COMPUTER AIDED SLAB ANALYSIS, DESIGN, AND

ESTIMATE BASED ON NATIONALSTRUCTURAL

CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
2015 SPECIFICATIONS

A Thesis Proposal

presented to
the Civil Engineering Faculty of the College of Engineering and Technology

NORTHWEST SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY

Calbayog City

In partial fulfillment of the course requirements in

RESEARCH 1

By

JOY E. BARANDINO
ALOISIOUS CARL F. DOROJA
KRISEN JOY C. FRANSISCO
SHAINA Y. GUIA
JERALD P. JAMORAWON
JONATHAN A. OROT
RYAN M. SAGADAL

BSCE 4 – Researchers

ENGR. ERWIN B. MIANO

Thesis Adviser/Supervisor
 APRIL 2019

CHAPTER I

The Problem and Its Setting

Introduction

High-rise building investment projects indicate a component of the

country’s economy power & a sign of advantage to the country. “It assures guests

the experience of staying in a global icon, which opens to spectacular views",

Mark Kirby says, the general manager of the Armani Hotel in Dubai. For

residents the appeal of high-rise living is no doubt centered on the views it offers,

as well as being located in the heart of the city. Moreover, there are numerous

aspects are taken into consideration. One of these is the design of high-rise

buildings, it needs to withstand the lateral forces imposed by winds and potential

earthquakes. Because of the height, large occupant populations, and the

location, high-rises require the mindful provision of life-safety systems. Such

studies are made through accurately studying the planning, architectural,

structural and civil engineering works.

Civil Engineering, the profession of designing, executing and

sustaining all-inclusive structural safety works that serve the general public. They

are expected to find extensive approaches in enhancing the infrastructures of

their construction through the changes in climate, increased urbanization and

drought and other phenomena with the use of the advancement of technologies.
 Today, Civil engineering softwares are accepted as a new

representation of computational accuracy and reliability to design and solve

structural works and analysis, example are ETABS, STAAD Pro, TEKLA and

many more. Civil Engineers are seeing expansion of options to enlarge work

efficiency with consistency and meet customer needs. However, there are also

drawbacks of these softwares associated in designing structural slab.

According to Abishek Anand, Civil Engineer, the area of steel

provided for some softwares after analysis on loads is highly uneconomical. It

gives more quantity of steel than required. Due to the results given, the project

cost increases.

While Sye Chakraborty, Design Engineer of Bentley Technical

Support Group, an advantage of using surface element is that the minute details

involved in the process of converting a physical object like a wall or slab into an

analytical model consisting of a plate element mesh, is not something that the

user has to bother about. However, in many situations, not knowing these details

can lead to errors, some of which are impossible to detect because the

underlying elements cannot be seen graphically.

Nevertheless, there are cases wherein the failure of slabs are caused

during the construction, such as high or less water cement ratio, improper mixing

of cement concrete causing non-uniform settlement of the concrete, inadequate

cover to reinforcement, incorrect placement of steel, less curing done and poor

compaction according to Sami Ullah Stanizkai, Civil Engineer.

 There are many softwares nowadays that design and analyze structures

which is a big help to structural designers but the problem in these programs are

too expensive to buy and use, and using pyrated softwares are illegal and

immoral.

So to ease the problem of designing and analyzing structural slab we

come up with a study to develop a software using Visual Basic.net.

Visual Basic is a powerful front-end tool. Its structure is simple, especially

the executable code. It is also an integrated development environment (IDE) with

easy-to-use tools and utilities that allows for rapid development of software

programs.

This study aims to develop a computer-aided design software using

Visual Basic.net designed to provide complete computation details, estimate the

quantity and cost of materials, analyze and design non-prestressed and

prestressed structural slab with the use of National Structural Code of the

Philippines 2015. Furthermore, this is suited for the civil engineer candidates

namely students with their schoolwork related to the fields covered, for it is also a

user-friendly software.
Theoretical Framework

According to National Structural Code of the Philippines 2015,

section 408.2.1, a slab system shall be permitted to be designed by any

procedure satisfying equilibrium and geometric compatibility, provided that design

strength at every section is at least equal to required strength, and all

serviceability requirements are satisfied the direct design method of section

408.10 or equivalent frame method of section 408.11 is permitted for design

where applicable.

