Sources of Knowledge
Sources of Knowledge
Sources of Knowledge
•Beliefs
•Tradition
•Authority
•Emotions
•Personal Experience
•Intuition
•Research
Sources of knowledge
Research
Process Limitations
•Select problem •Human subjects
•Review literature •Public institution
•Write research hypothesis •Complexity of research
•Collect data problem
•Analyze data •Methodological difficulties
•Interpret findings
•State conclusions
Characteristics
•Empirical
•Public methods (Verifiable)
•Objective
•Logical
•Precise
Research
Functions
of
Basic Research
Applied
•Concerned with knowing, •Often conducted “in the
explaining, and predicting field” rather than laboratory
natural and social
phenomena •Focused on solution to
practical problems
•Often starts with theory,
principle or generalization •Less concern about
generalization
•Tests theories
•Uses inductive logic
Evaluation
•Assesses merit and worth of
particular programs and/or
practices
Research
Approaches to
Quantitative: Qualitative:
(Numbers) (Narrative)
Differ in:
•Assumptions
•Research Purpose
•Research Methods and processes
•Prototypical studies
•Researcher role
•Importance of context
•Description only or generalizability
Research
Identify Problem
Replicate Studies