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COMPUTER SCIENCE FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 1)

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SHORT QUESTIONS
Describe Napier’s Bone and Slide Rule.
Napier's Bone:
 It was a calculating device invented by John Napier (Scottish Mathematician) in
1614.

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 It consisted of a wooden box containing rotating cylinders having digits from 0-9.
 It could multiply, divide and find square roots of numbers.
Slide Rule:

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 It was device developed by William Oughtred (English Mathematician) in 1920s.
 It was based on the idea of logarithm.
 It is used to solve problem of multiplications and divisions.

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 It has 3 parts. Slide, Rule and Sliding Cursor.
Compare 1st and 3rd generation computers.
First Generation Computers (1940-1956):

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i) They used vacuum tube technology.
ii) Vacuum tubes produce lot of heat and needs to be cooled with A.C.

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iii) Their examples were ENIAC, UNIVAC-I, IBM-604, Mark-I and EDSAC etc.
iv) This generation computers had following short comings:
a. Very big in size
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b. Slow in speed and have less memory
c. Large power consumption
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d. Difficult maintenance.
Third Generation Computers (1963-1971):
i) They used Integrated circuits consisting of transistors, diode and resistances.
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ii) These computers were smaller and consume very less power.
iii) These computers used more versatile programs like real time programming.
iv) They can run different applications at the same time.
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v) Their examples were Burroughs 6700, IBM System / 360, System 3 and
Control Data Corporations 3300 and 6600.
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Differentiate between analog and digital computers.

Analog computer:
 Analog computers represent and process data by measuring quantities such as
voltage and current to solve a problem.
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 They work on supply of continuous signals as input.

 They are special purpose devices, designed to perform single specific task.
 Analog computers are very fast but their accuracy is low.
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 They consist of electrical devices such as resisters, capacitors transistors etc.

Digital computers:
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 They work on binary digits i.e. 0s and 1s.

 Their result is displayed on monitor or printed on paper.
 These are general purpose computers in many sizes and shapes.
 These computers accept data in the form of digits.
 They have low speed than analog computers but accurate.
 They have high memory capacity.
 They are being used in business, education, health, supermarkets & banking.

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COMPUTER SCIENCE FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 1)

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Ahmed, a class IX student is asking his father to replace his home computer
CRT monitor with LCD monitor. How will you justify his demand?
 LCDs are free from geometric image distortions because they are a flat matrix
display where every pixel is active.
 LCDs have uniform screen brightness and the screen is covered with a flexible
surface which is less prone.

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 LCDs are flicker free and avoid headaches and eyestrain.
 LCDs are smaller than CRT monitor.

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 LCD needs lesser energy than CRT Monitors.
What will happen if storage devices are removed from a computer?
If storage devices are removed from a computer then it will not possible to store the

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information and information retrieval.
Differentiate between systems software and application software.
System Software:

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 It is a collection of programs which makes the use of computer easy and efficient.
 Highly experienced computer programmers develop system software.

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 For example operating system, device drivers and utility program etc.
Application Software:
 Application software is developed for computer users to solve their problems such
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as preparing a letter, creating a presentation or managing a database.
 Commonly used application software includes productivity software, business
software, entertainment software and education software.
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How a student can use computer to improve academic performance?
Using Computer Applications will:
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 Increase the motivation in student.

 Increase the interest for learning Management.
 Lead to the development of students' skills.
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 Develop the students' process of thinking critically.

 creates the opportunity for students to solve different case studies
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 Prepares the students for the knowledge-based society and economy.

Give any three uses of computers in a school library.
 Access to information and primary information sources.
 Network accessibility on Intranet and Internet.
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 User-friendly interface.
 Advanced search and retrieval.
 Multiple access / Universal accessibility.
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 Integration with other digital libraries.

Name few house hold appliances in which microprocessor is used.
They are being used in the devices including mobile phones, microwave ovens,
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cameras, washing machines, televisions, etc.

What are the tasks performed by operating system?
 It loads programs into memory and executes them.
 It controls the operation of input/output and storage devices.
 It manages files and folders.
 It allows creating a password to protect computers from unauthorized use.
 It detects hardware failures and displays messages to fix them.
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COMPUTER SCIENCE FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 1)

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LONG QUESTIONS
Describe the five generations of computers.
First Generation Computers (1940-1956):
i) They used vacuum tube technology.

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ii) Vacuum tubes produce lot of heat and needs to be cooled with A.C.
iii) Their examples were ENIAC, UNIVAC-I, IBM-604, Mark-I and EDSAC etc.
iv) This generation computers had following short comings:

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a. Very big in size
b. Slow in speed and have less memory
c. Large power consumption

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d. Difficult maintenance.
Second Generation Computers (1956-1963):
i) They used transistors instead of vacuum tubes.