Jason Edwards, Structural Engineer, the coefficient method is

quick hand-method of calculating the moments in two-way slabs supported by

edge beams. The coefficient method was first included in the 1963 edition of ACI

code as a method to design two-way slabs, supported on all four sides by walls,

steel beams or deep beams. The coefficient method is not included in current

version of ACI code 318, but it can still be use for two-way slab systems with

edge beams.

The coefficient method makes use of tables of moment coefficients

for a variety of slab edge conditions. The coefficients are based on elastic

analysis but also include considerations for inelastic moment redistribution.

Objectives of the Study

1. To develop a structural design software mainly for slab according to the

National Structural Code of the Philippines 2015 specification and will

provide the following output:

a. To create detailed computation of slab design.

b. To provide cost estimate of materials.

c. To produce ready-to-print output of approved design.

Significance of the Study

This study will be a great advantage to the following:

Researchers. The study intends to give guidance to our future projects

in designing, analyzing and estimating structural slab. It can be a great

foundation to the next researchers in relation to this study.

Civil Engineering Students. This study will provide precise

knowledge of designing structural slab with NSCP 2015 specifications. The study

will also give profound understanding about slab and provide the students with a

computer program that they could easily compare and verify their manual

computations of the design and estimate.

 Civil Engineers. The study will support engineers in designing,

analyzing and estimating structural slab. Delivering more design alternatives in

less time, complete projects faster and reduce the chance of coordination errors.

Software Developers. The study will give an idea to the software

development team specialize in slab to improve and provide an additional

function to their structural softwares.

Community. This study will ensure that the slab design made is safe,

economical and effective.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The focus of this study is to develop a Computer Aided Analysis and

Design of structural slab using Visual Basic.net. This study will cover non-

prestressed and prestressed Conventional Slab (one-way and two-way slab).

The software program is also developed to cater analysis, detailed design

processes and produce ready-to-print outputs of the slab designed comprise of

quantity and cost estimates. This study uses the National Structural Code of the

Philippines 2015 (NSCP 2015) specifications as its basis on structural slab

design. The data required on the design and analysis of slab will be specified

only to metric units.

 According to some books and internet files, one-way and two-way slabs

are the most commonly used as slab design for every structures. There are

different types of slab but we only focus on One-way and Two-Way Slab for now

since they are most practically used designs and we are not able to gather

agreeable, appropriate and definite source of the rest. Thus, the software

program will cover mostly on non-prestressed and prestressed one-way and two-

way slab design.

Definition of Terms

Definition of Terms

ACI 318 “ Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and

Commnetar. The document that present the code requirements for design and

construction of structural concrete that are necessary to ensure public safety.

Codes. Are set of instruction forming a computer program which is executed by a

computer. It is one of two components software which runs on computer

hardware, the other being the data.

Debugging. It is the routine process of locating and removing computer program

bugs, errors or abnormalities which is methodically handled by software

programmers via debugging tools.

Flow Chart. It is type of diagram that represents an algorithm, workplace or

process.
GUI. It is an acronym for Graphical User Interface. When you interact with a

compute, you are called user and the method by which the computer interacts

with you is called an interface.

Integrated Development Environment (IDE). Software application that provides

comprehensive facilities to computer programmers for software development.

Mesh. A barrier made of connected strands of metal , fiber, or other flexible or

ductile materials. Mesh is similar to a web or a net in that it has many attached or

woven strands.

Monolithic. It means cast at the same time like when slabs are cast or poured

the reinforcement of slab and beam are arranged such that there will be fixity at

the joint of slab and beam the entire unt act as single entity.

National Structural Code of the Philippines 2015 (NSCP 2015). It is the latest

structural codes applicable in the Philippines that provides specification and

provisions for building design of the structures to withstand any natural

phenomena and to safeguard the life of the community.

One-way slab. A slab which is supported by beams on the two opposite sides to

carry the load along one direction.The ratio of longer span to shorter span is

equal to or greater than 2.

Pre-stressed. Is a form of concrete where initial compression is given in the

concrete before applying the external load so that stress from external loads are

counteracted in the desired way during the service period.

Program language. Program language is a vocabulary and set of grammatical

rules for instructing a computer or computing device to perform specific tasks.

The term programming language usually refers to high-level languages, such as

BASIC, C, C++, COBOL, Java, FORTRAN, Ada, and Pascal.

