SLAB T-BEAMS

DESIGN
If given: LL/DL, span, fc, fy IN 2010 Ф = 0.9 if Ɛ = 0.005 (tension controlled)
LF: spacing of main bars and dia.& spacing of temp. bars Ф = 0.65 if Ɛ = 0.002 (compression) controlled)
If given: fc, fy, Øbar
h d LF: Mucap
bf
Steps:
1. hmin =
L
(0.4 +
fy
) = mm
t a
20 700
2. d = h – concov. - (Øbar)
1
=mm d z
2 z
3. wslab = ȣconc x h =KN/m3
4. Wu = wslab (1m) =KN/m
Wu (L2 )
5. Mu max = =KN.m
8
6. using Mu = ФR(b)(d2) = you get R Steps: (if steel yields Ф=0.9)
600d
7. 1. Cb = = mm
600 + fy

ρreq =
0.85fc′
[1 − √1 −
2R
] 2. a = βCb > t = mm
fy 0.85fc′ 3. z = a-t = mm
√𝑓𝑐′
ρmin = 4. A1 = bf(t) = mm2
4fy
0.85fc′β 600 5. A2 = bw(z) = mm2
ρmax = 0.75( )( ) 6. T=C
fy 600+fy
if ρmax > ρreq > ρmin use ρreq Asbfy = 0.85fc’(A1+A2) = you get Asb
8. As = ρreqbd = mm2 π(Ø2 )
7. As provided = 𝑛 ∗ = mm2
π𝑑 2 4
9. Abar = = mm2 if As < Asb therefore steel yields
4
𝐴 8. Therefore fs = fy
10. Spacingbar = 𝑏𝑎𝑟 x 1000 = mm
As
0.85fc’Ac = Asfy = you get Ac
11. To get max spacing
If Ac < A1
a) Spacingbar
therefore, aactual < t
b) 3h
9. Ac = bf(aactual) = you get aactual
c) 450 mm 𝑎
THEREFORE, Use Øbar spaced @ smallest spacing 10. Mu = ФAsfy(d - 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙) = KN.m
2

12. FOR TEMPERATURE BAR If given: fc, fy, Øbar , MDL

As = 0.0020bh if fy is < 275 LF: MLL
As = 0.0018bh if fy is > 275 < 415 bf
0.0018 x 400
As = bh if fy is > 415
fy
𝐴 t
13. Spacingtemp = 𝑏𝑎𝑟 x 1000 = mm
As
14. To get max spacing d z
a) Spacingtemp
b) 5h
c) 450 mm
THEREFORE, Use Øbar spaced @ smallest spacing Steps: (if steel does not yields Ф = 0.65)
600d
1. Cb = = mm
If given: thickness, Øten.bar,spacing,cover, fc, fy 600 + fy

LF: Load pressure 2. a = βCb > t = mm

Steps: 3. z = a-t = mm
1 4. A1 = bf(t) = mm2
1. d = h – concov. - (Ø) =mm
2
𝐴𝑏𝑎𝑟
5. A2 = bw(z) = mm2
2. Spacingbar = x 1000 = you get As 6. T=C
As
As Asbfy = 0.85fc’(A1+A2) = you get Asb
3. ρprox =
bd π(Ø2 )
0.85fc′β 600 7. As provided = 𝑛 ∗ = mm2
4. ρbal = ( )( ) 4
fy 600+fy
if As > Asb therefore steel does not yields
if ρbal > ρprox therefore steel yields
a
5. Mu = ФAsfy(d- )
2
=KN.m bf
Asfy
a= =mm A1 t C1 = 0.85fc’A1
0.85fc′b
Wu(𝐿2 )
aact=βcact
6. Mu= =you get Wu A2 y1 C2 = 0.85fc’A2
8 d z
7. Wu = 1.4DL + 1.7LL =you get LL z
where DL= ȣconc x h x 1m =KN/m y2 = d-t-
As 2