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ii) They are reliable and cheaper.
iii) They used punch card readers, magnetic tapes and printers.

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iv) They use assembly language.
v) High level programming languages were introduced like FORTRAN and
COBOL in these computers.
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vi) Their examples were UNIVAC-II, IBM 7030, 7780 and 7090, NCR 300 etc.
Third Generation Computers (1963-1971):
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i) They used Integrated circuits consisting of transistors, diode and resistances.
ii) These computers were smaller and consume very less power.
iii) These computers used more versatile programs like real time programming.
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iv) They can run different applications at the same time.

v) Their examples were Burroughs 6700, IBM System / 360, System 3 and
Control Data Corporations 3300 and 6600.
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Fourth Generation Computers (1971-Till Now):

i) They use LSI (Large Scale Integration) and VLSI (Very Large Scale
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Integration) chips.
ii) Microprocessors were also developed in fourth generation.
iii) They are very fast and have large memory capacity.
iv) Large variety of softwares are present in these computers.
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v) They support multimedia software that combine text, image, sound and
videos.
vi) They use modern languages like C, C++, Java etc.
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vii) Their examples are Pentium Series, Dual Core, Core i3, i5 and i7 etc.
Fifth Generation Computers (Upcoming):
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i) This generation is currently under process.

ii) Scientists are trying to design such machine which can think and understand
natural languages.
iii) They will be based on Artificial Intelligence.
iv) Their examples will be robots and expert systems.

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COMPUTER SCIENCE FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 1)

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Write a note on mainframe, minicomputer and microcomputer.
Mainframe Computer:
 These are very large, powerful and expensive.
 They can support hundreds and thousands users at a time.
 Modern mainframe computers use cutting edge technology.
 They can execute trillions of instructions per second.

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 Examples are IBM zEnterprise EC12, EC196, HP16500 etc.
Minicomputer:

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 These are introduced in 1960s after development of IC chips.
 These are less expensive and smaller than mainframe computers.
 They can execute Billions of instructions per second.

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 They are also using cutting edge technology now a days.
 Their examples are IBM System/36 and HP 3000.
Microcomputer:

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 These are less expensive and smallest computers.
 These are being used in all application areas like homes, offices etc.

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 These are introduced in 1970s after development of micro-processor.
 They can execute millions of instructions per second.
 Their examples are IBM, HP, Dell, Toshiba etc.
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Explain the basic operations of a computer.
Input Operation:
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 A computer works in the light of instructions (input) given to it.
 Input is given by a user using keyboard or mouse.
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 The input is stored in memory for further processing.

Processing Operation:
 Microprocessor processes the data according to instructions (input).
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 Microprocessor fetches the data from memory and Control Unit (CU) decodes the
instructions.
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 After decoding, it sends signals to other parts of computer to execute it.

Storage Operation:
 The result produced after processing are stored in memory before sending to
output device or hard disk.
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Output Operation:
 The Control Unit displays the results on the monitor or print it on paper. Results
can also be saved on hard disk for future use.
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Write short note on the followings.

Hardware Engineer:
 He is a person who design and manufacture computer hardware.
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 He also do repairing and maintenance of computers.

 He has deep knowledge of computers, processors, circuit boards, input & output
devices etc.
Network Administrator:
 He is a person, who install configure and maintain the computer network.
 He is incharge of computer hardware and software used at the network.
 He give password to network users to access the network.
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COMPUTER SCIENCE FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 1)

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Database Administrator:
 He is a person, who design, implement and maintain the databases.
 He also ensures the security of database.
Web Designer:
 He is a person, who creates and designs the websites.
 He uses different elements and languages to create websites.

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Multimedia Designer:
 He is a person, who presents information in attractive manner.

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 He creates digital images and videos using various software.
 He can edit, split and combine images and videos.

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Describe the following types of application software.
Productivity Software:
 They include word processing, spreadsheet and database management.

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 They are used to speed up daily routine tasks.
 They help to work in organized and efficient manner.

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Business Software:
 They help to run any kind of business in efficient way.
 Some examples are accounting, sales, marketing and inventory softwares etc.
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Entertainment Software:
 They are used for entertainment purpose.
 Games are most popular entertainment softwares.
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 They also help to improve skills like typing tutors etc.
Education Software:
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 They are used for education purpose.

 They include typing tutors, spelling tutor, language learning, medical, driving test,
flight simulation etc.
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