Slab. A large, thick, flat piece of stone, concrete or wood, typically rectangular.

Slab Settlement. The movement of concrete slab experiences when the soil

underneath it can no longer support the weight of it.

Software. It is a computer program which consist data or computer instructions

that can execute functions created by developer.

Two way slab. Is supported on four sides, and the ratio of longer span to shorter

span is less than 2.

User-friendly. Of a computer system, it means easily operated and understood

by means of a straight forward guide

Visual Basic.Net (VB.NET). It is an object-oriented computer programming

language implemented on the .NET framework. Although it is an evolution of

classic visual basic language, it is not backwards-compatible with VB6 and any

code written in the old version does not compile VB.net. (O’Reilly, 2015)
 CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature and Studies

Related Literature and Studies

According to A. Divyadarshi (2016), Slabs are constructed to provide flat

surfaces, usually horizontal, in building floors, roofs, bridges, and other types of

structures. The slab may be supported by walls, by reinforced concrete beams usually

cast monolithically with the slab, by structural steel beams, by columns, or by the

ground. The depth of a slab is usually very small compared to its span.

One-way slab

One-way slab is a slab which is supported by beams on the two opposite

sides to carry the load along one direction. The ratio of longer span to shorter span is

equal or greater than 2, considered as one-way slab because this slab will bend in one

direction i.e. in the direction along its shorter span. Due to the huge difference in lengths,

load is not transferred to the shorter beams. Main reinforcement is provided in shorter

span and distribution reinforcement in longer span. (Krishna, 2017)

Shear in reinforced concrete one-way slabs loaded with a concentrated load is

typically checked in two ways: 1) by calculating the beam shear resistance over a certain

effective width resulting from a chosen horizontal load spreading assumption between

the load and the support; and 2) by checking the punching shear resistance on a

perimeter around the load. The beam shear (one-way shear) capacity formulas in codes
are derived from experiments on beams. The tested beams generally have a total width

smaller than their depth. The shear resistance of a slab subjected to a concentrated load

should not be calculated over its entire width b, but over a certain effective width beff.

The shear force calculated from the maximum shear stress over the effective width

should equal the shear force resulting from the shear stress distribution over the entire

width. In practice, horizontal load spreading is assumed to be less than 45 degrees from

the load toward the support (Fig. 1). The lower limit for the effective width is taken in

Dutch practice as 2d for loads in the central area of the width and d for loads near the

edge or corner of the slab. The punching shear (two-way shear) capacity in code

formulas is developed for two-way slabs. Most empirical methods for punching shear are

derived from tests on slab-column connections.

Recent research concerning shear in slabs mainly focused on one-way slabs

under line loads. Tests by Lubell (2006), Sherwood (2008), and Sherwood et al. (2006)

show that one-way slabs under line loads behave like beams in shear. However, test

data regarding the shear resistance of one-way slabs under point loads or concentrated

loads with a width smaller than the specimen width are scarce. Even less data are

available for loads close to the support with shear span- depth ratios (a/d) less than or

equal to 2.5 (Cullington et al. 1996; Graf 1933; Regan 1982; Richart and Kluge 1939).

Small-scale tests by Regan (1982) suggest an increased shear resistance for slabs

under concentrated loads close to the support. (Lantsoght, et. Al., Shear in One-Way

Slabs under Concentrated Load Close to Support)

 Slab-beam-girder flooring system usually adopted in reinforced concrete

buildings with its load path. According to McGuire, 1959, this system is commonly used

with column spacing from 6m to 12m. Panel length to width ratio usually excesses 1.5

according to MacGregor and Wight, 2005.

Floor beams usually have a span up to 6m, Callender, 1982, with a depth about

twice the width, and usually located at mid-points, at the third points, or at the quarter

points of the girders, McGuire, 1959. For lighter loads, intermediate and deep girders

may be eliminated and one-way slab to be supported by wide, shallow beams located

along column lines as indicated, McGuire, 1959. According to ACI 318, 2008, slab-

beam-girder flooring system should cast monolithically resulting in a highly

indeterminate system with deflected shape indicated. Many approximated methods

have been offered to determine shear forces and bending moments in the slab

including ACI coefficients methods, ACI 318, 2008, semi-analytical methods

proposed by Wang and Salmon, 1985, and moment distribution method proposed by

Cross and Morgan, 1949. In all these methods, beam deflection is neglected relative to

slab deflection and actual deflected shape of Fig. 2 is approximated with that of Fig. 3.

