KEYWORDS

 SUPERLIST  
Argument  Structure  Keywords  
 
 
• CONCLUSION:   • ADDITIONAL  PREMISE:  
o Hence   o And  
o Therefore   o At  the  same  time  
o So   o In  addition  
o Accordingly   o Moreover  
o Thus   o Furthermore  
o Consequently   o Also  
o Clearly/Obviously   o What’s  more  
o For  this  reason   o Besides  
o In  light  of  this   o Additionally  
o In  view  of  this   • EXPLANATION/DEFINITION:  
o As  a  result   o ,      …      ,  
o Clear  that/Obvious  that   o —      …      —  
o Implies  that   o That  is  
o Seems  that   o In  other  words  
o Can  infer  that   • SHIFT:  
o Follows  that   o But  
o Shows  that   o Yet  
o Conclude  that   o However  
o Means  that   o Nevertheless  
o Must  be  that   o Nonetheless  
o Can  be  concluded  that   o On  the  other  hand  
o Should  be  noted  that   o On  the  contrary  
o Strongly  supports  that   o In  contrast  
o (Premise  keyword)  …  ,  __________   o By  contrast  
o __________  (Premise  keyword)  …   • CONCESSION  (SHIFT  will  occur  after  the  
• PREMISE:   concession  phrase  comma):  
o Because   o Though  …,  
o Since   o Even  though  …,  
o For   o Although  …,  
o As   o While  …,  
o In  that   o Despite  …,  
o Due  to   o In  spite  of  …,  
o Owing  to   o Admittedly  …,  
o In  as  much  as   o Granted  …,  
o Derived  from   o Of  course  …,  
o <Before/After  semicolon>   o May  be  right  …,  
o After  all   o Is  true  that  …,  
o Above  all   o Unlike  …,  
o Indeed   o Whereas  …,  
o For  instance  
o For  example  
o Given  that  
o Seeing  that  
o Can  be  seen  from  
o As  indicated  by  
o Know  this  by  
o Clear/Evidenced  from  the  fact  that  
o Supported  by  the  fact  that  
o For  the  reason  that  
o On  the  ground  that  

 
KEYWORDS  SUPERLIST  
Other  Keywords  /  Indicators  
 
 
• SUFFICIENT  CONDITION:   • DEGREE  WORDS  (positive):  
o If   o Every/All/Any/Each  
o When   o Most/Majority/Over  half/  
o Whenever   Almost  all/Nearly  all  
o As  long  as   o Some/At  least  one/Many/  
o Every   A  few/A  little  
o All   • DEGREE  WORDS  (negative):  
o Any   o Not  all  (some  NOT)  
o The  only   o Not  most  (most  NOT)  
o In  order  to   o Not  some  (all  NOT  à  NONE)  
o (To/For/That/Which/Who   • OPINION:  
__________)*   o Should/Should  not  
• NECESSARY  CONDITION:   o Must/Must  not  
o Then   o Need/No  need  
o Only   o Can/Possible/Likely/Probably  
o Only  if   o Cannot/Impossible/Unlikely  
o Only  when   o Surely/Merely/Purely  
o Must   o Never/Always/Without  Exception  
o __________  is  essential   o Sufficient/Guarantee/Essential  
o Requires   o Right/Correct/True  
o No  …  Unless  __________   o Wrong/Incorrect/False  
o No  …  Except  __________   o Good/Bad  
o No  …  Until  __________   o Clear/Obvious/Inevitable  
o No  …  Without  __________   o Compelling/Crucial/Important  
o (It  is  __________)*   o Fails/Misguided/Useless/  
• CAUSATION:  (C=cause;  E=effect)   Flawed/Pointless  
o (C)  Causes  (E)   o Unfortunately/Fortunately  
o (C)  Leads  to  (E)   o Ignores/Obscures/Overlooks  
o (C)  Tends  to  (E)   o Argues/Claims/Contends    
o (C)  Induces  (E)   (3rdp  arg)  
o (C)  Influences  (E)   o (Predictions)  
o (C)  Promotes  (E)   o (Superlatives)  
o (C)  Inhibits  (E)   • TONE  (RC):  
o (C)  Enables  (E)   o Unreserved  
o (C)  Encourages  (E)   o Outright    
o (C)  Determines  (E)   o Optimistic  
o (C)  Produces  (E)   o Sympathetic  
o (C)  Triggers  (E)   o Respectful  
o (C)  Plays  a  role  in  (E)   o Restrained  
o (C)  Responsible  for  (E)   o Suppressed  
o (C)  Is  the  reason  for  (E)   o Tacit  
o (C)  Is  a  factor  in  (E)   o Ambivalent  
o (E)  Because  of  (C)   o Detached  
o (E)  Product  of  (C)   o Uninterested  
o (E)  Result  of  (C)   o Uncommitted  
o (E)  Due  to  (C)   o Indifferent  
o (E)  Effect  of  (C)   o Guarded  
o The  …,  the  …  (CORRELATION)   o Unimpressed  
o Disparaging  
o Critical  
o Scornful