x (4.17²-1.2²) 1.323 2 2.646
5 Pah 0.1584 x 2.1 x (4.17² - 1.2²) 5.305 1.247 -6.615
9.585
= 9.585 / 16.111
= 0.595 m

= 2 / 2 - 0.595
= 0.405 m
E Max. = 0.333 m
Stresses about 'A'

F  6e 
P= 1+ 17.843 t/m2
b  b 
Max stress = =
Min stress = F  6e  = -1.732 t/m2

P= 1 − b 
b
Page 97 of 105

1 W1 0.5 x 3.97 x 2.4 4.764 0.65 3.097
2 W2 0.5 x 1.5 x 2.97 x2.4 5.346 1.4 7.484
3 W3 0.5 x 1.5 x 2.97 x 2.1 4.678 1.9 8.888
4 W4 0.4 x 2.97 x 2.1 2.495 2.6 6.487
5 W5 2.8 x 0.6 x 2.4 4.032 1.4 5.645
6 Pav 0.0395 x 2.1 x (4.77² - 1.2²) 1.768 2.8 4.95
7 Pah 0.1584 x 2.1 x (4.77² - 1.2²) 7.09 1.847 -13.095
23.456
= 23.456 / 23.083
= 1.016 m

= 2.8 / 2 - 1.016
= 0.384 m
E Max. = 0.467 m
Stresses about 'B'

F  6e 
P= 1+ 15.028 t/m2
b  b 
Max stress = =
Min Stress = F  6e  = 1.46 t/m2

P= 1 − b 
b

= 0.5 x 23.083 / 7.09
= 1.628 > 1.5
Hence SAFE

= 36.551 / 13.095
= 2.791 > 2
Hence SAFE
Page 98 of 105
Design of Dirt wall:
3
Unit weigth of soil = 21 Kn/m
Size of dirt wall = 0.6 m x 5.2 m
height of dirt wall = 0.65 m
A) Moment due to this live load surcharge
Active earth pressure coefficient Ka = 0.333

height of live load surcharge = 1.2 m
Moment due to 120 m live load surcharge = (0.333 x 21 x 0.65) x 1.2 x 0.33
= 1.773 Kn/m
B) Moment due to earth pressure:-
intensity of earth pressure = Kaγh

= 0.333 x 21 x 0.65
= 4.545 Kn/m2
force in dirt wall = 4.545 x 0.65 / 2

= 1.477 Kn/m
moment on dirt wall = 1.477 x 0.65 x 0.42

= 0.403 Kn - m
= 0.403 Kn -m/m
C) Moment due to breaking force:- = 20% of 20 t load
= 4t
= 40 Kn
Effective width o dispersion = 5.2 m
There fore moment = 40 / 5.2
breaking force per meter = 7.692 Kn/m
BM = 14.23
There fore total moment = 1.773 + 0.403 + 14.23

= 16.406 Kn - m
Design constants:
Grade of concrete M 25
cbc = 8.33 N/mm2
st = 200 N/mm2
m = 10
k = 0.294
j = 0.902
Q = 1.105
effective depth required = SQRT( 16.406 x 10^6 /1.105 x 1000)

= 121.849 mm
effective depth avaliable using 12mm dia bars with 40mm cover
= 600 - 40 - 12/2
= 554 mm
area of steel = 16.406x 10^6 /(200 x 0.902 x554)

= 164.156 mm2
Page 99 of 105
Minimum steel at 0.12% of gross area = 0.12 x 600 x 1000/100
2
= 720 mm
required spacing of 10 mm dia 2 leg vertical stirrups at 125 mm c/c

157.08 218.167 mm
provide 125 mm
distribution steel:-
2
0.12% of the gross area = 720 mm
Spacing required on one side = 78.5 x 1000 / 360
= 218.056
say 200 mm c/c
provide 10mm dia bars at 200mm c/c on both the faces of horizontals
Design of abutment Bed block:
Size of pedastal = 1200 x 300 mm
Grade of concrete = M25

Total area of steel = 1.0%
Area of section = 360000 mm2
Area of steel = 0.01 x 360000
= 3600 mm2
Reinforcement at top & bottom = 1800 mm2
There fore provide 10 nos pf 16 mm di bars 201.062
= 2010.62 mm2 > 1800 mm2
Area of stitrrups required = 1800 mm2

There fore provided 12 mm dia bars at 125 mm c/c 113.097
There fore Ast proided(4Legged) 1809.552 mm2 > 1800 mm2
Design of Bed block on pier:
Size of pedastal = 1200 x 300 mm
Grade of concrete = M25

Total area of steel = 1.0%
Area of section = 360000 mm2
Area of steel = 0.01 x 360000
= 3600 mm2
Reinforcement at top & bottom = 1800 mm2
There fore provide 10 nos pf 16 mm di bars
= 2010.62 mm2 > 1800 mm2
Area of stitrrups required = 1800 mm2

There fore provided 12 mm dia bars at 125 mm c/c 113.097
2
There fore Ast proided(4Legged) 1809.552 mm > 1800 mm2
Page 100 of 105