Experience with current numerical analysis by finite element method indicates that

aforementioned assumption may be in a serious error especially for slabs supported on

flexible beams. Therefore, a condition of the relative stiffness of the supporting beam

should be adopted for more accurate results. This condition would be similar to that

adopted by ACI code in direct design method for two-way slabs. (Al-Zaidee, Slab-beam

Interaction in One-way Floor Systems)

 One way slabs are those supported continuously on the two oppostite sides so

that the loads are carried along one direction only. The direction in which the load is

carried in one way slab is calledthe SPAN.One way slabs are usually made to span in

shorter direction, since the corresponding bendingmoments and shear forces are the

least.Distribution steels are provided to distribute any unevenness that may occure in

loading and fortemperature and shrinkage effects in that direction. (Shrestha, 2000)

A fundamental task in the design of reinforced concrete structures is to search for

minimum cost through the variation and placement of the quantities of the relatively

expensive steel reinforcement without jeopardising the safety of the structure. The

use of nonlinear finite element software can assist greatly in achieving an

economical and safe design. However, commercially available finite element

software is not designed for this task as most packages have been developed to be

used as verification rather than design tools. 'Home-written' software can be

designed to achieve this task, however it may suffer from serious drawbacks such

as bugs, lack of user friendliness, lack of generality, and unproven reliability. This

present study shows that if a given software package comes with a scripting

interface, it can be transformed easily from a verification tool to a performance

design tool. (Khennane, Performance design of reinforced concrete slabs

using commercial finite element software)

Two-way Slab

Two-way slab is a slab supported by beams on all the four sides and the loads are

carried by the supports along both directions, it is known as two-way slab. In two-

way slab, the ratio of longer span to shorter span is less than 2. In two way slabs,

load will be carried in both the directions. So, main reinforcement is provided in both

directions for two way slabs. (Krishna, 2017)

Two-way slabs are slabs in which the surface load is transferred in two directions. Two

way slabs have many types: slabs supported on beams between all columns, slabs

without beams and waffle slabs. Slabs with beams are commonly used for high

loads and or large spans. The deflection in the slab panel depends mainly on the

beams stiffness. The deflection at middle of panels decreases as the stiffness of the

supporting beams increases. The internal forces and especially the bending

moments are increased in the beams as their stiffness increases. This paper will

illustrate the sequence of increase in beam moments as the beams stiffness

increases. Slabs with different beams stiffness and longer span to short span ratios

will be studied. (Ibrahim Arman, Bending Moments in Beams of Two Way Slab

Systems)
The results of an earlier series of tests of small scale, laterally restrained two-way slabs,

whose behaviors under uniform transverse load were measured out to the point of

collapse, in an effort to formulate procedures for the prediction of the resistance

functions for such slabs throughout their total response histories. While this

objective was not fully met, it was found that present procedures are generally

adequate to define the maximum resistance levels of such slabs. Additionally,

detailed analysis of the experimental data suggests strongly the existence of

systematic relationships which, when evaluated, will provide a basis for the

prediction of large deflection slab behavior. (J. D. Haltiwanger, et. Al., Behavior of

Restrained Two-way Slabs)

Understanding the behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) components in structures

subjected to different loading conditions is very important in order to obtain

comprehensive knowledge to design a safe and functional structure. There are

several methods to analyze the response of RC structural components.

Experimental testing is one of the most reliable methods to understand the

behaviour of structure. While this method yields a high degree of accuracy, it is time

consuming and always entails a high cost. Use of finite element analysis (FEA)

method has become popular in recent years; it is fast and saves time and money.

Although the use of this method was time consuming because of low processing

capability of computers before, it is much easier these days with existing of faster

computers in terms of both software and hardware capabilities. The results obtained

from FE analysis must be scrutinized very carefully.

To fully understand the result of a FE analysis program, one must closely check the

result and compare them with other method of analysis such as reliable and

reasonable hand calculation methods. The validity of FE models must be verified. In

this study of two way reinforced concrete slab with and without openings are

modelled using commercial software package ANSYS to understand the behavior of

slab with different boundary conditions. The aim of this study is to determine the

effect of opening on stresses and deflection in two way reinforced concrete slab.

