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    Stove Testing For Durability

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    Jose Humberto Bernilla
    This document outlines cookstove durability testing methods. It discusses testing grates, paints and coatings, and metal components to predict lifespan under normal use. Standard tests are used where available, like ASTM methods for hardness and adhesion of coatings. New methods are developed as needed. The goal is to conduct controlled laboratory tests that accurately simulate field use over many cooking cycles. Challenges include accelerating tests while maintaining real-world simulation. Results must be shared to help improve stove component lifespan.

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    Stove Testing For Durability

    Uploaded by

    Jose Humberto Bernilla
    27 views25 pages
    This document outlines cookstove durability testing methods. It discusses testing grates, paints and coatings, and metal components to predict lifespan under normal use. Standard tests are used where available, like ASTM methods for hardness and adhesion of coatings. New methods are developed as needed. The goal is to conduct controlled laboratory tests that accurately simulate field use over many cooking cycles. Challenges include accelerating tests while maintaining real-world simulation. Results must be shared to help improve stove component lifespan.

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    testeo de estufas

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    Stove Testing for Durability

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    This document outlines cookstove durability testing methods. It discusses testing grates, paints and coatings, and metal components to predict lifespan under normal use. Standard tests are used where available, like ASTM methods for hardness and adhesion of coatings. New methods are developed as needed. The goal is to conduct controlled laboratory tests that accurately simulate field use over many cooking cycles. Challenges include accelerating tests while maintaining real-world simulation. Results must be shared to help improve stove component lifespan.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    27 views25 pages

    Stove Testing For Durability

    Uploaded by

    Jose Humberto Bernilla
    This document outlines cookstove durability testing methods. It discusses testing grates, paints and coatings, and metal components to predict lifespan under normal use. Standard tests are used where available, like ASTM methods for hardness and adhesion of coatings. New methods are developed as needed. The goal is to conduct controlled laboratory tests that accurately simulate field use over many cooking cycles. Challenges include accelerating tests while maintaining real-world simulation. Results must be shared to help improve stove component lifespan.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 25

    COOKSTOVE DURABILITY

    TESTING – ETHOS 2013


    By Paul Means
    Burn Design Lab
    1/26/2013 2

    Cookstove Durability Testing


    •  Outline
    •  Goal of Durability Testing
    •  Grates
    •  Paint & Coatings
    •  Metal Components
    1/26/2013 3

    Cookstove Durability Testing


    •  Goal: To conduct controlled systematic tests in the
    laboratory, and aggressive tests in the field, that will
    predict the service life of cookstove components in the
    course of normal use.
    •  Purpose:
    •  Value of stove
    •  Selection of materials
    •  Stove design
    •  Financing the project
    1/26/2013 4

    Grates
    1/26/2013 5

    Grates – cont.

    •  From: Test of Materials for Downdraft Grates by Damon Ogle


    Aprovecho Research Center January 2005
    1/26/2013 6

    Grates – cont.
    •  Procedure
    •  For grate, combustion chamber, ash tray, and cone deck
    durability, the procedure is to first clearly document the initial
    condition of the component by photographing it, weighing it,
    measuring it, and noting any variations of geometry.
    •  After this the component is put into the stove and fired with
    charcoal. After 10 – 20 burns the grate is removed from the
    stove, it is again examined and it’s condition is recorded.
    •  This process is repeated until a clear trend is evident and
    conclusions can be drawn.
    1/26/2013 7

    Grates – cont.
    •  Temperature
    Measurement
    •  Component operating
    temperature vs. material
    temperature rating
    1/26/2013 8

    Grates – cont.
    •  Temperature Measurement – cont.
    1200

    1000

    Trial 1 (Closed 22, Opened 55)


    800
    Trial 2 (High Power)
    600
    Temperature ( °C)

    Trial 3 (High Power+Pot)

    400 Trial 4 (High Power w/small


    Charcoal)
    Trial 5 (High Power w/small
    200
    Charcoal+Pot)

    0
    0:00 0:14 0:28 0:43 0:57 1:12 1:26
    Time in minutes past lighting
    1/26/2013 9

    Grates – cont.
    •  Grate condition after accelerated trial by heavy user.
    1/26/2013 10

    Coatings
    •  . Abrasion Resistance
    •  ASTM D968 -
    •  Abrasive is allowed to fall from
    a specified height through a
    guide tube onto a coated panel
    until the substrate becomes
    visible.
    •  The amount of abrasive per
    unit film thickness is reported
    as the abrasion resistance of
    the coating on the panel.
    •  Silica sand or silicon carbide
    may be used, as specified.
    1/26/2013 11

    Coatings
    •  Hardness
    •  Reference: ASTM D3363
    •  Pencil Hardness - the
    pencil that will not cut
    into or gouge the film or,
    •  Scratch Hardness - the
    pencil that will not
    scratch the film
    •  Pencil Hardness Scale –
    Note that No. 2 Pencil is
    “HB” on the hardness scale.
    1/26/2013 12

    Coating Durability – cont.