FOOT BRIDGE FOR NON INSPECTION PATH
Design of slab:
clear span = 8.1 m
width of support = 0.5 m
effective span = clear span + effective depth or
c/c of supports
thickness of slab = 500 mm
clear cover = 40 mm
dia of reinforcement proposed = 20 mm
effective depth = 450 mm
c/c of suuprts = 8.1 + 0.5

= 8.6 m
clear spa + eefctive depth = 8.1 + 0.45
= 8.55 m
Therefore effective span is lesser of the above two casses
= 8.55 m
Load calculations:
Dead load from the slab = 1 x 1 x 0.5 x 25 = 12.5 Kn/m

Assuming the live load acting = = 5 Kn/m
Load from the parapet 300 kg/m = 3 Kn/m
Total load acting = 20.5 KN/m
Assuming RCC M25

σcbc 8.33
m 10
σst 200
k 0.309
j 0.897
Q 1.154
Max. Bending Moment = Wl2/8

= 20.5 x 8.55² / 8
= 187.325 KN-m
Effective depth required d = SQRT(M/Qb)

= SQRT(187.325x 10^6 / 1.154x 1000)
= 402.898 mm
effective depth provided = 450 mm HENCE SAFE
Area of steel required Ast = M/st j d

= 187.325 x 10^6 /200 x 0.897x450
2
= 2320.389 mm
Spacing of 20 mm dia bars = 314 / 1000 x 2320.389

= 135.322
say 125 mm c/c
2
Area of steel provided = 2512 mm
There fore provide 20 mm dia bars at a spacing of 125 mm c/c
Page 101 of 105

check for shear
Max. shear force = V = wl/2

= 20.5 x 8.55 / 2
= 87.638 KN
Nominal shear stress Tv = V/bd

= 87.638 x 10^3/1000 x 450
= 0.195 N/mm2
% of steel provided = 100 Ast / bd

= 100 x 2512 / 1000 x 450
= 0.558
Permisible shear stress Tc from table 23 of IS 456 for the corresponding % of steel
0.329 N/mm2
Since the permisible shear stress is more than the nominal shear stress it is safe in shear
Distribution steel :
Distribution steel is provided as 0.12 % of the cross sectional area

= 0.12% of bD
= 0.0012 x 1000 x 500
2
= 600 mm
Diameter of distribution bar = 10 mm 78.54
Spacing of 10mm dia bars = 1000 x 78.54 /600
= 130.9
say 125 mm
there fore provide Dist. Steel of 10mm dia bars at a spacing of 125 mm c/c
Page 102 of 105

ABUTMENT UNDER NON INSPECTION PATH
Width of dirt wall = 0.500 m

Width of bed block = 0.500 m
Width of front batter (on road side) = 0.000 m
Width of rear batter = 1.000 m
Left side footing offcet = 0.400 m
Right side footing off cet = 0.400 m
Thickness of foundation = 0.600 m
Total bottom width of foundation = 2.800 m
Road top level = 504.108 m
Top of bed block = 503.608 m
Bottom of bed block = 503.308 m
CBL/ Drain BL = 501.633 m
Density of concrete RCC = 2.5 T/m2
Density of concrete PCC = 2.4 T/m2
Density of soil = 2.1 T/m2
Kav = 0.0385
Kah = 0.1337
Loads from Inspection path:
Reaction over bed block R = 8.8 T
Beaking force BF = 0T
Frictional force FF = 0T
Live load surcharge = 0m
0.5 0.5
R 504.108
0.500 m
BF FF W7 503.608
W2 W1
0.300 m
503.308
W6 3.375
W9
W3
501.633
2.575 m
W4
0.900 W5
500.733
A W8
0.600 m 500.133
B
0.4 0 1.0 1 0.4
2
2.8
Pav = Kav γ H2
Page 103 of 105

Pah = Kah γ H2

1 W1 0.5 x 0.8 x 2.5 1 0.75 0.75
2 W2 0.5 x 0.3 x 2.5 0.375 0.25 0.094
3 W3 1 x 2.575 x 2.4 6.18 0.5 3.09
4 W4 0.5 x 1 x 2.575 x 2.4 3.09 1.333 4.119
5 W5 0.5 x 0 x 0.9 x 2.4 0 0 0
6 W6 0.5 x 1 x 2.575 x 2.1 2.704 1.667 4.508
7 W7 1 x 0.8 x 2.1 1.68 1.5 2.52
8 R 8.8 8.8 0.25 2.2
9 BF 0 0 2.875 0
10 FF 0 0 2.875 0
11 Pav 0.0385 x 2.1 x (3.375² - 0²) 0.921 2.0 1.842
12 Pah 0.1337 x 2.1 x (3.375² - 0²) 3.198 1.418 -4.535
Total 24.75 14.588
= 14.588 / 24.75
= 0.589 m

= 2 / 2 - 0.589
= 0.411 m
E Max. = 0.333 m
Stresses about 'A'