(Gawas, et. Al., Study on Two way RC Slab using ANSYS with and without

central opening)

Two-way slabs subjected mostly to uniformly distributed loads resist them primarily by

bending about both the axis. However, as in the one-way slab, the depth of the two-

way slabs should also be checked for the shear stresses to avoid any reinforcement

for shear. Moreover, these slabs should have sufficient depth for the control

deflection. Thus, strength and deflection are the requirements of design of two-way

slabs. Two-way slabs spanning in two directions at right angles and carrying

uniformly distributed loads may be analyzed using any acceptable theory. Pigeoud’s

or Wester-guard’s theories are the suggested elastic methods and Johansen’s yield

line theory is the most commonly used in the limit state of collapse method.

(Kharagpur, Book for two-way slab)

Visual Basic (Language)

VISUAL BASIC (VB) AND Microsoft's more recent VB .NET are powerful and

useful programming tools for the development of applications for the Microsoft Windows

operating system. What makes this programming language so special is that the
programmer can literally draw out the graphical user interface (GUI). This makes

developing a GUI relatively easy instead of daunting. It also makes Visual programming

unique from more traditional programming, so this chapter starts off by taking a look at

the basics of Visual Basic development and the Visual Basic development environment.

(Visual Basic and Visual Basic for Scientists and Engineers by Christopher Frenz,

Page 1)

Like all other .NET languages, VB.NET is an object, including all the primitive

types (Short, Integer, Long, String, Boolean, etc.) and user-defined typed, events, and

even assemblies. All objects inherit from the base class object. VB.NET is implemented

by Microsoft’s.NET framework. It’s also possible to run VB.NET programs on Mono, the

open-source alternative to .NET, not only under Windows, but even Linux or Mac OSX.

The following reasons make VB.NET a widely used professional language: a) Modern,

general purpose b) Object oriented c) Component oriented d) Easy to learn e) Structured

language f) It produces efficient programs g) It can be compiled on a variety of computer

platforms h) Part of .NET Framework. (Learning Visual Basic .Net by O’Reilly Media,

Page 8)

Visual Basic (VB) is an enhancement of BASIC, a regular procedural language

(Pietromonaco, 2002; Shelly, et al, 2003). VB has the added features of visual object-

oriented components and the code for the procedural structures of sequence, iteration,

and selection. An example of a visual object is a button. It has encapsulated properties

and event procedures (Nelson, 1993; Schneider, 1999). VB has “public” and “private”

procedures like object- oriented programming languages’ public and private methods.

Procedural languages lack such characteristics. The literature supports the idea that VB

is different from procedural programming. (Buchner, 1999; Grehan, 1996a; Grehan,

1996b; Llewellyn et al, 2002; Spain, 1996). O’Brian (2004) describes VB as an object-
oriented programming language, rather than a language like BASIC, C, or COBOL. Kai

& McKim (1998) described how object-oriented programming can be performed in VB.

Because of its object-oriented methods and procedures, VB requires a different mindset

from other programming languages (Shirer, 2000). (G. L. White, Visual Basic

Programming Impact on Cognitive Style of College Students: Need for

Prerequisites)
Visual Basic profile what programming languages were made for? Their aim was

accomplishing the intercourse between the man and computer. Computer is not a

living being but very complicated machine. The only language it can understand is a

machine-language code.

On the very age of the computer and programming era people communicated with

machines with the help of these codes. But it was very complicated and people

started to develop such languages, which can be easily understand by human

beings. Nowadays, exist great variety of programming languages. They differ from

each other and serve different aims. Visual Basic is one of the programming

languages. Dan Mabbutt states Although VB. NET is gaining ground fast; VB 6

remains the most popular programming environment in the entire history of the

world! But even if it wasn't as great as it is, it's still the best place to start learning

about programming. (Learn Visual Basic Version 6, Part 1: VB 6 is The King) I’ll try

to explain why Visual Basic is the best language for beginner. The original BASIC

("Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) was designed by Kemeny and

Kurtz at Dartmouth College in 1963 as a language to teach people how to program.

Many professional programmers still think that Visual Basic is the best programming

environment. Some people think that Visual Basic can be perceived as serious

system for modern application development. They say that Visual Basic is useful

only for beginners and is not flexible enough and is rather slow. (Dan Mabbutt,

Learn Visual Basic Version 6, and Part 1: VB 6 is The King.)