    •  Adhesion by Tape Test
    •  Reference: ASTM D3359
    •  Crossed cuts are made through
    the coating with a sharp knife.
    •  Adhesive tape is applied to the
    cut coating and removed quickly.
    •  The coating adhesion is
    measured by its ability to remain
    on the substrate and to not be
    removed by the tape.
    •  Comparative standards are used
    to rate the performance of the
    powder coat in this test
    1/26/2013 13

    Coating Durability – cont.


    •  Coating Thickness
    •  Reference: ASTM D1005
    •  The part / coating thickness is
    measured.
    •  The coating is removed with a
    solvent
    •  The part thickness is
    measured
    •  Coating Thickness is
    determined by difference.
    •  NOTE: This is a destructive
    method
    1/26/2013 14

    Coating Durability – cont.


    •  Coating Thickness
    •  Reference: ASTM Method
    D7091
    •  This method calls for the use
    of a dry film thickness
    measurement instrument.
    •  For powder coated steel parts,
    a magnetic pull-off gage is
    applicable. Cost is $400 -
    $500.
    1/26/2013 15

    Coating Durability – cont.


    •  Impact Resistance
    •  Reference: ASTM D2794
    •  rapidly deforming a coating film
    and its substrate by impact and
    evaluating the effect.
    •  A standard weight is dropped
    from an increasingly higher
    distance to form an indentation in
    the sample panel and reach
    failure.
    •  Failure is seen as cracks in
    either of the intrusion (direct) or
    extrusion (indirect) which can be
    detected visually, chemically or
    electrically
    1/26/2013 16

    Coating Durability – cont.


    •  Flexibility
    •  ASTM D522 - 93a
    •  Determination of the resistance
    to cracking (flexibility) of
    attached organic coatings on
    substrates of sheet metal
    •  The coated panels are bent over
    a mandrel and the resistance to
    cracking of the coating is
    determined. Mandrels vary in
    diameter from 1/8" - 1 ½". The
    coating flexibility value is
    represented by the mandrel
    diameter at which no cracks are
    seen in the coating
    •  No crazing or loss of adhesion
    and finish at the bend be able to
    be removed with tape.
    1/26/2013 17

    Coating Durability – cont.


    •  High Temperature
    Resistance
    •  No ASTM Reference
    •  Expose coating to anticipated
    temperatures.
    •  Inspect for damage or
    discoloration
    1/26/2013 18

    Coating Durability – cont.


    •  Accelerated Corrosion
    Testing – Salt Spray –
    ref presentation by
    Kevin Fisher Univ.
    Dayton ETHOS 2012
    •  Reference ASTM B 117
    and ASTM D 1654
    1/26/2013 19

    Metal Components
    •  Key Variables that can impact lifetime
    •  Alloy grade
    •  Operating temperature
    •  Gas atmosphere
    •  Part thickness
    •  Cycling of temperature
    1/26/2013 20

    Metal Components
    •  Accelerated testing at elevated temperatures is an option
    for certain metal applications.
    1/26/2013 21

    Metal Components – cont.


    •  Sometimes component life / durability, is determined by
    experience – plancha stove pipes
    1/26/2013 22

    Challenges
    •  The primary challenge is determining how to
    develop controlled systematic tests in the
    laboratory that will predict the service life of
    cookstove components in the field.
    •  3 years represents almost 3300 cooking cycles.
    •  There are established ASTM International
    Methods for some components, for example the
    paints & powder coatings. Correlating results
    from these tests with actual stove life is
    necessary.
    1/26/2013 23

    Opportunities & Lessons Learned


    100.8

    100.6

    100.4

    100.2

    100

    Satorious Dry Scrub


    99.8
    Satorious Dirty
    Ohaus Dry Scrub
    99.6
    Ohaus Dirty

    99.4
    0 20 40 60 80 100

    Substitute Combustion Plot of Scale Weights


    Chamber
    1/26/2013 24

    Conclusions & Next Steps


    •  Utilize standard methods where they are available.
    (example for paints & coatings)
    •  Develop new & specialized methods as needed.
    •  Test stove components carefully to be sure that the test is
    repeatable and representative of use in the field
    •  Share your methods and results with the stove
    community.
    1/26/2013 25

    Thank You!
    Questions?

    Paul Means
    Research & Testing Manager
    Burn Design Lab
    [email protected]

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