F  6e  2
Max stress = P= 1+ = 27.633 t/m
b  b 
Min stress = F  6e  = -2.883 t/m
2
P= 1 − b 
b
Page 104 of 105


1 W1 0.5 x 0.8 x 2.5 1 1.15 1.15
2 W2 0.5 x 0.3 x 2.5 0.375 0.65 0.244
3 W3 1 x 2.575 x 2.4 6.18 0.9 5.562
4 W4 0.5 x 1 x 2.575 x 2.4 3.09 1.733 5.355
5 W5 0.5 x 0 x 0.9 x 2.4 0 0.4 0
6 W6 0.5 x 1 x 2.575 x 2.1 2.704 2.067 5.589
7 W7 1 x 0.8 x 2.1 1.68 1.9 3.192
8 W8 2.8 x 0.6 x 2.4 4.032 1.4 5.645
9 W9 0.4 x 3.375 x 2.1 2.835 2.6 7.371
10 R 8.8 8.8 0.65 5.72
11 BF 0 0 3.475 0
12 FF 0 0 3.475 0
13 Pav 0.0385 x 2.1 x (3.975² - 0²) 1.277 2.8 3.576
14 Pah 0.1337 x 2.1 x (3.975² - 0²) 4.436 2.018 -8.952
Total 34.452

Sum of Horizontal loads
ΣH = 4.436 Tonnes
Sum of risning momentsΣMR = 43.404 Tonn - m
Sum of risning momentsΣMO = 8.952 Tonn - m
= 34.452 / 31.973
= 1.078 m

= 2.8 / 2 - 1.078
= 0.322 m
E Max. = 0.467 m
Stresses about 'B'

F  6e  2
Max stress = P= 1+ = 19.298 t/m
b  b 
Min Stress = F  6e  = 3.54 t/m
2
P= 1 − b 
b

= 0.5 x 31.973 / 4.436
= 3.604 > 1.5
Hence SAFE

= 43.404 / 8.952
= 4.849 > 2
Hence SAFE
Page 105 of 105

Design of SP

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UPPER PENNAR PROJECT

MAIN CANAL FROM JEEDIPALLI RESERVOIR TO UPPER PENNAR RESERVOIR

Hydraulic particulars of Canal

Surplus discharge from near by tank (if any) = 0 Cumecs

Total flood discharge = 22.54 + 0

Calculaton of bed fall of vagu:

Ground Distance Bed fall

Bed level on U/S of vagu at 250 504.430

Bed level on U/S of vagu at 200 504.101

Bed level on U/S of vagu at 100 502.935

Bed level on U/S of vagu at 50 502.576

Average bed fall = 546.799 / 5

TOTAL DISCHARGE ( Q ) = 22.540 cumecs

-60 503.067 502.220 0.000

SURFACE FALL ( S ) = 0.009144

Stream discharge = 22.54 Cumecs

Lacey's regime wetted perimeter (LRWP) = 4.8 √Q

Area (B + SD) D = (14 + 1.5 x 1.4) x 1.4

There fore velocity as per mannings = 1/ n x R2/3 x S1/2

There fore discharge Q = A V = 22.54 x 1.001

Fixing length of the Trough:

Discahrge in the canal = 14.731 Cumecs

Total thickness of slab including wearing coat & haunches = 0.425 m

There fore stream B.L. considered in the design = 501.633 m

Over all length of the trough is proposed = 15.000 m

Length of each trough slab = 15 / 2

Assuming the width of the support = 1.2 m

Clear span of each trough = 7.5 - 1.2

Discharge in the stream = 22.54 Cumecs

Proposed depth of flow in the trough = 1.60 m

Bed width of trough is calculated as = 11.27 / 1.6

Number of vents proposed = 3 nos

Number of end side walls = 2 nos

Over all inside width of the trough = 7.5 + 2 x 0.3

Overall outside width of the trough = 7.5 + 2 x 0.3 + 2 x 0.3

size of haunches = 0.15 x 0.15

area of haunches = 0.016875 m2

net area of the trough provided = 11.983 m2

net velocity inside the trough = 22.54 / 11.983

As the calculated velocity is less than the designed velocity 2 m/sec

Flow diagram for TEL calculations of Super passage

Maximum flood discharge of the stream = 22.54 Cumecs

Total Maximum flood discharge of the stream = 22.54 Cumecs

No of vents proposed = 3 Nos

No of end side walls = 2m

Total FLOW width of trough (excluding side intermediate walls) = 7.5 m

At Non Inspection path (Foot bridge):

Proposed bed width of stream in approach canal = 14 m

Proposed U/S transition splay = 3 :1

U/S length of transition = (14 - 8.1) / 2 x 3

Proposed bed width of stream in tail channel = 14 m

proposed D/S transition splay = 4 :1

D/S length of transition = (14 - 8.1) / 2 x 4

8.850 15.000 11.800

Flow condition at section A - A

Flow condition at section B - B

Flow condition at section C - C

Flow condition at section E - E