INVESTIGATION
If given: LL,DL, span, fc, fy, Øbar , spacing 8. T=C
LF: If safe or failed A1fs = 0.85fc’(A1+A2) = you get cact
Steps: d−c
where fs=600( )
c
1. Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = KN/m
Wu(𝐿2 )
9. aact=βcact = mm
2. Mu= = KN.m 10. z = aact-t = mm
8
1 t
3. d = h – concov. - (Øbar) = mm 11. y1 = d - = mm
2 2
4. Mu = ФRbd2 = you get R z
12. y2 = d – t - = mm
2
0.85fc′ 2R
5. ρreq = [1 − √1 − ] 13. c1 = 0.85fc’A1 = KN
fy 0.85fc′
1.4
14. c2 = 0.85fc’A2 = KN
ρmin = 15. Mn = c1y1 + c2y2 = KN.m
fy
ρmax = 0.75(
0.85fc′β
)(
600
) 16. Mu = ФMn
fy 600+fy 17. Using NSCP 2010
if ρmax > ρreq > ρmin use ρreq Mu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = you get LL
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. As = ρreq(1000)(d) = mm2
𝐴
7. Spacingbar = 𝑏𝑎𝑟 x 1000 = mm
As
If Spacingbar > Spacinggiven
THEREFORE SAFE
If given: fc, fy, MDL, MLL
LF: As
bf
C = 0.85fc’abf
t
d
T = Asfy

Steps:
1. Mu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = KN.m
3
2. ctn = (d) = mm
8
3. assume Ф=0.9 for ФMfn
t
ФMfn=Ф 0.85 fc’ bf t (d- ) = KN.m
2
if ФMfn > Mu therefore a < t
a
4. Mu = ФAsfy(d - ) = you get a
2
a
5. c= if c < ctn
β
therefore tension-controlled Ф=0.9
6. T=C
Asfy = 0.85fc’abf = you get As
√𝑓𝑐′
7. As min. = bwd ; As min. < As OK!
2𝑓𝑦
√𝑓𝑐′
As min. = bfd ; As min. < As OK!
4𝑓𝑦
bf

t abal cbal
z

8. T=C
Asbfy = 0.85fc’Ac bal = you get Asb
where Ac bal = bf + zbw
z = abal – t
abal = βcbal
600d
cbal =
600+𝑓𝑦
9. As max =0.75Asb
if As max > As > As min. therefore use As

DESIGN
If given: fc, fy, MDL, MLL , t, spacing of slab, bw, d, span
LF: As , bf
Steps:
L
1. bf = = mm
4
bf =16t + bw = mm
bf = ctr. to ctr. spacing = mm
USE SMALLEST bf
2. Mu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = KN.m
t
3. ФMfn=Ф 0.85 fc’ bf t (d- ) = KN.m
2
if ФMfn < Mu therefore a > t
4. Mu2 = Mu - ФMfn = KN.m
z
5. Mu2 = Ф 0.85 fc’ bw z (d- ) = you get z
2
z
6. y2 = d-t- = mm
2
7. Asfy = 0.85fc’(bft+bwz) = you get As
8. T=C
Asbfy = 0.85fc’Ac bal = you get Asb
where Ac bal = bf + zbalbw
z = abal – t
abal = βcbal
600d
cbal =
600+𝑓𝑦
9. As max =0.75Asb = mm2
√𝑓𝑐′
10. As min. = bwd
2𝑓𝑦
√𝑓𝑐′
As min. = bfd
4𝑓𝑦

if As max > Asb > As min.

