IEEE Bare Demo Template For Conferences
IEEE Bare Demo Template For Conferences
IEEE Bare Demo Template For Conferences
Communication Systems
Tsering Lamo Kailash
M.Tech, M.Tech,
Dept. of Communication and Networks, Dept. of Communication and Networks,
NIT ROURKELA, NIT ROURKELA,
Orissa, India. Orissa, India.
[email protected] [email protected]
Abstract—In wireless communication there is an endless quest use, market aspects of mobile systems, the mobile position
for increased capacity and improved quality. MIMO-OFDM and the mobility and roaming capabilities etc.
system has been currently recognized as one of the most compet- Long Term Evolution LTE/LTE-Advanced and Worldwide
itive technology for 4G mobile wireless systems. OFDM may be
combined with antenna arrays at the transmitter and receiver to Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) are called
increase the diversity gain and/or to enhance the system capacity 4G technologies, based on packet-switched services and IP
on time-variant and frequency-selective channels, resulting in were made the primary design target. 4G systems supports data
a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) configuration. The rate about 100-200Mbps. Applicable for high-speed internet
performance measures are the bit error rate and average spectral backbone services such as video calling, online gaming and
efficiency of the system. The BER performance depends on the
employed detection scheme, signal to noise ratio (SNR) and high definition TV (HDTV) often based on optical fibre
diversity order. networks, packet-switched services and VOIP. [1]
In this paper, a channel estimation method based on Kalman
filter with STBC codes for multiple-input multiple-output B. MIMO and OFDM:
(MIMO) systems. Simulations have been done in MATLAB for The OFDM modulation transforms a broadband, frequency-
time-varying Rayleigh faded channels for BPSK. The technique
being used seems to obtain an error performance closer to selective channel into multiple parallel narrow-band single
that of a known channel information in severely faded channel channels. A guard interval also known as the Cyclic Prefix
considerations. (CP) is inserted between the individual symbols. This guard
Keywords– OFDM; BPSK; SNR; STBC; MMSE interval is kept long enough to compensate for jitter in the
transmission channel. As the transmitted OFDM symbols
I. I NTRODUCTION experience different delays through the transmission channel,
High-performance next generation broadband wireless com- there is a variation in these delays at the receiver location as
munication system can be achieved by the use of multiple well. This variation is called jitter. The inter-symbol interfer-
antennas at the transmitter and receiver ends. A multiple input ence (ISI) can be prevented in this way. It has been shown
multiple output (MIMO) system provides multiple independent in that OFDM can be favourably combined with multiple
transmission channels, thus, under certain conditions, leading antennas on the sending side as well as the receiving side
to a channel capacity that increases linearly with the num- to increase diversity gain and/or transmission capacity in
ber of antennas. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing time-varying and frequency-selective channels. The result is
(OFDM) is an effective technique for high data rate wire- the MIMO-OFDM systems. The general structure of MIMO-
less mobile communication. MIMO-OFDM technology is a OFDM system is shown in figure 1. This system comprises
combination of MIMO wireless technology with OFDM that of 2 transmit and 2 receive antennae. To obtain the OFDM
has been recognized as one of the most promising techniques signal for each of the antennae, Inverse Fast Fourier Transform
to support high data rate and high performance in different (IFFT) is applied which can be detected by applying Fast
channel conditions. [4] Fourier Transform (FFT). For the channel estimation, a pilot
sequence is inserted and used. Also, at the last step of OFDM
II. L ITERATURE R EVIEW modulation block, a cyclic prefix is inserted just ahead of the
OFDM symbol. The important point here is to keep the time
A. Fourth Generation Communicaation System: length of the CP greater than the maximum delay spread of
The evolution of 3G into 4G systems includes the cre- the channel. The main function of the cyclic prefix is to guard
ation and development of new services, and is enabled by the OFDM symbol against Inter Symbol Interference (ISI),
advancement of the technology available for mobile systems, hence, this cyclic prefix is called the guard interval of the
in terms of competition between mobile operators, challenges OFDM symbols. MIMO coding can use several encoders such
from other mobile technologies, new regulation of spectrum as STBC coding.
One space time codeword has N = NT * T symbols.
At the receiver, first the CP is removed, then the FFT is
applied and the transmitted symbol stream is estimated using
the received signal.
Distribution= Rayleigh distribution
Transmitted and Received Symbols:
{Xit }N T
i=1
{Yjt }N R
j=1