In the Visual Basic programming curriculum, the “project development approach” is

adopted to design teaching and the teaching order is adjusted in order to implement

the principle of “Problem-guide, project-driven, practice-based, stressing training

combined (theory) enough for the degree”. The results of Enhancing real combat

training, diluting the proof-of-experiments and Strengthening the design-based

experiments are making students master the basic method of programming design

through the practice project training and familiar with the basic software

development process. Furthermore, the students' analyzing and solving problem

skills have been Enhanced and the students' innovative practice ability has been

improved. So we have achieved a good teaching effect.

(Zhang, ET. Al., Research of “Visual Basic programming” project-driven teaching

model)

Upon reading all the literatures related in making a software. We, the researchers

decided to use VB.NET for its useful properties that is easy to use, easy to understand

and easy to create software.

 Chapter III

Methodology

This chapter includes necessary details to follow in research. The

research design, the methods used to design the slab software, flow charts of

graphical user-interface and the evaluation criteria.

Research Design

General concept of the design will follow the specifications from NSCP

2015. All system requirements must be based from engineering fields to follow

structural design principles. Program language to use must provide functions that

can form the main objective of the study.

Methods

This part will show the methods used in developing a computer aided

design and analysis of structural slab, and the ways to come up with a computer

program that satisfies accuracy, reliability and user friendliness of software.

A. Developing the Slab Software

The following are the steps followed in developing the computer

program for the design and analysis of structural slab.

1. Gathering of Data. To have accuracy and reliability of the software, series

of searches has conducted to obtain valuable data in formulating the slab

design software. Data gathered came from internet, library, and especially

in National Structural Code of the Philippines 2015, in doing so the

computer program will assure that the design principle was followed.

2. Studying. For data to be useful, a careful and understandable study is

needed, with this, large quantity of knowledge and understanding will gain

to develop the program. The information collected will help in formulating

slab design process and in coding in the program language to be used

3. Choosing Program Language. To have functional slab software a

programmer needs a language that suits the study without creating too

much difficulty to the researchers. There are too many options to choose

from different programming language but we ended up with

VisualBasic.net because of its user friendliness, easy to learn and with

good executable program software design. VisualBasic.net was already

used by other programmers in their software development especially in

 engineering, and resulted to user-friendly, accurate and reliable software,

so visual basic is somewhat the best option for us.

4. Flowchart Designing. In software development it is best to foresee a

computer program design with the use of flowchart. Flowchart is a type of

diagram that represents the workflow or process of the software design. It

will explain the process, pattern and the necessary things to do inside the

software. It shows the steps as boxes of various kinds and their order by

connecting boxes with arrows. Flowchart is very helpful for programmers

because coding becomes easy by just following the flow process and part

which has error will be easily revised.

5. Designing GUI (Graphical User Interface). Designing the user interface

is complex and quite difficult if no design process to follow. But once flow

chart is presented and drawn it has a big impact for the design of the

interface. It allows the programmer to create the program based on the

formulated flow chart. Being helpful to have a process chart, the

programmer still needs quite some time on designing the GUI for it to be

pleasing to the eye of the user and error less when coding.

6. Coding. Once the design user-interface is set and formed based on the

flow chart, the process of coding will follow. To achieve a reliable and

accurate output in analyzing, designing and estimating structural slab,

coding must be properly, accurately and perfectly executed to make sure

 that buttons, labels, option marks will function well and data to be input will

provide a legit output. Careful coding also assures that the flow charts

formed are well followed and processed.

7. Debugging. This process locates the error and revised it with the correct

or appropriate coding. Before achieving the final design software

researchers will check and recheck the codes used for any possible

miscodes or wrong input of codes until such time that the desired outputs

have achieved.

8. Converting Visual Basic File into Installer of the Software. After the

computer program was code and debugged and the researchers totally

make sure that the software is complete, it can be transformed into a

executable file. If file was converted it can be open even without the use of

visual basic. If the software is installed, then the program is now ready to

use.

B. Evaluation of the Slab Software

The following are the procedures used in evaluating accuracy, reliability

and user-friendliness of the computer aided structural slab software. The

researchers will provide slab problems and then check if it matches accurately

with the software.

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