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    Study Material and Notes of CH 12 Electricity Class 10th. Topics in The Chapter

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    Savita Chauhan
    This document provides an overview of key topics in Chapter 12 on Electricity for Class 10th, including electric current and circuits, electric potential and potential difference, Ohm's law, factors that resistance depends on, and heating effects of electric current. It defines important concepts such as electric current, potential difference, resistance, and Ohm's law. In 6 sections, it outlines these topics, providing definitions, explanations, mathematical relationships, and examples to illustrate the essential physics principles covered in the chapter.

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    Study Material and Notes of CH 12 Electricity Class 10th. Topics in The Chapter

    Uploaded by

    Savita Chauhan
    91 views5 pages
    This document provides an overview of key topics in Chapter 12 on Electricity for Class 10th, including electric current and circuits, electric potential and potential difference, Ohm's law, factors that resistance depends on, and heating effects of electric current. It defines important concepts such as electric current, potential difference, resistance, and Ohm's law. In 6 sections, it outlines these topics, providing definitions, explanations, mathematical relationships, and examples to illustrate the essential physics principles covered in the chapter.

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    This document provides an overview of key topics in Chapter 12 on Electricity for Class 10th, including electric current and circuits, electric potential and potential difference, Ohm's law, factors that resistance depends on, and heating effects of electric current. It defines important concepts such as electric current, potential difference, resistance, and Ohm's law. In 6 sections, it outlines these topics, providing definitions, explanations, mathematical relationships, and examples to illustrate the essential physics principles covered in the chapter.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    91 views5 pages

    Study Material and Notes of CH 12 Electricity Class 10th. Topics in The Chapter

    Uploaded by

    Savita Chauhan
    This document provides an overview of key topics in Chapter 12 on Electricity for Class 10th, including electric current and circuits, electric potential and potential difference, Ohm's law, factors that resistance depends on, and heating effects of electric current. It defines important concepts such as electric current, potential difference, resistance, and Ohm's law. In 6 sections, it outlines these topics, providing definitions, explanations, mathematical relationships, and examples to illustrate the essential physics principles covered in the chapter.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    Study Material and Notes of Ch 12 Electricity Class 10th.

    Topics in the Chapter


    ● Electric current and circuit
    ● Electric Potential and potential difference
    ● Circuit diagram
    ● Ohm's law
    ● What is resistance?
    ● Factors on which the Resistance of a conductor depends
    ● Resistance of a system of Resistors
    ● Heating effects of electric current
    ● Electric power

    1. Electric current and circuit

    ---> A continuous and closed path of an electric current is called an electric


    circuit.

    ---> Electric current is expressed by the amount of charge flowing through a


    particular area in unit time.
    OR
    ​We can say that It is the rate of flow of electric charge. It is denoted by (I).

    In an electric circuit the direction of electric current is taken as opposite to the


    direction of the flow of the electrons, which are negative charges.

    If a net charge Q flows across any cross section of a conductor in time t then the
    current I through the cross section is
    I = Q/t

    The SI unit of electric charge is coulomb C, which is equal to the charge


    contained in nearly 6×10^18 electrons.
    The electric current is express by a unit called ampere (1775-1836) .

    One ampere is constituted by the flow of one coulomb of charge per second,that
    is, 1 A=1C/1s​.

    1
    An instrument called ammeter measures electric current in a circuit. It is always
    connected in series in a circuit through which the current is to be measured.

    2.​ Electric Potential and potential difference

    ---> Electric Potential at a point in a electric field is defined as the work done in
    moving a unit positive charge from infinity to that point.

    ---> We define the electric potential difference between two points in an electric
    circuit carrying some current as the work done to move a unit charge from one
    point to the other.

    The SI unit of electric potential difference is Volt (v) named after Alessandro volta
    (1745-1827),an Italian physicist.

    One Volt is the potential difference between two points in a current carrying
    conductor when 1joule of work is done to move a charge of 1 coulomb from one
    point to another.

    Therefore,
    1volt =1joule/1 coulomb

    The potential difference is measure by means of an instrument called the


    Voltmeter. It is connected always in parallel across the points between which the
    potential difference is to be measured​.
    3. ​Circuit diagram

    2
    4. ​OHM,S LAW
    ---> It states that, At constant temperature, the current flowing through a
    conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across its ends.

    I § V (at constant temp.)


    V=R×I

    Where R’ is a constant “Resistance” of the conductor.


    V/I=R

    3
    5. ​What is resistance?
    ---> The Ratio of potential difference applied between the ends of a conductor
    and the current flowing through it is a constant quantity called resistance.

    We have just seen


    that: V/I=R
    OR V =I×R
    OR V/R=I
    So, current, I=V/R
    It is obvious from this relation that:
    ➢ The current is directly proportional to the potential difference.
    ➢ The current is inversely proportional to resistance.

    6. ​Factors on which the Resistance of a conductor depends


    ---> The of Resistance depends on the nature, length, area of cross-section and
    temperature of the conductor.
    ---> Resistance of a uniform metallic conductor is directly proportional to its
    length (l) and inversely proportional to the area of cross-section (A). That is,

    4
    Where (p) rho is a constant of proportionality and is called the electrical
    Resistivity of the material of the conductor. The SI unit of Resistivity is omega
    metre.

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