therefore USE Asb
 SRB (2010) INVESTIGATION (steel yield and tension-controlled)
3
if Ɛs = 0.005(tension-cont) c= d Given: b, d , fc’, fy, Øbar
8
459 3 LF: Mu
ФMtn= β1fc’ b d2 (1- β1)
1600 16 Steps:
3
if Ɛt = 0.004(transition) c= d 1. know if steel yield or not
7
3 0.85fc′β π𝐷2
ρmax = 𝑥 As = n x = mm2
7 𝑓𝑦 4
51 3 As
Ф Mn max=Ф β1fc’ b d2 (1- β1) ρact =
140 14 𝑏𝑑
800−fy 0.85fc′β
Ф = 0.65 + 0.25 ρbal =
1000−𝑓𝑦 𝑓𝑦
If fs > 1000 MPa , tension-controlled Ф = 0.9 if ρbal > ρact therefore steel yield
𝑓𝑠 +𝑓𝑦 2. know if tension controlled or transition
If fs < 1000 MPa , transition Ф = 0.65+0.25( )
1000−𝑓𝑦 Asfy = 0.85fc’ab = you get a
0.05 a
If fc’ > 28 β = 0.85 - (fc’-28) c=
7 β
DESIGN fs = 600( )
d−c
= MPa
Given: MDL, MLL, b, d , fc’, fy c
if fs > 1000 therefore tension
LF: As
controlled, Ф = 0.9
Steps:(tension controlled) a
1. know if tension-controlled or transition 3. ФMn = Ф0.85fc’ab(d- ) = Ф Mn = MPa
2
Mu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = KN.m
459 3
ФMtn= 2
β1fc’ b d (1- β1) = KN.m INVESTIGATION (steel yield and transition)
1600 16
if Mu < ФMtn therefore tension Given: b, d , fc’, fy, Øbar
controlled, Ф = 0.9 LF: Mu
other way to know if tension controlled or transition Steps:
a 1. know if tension-controlled or transition
Mu = Ф0.85fc’ab(d- ) = you get a π𝐷2
2
a As = n x = mm2
c= 4
β As
d−c ρact =
fs = 600( ) = MPa 𝑏𝑑
c 0.85fc′β
if fs > 1000 therefore tension ρbal =
𝑓𝑦
controlled, Ф = 0.9 if ρbal > ρact therefore steel yield
a 2. know if tension controlled or transition
2. Mu = Ф0.85fc’ab(d- ) = you get a
2
3. T=C Asfy = 0.85fc’ab = you get a
a
Asfy = 0.85fc’ab = you get As c=
β
d−c
fs = 600( )
c
DESIGN if fs > 1000 therefore transition
Given: MDL, MLL, b, d , fc’, fy 𝐟𝐬−𝐟𝐲
Ф = 0.65 + 0.25
LF: As 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎−𝒇𝒚
a
Steps:(transition) 3. Ф Mn = Ф0.85fc’ab(d- ) = Ф Mn = MPa
2
1. know if tension-controlled or transition
Mu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = KN.m INVESTIGATION (steel does not yield and compression-controlled)
459 3
ФMtn= β1fc’ b d2 (1- β1) = KN.m Given: b, d , fc’, fy, Øbar
1600 16
51 3 LF: Mu
Ф Mn max=Ф β1fc’ b d2 (1- β1) = KN.m
140 14
Steps:
1. know if steel yield or not
if ФMn max > Mu > ФMtn therefore transition π𝐷2
𝒇𝒔 +𝒇𝒚 𝐝−𝐜 As = n x = mm2
Ф = 0.65+0.25( ); fs=600( ) 4
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎−𝒇𝒚 𝒄 As
ρact =
2. insert Ф w/ variable “c”, and a = βc in Mu 𝑏𝑑
a 0.85fc′β
Mu = Ф0.85fc’ab(d- ) = you get “c” then “a” next ρbal =
2 𝑓𝑦
3. T=C if ρbal < ρact therefore steel does not yield
Asfy = 0.85fc’ab = you get As 2. T=C
Asfs = 0.85fc’ab
d−c
DESIGN fs = 600( ) ; a = βc
c
Given: MDL, MLL, fc’, fy, dapprox , ρ=approx x ρb insert “fs“ and “a” in Asfs = 0.85fc’ab
LF: As, b, d = you get “c” then next is “a” and “fs”
Steps: 3. If fs > fy therefore compression-controlled,
1. Mu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = KN.m Ф = 0.65
2. ρ= approx x ρb 4. Ф Mn = Ф0.85fc’ab(d- )
a
= Ф Mn = MPa
0.85fc′β 600 2
ρb = x
𝑓𝑦 600+𝑓𝑦
d−c
3. fs = 600( )
c
600d
cbal=
600+𝑓𝑦
ρb corresponds to cbal
cbal = approx x ρb
d−𝑐𝑏𝑎𝑙
4. fs = 600( ) = MPa
𝑐𝑏𝑎𝑙
if fs < 1000 therefore transition
3 0.85fc′β
5. ρmax = 𝑥
7 𝑓𝑦
6. Mu = ФRnbd2 = you get “b” then “d”
𝑓𝑠 +𝑓𝑦
Ф = 0.65+0.25( )
1000−𝑓𝑦
7. As = ρbd = mm2